{"id":13895,"date":"2025-04-22T21:58:39","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T13:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.7colors.vip\/?p=13895"},"modified":"2025-04-22T21:58:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T13:58:39","slug":"%e9%9d%a2%e5%ad%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.7colors.vip\/?p=13895","title":{"rendered":"\u9762\u5b50"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u201c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u578b\u201d\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff1b1995\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u9053\u3001\u5112\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u5175\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u8be0\u91ca\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u8138\u9762\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u300b\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u4e0e\u201c\u8138\u9762\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u56fa\u7136\u6709\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c3d\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u5185\u6db5\u3002Jacobs\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u7ed3\u5408\u6d3e\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6587\u4e2d\u5374\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u6536\u5f55\u6b64\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u518d\u5219\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u53f0\u6e7e\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u201c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u201c\u57fa\u578b\u201d\u5374\u662f\u4e07\u53d8\u4e0d\u79bb\u5176\u5b97\u3002\u9610\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u6790\u5386\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u300a\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u300b\u662f\u300a\u5112\u6797\u5916\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u7279\u5730\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u5341\u5e74\u5bd2\u7a97\u65e0\u4eba\u95ee\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u6210\u540d\u5929\u4e0b\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u767b\u79d1\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u7136\u770b\u5230\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u5957\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002Sterba\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6697\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u201c\u821e\u53f0\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u6e05\u671d\u672b\u5e74\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u6d0b\u52a1\u81ea\u5f3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u66fe\u7ecf\u9ad8\u4e3e\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u5927\u65d7\uff0c\u5c06\u4e1c\u897f\u6587\u5316\u5212\u4e3a\u4e24\u622a\uff0c\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u8bf7\u6765\u201c\u5fb7\u5148\u751f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d5b\u5148\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u731b\u70c8\u6279\u5224\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u6253\u5012\u5b54\u5bb6\u5e97\u201d\u3001\u201c\u628a\u7ebf\u88c5\u4e66\u6254\u8fdb\u8305\u5395\u5751\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56db\u5c0f\u9f99\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6df1\u6df1\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u5c55\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6b64\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5230\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u201c\u5bb6\u65cf\u5f0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u4e4b\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5f15\u8d77\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u70ed\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u97e6\u4f2f\u5b66\u8bf4\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u66fe\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u5229\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5316\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u6291\u5236\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e4b\u673a\u5236\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u523b\u82e6\u8010\u52b3\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u8c10\u7b49\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f18\u70b9\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6295\u5165\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u6b64\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff1b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u6d41\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7528\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u8138\u9762\u4e0e\u6210\u5c31\u8138\u9762\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\u81ea\u5c0a\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u4e3b\u6d41\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u6709\u5173\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u51c6\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8def\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u540e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u548c\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u4e94\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u5178\u8303\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30022000\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u83b7\u9881\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u201d\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bb2\u5ea7\u201d\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u300a\u591a\u5143\u5178\u8303\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\uff1a\u8bba\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e3b\u9898\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5c06\u6b64\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e00\u5e76\u6536\u5165\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002004\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c1\u8282\u3000\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u897f\u65b9\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u5f53\u6269\u5927\u5176\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5355\u53ea\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f9d\u636e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u505a\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u53c8\u56e0\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5dee\u5e8f\u6027\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u201c\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u65b9\u957f\u671f\u523b\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u9762\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u5ff5\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8c61\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6743\u529b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u957f\u671f\u5784\u65ad\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5916\u6765\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0d\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u6027\u53ca\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08Abbott\uff1b1970\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u66fe\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u672c\u571f\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e38\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bd5\u56fe\u9610\u91ca\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\uff08\u91d1\u8000\u57fa\uff0c1980\uff09\u3001\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff08Ho\uff0c1974\uff1bHu\uff0c1944\uff1bKingandMyers\uff0c1977\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff08\u4e54\u5065\uff0c1982\uff1bJacobs\uff0c1979\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