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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb<br \/>\n\u94b1\u951f\u3000\u3000\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n1998\u5e74\u4ef2\u590f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80cc\u666f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u6cd5\u3000\u5f8b\u3000\u80cc\u3000\u666f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u9700\u8981\u597d\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u540d\u8bcd\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u3003\u521b\u9020\u3003\uff08creation\uff09\u8fd9\u89c2\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u610f\u9650\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7ecf\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5f88\u591a\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u9010\u6e10\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u3002\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u4e0e\u3003\u521b\u9020\u3003\u552f\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u575a\u6301\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u4e3a\u3003\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u3003\uff08fully\u3000<br \/>\nnaturalistic\u3000evolution\uff09\u3002\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u667a\u6167\u8005\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff08\u7eaf\u3000\u7cb9\u3000\u552f\u3000\u7269\u3000\u7684\u3000\u89c2\u3000\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u521b\u9020\u3003\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u770b\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u3003\u7a81\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u521b\u9020\u3003\uff08sudden\u3000<br \/>\ncreation\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\uff08fundamentalists\uff09\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6839\u636e\u6781\u7aef\u5b57\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\uff08extremely\u3000<br \/>\nliteral\u3000interpretation\uff09\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u88ab\u9020\u7684\uff08was\u3000<br 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\/>\nearth\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u662f\u632a\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e00\u6b21\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bef\u4f1a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u4e00\uff1a\u6e05\u9664\u8bef\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0e\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u5e74\u8f7b\u8bba\u548c\u516d\u5929\u7279\u521b\u8bba\u3002\u3003\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\uff08Creationism\uff09\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u8239\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e07\u7269\u662f\u7531\u795e\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u5730\u9f84\u5728\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u3003\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u3001\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ec6\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u85fb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u6392\u65a5\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u6700\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u9020\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u3003\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3003\uff08Darwinism\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u795e\u3001\u4efb\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u5076\u7136\u5de7\u5408\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\uff08\u6216\u5929\u6f14\u8bba\u3000<br \/>\nnatural\u3000selection\uff09\u3011\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5dde\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e2d\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u4efd\u5b50\u591a\u5e74\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u91cd\u7533\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u8ff0\u8bf4\u795e\u521b\u9020\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u3003\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u3003\u7684\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u4ed7\u662f1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u3003\u7334\u4e8e\u6848\u3003\uff08Monkey\u3000<br \/>\ntrial\uff09\u53c8\u79f0\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u6848\uff08Scopes\u3000Case\uff09\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u662f\u4ece\u4ee5\u4f20\u5947\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u5267\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u3003\u98ce\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3003\uff08Inherit\u3000the\u3000<br \/>\nWind\uff09\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5267\u60c5\u63cf\u5199\u4e00\u7fa4\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4efd\u5b50\u4fb5\u5165\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8bfe\u5ba4\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u9a6f\u826f\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5f8b\u5e08\u7ed9\u4eba\u63a8\u5d07\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e0e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8ddf\u5f88\u591a\u4f20\u8bf4\u3001\u91ce\u53f2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8981\u6bd4\u620f\u5267\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u539f\u6765\u5f53\u65f6\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\uff08Tennessee\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5b66\u6821\u8bb2\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u5dde\u957f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7b7e\u7f72\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u6761\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u58f0\u660e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u6cd5\u3002\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u4f8b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ea\u60f3\u63d0\u9ad8\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u4ee3\u987f\u5e02\uff08Dayton\uff09\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u7684\u4ee3\u8bfe\u8001\u5e08\u81ea\u613f\u62c5\u8d77\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u800c\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6559\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u672a\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u98ce\u4e91\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u5c31\u5927\u8086\u6e32\u67d3\u8fd9\u4ef6\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u9a6c\u620f\u3002\u9886\u5934\u8d77\u8bc9\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u539f\u6765\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e09\u6b21\u83b7\u9009\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\uff08William\u3000<br \/>\nJennings\u3000Bryan\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08Woodrow\u3000<br \/>\nWilson\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u672c\u4eba\u7b03\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u8f83\u4e3a\u5f00\u901a\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u5b57\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u201d\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5eff\u56db\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u201c\u65e5\u201d\u53c8\u672a\u5fc5\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8870\u8d25\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9f13\u52b1\u5f53\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u6b8b\u5fcd\u65e0\u60c5\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bcc\u8c6a\u5265\u524a\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u6076\u679c\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u56e2\u7684\u9886\u8896\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4e13\u5bb6\u514b\u62c9\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u7f57\uff08Clarence\u3000<br \/>\nDarrow\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u7684\uff08agnostic\uff09\u6f14\u8bf4\u5bb6\u3002\u8fbe\u7f57\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e86\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u5f15\u4e0a\u8bc1\u4eba\u53f0\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u76d8\u95ee\u65f6\u5927\u5927\u5730\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e86\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u8fbe\u7f57\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7adf\u5f88\u723d\u5feb\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4eba\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u7684\u786e\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5dde\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9080\u8bf7\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u7f6a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b97\u6848\u8868\u9762\u770b\u6765\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8d25\u8bc9\u4e86\uff0c\u88ab\u8f7b\u5224\u7f5a\u6b3e100\u5143\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5230\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u90a3100\u5143\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\u4e5f\u56e0\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u201d\uff08technicality\uff09\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u51c6\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80af\u5b9a\u4ecd\u5408\u4e4e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b97\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6781\u5c3d\u8ba5\u8bbd\u80fd\u4e8b\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u95e8\u80af\uff08H\uff0e\u3000<br \/>\nC\u3002\u3000Mencken\uff09\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ee5\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u821e\u53f0\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u754c\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u201c\u7334\u5b50\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5927\u80dc\u4e86\u4e00\u4ed7\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5e76\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8363\u30021920\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9986\u957f\u5965\u65af\u592a\uff08Henry\u3000Fairfield\u3000<br \/>\nOsbom\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\u4f5c\u4f9b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9f13\u5439\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e43\u4f9d\u9760\u5df2\u7ecf\u58f0\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\u3001\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3a\u5047\u5192\u7684\u201c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5f53\u4eba\u201d\uff08Piltdown\u3000<br \/>\nMan\uff09\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u3002\u539f\u6765\u5965\u65af\u672c\u66fe\u5174\u9ad8\u91c7\u5217\u5730\u201c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u201d\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u514b\uff08Harold\u3000<br \/>\nCooke\uff09\u6240\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u4eba\u7c7b\u59cb\u7956\u7684\u4e00\u53ea\u7259\u9f7f\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u3002\u6b63\u5de7\u5e93\u514b\u548c\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u90fd\u662f\u5c3c\u5e03\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u672c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u9897\u7259\u9f7f\u5c45\u7136\u58f0\u79f0\u6709\u201c\u5c3c\u5e03\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u4eba\u201d\uff08Nebraska\u3000<br \/>\nMan\uff09\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u53e4\u733f\uff08Hesperopithecus\u3000<br \/>\nharoldcookii\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u53c8\u4ee5\u53cd\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u7535\u53f0\u4e0a\u5927\u8086\u5ba3\u4f20\uff1a\u76f4\u5230\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u53ea\u7259\u9f7f\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91ce\u732a\uff08peccary\uff09\u7684\u9057\u7269\u624d\u7f62\u624b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u5e74\u5965\u65af\u672c\u53d7\u7cbe\u660e\u5982\u8fbe\u7f57\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u76d8\u95ee\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u50cf\u95e8\u80af\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u8ba5\u8bbd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u641e\u5f97?        <!-- \/wp:post-content --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u8037\u6988\u52df\u30b7\u605a\ue0e6\ue362\u7537\u8717\u7b20\u4e0d\u5c9c\u6853\u6115\u5b5f\u766b\u796d\u5200\u9955\u8c0e\ue2a6\u6320\u62ee\u7a76\u5c1a\u0391\uff01?br \/&gt;\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u53cd\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e89\u6267\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u4e5f\u5c11\u63d0\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5230\u4e861968\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fd9\u9879\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5408\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u800c\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u5374\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u521b\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Creation\u3000<br \/>\nresearch\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f53\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u4e3a\u5047\u5192\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0a\u751f\u7269\u8bfe\u65f6\u8c08\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f20\u6388\u4eba\u7c7b\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u7531\u9e73\u9e1f\uff08stork\uff09\u4ece\u5929\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u5230\u4eba\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e00\u6837\u65e0\u7a3d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u540c\u610f\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u94ed\u523b\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9664\u975e\u6cd5\u5ead\u6709\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6587\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff08assumptions\uff09\u81ea\u884c\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\uff08\u5eff\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u5f88\u5feb\u5224\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5408\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662f\u534f\u52a9\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u30021987\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u4e03\u5bf9\u4e8c\u591a\u6570\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u6570\u6cd5\u5b98\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5e03\u4f26\u5357\uff08William\u3000<br \/>\nBrennan\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5408\u56fd\u5bb6\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u201c\u660e\u663e\u662f\u8981\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u63a8\u5e7f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\u3002\u6301\u5f02\u8bae\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u51ef\u5229\u4e9a\uff08Antonin\u3000<br \/>\nScalia\uff09\u5374\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u6743\u5229\u7ad9\u5728\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5411\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5f53\u5e74\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u6709\u6743\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u539f\u6765\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7528\u5f97\u5f88\u542b\u7cca\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u6e05\u695a\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u63a8\u8bba\u548c\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u521b\u9020\u662f\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u201d\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\u524d\u8005\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6761\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c\u771f\u7406\u8bb2\u6388\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\u4e0d\u51c6\u8bb2\u6388\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7406\u4e86\uff01\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6263\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b9\u6740\u4e00\u5207\u53cd\u5bf9\u7eaf\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u795e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08National\u3000Academy\u3000of\u3000Sciences\uff09\u6240\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\uff08friend\u3000of\u3000<br \/>\nthe\u3000court\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8fa9\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u5907\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7eaf\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6545\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u201d\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u5730\u7403\u3001\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u9020\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9650\u5236\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u521b\u9020\u7684\u771f\u786e\u6027\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u6c61\u6bc1\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u521b\u9020\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u8c0b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u524a\u5f31\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u9762\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53cd\u9762\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed9\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u62e6\u963b\u4e3b\u5f20\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u51c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u9a73\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4e89\u53d6\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u5fc3\u60a6\u8bda\u670d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u795e\u7684\u786e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6253\u7740\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u65d7\u5b50\u201d\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5047\u5192\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7740\u624b\u3002\u6211\u7684\u957f\u5904\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u660e\u8fa8\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u8f9e\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d28\u7591\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8ba2\u4e0b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u51c6\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u627e\u5230\u590d\u6742\u751f\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u88ab\u4e00\u7b14\u52fe\u9500\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6cd5\u53ef\u4fdd\u8bc1\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u9519\u6f0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5c31\u5982\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7406\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u627e\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f6a\u72af\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6a\u540d\u5c31\u5f52\u88ab\u544a\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u88ab\u544a\u6839\u672c\u4e0e\u6848\u4ef6\u65e0\u5173\u4e5f\u8981\u62c5\u7f6a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u8981\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u559c\u7231\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u795e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5b87\u5b99\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f2\u76ee\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5173\u6000\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5f53\u4f5c\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u516c\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4e16\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fdb\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f01\u56fe\u5f81\u670d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0d\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u8981\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u771f\u7406\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\uff08Richard\u3000<br \/>\nDawkins\uff09\u662f\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7adf\u4e0d\u9690\u85cf\u5f88\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5408\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u4ed61966\u5e74\u6240\u5199\u300a\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u949f\u8868\u5320\u300b\uff08The\u3000<br \/>\nBlind\u3000Watchmaker\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8c08\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5acc\u5176\u70e6\u5730\u4e3a\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7406\u667a\u4e0a\u81ea\u6170\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u6bcf\u9022\u60f3\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u9006\u4e0d\u9053\u3001\u4e0d\u80af\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u6012\u6c14\u51b2\u5929\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u201c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edd\u5bf9\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u81ea\u79f0\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4eba\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u611a\u8822\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e2a\u75af\u5b50\u3002\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4e0d\u613f\u591a\u60f3\u5b83\u3002\uff09\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u6068\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u90fd\u8981\u8fdb\u75af\u4eba\u9662\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u610f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u6f14\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4ea7\u751f\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u3002\u6216\u8005\u6269\u5927\u5230\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u90e8\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u800c\u6765\u3002\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5728\u72ed\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6709\u53ef\u4fe1\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u5728\u6700\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u6b63\u662f1981\u5e74\u79d1\u6797\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\uff08Colin\u3000<br \/>\nPatterson\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u522b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8be5\u535a\u7269\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7b80\u4ecb\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u7b14\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u8bba\uff08\u5e76\u3000<br \/>\n\u975e\u3000\u79d1\u3000\u5b66\u3000\u521b\u3000\u9020\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bba\uff09\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9760\u4fe1\u5fc3\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6f14\u8bb2\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u5bf9\u672c\u7ae0\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u9996\u5148\u5411\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u95ee\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u5f88\u591a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f60\u4eec\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u90a3\u4e00\u6761\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6761\u2026\u2026\u662f\u4f60\u786e\u5b9e\u77e5\u9053\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u66fe\u95ee\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5730\u8d28\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u9759\u9ed8\u3002\u6211\u53c8\u95ee\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u542c\u4f17\uff0c\u5185\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u5f88\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u7b49\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u6c89\u5bc2\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1b\u201c\u6211\u786e\u77e5\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6559\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u90fd\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u540d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5b9e\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4f2a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08Pseudo\u2026knowledge\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u7531\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u795e\u600e\u6837\u521b\u9020\u4e07\u7269\u3002\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u521b\u9020\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u663e\u7136\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4eca\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u7591\u5e7f\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u9ad8\u8c03\u6108\u6765\u6108\u50cf\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u6e05\u695a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f53\u65f6\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u662f\u6545\u610f\u6311\u9017\u5f15\u4eba\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6000\u7591\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u5f53\u5929\u6f14\u8bb2\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u88ab\u8feb\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u8ba4\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u8ba9\u516c\u4f17\u8c08\u5224\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u7740\u4e00\u4ef6\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53eb\u5b83\u4f5c\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u9876\u201c\u5e3d\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u662f\u5426\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u5e3d\u5b50\u53eb\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u800c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5426\u786e\u77e5\uff0c\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u6837\u6765\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u6b27\u6587\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\uff08Irving\u3000<br \/>\nKristol\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7279\u957f\u662f\u8fa8\u8ba4\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u5206\u6790\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u9879\u5047\u8bbe\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7531\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u201c\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u201d\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u751f\u7269\u79cd\uff08species\uff09\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u79cd\u72d7\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u72d7\u9009\u914d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72d7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ecd\u6709\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u4ecd\u5c5e\u540c\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u3002\uff09\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u9760\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e00\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff08\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6000\u7591\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u9762\u4f20\u6388\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u5404\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u8bf4\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u3002\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4eba\u571f\u76f8\u5f53\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u6307\u8d23\u4e00\u822c\u5b66\u6821\u8bb2\u6388\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u6697\u85cf\u7740\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5229\u5203\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Stephen\u3000Jay\u3000<br \/>\nGould\uff09\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u610f\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a1980\u5e74\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5e7f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8bba\uff08Neo\u2026Darwinian\u3000<br \/>\nsynthesis\uff09\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u627f\u8ba41960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u66fe\u53d7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5408\u6210\u8bba\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u3002\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u8bba\u201c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e00\u5957\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f20\u6388\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u8bfe\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5df2\u6b7b\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f46\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5bf9\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u53eb\u6211\u8fd9\u95e8\u5916\u6c49\u4e00\u65f6\u66f4\u6478\u4e0d\u8457\u5934\u8111\uff01\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7adf\u7136\u5426\u8ba4\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u53c8\u5426\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e14\u575a\u6301\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u518d\u6b21\u8003\u8651\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e2a\u6ce1\u5f71\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u53ea\u7a7a\u53e3\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4ece\u9c7c\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684\u3003\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u201c\u9c7c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3003\uff08fish\u3000<br \/>\nstory\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u501f\u7528\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u5c06\u9c7c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u5b66\u8bf4\u624d\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u51e0\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u68c0\u9a8c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6709\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u9c7c\u7c7b\u600e\u6837\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u548c\u4eba\u733f\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u80dc\u4efb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u4e24\u4f4d\u90fd\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u3003\u7efc\u5408\u5404\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3003\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ad\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u5e7f\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u4e43\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3003\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\uff08rules\u3000<br \/>\nof\u3000scientific\u3000inquiry\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u6211\u7684\u8d44\u5386\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\uff08\u6559\u3000<br \/>\n\u6388\uff09\uff0c\u4e13\u957f\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba4\u8fa8\u8fa9\u8bba\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4f60\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u66f4\u8d34\u5207\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u903b\u8f91\u53bb\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u3010\u6ce8\u4e09\uff1a\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u59d4\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5199\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u300a\u7279\u521b\u8bba\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff08Science\u3000<br \/>\nand\u3000Creationism\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e03\u4f4d\u59d4\u5458\u4e2d\u6709\u56db\u4f4d\u662f\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u65f6\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u672a\u5fc5\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u5165\u94bb\u7814\u8f83\u7a84\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4e13\u957f\u4ee5\u5916\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e2a\u5e73\u51e1\u4eba\uff08layman\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8981\u6211\u627e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8d44\u6599\u5e76\u4e0d\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u548c\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08Thomas\u3000H\uff0e\u3000<br \/>\nhuxley\uff09\u4e3a\u666e\u53ca\u5927\u4f17\u5199\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e66\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5408\u6210\u8bba\u5927\u5e08\u5982\u591a\u5e03\u8d5e\u65af\u57fa\uff08Theodosius\u3000Dobzhansky\uff09\u3001\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\uff08George\u3000Gaylord\u3000<br \/>\nSimpson\uff09\u548c\u6731\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08Julian\u3000Huxley\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5982\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u3001\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\uff08Douglas\u3000<br \/>\nFutuyma\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u6536\u96c6\u5728\u6bcf\u7ae0\u4e66\u540e\u6240\u9644\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6458\u8bb0\u4e2d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\uff08Nature\uff09\u5468\u520a\u548c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff08Science\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u520a\u767b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4efd\u520a\u7269\u662f\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5589\u820c\u3002\u8f83\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\uff08New\u3000<br \/>\nScientist\uff09\u548c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u300b\uff08Scientific\u3000<br \/>\nAmerican\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5199\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5f88\u6709\u89c1\u5730\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6587\u732e\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u9886\u5148\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5de8\u5b50\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u767d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff08essential\u3000<br \/>\nevidence\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u54d1\u5df4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53ea\u6709\u9760\u63a8\u7406\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u7528\u63a8\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u67d0\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u3001\u67d0\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6211\u7279\u610f\u8981\u5bdf\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff08rules\u3000<br \/>\nof\u3000reasoning\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u4ee3\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u51e1\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u504f\u89c1\uff08bias\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u5404\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63a5\u53d7\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u6211\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u795e\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u886a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u3003\u65e0\u3003\u9020\u6210\u3003\u6709\u3003\uff1b\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u795e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u975e\u8981\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5e76\u65e0\u610f\u8ba8\u8bba\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8003\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8c28\u614e\u660e\u8fa8\u8bc1\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u504f\u89c1\u4f1a\u6b6a\u66f2\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6295\u5165\u4e86\uff08premitment\uff09\u5723\u7ecf\u539f\u6559\u81f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Biblical\u3000<br \/>\nfundamentalism\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u613f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u591a\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u8981\u660e\u5bdf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5426\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u6b63\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\uff1b\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u662f\u5426\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u76f8\u7684\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08fundamentalism\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08natural\u3000<br \/>\nprocess\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\u751f\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u5417\uff1f\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u7136\u65e0\u795e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff08\u795e\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff1f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\uff08non\u2026science\uff09\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a3d\u3001\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff08nonsense\uff09\u5417\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u96c6\u56e2\u5982\u6b64\u575a\u51b3\u5730\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u80c6\u6562\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b98\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\uff08doctrine\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u9519\u8c2c\u5417\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u591a\u6b21\u591a\u65b9\u88ab\u4eba\u4f20\u8bb2\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u8d56\u5c14\uff08Charles\u3000<br \/>\nLyell\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u5728\u730e\u72d7\u53f7\u8239\u4e0a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b0\u4e0a\u813e\u6c14\u66b4\u8e81\u7684\u8239\u957f\u83f2\u5179\u83b1Fitzroy\uff09\uff1b\u4ed6\u5728\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u52a0\u62c9\u5e15\u6208\u65af\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08Galapagos\u3000<br \/>\nIslands\uff09\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1b\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e74\u7d2f\u6708\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff08The\u3000Originof\u3000Species\uff09\u7a3f\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\uff08Russ\u3000<br \/>\nWallace\uff09\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u8868\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5306\u5fd9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ed8\u5370\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6781\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u9ad8\u594f\u51ef\u65cb\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u7cbe\u91c7\u3001\u6700\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u9898\u6750\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u503c\u5f97\u518d\u4e09\u590d\u8ff0\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u5199\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u6240\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e0d\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f53\u5e74\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u73b0\u4eca\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f53\u5e74\u66f4\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u8981\u66dd\u9732\u73b0\u4eca\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u70b9\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u6709\u4e09\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u3003\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u5e76\u975e\u6c38\u4e45\u4e0d\u53d8\u3003\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u7403\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e3a\u3003\u540e\u4ee3\u6e10\u53d8\u3003\uff08descent\u3000<br \/>\nwith\u3000<br \/>\nmodification\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u4e3b\u5f20\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u89e3\u91ca\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\uff08\u6216\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\uff09\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7c7b\u7684\u7956\u5148\u800c\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u9879\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u3003\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u3003\uff08survival\u3000<br \/>\nof\u3000the\u3000fittest\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u52a8\u529b\u5728\u751f\u7269\u754c\u7684\u529f\u6548\u795e\u5947\u3001\u5a01\u529b\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u521b\u9020\u8005\u4eb2\u624b\u5f15\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u3000\u672c\u7ae0\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e09\u9879\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u4e00\uff1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4ece\u672a\u575a\u6301\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u627f\u7ee7\u4ed6\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u4ed61859\u5e74\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u91cc\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u3001\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u4e14\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u57cb\u6028\u522b\u4eba\u8bef\u89e3\u4ed6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8bf4\u201c\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u770b\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u81ea\u52a8\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u3001\u5bcc\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u9762\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u89c1\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u5f53\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Stephen\u3000<br \/>\nJay\u3000Gould\uff09\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4f7f\u6279\u5224\u5927\u5408\u6210\uff08\u8fdb\u3000<br \/>\n\u5316\uff09\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u201d\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u90fd\u611f\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf7\u4f5c\u5fc3\u7406\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5f53\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u8bef\u89e3\u3001\u8bef\u4f20\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u5168\u76d8\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\uff0c\u8981\u8bc6\u7834\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b57\u7406\u884c\u95f4\u7684\u5de7\u8fa9\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5176\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\u4e0d\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u79cd\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08population\uff09\u4e2d\u9002\u5e94\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u5982\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u7f3a\u61be\uff0c\u975e\u6709\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u533b\u836f\u62a4\u7406\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u957f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9057\u7559\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5929\u62e9\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u65b9\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u8a00\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u5c45\u7136\u6709\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u4ebf\u4e07\u5e74\u95f4\u7adf\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u83cc\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5efa\u9020\u6210\u82b1\u3001\u6728\u3001\u9e1f\u3001\u517d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5947\u89c2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u771f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u63d0\u5021\u4e24\u9879\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u3003\u53d8\u5f02\u3003\uff08Variation\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e3a\u3003\u7a81\u53d8\u3003\uff08mutation\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3010\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff1a\u7a81\u53d8\u5728\u6b64\u7528\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u6cdb\u6307\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u9057\u4f20\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff08point\u3000<br \/>\nmutation\uff09\uff0c\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u500d\u589e\uff08chromosomal\u3000doubling\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u590d\u5236\u53ca\u91cd\u7ec4\uff08gene\u3000duplication\u3000and\u3000<br \/>\nrebination\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d8\u5f02\u662f\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u968f\u673a\u9047\uff08random\uff09\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u7ec6\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u673a\u5236\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5f15\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u9a71\u4f7f\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u624d\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002\u6b63\u7edf\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5374\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7edd\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f15\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5947\u529f\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7a81\u53d8\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u4e0a\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u7a81\u53d8\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u679c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u8981\u751f\u4e0b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u957f\u7684\u53ea\u5360\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u5b50\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u53ea\u80fd\u751f\u4e0b\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u6e10\u6e10\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u914d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f83\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u751f\u7269\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u597d\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u5730\u6e10\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e0d?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u6837\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u5730\u6e10\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5c31\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6781\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff08organs\uff09\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08adaptive\u3000<br \/>\nbehavior\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8005\u6765\u534f\u52a9\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5417\uff1f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7275\u5f3a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\uff08Douglas\u3000<br \/>\nFutuyma\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f53\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5199\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u53ea\u6709\u501f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u5de5\u6539\u8fdb\u7272\u755c\u53ca\u7a3c\u7a51\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9009\u79cd\u57f9\u80b2\u6bdb\u6700\u957f\u7684\u7f8a\uff0c\u751f\u86cb\u591a\u7684\u9e21\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u80b2\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\u6210\u5c31\u53ef\u89c2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u690d\u7269\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f7f\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u4e0e\u6700\u521d\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u54c1\u79cd\uff08wild\u3000<br \/>\nancestors\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4e0e\u76f8\u4f3c\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u79cd\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bc1\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9a97\u5c40\u3002\u6539\u826f\u52a8\u3001\u690d\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u53bb\u9009\u62e9\u80b2\u79cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u7cbe\u4e49\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6beb\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\uff08purposeless\uff09\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u667a\u6167\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08intelligent\u3000<br \/>\ndesign\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u5c45\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u8981\u70b9\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u90a3\u4e9b\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u5b9e\u5728\u6beb\u65e0\u6279\u5224\u7684\u773c\u5149\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u79cd\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u80b2\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f8a\u6216\u9e21\u6216\u9e3d\u5b50\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e5f\u5b58\u7740\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5230\u5e95\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u6781\u9650\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80b2\u79cd\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5bb6\u755c\u56de\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u8fd8\u8005\u90fd\u56de\u590d\u5230\u539f\u672c\u7684\u91ce\u79cd\uff08wild\u3000<br \/>\ntype\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u5929\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u6781\u7aef\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u80b2\u79cd\u5374\u5728\u9f13\u52b1\u53d8\u5f02\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4eba\u5de5\u80b2\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u663e\u793a\u6700\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u80b2\u79cd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5de5\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u79cd\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u65b0\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4ea4\u914d\u751f\u51fa\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u4ee5\u72d7\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72d7\u90fd\u5c5e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u5404\u79cd\u72d7\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6742\u4ea4\u751f\u80b2\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u56e0\u4f53\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u60ac\u6b8a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ea4\u914d\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u65af\uff08Pierre\u3000<br \/>\nGrasse\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u80b2\u79cd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5343\u5e74\u9009\u79cd\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5408\u80b2\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u79cd\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5316\u9a8c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u79cd\u72d7\u7684\u8840\u6e05\u3001\u8840\u7ea2\u7d20\u3001\u8840\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u548c\u53d7\u7cbe\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u90fd\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u72d7\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ecd\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u79cd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f7f\u72d7\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff08genome\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u5408\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u4f5c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u72d7\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u53d8\u6210\u8c61\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u52aa\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u72d7\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u72d7\u589e\u5927\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5927\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u72d7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u8c61\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cc\u9762\u7528\u679c\u8747\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u81f3\u4eca\u679c\u8747\u4ecd\u662f\u679c\u8747\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u690d\u7269\u6742\u4ea4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u771f\u6b63\u7b26\u5408\u65b0\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u690d\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u914d\u5408\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u79cd\uff0c\u8fa9\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u57f9\u80b2\u72d7\u7c7b\u5171\u6709\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5374\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u529b\u7684\u65c1\u8bc1\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u66fe\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u51e0\u767e\u79cd\u679c\u8747\u548c\u52a0\u62c9\u5e15\u6208\u65af\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u96c0\u9e1f\uff08Darwin&#8217;s\u3000<br \/>\nFinches\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u5de5\u80b2\u79cd\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u80b2\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u62b5\u6d88\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u6f2b\u957f\u5c81\u6708\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u5bf9\u8457\u540d\u7684\u679c\u8747\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53c8\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u3003\u679c\u8747\uff08Drosophila\u3000<br \/>\nmelanogaster\uff09\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u559c\u7231\u7684\u5ba0\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\uff08genotype\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u5f7b\u5e95\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u679c\u8747\u4ece\u4e98\u53e4\u81f3\u5982\u4eca\u7adf\u7136\u6beb\u65e0\u6539\u53d8\u3003\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u800d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u60f3\u800d\u7684\u628a\u620f\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65f6\u95f4\u4ecd\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5408\u7406\u3001\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u662f\u53d7\u57fa\u56e0\u5e93\uff08gene\u3000pool\uff0c\u3000\u6240\u3000\u6709\u3000\u57fa\u3000\u56e0\u3000\u5408\u3000<br \/>\n\u79f0\uff09\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82e5\u5e72\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7a81\u53d8\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\uff08spciation\uff09\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u679c\u8747\u5206\u5316\u5f00\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u83cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\u4e3a\u679c\u8747\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6765\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4eba\u7c7b\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u72d7\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bdd\u8bf4\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u8bc6\u7834\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u80b2\u79cd\u4f8b\u8bc1\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5df2\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9519\u8c2c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u627e\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u521b\u9020\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u8bae\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5148\u95ee\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u8981\uff01\u8bf4\u6765\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c45\u7136\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a00\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u771f\u786e\u6027\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u53cd\u590d\u65e0\u8c13\u4e4b\u91cd\u590d\u8bed\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f88\u591a\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u65e0\u8c13\u4e4b\u91cd\u590d\u8bed\u6216\u79f0\u8d58\u8ff0\uff08tautology\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u7528\u4e24\u53e5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\u91cd\u590d\u8ff0\u8bf4\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u9884\u6599\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5c06\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u6700\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f55\u8c13\u9002\u5e94\u5462\uff1f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u9057\u4e0b\u6700\u591a\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6700\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u8981\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u8d58\u8ff0\u7684\u610f\u5ff5\uff08\u89c2\u3000<br \/>\n\u70b9\uff09\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u61c2\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6311\u6218\u8005\u6076\u610f\u5f15\u8fdb\u6587\u732e\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u7531\u9ea6\u67cf\uff08Norman\u3000Macbeth\uff09\u6240\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u970d\u5c14\u4e39\uff08J\u3002B\u3002S\u3002\u3000Haldane\uff091935\u5e74\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d58\u8ff0\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d9\u8ff0\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u5bb3\u5904\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\uff08Ernst\u3000Mayr\uff091963\u5e74\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u7559\u4e0b\u6700\u591a\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u7167\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\uff08\u3000George\u3000Gaylord\u3000<br \/>\nSimpson\uff091964\u5e74\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u9002\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u751f\u80b2\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65b0\u79cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u786e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u611f\u89c9\u8d39\u89e3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0e\u5426\u8ddf\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6c14\u529b\u3001\u7f8e\u8c8c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u80b2\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u8d58\u8ff0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u624d\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6211\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53ea\u91ce\u9a6c\u8dd1\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5feb\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4f1a\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u4f20\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u624d\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9a6c\u8dd1\u5f97\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8dcc\u5012\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u53ea\u96cc\u9a6c\u8dd1\u5f97\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u96c4\u9a6c\u8feb\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5c82\u4e0d\u6210\u4e3a\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4f18\u70b9\u6216\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u98de\u7fd4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u7136\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5417\uff1f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u5374\u5047\u8bbe\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u9a71\u4f7f\u975e\u6d32\u9a6c\u5fb7\u62c9\u5c9b\uff08Madeira\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u7532\u866b\u5931\u53bb\u98de\u7fd4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u98ce\u7279\u522b\u731b\u70c8\uff0c\u4f1a\u98de\u7684\u6606\u866b\u53cd\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u98ce\u5439\u5230\u5927\u6d77\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8111\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u58f3\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u6027\u547d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8111\u5b50\u8d8a\u5927\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8d8a\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u72ec\u9738\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u600e\u6837\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6709\u5f0a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5c1a\u5b58\u7684\u733f\u7c7b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u5b50\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9003\u907f\u51cf\u79cd\u4e4b\u865e\uff0c\u5947\u602a\u5417\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u770b\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u731c\u60f3\u67d0\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5217\u5e95\u662f\u5229\u6216\u5f0a\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u4f18\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u770b\u7e41\u6b96\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u540e\u4ee3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u6700\u591a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e86\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\uff08Karl\u3000<br \/>\nPopper\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u5de7\u8fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u6734\u4f2f\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6124\u6012\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u800c\u64a4\u79bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u7406\u3002\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7533\u8fa9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8d39\u820d\uff08Fisher\uff09\u3001\u970d\u5c14\u4e39\u3001\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u7b49\u5f88\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3a\u4f8b\u603b\u7ed3\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u5468\uff0c\u6545\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\u751f\u4ea7\u6700\u591a\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff08\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d58\u8ff0\uff09\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6c83\u4e01\u987f\uff08C\u3002\u3000<br \/>\nH\u3002\u3000Waddington\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u503c\u5f97\u540e\u4eba\u4fdd\u5b58\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ca\u5076\u7136\u53d8\u5f02\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u8981\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7ec6\u5bdf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d58\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u524d\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u7528\u9057\u4e0b\u6700\u591a\u5b50\u5b59\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7559\u4e0b\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d58\u8ff0\u7edd\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b66\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\u5217\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u624d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u5177\u6709\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u80fd\u529b\u4f55\u7b49\u5389\u5bb3\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u53e3\u5f00\u6cb3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u5224\u8bed\uff0c\u662f1959\u5e74\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5728\u5ea7\u6240\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u544a\u8bc9\u6c83\u4e01\u987f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8d58\u8ff0\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u660e\u767d\u9c7c\u7c7b\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u751f\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7559\u4e0b\u6700\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u53d8\u6210\u8d58\u8ff0\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4eca\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4ece\u7fa4\u4f53\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff08population\u3000<br \/>\ngenetics\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u9610\u660e\u6781\u5fae\u5c0f\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u4e00\u7fa4\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4f18\u826f\u53d8\u5f02\u201d\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff08assumptions\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5b9e\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0d\u5c11\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\u3003\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3003\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u60f3\u50cf\u5177\u5f15\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u771f\u786e\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5916\u754c\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\uff08critics\uff09\u4e0d\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u6700\u65e0\u7a3d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8d58\u8ff0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6015\u88ab\u4eba\u8bc6\u7834\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u6734\u67cf\u7684\u6279\u5224\u53d7\u5927\u4f17\u6ce8\u76ee\u540e\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u624d\u6709\u8f6c\u673a\u3002\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u3000<br \/>\n\uff08creationists\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8c2c\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u9192\u609f\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5df2\u6df1\u53d7\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u540e\u6765\u518d\u88ab\u8d28\u95ee\u6709\u5173\u65e0\u8c13\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u8d58\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u786c\u7740\u5934\u76ae\u575a\u6307\u63a7\u65b9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e86\u89e3\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u65e0\u8c13\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u548c\u8d58\u8ff0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8c13\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8d58\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u6b64\u6401\u7b14\u7ed3\u675f\u672c\u7ae0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8bdd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8fdb\u6b64\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\uff08replicating\u3000<br \/>\nmacromolecule\uff09\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u65e2\u7136\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee5\u8d58\u8ff0\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8f83\u96be\u8bc6\u7834\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ba1\u67e5\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51e1\u53c2\u89c2\u8fc7\u82f1\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u89c1\u8fc7\u535a\u7269\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u624b\u518c\u653e\u5728\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u8fd9\u624b\u518c\u662f\u7531\u8457\u540d\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\uff08Colin\u3000<br \/>\nPatterson\uff09\u6240\u5199\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bba\u5230\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u63a8\u7406\u7684?