historical lectures and essays(查尔斯金斯利历史讲座)
one war too many； and was cut off in the Scythian deserts； falling before
the arrows of mere savages； and how their queen； Tomyris； poured blood
down the throat of the dead corpse； with the words； 〃Glut thyself with the
gore for which thou hast thirsted。〃 But it may be truefor Xenophon
states it expressly； and with detailthat Cyrus； from the very time of his
triumph； became an Eastern despot； a sultan or a shah； living apart from
his people in mysterious splendour； in the vast fortified palace which he
built for himself； and imitating and causing his nobles and satraps to
imitate； in all but vice and effeminacy； the very Medes whom he had
conquered。 And of this there is no doubtthat his sons and their empire
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ran rapidly through that same vicious circle of corruption to which all
despotisms are doomed； and became within 250 years； even as the Medes；
the Chaldeans； the Lydians； whom they had conquered； children no longer
of Ahura Mazda； but of Ahriman； of darkness and not of light； to be
conquered by Alexander and his Greeks even more rapidly and more
shamefully than they had conquered the East。
This is the short epic of the Persian Empire； ending； alas！ as all human
epics are wont to end； sadly； if not shamefully。
But let me ask you； Did I say too much； when I said； that to these
Persians we owe that we are here to…night？
I do not say that without them we should not have been here。 God； I
presume； when He is minded to do anything； has more than one way of
doing it。
But that we are now the last link in a chain of causes and effects which
reaches as far back as the emigration of the Persians southward from the
plateau of Pamir； we cannot doubt。
For see。 By the fall of Babylon and its empire the Jews were freed
from their captivitylarge numbers of them at leastand sent home to
their own Jerusalem。 What motives prompted Cyrus； and Darius after
him； to do that deed？
Those who like to impute the lowest motives may say； if they will； that
Daniel and the later Isaiah found it politic to worship the rising sun； and
flatter the Persian conquerors： and that Cyrus and Darius in turn were
glad to see Jerusalem rebuilt； as an impregnable frontier fortress between
them and Egypt。 Be it so； I； who wish to talk of things noble； pure；
lovely； and of good report； would rather point you once more to the
magnificent poetry of the later Isaiah which mences at the 40th
chapter of the Book of Isaiah； and say There； upon the very face of the
document； stands written the fact that the sympathy between the faithful
Persian and the faithful Jew… …the two puritans of the Old World； the two
haters of lies； idolatries； superstitions； was actually as intense as it ought to
have been； as it must have been。
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Be that as it may； the return of the Jews to Jerusalem preserved for us
the Old Testament； while it restored to them a national centre； a sacred city；
like that of Delphi to the Greeks； Rome to the Romans； Mecca to the
Muslim； loyalty to which prevented their being utterly absorbed by the
more civilised Eastern races among whom they had been scattered abroad
as colonies of captives。
Then another； and a seemingly needful link of cause and effect ensued：
Alexander of Macedon destroyed the Persian Empire； and the East became
Greek； and Alexandria； rather than Jerusalem； became the head…quarters of
Jewish learning。 But for that very cause； the Scriptures were not left
inaccessible to the mass of mankind； like the old Pehlevi liturgies of the
Zend…avesta； or the old Sanscrit Vedas； in an obsolete and hieratic tongue；
but were translated into； and continued in； the then all but world…wide
Hellenic speech； which was to the ancient world what French is to the
modern。
Then the East became Roman； without losing its Greek speech。 And
under the wide domination of that later Roman Empirewhich had
subdued and organised the whole known world； save the Parthian
descendants of those old Persians； and our old Teutonic forefathers in their
German forests and on their Scandinavian shoresthat Divine book was
carried far and wide； East and West； and South； from the heart of
Abyssinia to the mountains of Armenia； and to the isles of the ocean；
beyond Britain itself to Ireland and to the Hebrides。
And that bookso strangely coinciding with the old creed of the earlier
Persiansthat book； long misunderstood； long overlain by the dust； and
overgrown by the parasitic fungi of centuries； that book it was which sent
to these trans…Atlantic shores the founders of your great nation。 That
book gave them their instinct of Freedom； tempered by reverence for Law。
That book gave them their hatred of idolatry； and made them not only say
but act upon their own words； with these old Persians and with the Jewish
prophets alike； Sacrifice and burnt offering thou wouldst not； Then said
we； Lo； we e。 In the volume of the book it is written of us； that we
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e to do thy will； O God。 Yes； long and fantastic is the chain of
causes and effects； which links you here to the old heroes who came down
from Central Asia； because the land had grown so wondrous cold； that
there were ten months of winter to two of summer； and when simply after
warmth and life； and food for them and for their flocks； they wandered
forth to found and help to found a spiritual kingdom。
And even in their migration； far back in these dim and mystic ages；
have we found the earliest link of the long chain？ Not so。 What if the
legend of the change of climate be the dim recollection of an enormous
physical fact？ What if it； and the gradual depopulation of the whole
north of Asia； be owing； as geologists now suspect； to the slow and age…
long uprise of the whole of Siberia； thrusting the warm Arctic sea farther
and farther to the northward； and placing between it and the Highlands of
Thibet an ever…increasing breadth of icy land； destroying animals； and
driving whole races southward； in search of the summer and the sun？
What if the first link in the chain； as yet conceivable by man； should
be the cosmic changes in the distribution of land and water； which filled
the mouths of the Siberian rivers with frozen carcases of woolly mammoth
and rhinoceros； and those again； doubt it not； of other revolutions；
reaching back and back； and on and on； into the infinite unknown？ Why
not？ For so are all human destinies
Bound with gold chains unto the throne of God。
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ANCIENT CIVILISATION ｛5｝ ｛6｝
There is a theory abroad in the world just now about the origin of the
human race； which has so many patent and powerful physiological facts to
support it that we must not lightly say that it is absurd or impossible； and
that is； that man’s mortal body and brain were derived from some animal
and ape…like creature。 Of that I am not going to speak now。 My subject
is： How this creature called man； from whatever source derived；
became civilised； rational； and moral。 And I am sorry to say that there is
tacked on by many to the first theory； another which does not follow from
it； and which has really nothing to do with it； and it is this： That man；
with all his wonderful and mysterious aspirations； always unfulfilled yet
always precious； at once his torment and his joy； his very hope of
everlasting life； that man； I