u62a5\u201d\uff08\u6587\u5d07\u4e00\uff0c1982\uff1bYang\uff0c1957\uff09\u7b49\u672c\u571f\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u786e\u6709\u6240\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u90fd\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u5398\u6e05\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u66fe\u6574\u5408\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u6839\u636e\u4e09\u79cd\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u5206\u914d\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u5176\u8d21\u732e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u201d\uff08Deutsch\uff0c1975\uff0cP\u3002143\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff08Leventhal\uff0c1976b\uff1aP\u3002216\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u201c\u4e92\u52a8\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u628a\u5bf9\u65b9\u5f53\u505a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5f7c\u6b64\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u65f6\uff08Lerner\uff0c1975\uff1b1977\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u6cd5\u5219\u6700\u5e38\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5ba2\u89c2\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u644a\u5229\u6da6\u53ca\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u89c6\u5206\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u7ef4\u7cfb\u548c\u4e50\u4e4b\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff08Deutsch\uff0c1975\uff0cP\u3002146\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u53ca\u56e2\u7ed3\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08Leventhal\uff0c1975a\uff1aP\u3002218\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c6\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5360\u6709\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5229\u6da6\u3001\u6210\u679c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5e94\u8be5\u6ee1\u8db3\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7684\u5408\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5747\u70ed\u4e2d\u4e8e\u201c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff08Deutsch\uff1b1975\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u201d\uff08GreenbergandCohen\uff0c1982\uff1bLerner\uff0c1975\uff0c1977\uff1bLeventhal\uff0c1976a\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u95f4\u611f\u60c5\u6df1\u539a\u800c\u6709\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u65f6\uff08Lerner\uff0c1975\uff1b1977\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b14\u8005\u867d\u7136\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u5904\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u8d44\u8baf\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u901f\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u5341\u5206\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \ue083\u6e0c\u4fe3\u70ed\u5300\u7687\ue18e\u53ea\u90dd\ue40a\uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000?br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5374\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u7684\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u4e4b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5dee\u5e8f\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u5185\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u8c10\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u201c\u6069\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u8574\u6db5\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65bd\u6069\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u65bd\u6069\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6069\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u4fbf\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u56de\u62a5\u201c\u6069\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u4e24\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5e73\u8861\uff08Benedict\uff0c1946\uff1bLebra\uff0c1969\uff0c1976\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u60c5\u53ca\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u60c5\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u9762\u5b50\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u56de\u987e\u4ee5\u5f80\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5386\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u6b64\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u673a\u5236\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5373\u4f7f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u6297\u62d2\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u53ca\u897f\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u793e\u533a\u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u5171\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u793e\u4f1a\uff08Tonnies\uff0c1940\uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8054\u7ed3\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u6765\u6108\u6709\u673a\u5316\uff08Durkheim\uff0c1933\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e4b\u4eba\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c2\u8282\u3000\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u8bf8\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6539\u53d8\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Cook\u3000and\u3000Emerson\uff0c1978\uff1bBaldwin\uff0c1978\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u7528\u6743\u529b\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u65b9\u6240\u80fd\u652f\u914d\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9884\u671f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u67d0\u79cd\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u6216\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u907f\u5f00\u4ed6\u6240\u5acc\u6076\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5179\u5c06\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed8\u5982\u56fe\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u60c5\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u571f\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u56fe\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u5730\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5316\u7ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u53cc\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u67b6\u6784\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e09\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6b64\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u5c06\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u548c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e92\u52a8\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u67d0\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u65b9\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u5bf9\u65b9\u5c06\u5176\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u5f80\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u626e\u6f14\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u5019\u53c8\u626e\u6f14\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5404\u8282\u5c06\u5bf9\u56fe\u4e00\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u505a\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c3\u8282\u3000\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5728\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u6216\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\u5747\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\uff08Deutsch\uff0c1975\uff1bSampson\uff0c1975\uff1bLeventhal\uff0c1976a\uff0c1976b\uff0c1980\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\uff08Lerner\uff0c1975\uff0c1977\uff1bGreenbergandCohen\uff0c1982\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u5374\u8f83\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u8bb2\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