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u540d\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\uff08Colin\u3000<br \/>\nPatterson\uff09\u6240\u5199\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bba\u5230\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\u3002\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u7e41\u6b96\uff08reproduce\uff09\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002\u3002\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\uff08hereditary\u3000variation\uff09\uff1b\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30003\u3002\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30004\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u6709\u5229\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u7269\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u9879\u547d\u9898\uff08theorem\uff09\u53ea\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u547d\u9898\u8fde\u751f\u7269\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u7a84\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u72b6\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u751f\u7269\u82e5\u7e41\u6b96\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8be5\u79cd\u5373\u5c06\u6e10\u6e10\u8d8b\u5411\u51cf\u4ea1\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u4e0d\u662f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff08stasis\uff09\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6240\u8c13\u3003\u6d3b\u5316\u77f3\u3003\uff08living\u3000<br \/>\nfossils\uff09\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u8ddf\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7956\u5148\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u522b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5ba3\u626c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u66f4\u5d07\u62dc\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5361\u65af\u5bc6\uff08A\u3002G\u3002\u3000<br \/>\nCairns\u2026Smith\uff09\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8c\u6bb5\u8bba\u6cd5\uff08\u6f14\u3000\u7ece\u3000\u6cd5\u3000syllogistic\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f53\u5e74\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u751f\u7269\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4f46\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u65f6\u5e38\u6216\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\uff08If\uff09\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7e41\u6b96\uff1b\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6709\u5076\u7136\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5f02\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9057\u4f20\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u70b9\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7e41\u6b96\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\uff1b\u53c8\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u4ee3\u6570\u76ee\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u80fd\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0b\u53bb\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u80b2\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u79cd\u65cf\u5e38\u5e38\u5f88\u6210\u529f\u5730\u62b5\u6297\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5386\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u9519\u5931\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u3003\u6709\u5229\u3003\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u6709\u5229\u3003\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5e76\u975e\u65e5\u5e38\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d8b\u5411\u6709\u5229\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u82e5\u5355\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7e41\u6b96\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u8682\u8681\u548c\u7ec6\u83cc\u90fd\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u3003\u6709\u5229\u3003\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u6539\u53d8\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8d8b\u5411\u51cf\u79cd\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u751f\u7269\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u7559\u4e0b\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u53ef\u89c1\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u3003\u6709\u5229\u3003\u53ea\u5229\u4e8e\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u5229\u4e8e\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u65e0\u5173\u3002\uff09\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u81f3\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u90d1\u91cd\u5730\u7814\u8ba8\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4eca\u5f88\u591a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\uff1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5468\u8be6\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\uff08\u518d\u3000<br \/>\n\u52a0\u3000\u4e0a\u3000\u9057\u3000\u4f20\u3000\u7a81\u3000\u53d8\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u521b\u9020\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u548c\u751f\u7269\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bc1\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u662f\u641c\u96c6\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u5e72\u5f97\u6700\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u521b\u9020\u7684\u529f\u6548\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u7ec6\u83cc\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u62b5\u6297\u4eba\u9020\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6606\u866b\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5bf9\u6740\u866b\u836f\u4ea7\u751f\u6297\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5fc5\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u4e9b\u6297\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n2\uff0e1898\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u573a\u66b4\u98ce\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u5c0f\u9e1f\u4e0d\u6b7b\u5219\u4f24\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u5fc3\u4eba\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u4e86136\u53ea\u53d7\u4f24\u7684\u9ebb\u96c0\uff0c\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u90a6\u666e\u65af\uff08Pumpus\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u8981\u8bf7\u4ed6\u7167\u987e\u4f24\u9e1f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u90a6\u666e\u65af\u7684\u5fc3\u80a0\u8f83\u786c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f24\u9e1f\u90fd\u6740\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u3002\u90a6\u666e\u65af\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u96c4\u6027\u9ebb\u96c0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f53\u683c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u96c4\u9e1f\u751f\u8fd8\u7387\u8981\u6bd4\u5c0f\u7684\u4e3a\u9ad8\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n3\u30021977\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u52a0\u62c9\u5e15\u6208\u65af\u7fa4\u5c9b\u9047\u4e0a\u65f1\u707e\uff0c\u5c9b\u4e0a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5c0f\u578b\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u690d\u7269\u5931\u6536\u3002\u800c\u9760\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u79cd\u5b50\u7ef4\u751f\u7684\u9e1f\u513f\u88ab\u8feb\u541e\u98df\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u7684\u5927\u79cd\u5b50\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f53\u578b\u5c0f\u3001\u98df\u5c0f\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u56e0\u98df\u5927\u79cd\u5b50\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u9e1f\u513f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f53\u683c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5634\u90e8\u90fd\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u589e\u5927\u3002\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u5f53\u65f6\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u590d\u539f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u513f\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\uff01\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3010\u6ce8\u4e09\uff1a\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5151\u73b0\u4e86\u30021987\u5e74\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u5468\u520a\uff08Nature\uff1b\u3000vol\u3002\u3000327\uff1b\u3000p51\uff09\u3000\u53d1\u3000\u8868\u3000\u4e86\u3000\u5409\u3000\u5e03\u3000\u65af\u3000\u53ca\u3000\u683c\u3000\u5170\u3000\u7279\u3000<br \/>\n\uff08Gibbs\u3000&amp;\u3000<br \/>\nGrant\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u3003\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u96c0\u9e1f\u4ea4\u66ff\u9009\u62e9\u3003\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f53\u683c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u96c0\u9e1f\u7ecf\u8fc71982\u20261983\u5e74\u591a\u96e8\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u7387\u6bd4\u5927\u578b\u7684\u96c0\u9e1f\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u4e861977\u20261982\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1a\u3003\u9e1f\u513f\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u5e72\u65f1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u7684\u786e\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0e\u673a\u9047\u53ca\u5076\u7136\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\uff08sickle\u3000cell\u3000<br \/>\nanemia\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6297\u759f\u75be\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\uff08allele\uff09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u759f\u75be\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7279\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4eba\u53c8\u5e38\u56e0\u8d2b\u8840\u65e9\u4ea1\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ece\u7236\u65b9\u6216\u6bcd\u65b9\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f46\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53c8\u662f\u3003\u4e00\u79cd\u6beb\u65e0\u7231\u5fc3\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u5c0f\u9f20\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u89c1\u5230\u6709\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u3003\u6cdb\u6ee5\u3003\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u4f53\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30006\uff0e\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u6c83\u5c14\uff08Kettlewell\uff09\u8457\u540d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u98de\u86fe\u5de5\u4e1a\u9ed1\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff08industrial\u3000<br \/>\nmelanism\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7164\u70df\u4f7f\u6811\u76ae\u53d8\u9ed1\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\uff08\u6216\u8f83\u6df1\u8272\uff09\u7684\u86fe\uff08metanic\u3000<br \/>\nmoth\uff09\u6e10\u6e10\u5360\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6355\u98df\u86fe\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u8f83\u96be\u5728\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u6811\u76ae\u4e0a\u6355\u6349\u9ed1\u86fe\u3002\u5f53\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u6811\u76ae\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u56de\u6d45\u8272\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6d45\u8272\u7684\u86fe\u91cd\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u6c83\u5c14\u5f88\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u86fe\u7684\u989c\u8272\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u6811\u76ae\u7684\u989c\u8272\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u5f88\u591a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u663e\u7136\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df1\u6d45\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u7684\u86fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u79cd\u7684\u5ef6\u957f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d45\u8272\u86fe\u5728\u6811\u76ae\u53d8\u9ed1\u7684\u5e74\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u6811\u76ae\u53c8\u56de\u590d\u6d45\u8272\u65f6\u3001\u9ed1\u86fe\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u706d\u79cd\u4e4b\u60a3\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u7684\u90a3\u7ae0\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f8b\u4e8e\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u600e\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5b54\u96c0\u7684\u5927\u5c3e\u6247\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u62ff\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516d\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u53ca\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n1\uff0e\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u836f\u529b\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u4f53\u578b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u9e1f\u6bd4\u5c0f\u9e1f\u5f3a\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u9ed1\u86fe\u6bd4\u767d\u86fe\u66f4\u53d7\u4f18\u5f85\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u836f\u7269\u654f\u611f\u7684\u7ec6\u8335\u3001\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u9e1f\uff0c\u548c\u6d45\u8272\u7684\u86fe\u7684\u786e\u6682\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n2\uff0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u3003\u8bc1\u636e\u3003\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u3001\u65b0\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6709\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u5df2\u3001\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u8d2b\u8840\u4e00\u4f8b\u53ea\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u706d\u3002\u4f53\u578b\u5927\u7684\u9e1f\u5728\u5927\u98ce\u548c\u5e72\u65f1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6bd4\u5c0f\u5c9b\u66f4\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ff9\u8c61\u63d0\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u56e0\u7d20\u600e\u6837\u9a71\u4f7f\u9e1f\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u9e1f\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u9e1f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u6b63\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u751a\u4e48\u9e1f\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5927\u5417\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u8ddf\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5199\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u672b\u6bb5\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6731\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08Julian\u3000Huxley\uff09\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3003\u3000\uff08evolution\u3000in\u3000<br \/>\naction\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5730\u533a\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u5e38\u5e38\u7ecf\u5386\u6570\u767e\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff01\u53ea\u56e0\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u6ce2\u52a8\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\uff08panchronic\u3000<br \/>\nspecies\uff09\uff08\u5982\u6d3b\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u7ef4\u3000\u6301\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u4e5f\u6beb\u65e0\u6539\u53d8\u3002\uff09\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u663e\u7136\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53cd\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u624d\u667a\u548c\u54c1\u683c\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u6211\u656c\u4f69\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1a\u5730\u533a\u6027\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5927\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u773c\u775b\u548c\u7fc5\u8180\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u5462\uff1f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u6c83\u5c14\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u98de\u86fe\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u8981\u7b49\u4e0a\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e73\u51e1\u3001\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7cbe\u7cb9\u5462\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\u51e1\u771f\u6b63\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u8ddf\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ddf\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u86fe\u548c\u767d\u86fe\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u806a\u660e\u624d\u667a\u7684\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u6c83\u5c14\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u8a00\u4e0d\u60ed\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08National\u3000Academy\u3000of\u3000<br \/>\nSciences\uff09\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u8bc1\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5355\u5355\u3003\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3003\uff08naturalistic\u3000<br \/>\nexplanations\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9760\u3003\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08supernatural\u3000<br \/>\nmeans\uff09\u3003\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u795e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u975e\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u751f\u7269\u5411\u590d\u6742\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u89c9\u6027\uff08consciousness\uff09\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4e3a\u4f55\u53d8\u5411\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8303\u7574\u4e2d\u627e\u5bfb\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3001\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u771f\u7406\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u8981\u94bb\u7814\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ea\u6709\u67e5\u95ee\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u4e0d\u3000<br \/>\n\u80fd\u3000\u89e3\u3000\u91ca\u3000\u7684\u3000\u96be\u3000<br \/>\n\u9898\uff09\u7740\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u8003\u9a8c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u9a8c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c3d\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08Thomas\u3000H\uff0e\u3000<br \/>\nHuxley\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u3003\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u6076\u72d7\u3003\uff0c\u5411\u6000\u7591\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6311\u6218\u6240\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u4ed6\u95ee\u7684\u96be\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u3003\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5462\uff1f\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5bfb\u95ee\u4e1d\u6beb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u5b89\u5fc3\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5219\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u6311\u5254\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u6000\u7591\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\uff0c\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6beb\u65e0\u5f02\u8bae\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6df7\u6dc6\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u79cd\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u7adf\u7136\u5bf9\u91cd\u590d\u8d58\u8ff0\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\u7684\u7a7a\u8a00\u6beb\u4e0d\u4e3a\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u5355\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7e41\u751f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u82df\u5ef6\u6b8b\u5598\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6b63\u9762\u53bb\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6d88\u6781\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a8\u7ffb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u53d8\u51fa\u6574\u5957\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u7406\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6d3b\u5316\u77f3\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u4eb2\u5df2\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u50cf\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u3003\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d7\u7275\u5236\u3003\uff08developmentalconstrains\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u5316\u77f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\uff01\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u65e2\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u7e41\u6b96\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u5f53\u6355\u98df\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5192\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u8b66\u544a\u540c\u7c7b\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u540c\u4f34\u5462\uff1f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u65e0\u79c1\u820d\u5df1\u8fdb\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4e9b\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u529f\u52b3\u5f52\u7ed9\u3003\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3003\uff08grou         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \uff1f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u65e0\u79c1\u820d\u5df1\u8fdb\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4e9b\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u529f\u52b3\u5f52\u7ed9\u3003\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3003\uff08group\u3000<br \/>\nselection\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u4e3a\u56fd\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u81ea\u613f\u727a\u7272\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u6bd4\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u5229\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u803b\u7b11\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\uff0c\u63a8\u5d07\u3003\u5bb6\u5c5e\u9009\u62e9\u3003\uff08kinship\u3000selection\uff09\u4e3a\u727a\u7272\u3000<br \/>\n\u7cbe\u795e\uff08altrusium\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b\u4ee3\u6216\u8fd1\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u727a\u7272\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u9047\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u63a8\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u5a01\u529b\u7684\u662f\u3003\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u591a\u6548\u6027\u3003\uff08pleiotropy\uff09\u3000<br \/>\n\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u53d8\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5229\u6216\u5bb3\u5c31\u8981\u770b\u603b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e86\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8054\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u529f\u6548\u5728\u4e4e\u9009\u62e9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u591a\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u5bb6\u65cf\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6216\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7ea6\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8c03\u6574\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fc1\u5c31\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5ba1\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e86\u3002\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u591a\u6548\u6027\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7406\u7531\u90e8\u8bf4\u4e0d\u901a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u7d22\u6027\u63a8\u7f6a\u4e8e\u3003\u673a\u9047\u3003\uff08chance\uff09\u4e86\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u5185\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u79cd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5316\u4e3a\u4e4c\u6709\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u6765\u3002\u3003\u4f46\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u53c8\u5de7\u8fa9\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff08mechanism\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u9644\u5c5e\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08sexual\u3000<br \/>\nselection\uff09\u2014\u2014\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u624b\u6cd5\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c45\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u987d\u6897\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u3002\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u53ea\u7b97\u5f97\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u4f46\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f53\u5e74\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\uff08\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u6765\u7531\u300b\uff08The\u3000<br \/>\nDescent\u3000of\u3000<br \/>\nMan\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\uff09\u5b54\u96c0\u8273\u4e3d\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u662f\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u662f\u96c4\u5b54\u96c0\u9003\u907f\u654c\u4eba\u65f6\u7684\u7d2f\u8d58\uff0c\u4f46\u96cc\u6027\u559c\u7231\u5b83\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u4f1a\u51cf\u77ed\u96c4\u6027\u5b54\u96c0\u7684\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u751f\u6b96\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u4ee5\u96cc\u5b54\u96c0\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u6027\u8da3\u5473\u4e3a\u602a\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4f4e\u7b49\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8ba9\u96cc\u6027\u72c2\u7231\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6740\u8eab\u4e4b\u60a3\u7684\u5f02\u6027\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96cc\u9e1f\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u5f02\u6027\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u722a\u5b50\u548c\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u53d1\u751f\u504f\u7231\u624d\u5bf9\uff01\u6216\u8bb8\u5bf9\u5b54\u96c0\u5c4f\u7684\u7231\u597d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6781\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u575a\u786c\u7684\u86cb\u58f3\u6709\u5173\u8fde\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5982\u6b64\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5173\u8fde\u5462\uff1f\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u5c45\u7136\u5ba3\u544a\uff1a\u5b54\u96c0\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5e94\u4ed8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u771f\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4f1a\u9020\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u53ea\u6ca1\u6709\u516d\u5c3a\u4e4b\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u3001\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8c79\u5403\u6389\u7684\u9e1f\u5417\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u516c\u3001\u6bcd\u5b54\u96c0\u90fd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5177\u5907\u4e30\u5bcc\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u795e\u6240\u7231\u597d\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u96c0\u662f\u3003\u6beb\u65e0\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3003\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u5bf9\u5b54\u96c0\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53cd\u95ee\u662f\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9632\u5b88\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u524d\u9898\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e00\u4f4d\u806a\u660e\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u65f6\u5374\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6731\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u66fe\u5199\u4e0b\uff1a\u3003\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6781\u5fae\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u98a0\u5012\u73b0\u8c61\uff08paradox\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u529f\u6548\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u4f1f\u5927\u3002\u3003\u5982\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u5fc5\u754f\u60e7\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u8bc1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u529f\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u6216\u6dd8\u6c70\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7a81\u53d8\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5229\u7684\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u6211\u8981\u8f6c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u5927\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u5927\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3003\u4e00\u8bcd\u6db5\u4e49\u6781\u5e7f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u970e\u65f6\u521b\u9020\u8bba\uff08Instantaneous\u3000<br \/>\ncreation\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u5bb6\u5404\u8bf4\u90fd\u53ef\u5305\u5bb9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u96be\u602a\u81ea\u53e4\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff08plausible\u3000<br \/>\nmechanism\uff09\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u9760\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u6216\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff08vital\u3000<br \/>\nforces\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u73b0\u65f6\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6349\u6478\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u975e\u5e38\u8c28\u614e\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u3003\u8df3\u8dc3\u6027\u3003\u3001\u7a81\u7136\u5927\u6b65\u8dc3\u8fdb\u7684\u3003\u5e9e\u53d8\u3003\uff08saltations\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u5373\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u79cd\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5e9e\u53d8\u5982\u4eca\u5e38\u79f0\u5168\u8eab\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\uff08systemic\u3000<br \/>\nmacromutations\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5145\u4efd\u7684\u7406\u7531\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u7531\u6781\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08parts\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u5df2\u591f\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u9760\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u540c\u6b65\u7a81\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7edd\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7528\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u8ff9\u3002\u518d\u6781\u7aef\u4e00\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u7279\u521b\u8bba\uff08special\u3000<br \/>\ncreation\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u522b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53ea\u86c7\u86cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b75\u5316\u51fa\u4e00\u53ea\u8001\u9f20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u5373\u65f6\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u7279\u521b\u8bba\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u5982\u773c\u775b\u6216\u7fc5\u8180\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u8ff9\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed9\u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u8d56\u5c14\uff08Charles\u3000<br \/>\nLyell\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u91cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a81\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5f97\u901a\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5f03\u4e4b\u5982\u7caa\u571f\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u90a3\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u5c31\u4e0d\u503c\u5206\u6587\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u521b\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u50cf\u8d56\u5c14\u5728\u5730\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u53ca\u5747\u53d8\u7684\uff08uniformitarian\uff09\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u65e5\u5e38\u53ef\u89c1\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6e10\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u575a\u6301\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08materialism\uff09\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u65e0\u6570\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u6216\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u552f\u7269\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u96c4\u8fa9\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u9760\u6781\u5ea6\u5fae\u5c0f\u5e76\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u6709\u5229\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u800c\u6210\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u51e0\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u638f\u7a7a\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u5c71\u8c37\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u4e5f\u53ef\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u5b66\u8bf4\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u795e\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u751f\u7269\u754c\u6709\u7a81\u7136\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u610f\u5ff5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\uff08Thomas\u3000H\uff0e\u3000<br \/>\nHuxley\uff09\u4ece\u8d77\u521d\u5c31\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u6761\u5f0f\u6b66\u65ad\u7684\uff08dogmatic\uff09\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u5c01\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8b66\u544a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7edd\u65e0\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\uff08natura\u3000non\u3000<br \/>\nfacit\u3000<br \/>\nsaltum\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u9677\u5165\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u3003\u5176\u5b9e\u8981\u60f3\u8fbe\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u786e\u6beb\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u5192\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u771f\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\uff08transitional\u3000<br \/>\nforms\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u652f\u4f4f\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7b54\u8fa9\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5f00\u59cb\u6398\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u4eba\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u85c9\u53e3\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u5c1a\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e00\u65f6\u672a\u6709\u5012\u53f0\u4e4b\u5371\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5668\u5b98\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f7c\u6b64\u914d\u5408\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u773c\u775b\u53ca\u7fc5\u8180\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u52a8\u7269\u53ca\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5230\u5e95\u3003\u6781\u5ea6\u5fae\u5c0f\uff08infinitesimally\u3000<br \/>\nsmall\uff09\u4e2a\u522b\u90fd\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u6709\u5229\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d2f\u79ef\u3003\u6210\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u5462\uff1f\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u89c6\u529b\u6216\u98de\u7fd4\u5982\u6b64\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u975e\u914d\u5408\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u90e8\u4efd\u540c\u65f6\u90e8\u7f72\u59a5\u5f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bd5\u60f3\u5982\u679c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e00\u4f4d\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u5bb6\u78b0\u5de7\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5176\u5b83\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u518d\u795e\u5947\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4e5f\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u5904\uff0c\u5fc5\u88ab\u5f03\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Stephen\u3000Jay\u3000<br \/>\nGould\uff09\u66fe\u81ea\u95ee\u3003\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u597d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e86\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff1f\u3003\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u773c\u775b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u53e6\u6709\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4e0e\u89c6\u529b\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\uff08Richard\u3000<br \/>\nDawkins\uff09\u56de\u5e94\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5177\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u670d\u775b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u90e8\u4efd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f5c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u4f5c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u89c6\u529b\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u89c6\u529b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u6211\u89c6\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u767e\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u89c6\u529b\u603b\u6bd4\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u3002\u767e\u4efd\u4e4b\u516d\u6bd4\u4e94\u597d\uff0c\u767e\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e03\u6bd4\u516d\u597d\uff0c\u4f59\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e10\u6e10\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bef\u5931\u5728\u4e8e\u3003\u767e\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3003\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u3003\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u89c6\u529b\u3003\u3002\u4e00\u53ea\u52a8\u7269\u8981\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u89c6\u529b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u914d\u5408\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u667a\u529b\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u89c6\u529b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7ee7\u7ee9\u590d\u8ff0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u773c\u775b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cc\u5173\u7684\u8c1c\uff08conundrum\uff09\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u773c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u6709\u4e9b\u80fd\u611f\u5149\u7684\u3003\u773c\u70b9\u3003\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5408\u6709\u611f\u5149\u8272\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u773c\u70b9\u957f\u5728\u5c0f\u676f\u72b6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u589e\u52a0\u65b9\u5411\u611f\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u9e66\u9e49\u87ba\uff08nautilus\uff09\u53ea\u6709\u7528\u5c0f\u5b54\u6210\u50cf\uff08pinhole\uff09\u7684\u773c\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6676\u4f53\uff08lens\uff09\u3002\u800c\u58a8\u9c7c\uff08\u8f6f\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f53\u3000\u7c7b\uff09\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\u53c8\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u4f59\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u4f3c\u6210\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u8fd9\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u773c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u773c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6e10\u6e10\u590d\u6742\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6240\u4ee5\u52a8\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u773c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u8fc8\u5c14\uff08Ernst\u3000<br \/>\nMayr\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u56db\u5341\u6b21\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u3003\u65e2\u7136\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5730\u8d8b\u540c\u5730\uff08convergently\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fdb\u5316\u771f\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u3003\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u773c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7adf\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u578b\u6001\u5462\uff1f\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u53d7\u9e66\u9e49\u87ba\u773c\u775b\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u6765\u6beb\u65e0\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56e0\u5b83\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u7f51\u819c\uff0c\u53ea\u7b49\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u4e00\uff1a\u653e\u4e0b\u773c\u775b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff08imperfections\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u773c\u775b\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u611f\u5149\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\u3003\u5012\u8f6c\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3003\uff08wired\u3000<br \/>\nbackwards\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5934\u8111\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7fc5\u8180\u5728\u6606\u866b\u3001\u9e1f\u7c7b\u53ca\u8759\u5e45\u8eab\u4e0a\u4ee5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002\u5f53\u90a3\u6781\u5fae\u5c0f\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u6709\u5229\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u624b\u6307\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5c0f\u5757\u7684\u8584\u76ae\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u52a8\u7269\u8df3\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\u8dcc\u5012\u65f6\u4e0d\u53d7\u4f24\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u96cf\u578b\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u6ed1\u7fd4\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6e10\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u98de\u7fd4\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e9b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u80a2\u6e10\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u8d8b\u5411\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u5229\u4e8e\u722c\u6811\u6216\u638c\u63e1\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u52a8\u7269\u906d\u9047\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u767b\u987f\uff08Denton\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff1a\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff08Evolution\uff1a\u3000A\u3000Theory\u3000in\u3000<br \/>\nCrisis\uff09\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u7cbe\u91c7\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u7528\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7fc5\u8180\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8d28\u7591\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u767b\u987f\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u5199\u7528\u4ee5\u98de\u7fd4\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6784\u9020\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u6bdb\u4e0e\u6bdb\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fde\u9501\u7684\u5c0f\u94a9\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6696\u7684\u7ed2\u6bdb\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7fbd\u6bdb\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u4ece\u722c\u866b\u7684\u9cde\u7247\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8c01\u80fd\u60f3\u50cf\u9cde\u7247\u548c\u7fbd\u6bdb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u80ba\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u60f3         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7fbd\u6bdb\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u4ece\u722c\u866b\u7684\u9cde\u7247\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8c01\u80fd\u60f3\u50cf\u9cde\u7247\u548c\u7fbd\u6bdb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u80ba\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u7956\u5148\u66f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u767b\u987f\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u6e10\u8fdb\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u771f\u80fd\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7275\u6d89\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u3002\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u8759\u8760\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u5728\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u3002\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7fc5\u8180\u548c\u773c\u775b\u53ef\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u771f\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u3003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u4e2d\u3001&#8217;\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837&#8217;\u5c31\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u3003\u4f60\u7591\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5462\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5409\u666e\u6797\u3010\u6ce8\uff1aJ\u3002R\u3002Kipling\u3000<br \/>\n1865\u20261963\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u3011\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\u6545\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u65e0\u6570\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b8c\u5168\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u3003\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5fb7\u88d4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u66a8\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6267\u6559\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u67cf\u514b\u83b1\u5206\u6821\u7684\u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\uff08Richard\u3000<br \/>\nGoldschmidt\uff09\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u4e0b\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u5411\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6bdb\u53d1\u5230\u8840\u7ea2\u7d20\uff08hemoglobin\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u6e10\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u683c\u62c9\u65af\uff08Pierre\u3000<br \/>\nGrasse\uff09\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4f46\u8ddf\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7531\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u65e0\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u6781\u7f55\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u610f\u5916\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u3003\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3003\uff08hopeful\u3000<br \/>\nmonster\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u79cd\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u5e76\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\uff08\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u914d\u5076\u53c8\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\uff09\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5411\u8fd9\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u65bd\u5c3d\u8ba5\u8bbd\u7684\u80fd\u4e8b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u75af\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f53\u6211\u4f5c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f6a\u72af\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u3003\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f15\u7528\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\uff08George\u3000<br \/>\nOrwell\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a1984\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u63cf\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u3003\u7528\u4e24\u5206\u949f\u53bb&#8217;\u53cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u827e\u66fc\u52aa\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u65bd\u6cf0\u56e0\uff08Emmanuel\u3000<br \/>\nGoldstein\uff09\u3003\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u6765\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u3002\u5145\u6ee1\u6bd2\u6068\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u62b1\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba5\u7b11\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u5374\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u771f\u7684\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u3001\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b49\u4e8e\u9f13\u5439\u795e\u8ff9\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u7a81\u53d8\u516c\u8ba4\u662f\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u91cc\u9762\u9057\u4f20\u8baf\u606f\u65f6\u5076\u7136\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u6837\u9760\u5076\u7136\u673a\u9047\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u809d\u810f\u6216\u80be\u810f\u90a3\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u63d0\u8bae\u6539\u826f\u624b\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u53ea\u65e7\u624b\u8868\u6254\u5411\u77f3\u5899\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u5c81\u6708\u3001\u9010\u6e10\u7d2f\u79ef\u5fae\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6781\u7aef\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9519\u8c2c\uff08fallacy\uff09\u3002\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bc1\u660e\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u4e08\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u62e5\u62a4\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e0e\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u65f6\u5e38\u5c0f\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d4b\u5ea6\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u9898\uff08premise\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u8fa8\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u53d8\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u5bb3\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0f\u5230\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff08\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u6b21\uff1f\uff09\u9002\u5408\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\u53ca\u65b0\u79cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u51e0\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u8981\u770b\u6709\u5229\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u603b\u6570\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65f6\u3001\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u529f\u6548\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u6301\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6052\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\uff01\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u5728\u5316\u77f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u5185\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u975e\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u4e00\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6bd4\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u66f4\u5927\u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u786e\u4f5c\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u8896\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u30021967\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d39\u57ce\u5a01\u65af\u5854\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Wistar\u3000<br \/>\nInstitute\uff09\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u975e\u5e38\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u62ec\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u56de\u5e94\u6240\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4c\u5170\uff08D\uff0e\u3000S\uff0e\u3000<br \/>\nUlam\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u773c\u775b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u7d2f\u79ef\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u9650\u53c8\u592a\u77ed\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u6885\u8fbe\u6c83\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000Peter\u3000Medawar\uff09\u548c\u6c83\u4e01\u987f\uff08C\uff0e\u3000<br \/>\nH\uff0e\u3000Waddington\uff09\u56de\u5e94\u5c45\u7136\u6307\u8d23\u4e4c\u5170\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u773c\u775b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\uff08Ernst\u3000<br \/>\nMayr\uff09\u5206\u6790\u4e4c\u5170\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u80fd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u53ea\u8981\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u4e00\u4e0b\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5b89\u7136\u65e0\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u597d\u50cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c3d\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u901a\u60c5\u8fbe\u7406\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e4c\u5170\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u597d\u50cf\u8bc1\u660e\u5730\u5fc3\u5438\u529b\u592a\u5f31\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u8981\u6f02\u6d6e\u5230\u592a\u7a7a\u53bb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u8ba9\u8ba9\u5916\u4eba\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u8212\u66fe\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\uff08Schutzenberger\uff09\u53d1\u8a00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e89\u8bba\u8fbe\u5230\u767d\u70ed\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5c1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7f3a\u53e3\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f1d\u5408\u7684\u3002\u3003\u6c83\u4e01\u987f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u5f15\u81f4\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6545\u53cd\u5507\u76f8\u8ba5\uff1a\u3003\u4f60\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7531\u7279\u522b\u521b\u9020\u6765\u7684\u3002\u3003\u8212\u66fe\u8d1d\u5c14\u683c\uff08\u548c\u542c\u4f17\u4e2d\u65e0\u540d\u6c0f\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u540c\u65f6\uff09\u5927\u58f0\u8bf4\u3003\u4e0d\uff01\u3003\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u4e0e\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u592a\u5927\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u4eba\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u77ed\u5904\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb71980\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u3003\u65b0\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u5b66\u8bf4\u3003\u548c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3003\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u602a\u7269\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u3003\uff08The\u3000<br \/>\nReturn\u3000of\u3000Hopeful\u3000<br \/>\nMonster\uff09\u66fe\u4f5c\u878d\u5408\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5e0c\u671b\u3003\u9a6f\u5316\u3003\u90a3\u602a\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u7ffb\u8eab\u3002\u5e76\u8bf4\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u7684\u539f\u610f\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u65b0\u7269\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5b8c\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u5730\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u3003\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u7684\u539f\u610f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u3003\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7cbe\u7cb9\u8c03\u548c\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6539\u53d8\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u957f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u540c\u7c7b\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u8c10\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u8fd9\u8f83\u5927\u6709\u5229\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u85c9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u672a\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5f62\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u65e2\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u5c1a\u9700\u4e00\u5927\u7cfb\u5217\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5faa\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u6e10\u6b21\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u636e\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8bd5\u60f3\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u60f3\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u3003\u53d1\u660e\u3003\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5408\u7406\u2014\u2014\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u3001\u6709\u5b8c\u5584\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u592a\u56f0\u96be\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u59cb\u7ec8\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u63a5\u53d7\u3003\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u95f4\u65ad\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3003\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\u7684\uff08\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u8bf4\u7684\uff09\u7a81\u53d8\u662f\u6307\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8c03\u8282\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u3003\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u5b66\u4e0a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7d2f\u79ef\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4f53\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3003\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5f02\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u6b64\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u300b\uff08Paleobiology\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5ba3\u8a00\u5bf9\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u7684\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5ba3\u5e03\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8bba\u7b80\u76f4\u6b7b\u4e86\uff08effective\u3000<br \/>\ndeath\u3000of\u3000neo\u2026Darwinian\u3000<br \/>\nsynthesis\uff09\uff01\u5728\u6b7b\u4e86\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u9ad8\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u3003\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u5f62\u6210\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5178\u8303\u3003\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u3003\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u2026\u2026\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u8fdb\u5316\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u8fc8\u5411\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u53d8\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u5355\u7d2f\u79ef\u5c0f\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u3003\u81f3\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5426\u5b9a\u4fe1\u8d56\u3003\u8df3\u8dc3\u6027\u7684\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3003\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\u3003\u6700\u5173\u952e\u6027\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\u3003\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u52aa\u529b\u8c03\u548c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u3003\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3003\u6682\u65f6\u590d\u82cf\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u4e45\u53c8\u70df\u6d88\u4e91\u6563\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4eca\u6700\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8fc8\u5c14\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6307\u8d23\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6545\u610f\u5ffd\u7565\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u9f13\u5439\u90a3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5185\u8fc5\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b8c\u5168\u8bef\u89e3\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u8fc8\u5c14\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u3003\u5176\u5b9e\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u91cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u8fd9\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u8d5e\u540c\u5e76\u53c8\u5f15\u7528\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u6b23\u5fb7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\uff08Otto\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\nlocation\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6bd4\u55bb\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53cd\u6210\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff08\u9020\u3000\u8868\u3000<br \/>\n\u8005\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u53ea\u8759\u8760\uff0c\u5b83\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u751f\u7269\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u786e\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u521b\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u8759\u5e45\u7684\u58f0\u7eb3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u56de\u58f0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4f55\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u771f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u53bb\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u9053\u91d1\u65af?