5dee\u5e8f\u683c\u5c40\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\uff0c1948\uff1bHsu\uff0c1953\uff1bNakamura\uff0c1964\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5411\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u652f\u914d\u6743\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5bc6\u5207\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u4e00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5757\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u659c\u7ebf\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5b9e\u7ebf\u548c\u4e00\u6761\u865a\u7ebf\u5c06\u8be5\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u5206\u9694\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee3\u8868\u5212\u5206\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7406\u754c\u7ebf\u7684\u53ef\u6e17\u900f\u6027\uff1a\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u7ebf\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u56fe\u4e00\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u6210\u5206\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u6210\u5206\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e24\u79cd\u6210\u5206\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u4e45\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5173\u7231\u3001\u6e29\u60c5\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3001\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u7b49\u60c5\u611f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u50cf\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5bc6\u53cb\u3001\u670b\u4faa\u56e2\u4f53\u670b\u4faa\u56e2\u4f53\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u793e\u4f1a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6cdb\u6307\u540c\u8f88\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u2014\u2014\u7f16\u8005\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4f8b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u60c5\u611f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u4ed6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u5927\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff08Hsu\uff0c1967\uff1bLang\uff0c1946\uff1bLevy\uff0c1955\uff1bWinch\uff0c1966\uff09\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u628a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6536\u652f\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6536\u652f\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7279\u8272\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6240\u5f97\u7686\u5f52\u516c\u5e93\uff08\u5987\u5973\u7684\u79c1\u623f\u94b1\u9664\u5916\uff09\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u7686\u7531\u516c\u5e93\u652f\u51fa\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u7531\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6210\u5458\u6240\u5171\u4eab\uff08Shiga\uff0c1978\uff09\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u5206\u5bb6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u201c\u5404\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u201d\u7684\u201c\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u6b64\u4e00\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c3d\u529b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u4e4b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5b50\u5973\u5e7c\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u629a\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6559\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u513f\u7ae5\u538b\u6291\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4e92\u76f8\u5e2e\u5fd9\u4ee5\u589e\u8fdb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\uff08ScofieldandSun\uff0c1960\uff1bWolf\uff0c1964\uff1bWolf\uff0c1970\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7236\u6bcd\u5e74\u8001\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u4ea6\u6709\u8d61\u517b\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ee5\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e14\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u610f\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u4eba\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4ece\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u9645\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e43\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aChin\uff0c1948\uff1bHwang\uff0c1978\uff09\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5f15\u8d77\u8fd9\u7c7b\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eb2\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u5185\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u52a0\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u56fe\u4e00\u7684\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u8005\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u4ed6\u6240\u5e0c\u5180\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7ef4\u6301\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u800c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u5e97\u5458\u548c\u987e\u5ba2\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u53f8\u673a\u548c\u4e58\u5ba2\u3001\u5927\u533b\u9662\u4e2d\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u548c\u95e8\u8bca\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4ee5\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4ea4\u5f80\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u7eb5\u7136\u5e26\u6709\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ea6\u5c5e\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u8bb2\u7a76\u7ae5\u53df\u65e0\u6b3a\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u6027\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u51e1\u88ab\u4e2a\u4eba\u5212\u5f52\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u5730\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6c34\u51c6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bf9\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u62a5\u916c\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1f\u62a5\u916c\u51cf\u53bb\u4ee3\u4ef7\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff08Blau\uff0c1967\uff1bHomans\uff0c1961\uff1bEmerson\uff0c1976\uff09\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\u751a\u4e3a\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u80fd\u4f9d\u636e\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u505a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u9879\u4ea4\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u8bcd\u62d2\u7edd\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fd9\u9879\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u610f\uff08Adams\uff0c1976\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\u800c\u5c3d\u91cf\u505a\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002Bond\u548cLeung\uff081983\uff09\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee596\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d48\u4f4d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u591648\u4f4d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4f4d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u964c\u751f\u4eba\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u52a0\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u5176\u8f83\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u624b\u4ece\u4e00\u4efd\u672c\u56fd\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\u53ca\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u5916\u6587\u7a3f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6284\u5199\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u7b14\u6b3e\u9879\u7ed9\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u53ca\u540c\u4f34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u916c\u52b3\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u66f4\u80fd\u8861\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c2\