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u81f4\u6210\u957f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bd5\u60f3\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u679c\u80fd\u5c06\u9c7c\u7c7b\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u9c7c\u7c7b\u53d1\u80b2\u4e3a\u4e24\u6816\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9057\u4f20\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u51ef\u65cb\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e24\u6816\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4ece\u9c7c\u7c7b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u9c7c\u7c7b\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u611f\u5230\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5b89\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4e5f\u597d\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u4e5f\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6\u53bb\u62e5\u62a4\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u660e\u77e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4e5f\u63d0\u4e0d\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u65f6\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u6837\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u660e\u7684&#8217;\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20&#8217;\uff08internal\u3000<br \/>\nfactors\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\uff09\u3003\u3002\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u6df1\u77e5\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u4f1a\u3003\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u591a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u731c\u7591\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53ec\u56de\u5f53\u5e74\u751f\u673a\u8bba\uff08vitalism\uff09\u7684\u9b3c\u9b42\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u5f15\u5bfc\u751f\u7269\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u529b\u91cf\u2026\u2026\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u5426\u8ba4\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u673a\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u7591\u5fc3\u65e2\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53d8\u9b54\u672f\u4e5f\u53d8\u4e0d\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u5426\u8ba4\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u9762\u4e34\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5373\u5c06\u8d25\u4ea1\u7684\u98ce\u96e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7ad9\u6b63\u7edf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6e10\u8fdb\u8bba\uff08gradualism\uff09\u4e00\u65e6\u56e0\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u800c\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fdb\u5316\uff08\u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\u65bd\u7c73\u7279\u548c\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u6000\u7591\u8fc7\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5df2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5931\u6389\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3003\u7406\u8bba\u3003\u3002\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8511\u89c6\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u521b\u9020\u8005\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u6216\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u50cf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u6301\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5408\u6210\u8bba\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8c08\u8bba\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u96be\u9898\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5927\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff08\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u754c\u3001\u95e8\u3001\u7eb2\u3001\u76ee\uff09\u5404\u6709\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5404\u5927\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6781\u5c11\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\uff08intermediate\u3000<br \/>\ntypes\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u73af\u8282\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5462\uff1f\u5fe0\u5fc3\u652f\u6301\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u800c\u70e6\u607c\u3002\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u79c1\u4e0b\u8b66\u544a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7b26\u5408\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5927\u6b65\u4f10\u3001\u8dc3\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u95ee\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u501f\u7740\u96be\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5230\u5904\u627e\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u627e\u5230\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u79cd\u7c7b\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u96be\u5206\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u867d\u7136\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u53cd\u5bf9\u5927\u6b65\u4f10\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u4ee5\u540e\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5927\u5927\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u5728\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\uff08Archaeopteryx\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u51e0\u9879\u7c7b\u4f3c\u722c\u866b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u9e1f\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5168\u5957\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u627e\u5316\u77f3\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f20\u51fa\u3002\u5148\u662f\u8bf4\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u59cb\u7956\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6709\u50cf\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u722c\u866b\u548c\u4e00\u5957\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u6574\u65e0\u7f3a\u9a6c\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u76d6\u6d1b\u5fb7\u00b7\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u5c06\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7eb3\u5165\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5408\u6210\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u5ba3\u544a\u5316\u77f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5ba3\u8a00\u5386\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f20\u6388\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u30021980\u5e74\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u65b0\u3001\u6700\u6709\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u7684\u8bfe\u672c\u3003\u4e5f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u5408\u6210\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5e7f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff08macroevolution\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0a\u8f83\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff08microevolution\uff09\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5462\uff1f\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u672c\u4e8e\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u79ef\u7d2f\u50cf\u9e1f\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u7d2b\u7ea2\u773c\u775b\u7b49\u57fa\u56e0\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b54\u6848\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff01\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u2026\u2026\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf4\u660e\u5e7f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5f88\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u6162\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u524d\u4f8b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u53d6\u4ee3\u51e0\u767e\u5230\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5f15\u8ff0\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff01\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u3001\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u53ca\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u5229\u5df2\u7ecf\u64b0\u6587\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u3003\u95f4\u65ad\u5e73\u8861\u3003\uff08punctuated\u3000<br \/>\nequilibrium\uff09\uff08\u8511\u89c6\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u5b83punkeek\uff0c\u5e9f\u7269\u4e4b\u610f\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5730\u5c42\u957f\u8fdc\u800c\u53c8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca1859\u5e74\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u5305\u6db5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n1\u3002\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u9000\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u591a\u6570\u7269\u79cd\u5728\u5730\u5c42\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u6d88\u706d\u65f6\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5916\u5f62\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u4e5f\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u79cd\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u59cb\u7956\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u3003\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u3003\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8981\u610f\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e10\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u73af\u8282\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5730\u5c42\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u3003\u597d\u50cf\u3003\u7a81\u7136\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5316\u77f3\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u4e09\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u56e0\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u3003\u827e\u8fea\u7231\u5361\u52a8\u7269\u3003\uff08Ediacarans\uff09\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u660e\u800c\u53d7\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u8d28\u67d4\u8f6f\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d45\u6d77\u7684\u65e0\u810a\u690e\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u5728\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5ca9\u5c42\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u8d5b\u62c9\u8d6b\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u3003\u827e\u8fea\u7231\u5361\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\uff08Ediacarans\u3000<br \/>\nfauna\uff09\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u827e\u8fea\u7231\u5361\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u9020\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b58\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u3003\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c1\u89e3\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u827e\u8fea\u7231\u5361\u52a8\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c89\u788e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6f\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u7956\u5148\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5316\u77f3\u3001\u6545\u65e0\u8e2a\u5f71\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u53e4\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4f53\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5c11\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6e10\u6e10\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfb\u8005\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u8981\u5f52\u4e8e\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u4e2d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5316\u77f3\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\u300a\u5947\u5999\u7684\u751f\u547d?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6e10\u6e10\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfb\u8005\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u8981\u5f52\u4e8e\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u4e2d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5316\u77f3\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\u300a\u5947\u5999\u7684\u751f\u547d\u300b\uff08Wonderful\u3000<br \/>\nLife\uff09\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u73b0\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u5316\u77f3\u3001\u5e76\u9996\u5148\u4f5c\u5206\u7c7b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u79d1\u7279\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5316\u77f3\u3003\u585e\u8fdb\u3003\u4ee5\u5f80\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0a\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6846\u6846\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u504f\u5411\u3003\u5047\u8c61\u5b66\u8bf4\u3003\uff08artifact\u3000<br \/>\ntheory\uff09\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n100\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u7f3a\u4e4f\u59cb\u7956\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5047\u8c61\u5b66\u8bf4\uff08\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5df2\u6709\u751f\u7269\u59cb\u7956\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9057\u4e0b\u5316\u77f3\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u3003\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\u5b66\u8bf4\u3003\uff08fast\u3000<br \/>\ntransition\u3000<br \/>\ntheory\uff09\uff08\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u59cb\u7956\u7269\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u65e0\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u59cb\u7956\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u4e4b\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6240\u6709\u5404\u7c7b\u578b\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8dc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u5e84\u4e25\u7a33\u91cd\u6b65\u4f10\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6700\u8fd1\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u670915\u202620\u79cd\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u8be5\u5f52\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u52a8\u7269\u3003\u95e8\u3003\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u540c\u6837\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u79cd\u6216\u53ef\u5f52\u5165\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u4f53\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u59cb\u6e90\u6982\u89c2\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u4f53\u578b\u52a8\u7269\u7a81\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u671f\uff08\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\uff09\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u7531\u59cb\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5c5e\u540c\u6837\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u90fd\u9650\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5404\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u600e\u6837\u6765\u7684\uff1f\u5168\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e3a\u3003\u5047\u8c61\u5b66\u8bf4\u3003\u6572\u4e86\u4e27\u949f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u7a81\u7136\u9020\u51fa\u5341\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53c8\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6d88\u706d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e\u5b58\u7559\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u9700\u5728\u524d\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u7559\u4e0b\u6f2b\u957f\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u5bb6\u8c31\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u4f2f\u57fa\u65af\u9875\u5ca9\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\u5b66\u8bf4\u6240\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u5728\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u7528\u6700\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u76f4\u63a5\u7a81\u53d8\u51fa25\u202650\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u66ff\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u50cf\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u5199\u7684\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3003\u662f\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u6240\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u79f0\u4e3a\u3003\u4e0d\u65ad\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u5706\u9525\u3003\uff08cone\u3000<br \/>\nof\u3000increasing\u3000<br \/>\ndiversity\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u6700\u5c11\u6570\u3001\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u79cd\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5341\u591a\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f53\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7531\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5706\u9525\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e\u7a81\u7136\u53c8\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c1a\u672a\u66b4\u9732\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5fc5\u7136\u4ecd\u6000\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u7740\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u5462\uff01\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u751f\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u8ddf\u7740\u662f\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6b63\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8bf4\u6240\u9884\u671f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u751f\u7269\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u3002\u5730\u7403\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u6b21\u7269\u79cd\u5927\u91cf\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4f55\u5728\u4ecd\u5728\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u5927\u707e\u96be\u7279\u522b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u5927\u7ea62\u300245\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e8c\u53e0\u7eaa\u5927\u707e\u96be\uff08Permian\u3000<br \/>\nextinction\uff09\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u534a\u6570\u65e0\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u3003\u79d1\u3003\uff08Family\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc790\uff05\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u79cd\u4e00\u3000<br \/>\n\u540c\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u3003K\u2026T\u3003\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u90a3\u5927\u7ea6\u662f6500\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u767d\u57a9\u7eaa\u7684\u672b\u53f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6050\u9f99\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u90fd\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u627f\u8ba4\u3003\u7a81\u7136\u5947\u5999\u5730\u3003\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u83ca\u77f3\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u636e\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3003\u5927\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3003\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f4e\u4f30\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u3003\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u8d8b\u5411\u8fde\u7eed\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u89c6\u5927\u91cf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u3002\u3003\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u5927\u707e\u96be\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u5ba3\u79f0\u5927\u91cf\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u66f4\u7a81\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5173\u4e8e\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u65b0\u4e89\u8bba\u5f88\u5feb\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4eca\u5929\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u732e\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a\u9648\u65e7\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cdf\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5949\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u607c\u6012\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u65e9\u5df2\u4e00\u89c8\u65e0\u9057\u4e86\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bc4\u8ff0\u5bb6\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7ec6\u5bdf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u7279\u521b\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u8bf4\u4eba\u662f\u7528\u6ce5\u571f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u3002\u4ece\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u65b0\u79cd\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u65e0\u53d8\u6709\u3002\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u3003\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u9996\u5148\u6307\u79f0\u7684\uff1a\u5783\u573e\uff01\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u90fd\u5f88\u660e\u767d\u7740\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff09\u867d\u7136\u6697\u793a\u6709\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u540e\u8def\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u64a4\u56de\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53c8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u66f4\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6784\u67b6\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u91cd\u4f30\u6574\u4e2a\u6784\u67b6\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u7edd\u5bf9\u786e\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u771f\u662f\u4ece\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u751f\u7269\u5f00\u59cb\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u8fdb\u5316\u4e43\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u8fdb\u5316\u4e43\u4e8b\u5b9e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8d2f\u8054\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u662f\u4ece\u540e\u4ee3\u53d8\u5f02\u800c\u6765\uff08descent\u3000<br \/>\nwith\u3000modification\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u7531\u8fdb\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u751f\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u8ddf\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u52a8\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u5f52\u5165\u754c\u3001\u95e8\u3001\u7eb2\u3001\u76ee\u3001\u79d1\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u8868\u9762\u5316\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u9cb8\u9c7c\u3001\u4f01\u9e45\u3001\u548c\u9ca8\u9c7c\u90fd\u7eb3\u5165\u6c34\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3001\u8759\u8760\u548c\u871c\u8702\u5219\u5c5e\u98de\u7fd4\u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9e1f\u3001\u8759\u8760\u3001\u548c\u871c\u8702\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u9020\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u7fc5\u8180\u9664\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u98de\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8759\u8760\u548c\u9cb8\u9c7c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u9a6c\u548c\u7334\u5b50\u540c\u5f52\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5dee\u522b\uff09\u3002\u800c\u871c\u8702\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7406\u5f53\u5f52\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u6606\u866b\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u524d\u540e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u5c06\u52a8\u7269\u585e\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5c31\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u53d1\u73b0\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u9cb8\u9c7c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8c61\u9c7c\u7c7b\uff0c\u8759\u8760\u8c61\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\uff08essence\uff09\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08type\uff09\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f1a\u98de\u7684\u3001\u4f1a\u6e38\u6cf3\u548c\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u8dd1\u7684\u9e1f\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90e8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7fa4\u4e2d\u90e8\u4e00\u6837\u9002\u7528\uff1a\u5723\u4f2f\u7eb3\u72d7\uff08St\u3002\u3000<br \/>\nBernards\uff09\u53ca\u5317\u4eac\u72d7\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u72d7\u3002\u5c0f\u9ebb\u96c0\u8ddf\u5927\u8c61\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Essentialism\uff09\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u54f2\u5b66\uff08Platonic\u3000<br \/>\nPhilosophy\uff09\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u8bba\u8005\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u5316\u77f3\u624d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5178\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u6807\u672c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6b63\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0d\uff0d\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u84dd\u56fe\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u578b\u201d\uff08Archetype\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u578b\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0d\uff0d\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u754c\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u8fd8\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u63a8\u8bf4\uff1a\u5982\u4eca\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5404\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u53e4\u4ee3\uff08\u65e9\u5c31\u706d\u79cd\u4e86\uff09\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7956\u5148\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u8f83\u8fd1\uff1b\u800c\u6240\u6709\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u5171\u6709\u7956\u5148\u5e74\u4ee3\u5219\u8f83\u8fdc\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u5c31\u66f4\u53e4\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u7956\u5148\u4e0e\u540e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u4e32\u5904\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff08\u7528\u706d\u79cd\uff09\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u5982\u6b64\u5927\uff0d\uff0d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u522b\u4e4b\u5927\uff0d\uff0d\u53ea\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u53e4\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u5168\u90e8\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u8fde\u6700\u521d\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u7956\u5148\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u7528\u201c\u540e\u4ee3\u53d8\u5f02\u800c\u6765\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u5173\u8fde\uff0c\u4f7f\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u6301\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u540c\u5c5e\u4e00\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\uff08Homologies\u540c\u6e90\u73b0\u8c61\uff09\u6709\u5173\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u65e0\u5173\uff08analogies\u540c\u529f\u5668\u5b98\uff09\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7956\u5148\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u5668\u5b98\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5374\u662f\u56e0\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u4e0a\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6e38\u6cf3\u6216\u98de\u7fd4\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6240\u6709\u2026\u2026\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u90fd\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u2026\u2026\u53ea\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5efa\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u8868\u660e\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u9057\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u6cbf\u9769\u4e86\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u661f\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ece\u9057\u4f20\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5ba3\u544a\u4ec0\u4e48\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u7167\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u751f\u7269\u4ece\u53d8\u5f02\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8d58\u8ff0\u3001\u6216\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u5de7\u8fa9\u66f4\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u548c\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5316\u77f3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u54c1\u79cd\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7956\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7740\u81ea\u7136\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u6210\u9ca8\u9c7c\u3001\u9752\u86d9\u3001\u86c7\uff0c\u4f01\u9e45\u548c\u7334\u5b50\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u8bba\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u5462\uff1f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u68c0\u70b9\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fa9\u79f0\u795e\u53ea\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u201d\uff08basic\u3000<br \/>\nkinds\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u4f5c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0f\u72ee\u5b50\u72d7\u548c\u5927\u4e39\u72d7\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u72d7\u7c7b\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u86fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u72d7\u53d8\u6210\u732b\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u7334\u5b50\u53d8\u6210\u4eba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3010\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ee5\u6253\u51fb\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f0a\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u592b\uff08Isaac\u3000Asimov\uff09884\u9875\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b0\u5411\u5bfc\u300b\uff08New\u3000<br \/>\nGuide\u3000to\u3000<br \/>\nScience\uff09\u4e2d\u6709\u534a\u9875\u8ff0\u8bf4\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u98de\u86fe\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u4e09\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u7528\u6765\u6253\u51fb\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5f53\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u5b9e\u5728\u60ca\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u4efd\u5374\u5c5e\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5176\u4ed6\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u6545\u610f\u5ffd\u7565\u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8f6c\u5411\u52a3\u7b49\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6765\u9003\u907f\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u91cc\u5fb7\u5229\uff08Mark\u3000<br \/>\nRidley\uff09\u529b\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u5fae\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5747\u53d8\u8bba\uff08uniformitarianism\uff09\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u5219\uff08\u9002\u5408\u672c\u9898\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5747\u53d8\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u8bc1\u636e\u5374\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u754c\u6709\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u51fa\u53d1\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5728\u6b64\u53ea\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b58\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79cd\u7c7b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0d\uff0d\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79cd\u7684\u6765\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8fd9\u6545\u4e8b\u52a0\u4e0a\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u90a3\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u9057\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u90a3\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u53d8\u5316\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u3002\uff08\u65e2\u65e0\u660e\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u60f3\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u6392\u9664\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u90a3\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u4e5f\u501f\u91cd\u201c\u795e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u201d\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u3001\u8fc7\u7740\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u521d\u671f\u5374\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\u5462\uff1f\u795e\u4e3a\u4eba\u53ca\u9ca8\u9c7c\u6240\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u6e21\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u671f\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u9646\u751f\u7684\u877e\u8788\uff08salamander\uff09\u662f\u4ece\u6c34\u751f\u7684\u877e\u8788\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u8981\u5728\u5375\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\u6574\u4e2a\u53d1\u80b2\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u957f\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u9cc3\u548c\u9ccd\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b75\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\u53c8\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u4e3a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6307\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u8be5\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u65e2\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u8005\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u795e\u79d8\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d4b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u4f20\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c1c\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u795e\u8981\u5982\u6b64\u884c\uff1f\u800c\u662f\u8981\u770b\u770b\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56e0\u7531\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e00\u652f\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u613f\u610f\u8ffd\u7814\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u751f\u7269\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u53d8\u5f02\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u73b0\u4eca\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e9\u5df2\u4e3a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u963f\u52a0\u897f\u65af\u6240\u719f\u6089\u3002\u963f\u52a0\u897f\u65af\u62b5\u6297\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u663e\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u751f\u7269\u63a5\u66ff\uff08succession\uff09\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u624d\u63a5\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u662f\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f3c\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u76f4\u7cfb\u76f8\u4f20\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4eb2\u5b50\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e32\u8054\u3002\u53e4\u751f\u4ee3\uff08Paleozoic\u3000<br \/>\nAge\uff09\u7684\u9c7c\u7c7b\u7edd\u975e\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3\uff08Secondary\u3000<br \/>\nAge\uff09\u722c\u866b\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\uff08TertiaryAge\uff09\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u521b\u9020\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2026\u2026\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u5230\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u963f\u52a0\u897f\u65af\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89c1\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u5207\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u4e0b\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u963f\u52a0\u897f\u65af\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u529b\u91cf\u4f7f\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u597d\u8c61\u6709\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5316\u77f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u7956\u5148\u9057\u4f20\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u63d0\u53ca\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9879\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5728\u5316\u77f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6781\u5c11\u9010\u6b65\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u722c\u866b\u201d\uff08mammal\u2026like\u3000<br \/>\nreptile\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u722c\u866b\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u7c7b\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\uff08hominids\uff09\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u201c\u733f\u4eba\u201d\uff08ape\u2026men\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u5df2\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u3000\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5e8f\u5217\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u3000\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5e8f\u5217\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e24\u6816\u7c7b\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u9c7c\u7c7b\u6e90\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0a\u53e4\u7684\u9c7c\uff1b\u722c\u866b\u51fa\u81ea\u4e24\u6816\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff1b\u98de\u9e1f\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u722c\u866b\u7956\u5148\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7329\u7329\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u733f\u7c7b\u7956\u5b97\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u733f\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u5316\u77f3\u5df2\u88ab\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u722c\u866b\u5230\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u548c\u4ece\u733f\u81f3\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u5df2\u786e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u672a\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f7f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u53d7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u3003\u5047\u5b9a\u5b66\u8bf4\u771f\u5b9e\u3003\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u8003\u7a76\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u6307\u51fa\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5949\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u91d1\u79d1\u7389\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6000\u7591\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u6c42\u5728\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u3003\u9aa8\u9abc\u3003\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a\u3003\u808c\u8089\u3003\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7956\u5148\u7684\u9274\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u9274\u5b9a\u8fdb\u5316\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u52a0\u52d2\u7279\u00b7\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u5f62\u5bb9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd1\u300225\u81f31\u300235\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u77f3\u5c42\u4e2d\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u9e1f\u5316\u77f3\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u722c\u866b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0e\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u626f\u4e0a\u4e00\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u90fd\u662f\u6b8b\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u8bb8\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u97e6\u4f26\u970d\u5f17\u5c14\u57281990\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8bba\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7a76\u7adf\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u662f\u5426\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u9e1f\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u5177\u6709\u98de\u9e1f\u8fdb\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6743\u5a01\u76db\u8a89\u7684\u97e6\u4f26\u970d\u5f17\u5c14\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u3003\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u9e1f\u6709\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3003\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u3003\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5173\u98de\u9e1f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3003\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u3003\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u9e1f\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u786e\u8bc1\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u6001\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5982\u4f01\u9e45\u548c\u9e35\u9e1f\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e2d\u95f4\u73af\u8282\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e38\u7528\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5316\u77f3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u91cf\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6000\u7591\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5728\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u671f\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u633d\u6551\u4e00\u5957\u63d0\u5021\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u98de\u9e1f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c1c\uff1a\u98de\u7fd4\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb\uff0c\u548c\u5982\u98de\u9e1f\u7684\u80ba\u810f\u4e00\u822c\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u7684\u6784\u9020\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff1f\u5c31\u7b97\u722c\u866b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u9e1f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u98de\u9e1f\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u4ece\u733f\u7334\u81f3\u4eba\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u63d0\u52301981\u5e74\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u8fdb\u5316\u4e43\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f15\u7528\u3003\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u77f3\u5c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u516d\u4e03\u5757\u4eba\u733f\u5316\u77f3\u3003\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4eba\u662f\u4ece\u733f\u7334\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u57281987\u5e74\u6539\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u733f\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u51cf\u81f3\u4e94\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u4ecd\u7136\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u662f\u5426\u795e\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u9ad8\u6df1\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\uff1a\u5357\u65b9\u7c97\u733f\uff08Australopithecus\u3000<br \/>\nafarensis\uff09\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u5c0f\u733f\uff08Australopithecus\u3000africanus\uff09\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u5de7\u733f\uff08Homo\u3000habilis\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u7acb\u4eba\uff08Homo\u3000<br \/>\nErectus\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\uff08Homo\u3000Sapiens\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4eff\u6548\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff1a\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6240\u6307\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u4eba\u733f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5357\u65b9\u733f\uff08Australopithecines\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5357\u65b9\u7c97\u733f\u548c\u5357\u65b9\u5c0f\u733f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c5e\u733f\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8111\u8f83\u5c0f\u4f3c\u733f\uff0c\u4f46\u636e\u731c\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u7acb\u884c\u8d70\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8111\u5bb9\u91cf\u591f\u5927\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u7b97\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff08Homo\uff09\u3002\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5229\u57fa\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u5de7\u733f\u5374\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e0e\u733f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7c7b\u3002\u5de7\u733f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u9644\u8fd1\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de7\u733f\u66fe\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u5230\u8be7\u5f02\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5c3c\u5b89\u5f97\u5854\u4eba\uff08Neanderthal\u3000<br \/>\nman\uff09\u5982\u4eca\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u514b\u7f57\u9a6c\u519c\u4eba\uff08Cro\u2026Magnon\u3000<br \/>\nman\uff09\u5df2\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4e07\u795e\u5e99\u4e2d\u64a4\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u5f52\u7eb3\u5408\u5e76\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u7c7b\u4eba\u7c7b\uff08Hominid\uff09\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u662f\u4e89\u8fa9\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u975e\u5e38\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7ecf\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u8ba2\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u65b0\u89c4\u6761\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u4eba\u733f\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e43\u662f\u4ee5\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u671f\u7684\u5316\u77f3\uff08\u6216\u9057\u5931\u4e4b\u73af\uff09\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u795e\u8981\u8003\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5b66\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c2\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ece\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u3003\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3003\u5df2\u6df1\u5370\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u666e\u4e16\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbd\u540d\u9493\u8a89\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f70\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d5d\u54c1\u8d1d\u5c14\u5f53\u4eba\uff08Piltdown\u3000<br \/>\nMan\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u535a\u7269\u9986\u70ed\u5207\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e8640\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u5b66\u8005\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5784\u65ad\u8206\u8bba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6839\u636e\u5c11\u91cf\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u8206\u8bba\u754c\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\u5bf9\u5723\u7269\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u57281984\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3003\u59cb\u7956\u3003\u5c55\u89c8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u6770\u5c14\u00b7\u5362\u56e0\u5f62\u5bb9\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6240\u5c55\u5217\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u7c7b\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u771f\u54c1\uff0c\u50cf\u671d\u5723\u4e00\u6837\u9686\u91cd\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u90a3\u4e9b\u3003\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u65e0\u4ef7\u4e4b\u5b9d\u3003\u88ab\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u9001\u4e0a\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5934\u7b49\u8231\uff0c\u4ee5\u3003\u8d35\u80c4\u3003\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u8f66\u548c\u8b66\u961f\u62a4\u9001\u5230\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5728\u9986\u5185\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u9648\u5217\u5728\u67aa\u5f39\u4e0d\u5165\u7684\u5c55\u89c8\u67dc\uff0c\u5148\u7531\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u9884\u89c8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4f4e\u6c89\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u3003\u5728\u5e84\u91cd\u7684\u6559\u5802\u4e2d\u8c08\u8bba\u795e\u5b66\u3003\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u611f\u53f9\u5730\u5f62\u5bb9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3003\u796d\u7956\u3003\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5362\u56e0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u89c2\u8d4f\u59cb\u7956\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u5e84\u91cd\u60c5\u611f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff1a\u3003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5206\u522b\uff1a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5934\u9885\u6837\u672c\u3002\u3003\u5362\u56e0\u8bf4\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u6bd4\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u60c5\u56e0\u7d20\u66f4\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u5bb9\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7956\u5148\u5411\u5f80\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e5f\u5e94\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5ba1\u614e\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u5362\u56e0\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4eba\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5df2\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u6781\u7aef\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5f7c\u6b64\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u51f6\u731b\u7684\u7b14\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u3003\u8c01\u7684\u3003\u5316\u77f3\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u5408\u4e4e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u3003\u662f\u5426\u3003\u5316\u77f3\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u733f\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u59cb\u7956\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e1\u6000\u7591\u4eba\u3003\u662f\u5426\u3003\u4ece\u733f\u7334\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d7\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u7eb3\u3003\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u733f\u4eba\u8fc7\u6e21\u5316\u77f3\u3003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u540d\u671b\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u5374\u6562\u4e8e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7834\u5929\u8352\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u7d22\u5229\u00b7\u6731\u514b\u66fc\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u733f\u7334\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u4ece\u733f\u7334\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u582a\u4e00\u51fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5357\u65b9\u53e4\u733f\u7684\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u3003\u4e3b\u5f20\u5357\u65b9\u53e4\u733f\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u76f4\u7acb\u884c\u8d70\uff0c\u4ece\u9aa8\u9abc\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u7684\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5316\u77f3\u751f\u524d\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u662f\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u733f\u7334\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f02\u6001\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u733f\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u7acb\u573a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u786e\u8bc1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u3000\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u3000\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6452\u5f03\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5171\u540c\u4e0a\u53e4\u7956\u5148\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76ee\u3001\u7eb2\u548c\u95e8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\uff1b\u6bcf\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u3001\u7eb2\u548c\u95e8\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8854\u63a5\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u7269\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u5947\u602a\u7684\u80ba\u9c7c\u548c\u9e2d\u5634\u517d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u9c7c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u751f\u7269\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u73b0\u8c61\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u751f\u7269\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7edd\u79cd\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u5982\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u66f4\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u65ad\u73b0\u8c61\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u73b0\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u754c\u6309\u7167\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u6c83\u65af\u79f0\u666e\u904d\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u539f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3a\u771f\u7ec6\u83cc\uff08eubacteria\uff09\uff0c\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e3a\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\uff08archaebacteria\uff09\uff0c\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\u90fd\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u751f\u957f\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7f3a\u6c27\u7ec6\u83cc\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u7532\u70f7\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u957f\u5728\u76d0\u5206\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7edd\u65e0\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u5982\u786b\u77ff\u6e29\u6cc9\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u6c83\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u5730\u7403\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u53e4\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u540e\u6765\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fdb\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u4e0a\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u5e76\u65e0\u4e2d\u95f4\u751f\u7269\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u95f4\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6700\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6709\u5229\u7a81\u53d8\u5728\u7e41\u6b96\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u5e03\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u5f15\u81f4\u5982\u540c\u7fc5\u8180\u548c\u773c\u775b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u65b0\u6784\u9020\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5316\u77f3\u5728\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0a\u521a\u597d\u662f\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53cd\u8bc1\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4f7f\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5047\u60f3\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4ece\u722c\u866b\u7956\u5b97\u5206\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5411\u6d77\u6d0b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u6761\u9cb8\u9c7c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5411\u6811\u68a2\u548c\u6d1e\u7a74\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6309\u90e8\u5c31\u73ed\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u98de\u7fd4\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u5957\u50cf\u3003\u58f0\u7eb3\u3003\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u672c\u9886\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u89c6\u89c9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u8272\u7d20C\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u7387\u5374\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5168\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u4ee3\u9cb8\u9c7c\u4e0e\u8759\u8760\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5982\u86c7\u7c7b\u722c\u866b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u86c7\u7c7b\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u54fa\u4e73\u7c7b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd9\u79cd\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u3003\u5206\u5b50\u65f6\u949f\u3003\uff08molecular\u3000<br \/>\nclock\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7a76\u7adf\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de7\u5408\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u901f\u7387\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8868\u578b\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u65f6\u949f\u822c\u7684\u901f\u7387\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u8868\u578b\u7684\u5267\u53d8\u53ca\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6728\u6751\u8d44\u751f\uff08Motoo\u3000<br \/>\nKimura\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6027\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bb8\u591a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8d77\u521d\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002\u7a81\u53d8\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u751f\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u9760\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u5316\u6784\u9020\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e2d\u6027\u7a81\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\u8005\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u800cDNA\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u540c\u4e49\u5b57\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6392\u5217\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3003\u4fe1\u606f\u3003\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u7269\u5916\u8c8c\u7684\u529f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u7684\u5c31\u7167\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6784\u9020\u800c\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u5177\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u89e6\u5a92\uff08catalyst\uff09\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6784\u60f3\u4e0b\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u53ca\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u60f3\u8c61\u6216\u6784\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\uff01\u4ece\u672c\u4e66\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u5c31\u7b97\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4ee5\u540e\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u690d\u7269\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u822c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7e41\u6b96\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u7591\u96be\u7684\u3002\u57281989\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u5468\u520a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005G\uff0eF\uff0e\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u5c42\u5c42\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u3003RNA\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u3003\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u3003\u5148\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u3003\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bdf\u9a8c\u4e0b\u7acb\u8db3\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u300a\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4e03\u9879\u7ebf\u7d22\u300b\uff08Seven\u3000Clues\u3000<br \/>\nto\u3000the\u3000Origin\u3000of\u3000<br \/>\nLife\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u2026\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b66\u8bf4\u6709\u70b9\u602a\u5f02\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ecf\u571f\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u4f53\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u751f\u547d\u524d\u8eab\u7684\u3003\u77ff\u7269\u751f\u547d\u3003\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u504f\u7231\u90a3\u4e9b\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u9ecf\u571f\u590d\u5236\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u628a\u8def\u94fa\u597d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6700\u540e\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u9057\u4f20\u53ca\u590d\u5236\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6162\u6162\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u521d\u671f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ff\u77f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5f88\u5bcc\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5b66\u8bf4\u6beb\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u52b3\u65af\u00b7\u591a\u65af\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u3003\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5929\u9762\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u77ff\u571f\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u3003\u5e73\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u65e9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u553e\u5f03\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ecd\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\uff01\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709\u8bf8\u5982\u3003\u5148\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3003\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e00\u5ea6\u5931\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u597d\u50cf\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u3003\u5148\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u3003\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e3a\u6beb\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u81c6\u6d4b\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\uff08\u3000<br \/>\n\u53ea\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u5374\u4e0d\u88ab\u8003\u8651\uff09\u3002\u57281988\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u65af\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u3003\u76ee\u524d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u8981\u9886\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u663e\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u3003\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af1989\u5e74\u7684\u957f\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u3003\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u3003\uff0c\u4e0e\u975e\u5e38\u523b\u9aa8\u94ed\u5fc3\u7684\u632b\u6298\u611f\uff01\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u679c\u7684\u524d\u9014\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e72\u8106\u5c31\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u624b\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u78b0\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u969c\u788d\u30021990\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u3003\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u7ec4\u5408\u3003\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u9879\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u7167\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u4e95\u4e95\u6709\u6761\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd9\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6709\u6240\u62b5\u89e6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u8d8a\u53d8\u8d8a\u4e71\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u3003\u71b5\u3003\uff08entropy\uff09\u3000<br \/>\n\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u592a\u9633\u652f\u53d6\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8fd8\u53ef\u8ba9\u81ea\u8eab\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5c31\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u6df1\u5177\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u96ea\u82b1\u6216\u77ff\u7269\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5047\u5b9a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u53d1\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u679c\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e07\u7269\u5f53\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7535\u8111\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5012\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u6559\u6388\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u3003\u63d0\u5021\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u5408\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u7535\u8111\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u53ca\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u670d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u2026\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u867d\u7136\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u91c7\u7eb3\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u5370\u8c61\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7269\u6709\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7075\u5de7\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u5f53\u521d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\u2026\u2026\u6700\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u2026\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u4e5f\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u3003\u4fe1\u606f\u3003\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u7684\u3003\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3003\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u7740\u3003\u8f6c\u5f55\u3003\uff08transcribe\uff09\u53ca\u3003\u8f6c\u8bd1\u3003\uff08translate\uff09\u800c\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e0e\u522b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\u65f6\u7528\u8bcd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6bcf\u4eba\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6bcf\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6070\u597d\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7ec6\u80de\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u667a\u6167\u751f\u547d\u4e92\u76f8\u6c9f\u901a\u65f6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u3003\u4fe1\u606f\u3003\u3001\u3003\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3003\u3001\u3003\u8bed\u8a00\u3003\u3001\u3003\u8d44\u8baf\u3003\u3001\u3003\u5bc6\u7801\u3003\u3001\u3003\u89e3\u7801\u3003\u3001\u3003\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3003\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80af\u5bb9\u7eb3\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e14\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7ae0\uff0c\u81ea\u6709\u5206\u6653\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u3000\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u3000\u79d1\u3000\u5b66\u3000\u7684\u3000\u89c4\u3000\u5219\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n1981\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u4e0e\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u3003\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u7acb\u523b\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u544a\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5e76\u975e\u52bf\u5747\u529b\u654c\u7684\u51b3\u6597\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\u51fa\u81ea\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6837\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u6d3e\u4e4b\u5916\u53d6\u5f97\u540c\u60c5\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8054\u5408\u53cd\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u6df1\u6015\u6781\u7aef\u6027\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u8054\u5408\u9635\u7ebf\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ca\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u8896\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8054\u5408\u9635\u7ebf\u4e5f\u5f97\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5f88\u7cbe\u5de7\u5730\u8bad\u7ec3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u670d\u6cd5\u5b98\u540c\u610f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6b63\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u5927\u83b7\u5168\u80dc\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u628a\u4f5c\u8bc1\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4f4d\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u9c81\u65af\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u3003\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u5426\u8ba4\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e43\u662f\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3003\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u5b98\u7ee7\u7eed\u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e94\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u3000\u662f\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u3000\u662f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u3000\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u3000\u5b83\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u7ec8\u6781\u7b54\u6848\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\uff08falsifiable\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6839\u636e\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u3000\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u3000\u5b83\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u7ec8\u6781\u7b54\u6848\uff1b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\uff08falsifiable\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6839\u636e\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u9a73\u65a5\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9760\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u7279\u522b\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u675c\u6602\u00b7\u5409\u4ec0\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u81ea\u7136\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e3a\u3003\u7279\u521b\u3003\uff08Special\u3000<br \/>\nCreation\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u501f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u521b\u9020\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u540c\u65f6\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u6124\u6168\u5730\u5426\u8ba4\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u3003\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4f4d\u521b\u9020\u8005\u4e0e\u63a5\u53d7\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3003\uff0c\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u89c1\u3003\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6709\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u611f\u5230\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6697\u793a\u8bf4\uff1a\u9c81\u65af\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u8fd9\u6b21\u7528\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u82b1\u8a00\u5de7\u8bed\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ff7\u60d1\u4e86\uff01\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\u662f\u3003\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u3003\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u770b\u5230\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3003\u4e5f\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08\u8bf8\u5982\u5730\u7403\u5e74\u9f84\u77ed\u5c11\u3001\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u3001\u7279\u521b\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u600e\u80fd\u53c8\u662f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u3003\u88ab\u8bc1\u4e3a\u9519\u3003\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5b98\u53ca\u9c81\u65af\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9a\u4e49\u5374\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u96c0\u8dc3\u3002\u5177\u6709\u9996\u5e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u5174\u594b\u5730\u628a\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5168\u90e8\u767b\u8f7d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e2a\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u5305\u62ec\u4ec0\u4e48\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7167\u5723\u7ecf\u5b57\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u521b\u9020\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u675c\u6602\u00b7\u5409\u4ec0\u90a3\u4e48\u72ed\u9698\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u5468\u5185\u521b\u9020\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4ebf\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u60a0\u957f\u5c81\u6708\u4e2d\u8ba9\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u6653\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u7565\u77e5\u4e00\u4e8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u521b\u9020\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u8272\u4e0d\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u957f\u77ed\u6216\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u3002\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u3003\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b87\u5b99\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09\u662f\u7ecf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u800c\u6709\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u5982\u6b64\u62df\u5b9a\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u662f\u7ecf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u5e26\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u88ab\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u3003\u521b\u9020\u3003\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u4ed6\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8bf4\u4ed6\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u4e00\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff08\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u660e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u552f\u7269\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3003\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u8fd8\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u754c\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7eaf\u7cb9\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u522b\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u589e\u957f\u770b\u51fa\u6765\uff08\u8fd9\u70b9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u5219\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5076\u7136\u673a\u9047\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u2026\u2026\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6beb\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff07\u7740\u91cd\u53f7\u4e3a\u5f15\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff07\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u4e0a\u6709\u6df1\u8c0b\u8fdc\u8651\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u4f7f\u8fd9\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u70b9\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4ed6\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u9610\u660e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3003\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u5728\u65e0\u6570\u4e66\u62a5\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u88ab\u900f\u9732\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u8bef\u89e3\uff1a\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u4e00\uff1a\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u7684\u300a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53cd\u5bf9\u3003\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3003\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684\u3003\u521d\u56e0\u3003\uff08First\u3000<br \/>\nCause\uff09\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u3002\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u60a0\u957f\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3b\u5f20\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4ecb\u5165\u5f71\u54cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4fc3\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u4ece\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u6240\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u7684&#8217;\u521d\u56e0&#8217;\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765&#8217;\u521d\u56e0&#8217;\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u5fc3\u613f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u819c\u62dc\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u5bf9\u5b83\u6beb\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u3003\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff07\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff07\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u5728\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u3003\u5b87\u5b99\u5bc6\u7801\u3003\uff08cosmic\u3000<br \/>\ncode\uff09\u7684\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\uff08Demiurge\uff09\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u800c\u9020\u6210\u3002\u3010\u6ce8\u4e09\uff1a\u8be5\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6307\u7684\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\u4f2a\u667a\u6d3e\uff08Gnosticism\uff09\u5f02\u7aef\u53ca\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4f2a\u667a\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e00\u7b49\u7684\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aDemiurge\u3002\u4f2a\u667a\u6d3e\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u3002\u3011\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u91cf\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5316\u5408\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8be5\u795e\u660e\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u95f4\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u7406\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u6761\u4e0d\u7d0a\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u8be1\u5f02\uff01\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8005\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3003\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u5904\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u6216\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u3003\u8d85\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u5916\u3003\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u5728\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u5965\u5f17\u987f\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff08falsifiability\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5374\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u53bb\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5bdf\u770b\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u5747\u6709\u5176\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5e93\u6069\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u3003\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3003\uff08world\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u9879\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u4ee5\u629b\u5f03\u6389\uff1b\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u5730\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fde\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u7684\u773c\u775b\u53bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e00\u9879\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b83\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7528\u5c3d\u5de7\u8ba1\u4e34\u65f6\u589e\u6dfb\u65b0\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u79f0\u9738\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u3003\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u53bb\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u79d1\u5b66\u3003\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u63f4\u7528\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u3003\u6d88\u6781\u8fa9\u8bba\u3003\uff08negative\u3000<br \/>\nargumentation\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u5957\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u9020\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u672c\u6765\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u9700\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3003\u540c\u4e49\u53cd\u590d\u3003\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u63a8\u5d07\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6df1\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5e72\u8106\u5ba3\u5e03\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u3003\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u3003\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u53cd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5e93\u6069\u63a5\u7740\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff1b\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f1a\u89c6\u82e5\u65e0\u7779\uff0c\u8fde\u6700\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u9760\u63a8\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u6781\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5e93\u6069\u53c8\u4e3e\u51fa\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5929\u6587\u754c\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u521b\u5bfc\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u5de9\u56fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u88ab\u3003\u89c2\u5bdf\u3003\u5230\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u5e93\u6069\u7528\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e3a\u3003\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u3003\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5316\u77f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6301\u4e45\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5374\u95ed\u53e3\u4e0d\u63d0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u3003\u5750\u4e95\u89c2\u5929\u3003\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u79d1\u5b66\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u660e\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ea\u597d\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u795e\u4ece\u4e8b\u88ab\u773c\u4e0b\u3003\u8303\u5f0f\u3003\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u518d\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u591a\u534a\u662f\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u6700\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u8ffd\u95ee\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u771f\u662f\u5047\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u65e2\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u663e\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7406\u8bba\u5f53\u7136\u6b63\u786e\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u62c5\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u8981\u95ee\u7684\u5374\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u4ec5\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff08\u867d\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff09\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6700\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u628a\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5927\u4f17\u6210\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u522b\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u3003\u521b\u9020\u3003\u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u3000\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u3000\u8fbe\u3000\u5c14\u3000\u6587\u3000\u4e3b\u3000\u4e49\u3000\u8005\u3000\u7684\u3000\u4fe1\u3000\u4ef0\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u5f17\u6717\u514b\u00b7\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u4e3a1984\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u544a\u6170\u56fd\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4ee3\u8868\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u548c\u89e3\u4e4b\u51b2\u7a81\u2026\u2026\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u3003\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u59821981\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6848\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5206\u7acb\u800c\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u66f2\u89e3\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8be5\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u3003\u5b97\u6559\u3003\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b97\u6559\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0d\u906d\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u8bf4\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u9a73\u5384\u5c14\u6587\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4f20\u6388\u7684\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3003\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3003\u3002\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u65e0\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3003\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u80fd\u5224\u5b9a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8bda\u5b9e\u660e\u667a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\uff09\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u66fe\u611f\u53f9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e72\u6d89\u90aa\u6076\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u72d7\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63e3\u6d4b\u725b\u987f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c3d\u529b\u76fc\u671b\u4e0e\u76f8\u4fe1\u5427\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7b54\u8fa9\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u4e3a\u5584\u6076\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u72d7\u4e0d\u77e5\u725b\u987f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5462\uff1f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u5c3d\u529b\u53bb\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bf4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ea\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ec5\u4e3a\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0a\u7684\u80e1\u95f9\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6388\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u666e\u7f57\u6587\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u3003\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fdb\u6559\u5802\u5927\u95e8\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u5934\u8111\u5b58\u653e\u8d77\u6765\u3003\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u6839\u636e\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5219\u7ec4\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u7406\u667a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u795e\u660e\u6216\u8bbe\u8ba1\u529b\u91cf\u2026\u2026\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u65ad\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u539f\u5219\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u6781\u5ea6\u5947\u5999\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4eba\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u9057\u4f20\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ec5\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6b7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e86\u767e\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u2026\u2026\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f3a\u8feb\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6599\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8bb2\u6388\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb2\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u96be\u514d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4e89\u8bba\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6559\u6761\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f7f\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u65e0\u5149\u5f69\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u5730\u7403\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u751f\u7269\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b03\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u89c6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u56e0\u5b97\u6559\u800c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u62df\u60f3\u3003\u5e7f\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\uff08Macro\u2026evolution\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u795e\u539f\u521d\u521b\u9020\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u89c6\u5982\u4ec7\u654c\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n\u64b0\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5929\u771f\u5730\u671f\u671b\u5b83\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u6539\u6b63\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u6781\u529b\u8bf4\u670d\u5927\u4f17\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6000\u7591\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u5904\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u6295\u964d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u547d\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f46\u53c8\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u670d\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u5c1a\u6709\u4e9b\u3003\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3003\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5978\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u62a5\u590d\u8fc5\u901f\u6765\u5230\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u54a8\u8be2\u8005\u3003\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8d1d\u6d85\u5854\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u7fa4\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u52a0\u7f6a\u4e8e\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u5b83\u3003\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u66ff\u771f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u53bb\u8bc1\u660e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3003\u3002\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u300b\uff08The\u3000<br \/>\nScience\u3000<br \/>\nTeacher\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d1d\u6d85\u5854\u6240\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u662f\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u8c34\u8d23\u91cd\u65b0\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5305\u88c5\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u4e5d\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u3001\u83f2\u79cb\u9a6c\u3001\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u91cc\u5947\u53ca\u8428\u91cc\u5947\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e25\u52a0\u65a5\u8d23\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u5927\u610f\u8bf4\u8054\u76df\u6210\u5458\u662f\u72e1\u8bc8\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u5ba2\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\u6765\u63a9\u9970\u5723\u7ecf\u5b57\u5b57\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08Biblical\u3000<br \/>\nliteralist\uff09\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u544a\u4f7f\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u9887\u611f\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63a7\u544a\u7684\u504f\u9887\u5931\u5b9e\u4f7f\u719f\u6089\u8054\u76df\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba4\u4e3a\u63a7\u544a\u8005\u4e43\u84c4\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6709\u610f\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u6e05\u4fe1\u4ef0\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u5404\u6d3e\u7cfb\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5c31\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e3a\u65e0\u5bb3\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53e3\u5934\u63d0\u5230\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u6301\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff1b\u6216\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u611a\u592b\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u72c2\u70ed\u8005\u7684\u773c\u5149\u91cc\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8054\u76df\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4fe1\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u7684\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6697\u793a\u751f\u7269\u65b0\u79cd\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ecb\u5165\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u8bf4\u5c1a\u6709\u3003\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3003\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u4fbf\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u8054\u76df\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u7406\u7531\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u53ea\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u4e00\u8d77\u662f\u53ef\u618e\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5408\u6210\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u591a\u5e03\u8d5e\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u6731\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u3002\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5373\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3003\uff08evolutionary\u3000<br \/>\nhumanism\uff09\u5411\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3003\u795e\u5723\u8d23\u4efb\u3003\u53ca\u3003\u5149\u8363\u673a\u4f1a\u3003\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ea7\u5b50\u6700\u591a\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea7\u5b50\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3003\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u3003\u5f97\u4ee5\u3003\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u6325\u3003\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u57281933\u5e74\u4e3a\u3003\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3003\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u795e\u5b97\u6559\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u771f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u57281973\u5e74\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5f8040\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u3003\u592a\u4e50\u89c2\u4e86\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u73b0\u5b9e\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u826f\u5584\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u90aa\u6076\u3003\uff0c\u53ca\u3003\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559\u786e\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u969c\u788d\u3003\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4ecd\u672a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\u62ef\u6551\u4eba\u7c7b\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u660e\u667a\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6d88\u706d\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5ef6\u957f\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u5730\u6539\u826f\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5316\u8def\u7ebf\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5230\u8fbe\u5bcc\u8db3\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8f83\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u53db\u79bb\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u3003\u8d1d\u5c14\u5f53\u4eba\u3003\u53ca\u3003\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u3003\u7684\u53d1\u6398\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u8981\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u78d0\u77f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u57662000\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u552f\u7269\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u610f\u7684\u5671\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u50cf\u591a\u5e03\u8d5e\u65af\u57fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u5fc3\u7075\u60c5\u64cd\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u5bf9\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3e\u51fa\u3003\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u751f\u4e3a\u6b63\u7edf\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u3003\u7684\u591a\u5e03\u8d5e\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u5c31\u591a\u5e03\u8d5e\u65af\u57fa\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u300b\uff08Mankind\u3000<br \/>\nEvolving\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5df2\u6cbb\u6108\u4e86\u3003\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u4e0e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u9020\u6210\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u3003\u3002\u8fd9\u521b\u4f24\u662f\u6307\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5219\u5c06\u4eba\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u660e\u767d\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002\u591a\u5e03\u8d5e\u65af\u57fa\u5174\u594b\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u6765\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff1b\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u53ef\u7531\u4eba\u4f9d\u5176\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u3003\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u4e48\uff1f\u5168\u90fd\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4f53\u7cfb\u4eca\u540e\u90fd\u8be5\u5411\u5b83\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7136\u540e\u624d\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u800c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u5149\uff0c\u7167\u660e\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff1b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u8be5\u4f9d\u5faa\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u4f1a\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u5165\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u5373\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u3003\u9876\u70b9\u3003\uff08The\u3000Point\u3000Omega\uff09\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e00\u5207\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8c10\u4e4b\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u540c\u8d85\u610f\u8bc6\uff08Superconscious\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6b62\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u601d\u60f3\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u8f68\u5f0f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u601d\u60f3\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u4f17\u591a\u5355\u72ec\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4e92\u76f8\u5f7c\u6b64\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u2026\u2026\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b87\u5b99\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u7136\u805a\u5408\u6210\u65e0\u53ef\u9650\u91cf\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7c\u7a1a\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u4f01\u56fe\u5851\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6b8b\u7559\u5728\u3003\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u3003\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eca\u65e5\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u524d\u666f\u5df2\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8f83\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u7279\u5170\u00b7\u57c3\u8fea\u4e0e\u5510\u7eb3\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u63e3\u6d4b\u3003\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u3003\uff08Homo\u3000<br \/>\nSapiens\uff09\u5c06\u56e0\u6838\u6218\u4e89\u6216\u751f\u6001\u5267\u53d8\u5f88\u5feb\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u8fd9\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u6280\u6025\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u6bd2\u5e9f\u7269\uff0c\u6bc1\u574f\u539f\u59cb\u68ee\u6797\u4e0e\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\uff0c\u53ca\u4eba\u53e3\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u7406\u667a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u3003\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u3003\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u79d1\u6280\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u3002\u57c3\u8fea\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5c06\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u9057\u4f20\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3003\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u3003\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u82e5\u8981\u907f\u514d\u706d\u7edd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4efb\u7531\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u7eb5\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u7cca\u6d82\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u5df2\u4e00\u8bd5\u8eab\u624b\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\u3001\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u8bf4\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5730\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63e3\u6d4b\u4eba\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4ee5\u795e\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u89c6\u4eba\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4ece\u795e\u79d8\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u4eba\u4ece\u7531\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d77\u521d\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5929\u6c14\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7686\u7531\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u5f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u795e\u660e\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7edf\u7ba1\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u970d\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u6307\u63a7\u6709\u4e9b\u5c55\u89c8\u4e0d\u4f46\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u653b\u51fb\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u3003\u4eba\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3003\u7684\u5c55\u89c8\u7279\u610f\u5426\u8ba4\u76f4\u7acb\u4eba\u733f\uff08Homo\u3000<br \/>\nerectus\uff09\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u3003\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u591a\u5e74\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u3003\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f46\u970d\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u9519\u5f52\u548e\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u504f\u7231\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6e10\u6e10\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e43\u7531\u9769\u547d\u6027\u5927\u7a81\u53d8\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u5f88\u50cf\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ade\u4e89\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u800c\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u826f\u7684\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5ba3\u4f20\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u786e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u575a\u6301\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3003\u6709\u5fc3\u6216\u65e0\u5fc3\u3003\u5730\u6000\u7591\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u3010\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u867d\u7136\u970d\u5c14\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u662f\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u5362\u65fa\u5ef7\u53ca\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u81ea\u50b2\u5730\u58f0\u8a00\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u7ade\u4e89\u76f8\u8fde\u30021981\u5e74\u5728\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u9c81\u65af\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u613f\u671b\u3001\u9700\u8981\u3001\u6b32\u5ff5\u3001\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u6b63\u786e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u529d\u6212\uff0c\u597d\u4f3c\u8def\u5fb7\u6216\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6307\u63a7\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u7b97\u4e3a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u524d\u53ea\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5316\u77f3\u7956\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4eca\u7531\u535a\u7269\u9986\u516c\u8bf8\u5927\u4f17\u4e86\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u9648\u5217\u6307\u51fa\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ea\u8d56\u67d0\u7c7b\u903b\u8f91\u652f\u6301\u800c\u975e\u4f9d\u9760\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u5468\u520a\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u662f\u53e5\u7a7a\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u54ac\u6587\u56bc\u5b57\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bb8\u591a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8fdb\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fde\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e2a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e9b\u9884\u5b9a\u524d\u63d0\u63a8\u7406\u6765\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u8bba\u2026\u2026\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fdb\u5316\u786e\u5b9e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u5b58\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u2026\u2026\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\u624d\u2026\u2026\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5199\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u4f1a\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u9632\u5fa1\u4ec7\u654c\u3002\u3003\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u5468\u520a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6b7b\u5728\u5357\u80af\u8f9b\u987f\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5938\u5f20\u8bcd\u85fb\u8d28\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u8005\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u672c\u8be5\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4e4e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5931\u53bb\u826f\u77e5\u4e86\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u5728\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u4ecb\u7ecd\u79d1\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd8\u5728\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\u8fd8\u9047\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5bf9\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6000\u7591\u4e48\uff1f\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u4e71\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\nScience\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u9f13\u52b1\u5728\u8bfe\u5ba4\u53ca\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8bf4\u51fa\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u8981\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e00\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5f02\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u4ee5\u56fe\u8868\u8bf4\u660e\u7ec6\u80de\u8272\u7d20C\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6240\u8c13\u3003\u5206\u5b50\u65f6\u949f\u3003\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0e\u6839\u636e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u660e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u5374\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7cfb\u5217\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u53d8\u5316\u7387\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3010\u6ce8\u56db\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u8272\u7d20C\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u66fe\u4f7f\u300a\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u582a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u6392\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u6240\u5199\u7684\u300a\u8c08\u4eba\u4e0e\u718a\u732b\u300b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u300a\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u6284\u88ad\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c06\u6240\u5217\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u6b21\u5e8f\u5012\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u6613\u7167\u6284\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u6838\u5bf9\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u3011\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u7684\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8d5e\u626c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3003\u63a2\u6c42\u6b22\u4e50\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u65c5\u7a0b\u3003\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u6fc0\u53d1\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u6c42\u7684\u5174\u594b\u611f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5174\u594b\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d89\u53ca\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u51b3\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u5965\u79d8\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u575a\u6301\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u90a3\u3003\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u95ee\u9898\u3003\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u80fd\u8c08\u7ec6\u8282\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u6700\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf7\u6559\u5e08\u53ca\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a00\u8bed\u6765\u6697\u793a\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u89c2\u6210\u5206\u6216\u4fe1\u4f17\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u8be5\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3003\u8fd9\u6837\u60f3\u6216\u90a3\u6837\u60f3\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u7968\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u8bc1\u636e\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8be5\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u3003\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u3003\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u53d7\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ca\u5ba2\u89c2\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u2026\u2026\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6781\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u67d0\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u58eb\u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\uff08\u6743\u5a01\uff09\u6216\u56e0\u5386\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\uff09\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4f46\u662f\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u9a6c\u4e0a\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c06\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u3003\u4ec5\u542b\u7cca\u5730\u6307\u4e3a\u3003\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3003\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u7406\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u300b\u529d\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u3003\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u91cd\u529b\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4e89\u8fa9\u3002\u3003\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u516c\u5f00\u63ed\u793a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e43\u81f3\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u57fa\u4e8e\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4fe1\u6761\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4fe1\u6761\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0e\u53cd\u9a73\u7684\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u7eaf\u7531\u7269\u8d28\u56e0\u679c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u53c8\u76f8\u4fe1\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u754c\u5947\u5999\u7684\u3001\u597d\u4f3c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u8bba\u51fa\u5404\u5927\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u6216\u63a8\u8bba\u968f\u673a\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u53d1\u8d77\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u704c\u8f93\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6218\u672f\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u7b56\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u624d\u4e25\u8083\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u54f2\u5b66\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u5185\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3003\u591a\u8bb2\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3003\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u5f97\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u8be5\u7aed\u529b\u8bf4\u670d\u5b66\u751f\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4f7f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u96be\u582a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u6709\u6743\u6307\u51fa\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u6750\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u542b\u6df7\u8eb2\u95ea\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u538b\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u65f6\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u7ec8\u4f1a\u8bf4\u670d\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5f53\u5723\u7ecf\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u6d3e\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90a3\u6837\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u53cd\u6297\u4e00\u5207\u5bf9\u795e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u53ca\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6781\u5c11\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f1a\u540e\u6094\u8131\u79bb\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u63a9\u62a4\u6240\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\uff08Karl\u3000<br \/>\nPopper\uff09\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5eff\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u4f4f\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u57ce\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6240\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff08Freud\uff09\u4e0e\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\uff08Adler\uff09\u7b49\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u666e\u904d\u5730\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u800c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u3002\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7406\u667a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u6216\u5f97\u5230\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee4\u4f60\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u4e9b\u95e8\u5916\u6c49\u6240\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u65b0\u771f\u7406\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u773c\u76ee\u4e00\u65e6\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5230\u5904\u770b\u89c1\u6c42\u8bc1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e8b\u60c5\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u90fd\u5408\u4e4e\u5176\u8bf4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u7406\u5f70\u5f70\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u89c1\u660e\u767d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u56e0\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u201c\u672a\u7ecf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6291\u5236\u201d\u800c\u6e34\u671b\u5bfb\u6c42\u533b\u6cbb\u2026\u2026\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ffb\u5f00\u62a5\u7eb8\u5728\u6bcf\u9875\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u627e\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u3001\u4e5f\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u62a5\u9986\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u66f4\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u4e2d\u3002\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3a\u201c\u4e34\u5e8a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u3002\u82e5\u5de5\u8d44\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u8981\u5265\u524a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u5de5\u8d44\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u8981\u4ee5\u8d3f\u8d42\u6765\u633d\u6551\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u9884\u6599\u7684\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8c0b\u6740\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u540c\u6837\u7075\u5de7\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u53bb\u6551\u6d3b\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4e4b\u5916\u4f5c\u51fa\u5192\u9669\u6027\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u5f53\u9884\u6d4b\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6210\u529f\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u4efd\u91cf\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u5c06\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e0e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6240\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u987e\u4e00\u5207\u5730\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u666e\u901a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff08General\u3000Theory\u3000<br \/>\nof\u3000<br \/>\nRelativity\uff09\uff0c\u5192\u53cd\u8bc1\u4e4b\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5927\u80c6\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u82e5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5982\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u6743\u5a01\u4e86\u3002\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u6c42\u8bc1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u90fd\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u66fe\u4f5c\u51fa\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e8b\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u4fbf\u4fee\u6b63\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u662f\u6b63\u662f\u8d1f\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u4e0d\u6b62\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u600e\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u7740\u624b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b83\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u600e\u6837\u533a\u522b\u7b49\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u524d\u57f9\u6839\uff08Francis\u3000<br \/>\nBacon\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e4b\u64cd\u7ec3\u3002\u8fd9\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u4e45\u4e3a\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7d2f\u79ef\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u6c42\u8bc1\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u6000\u7591\u6d3e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\uff08David\u3000<br \/>\nHume\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u6b21\uff1b\u4f46\u7ee7\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0b\u53bb\u5219\u5e38\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u53ea\u9650\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e0\u90a3\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u7684\u725b\u987f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u534e\u53a6\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u6709\u65b0\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u77aa\u53e3\u5446\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0d\u6b62\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u59a5\u5f53\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7167\u8fd9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e38\u5148\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e38\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u89c2\u70b9\u53ca\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u82e5\u65e0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6216\u4f55\u5904\u5bfb\u6c42\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e43\u5728\u4e8e\u63a8\u7ffb\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u662f\u4ece\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u6216\u81c6\u6d4b\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u81c6\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u5c40\u90e8\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u5145\u5206\u660e\u6670\u800c\u53ef\u53d7\u8bc4\u5224\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfb\u89c1\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u53cd\u9762\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u77e5\u9053\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u800c\u85c9\u4e4b\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e00\u53e5\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u70ed\u671b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u88ab\u51fa\u5356\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u70ed\u671b\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u624b\u5934\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u53bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u540d\u8a89\u6538\u5173\u3002\u5c31\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e0e\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u70ed\u671b\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u65f6\u4fbf\u89c9\u5f97\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d7\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u60e7\u6015\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5206\u597d\u574f\uff0c\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u4fbf\u53ef\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u9057\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u8d77\u521d\u4fbf\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u66fe\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u673a\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u6761\u4e43\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1b\u800c\u6709\u5173\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u5df2\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6781\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u65ad\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7956\u5148\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f5c\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u5173\u7956\u5148\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u5668\u5b98\u3001\u600e\u6837\u62ab\u4e0a\u65b0\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u6697\u793a\u3002\u5728\u767e\u3001\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7956\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u55e3\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u751f\u7269\u53ea\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u79cd\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u53ea\u6709\u805a\u79ef\u5386\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u9020\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u4f7f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u529b\u91cf\u5fc5\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7ec6\u8282\u6216\u53ef\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u7956\u5148\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6697\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u8fa8\u662f\u975e\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u52a8\u673a\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u63e3\u6d4b\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u65e0\u7591\u4f7f\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u5927\u589e\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u4e0e\u90a3\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u7684\u5927\u529b\u62e5\u62a4\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c1a\u672a\u4e25\u8c28\u8003\u9a8c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u5df2\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u5a01\u8bf4\u670d\u5927\u4f17\u3002\u7eaf\u81ea\u7136\u4f5c\u7528\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5806\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7ec6\u83cc\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e13\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6392\u9664\u53cd\u9762\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e86\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5408\u6210\u8bba\uff08Neo\u2026Darwinian\u3000<br \/>\nsynthesis\uff09\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0b\u964d\u4e3a\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u4fbf\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff1b1959\u5e74\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5e86\u795d\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u767e\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u8fbe\u5230\u53d7\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ca\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u5de5\u7a0b\u6551\u4e16\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6731\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u8bb2\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u6beb\u65e0\u62d8\u675f\u5730\u9ad8\u594f\u51ef\u65cb\uff1a\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u6216\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u767e\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5468\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5927\u5730\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u6bb5\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u597d\u5947\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u6211\u77e5\u89c9\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u56de\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u5766\u767d\u9762\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u661f\u5bbf\u81f3\u9c7c\u7c7b\u82b1\u8349\uff0c\u4ece\u9c7c\u7c7b\u82b1\u8349\u81f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5b9e\u8d28\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u2026\u2026\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f0f\u6837\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5730\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u9020\u800c\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u7075\u9b42\u53ca\u8111\u5b50\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684\u2026\u2026\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u773c\u5149\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff09\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u5174\u8d77\u670d\u4e8b\u5c06\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u5f53\u7136\u8fdc\u8d85\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u6240\u8b66\u544a\u7684\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u8c0b\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u542b\u7cca\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff0c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<br 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