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u8f83\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5206\u914d\u916c\u52b3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u5728\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4eb2\u548c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u79ef\u6781\u6269\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u65f6\u4e3a\u4f55\u72b9\u7591\u4e0d\u524d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u53ca\u65b0\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u67d0\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8857\u9053\u4e0a\u6321\u4f4f\u964c\u751f\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e2e\u5fd9\u5bc4\u4fe1\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5e2e\u52a9\u964c\u751f\u4eba\uff08HuangandHarris\uff1b1974\uff09\u3002\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u5e38\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e49\u52a1\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u5fd9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u4e50\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u51fa\u81ea\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5728\u4ed4\u7ec6\u56de\u987e\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u56e2\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u8c10\u800c\u538b\u5236\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e86\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u56e2\u4f53\u91c7\u53d6\u975e\u5e38\u6fc0\u70c8\u800c\u4e14\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u52a8\uff08BondandWang\uff0c1982\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u8272\u662f\uff1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u53c8\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e3b\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6df1\u539a\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4eb2\u621a\u3001\u90bb\u5c45\u3001\u5e08\u751f\u3001\u540c\u5b66\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u540c\u4e61\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Fried\uff0c1969\uff1bJacobs\uff0c1979\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5f20\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u3002\u4ece\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6d89\u5165\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u6570\u5f20\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u3002\u4ece\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\uff08Mitchell\uff1b1969\uff1bKapferer\uff0c1969\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53c8\u5404\u6709\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u53c9\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53e6? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u8272\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50cf\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u90a3\u6837\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u957f\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u5373\u4f7f\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9884\u671f\u5c06\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9884\u671f\u5c06\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u9884\u671f\u5176\u5171\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc4\u5224\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u7ed9\u4e88\u534f\u52a9\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u5047\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u575a\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bf9\u65b9\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5219\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7834\u574f\u5176\u4eba\u7f18\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bf9\u65b9\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u65b9\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u6743\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u5229\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u5404\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fd0\u7528\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c4\u8282\u3000\u4eba\u60c5\u53ca\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5927\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u906d\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u4f55\u8c13\u4eba\u60c5\uff1f\u559c\u3001\u6012\u3001\u54c0\u3001\u60e7\u3001\u7231\u3001\u6076\u3001\u6b32\uff0c\u4e03\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u5b66\u800c\u80fd\u3002\u201d\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u6653\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5177\u6709\u201c\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u906d\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u559c\u5176\u6240\u559c\u3001\u54c0\u5176\u6240\u54c0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6295\u5176\u6240\u597d\u3001\u907f\u5176\u6240\u6076\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fbf\u662f\u901a\u60c5\u8fbe\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u559c\u3001\u6012\u3001\u54c0\u3001\u4e50\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\uff0c\u89c1\u4eba\u6709\u559c\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u6b23\u7136\u4e8e\u8272\uff1b\u9047\u4eba\u6709\u96be\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u62d4\u5200\u76f8\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u901a\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9988\u8d60\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u6709\u559c\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u8d60\u9001\u793c\u7269\uff1b\u522b\u4eba\u6709\u6025\u96be\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u662f\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u5bf9\u65b9\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u793c\u7269\u6216\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4fbf\u6b20\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u8c13\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u4e8c\u4eba\u60c5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u6027\u4e8c\u5411\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e4b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Foa\u548cFoa\u5728\u5176\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf4\u201d\uff08resource\u3000theory\u3000of\u3000social\u3000exchange\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u5ea6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff08Foa\u3000and\u3000Foa\uff0c1976\uff09\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5750\u6807\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5219\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u5728\u5176\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0eFoa\u548cFoa\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u7231\u60c5\u201d\u7ea6\u7565\u76f8\u5f53\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e8c\uff09\u3002\u7531\u56fe\u4e8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u548c\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6027\u5219\u5c45\u4e2d\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u8d22\u8d27\u6216\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u4eba\u60c5\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u503a\u4e4b\u96be\u4ee5\u6e05\u507f\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u7406\u5373\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u662f\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u5e38\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u9988\u8d60\u793c\u7269\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u95ee\u5019\u3001\u62dc\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201c\u6709\u6765\u6709\u5f80\uff0c\u4eb2\u7737\u4e0d\u51b7\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u65af\u4e4b\u8c13\u4e5f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u906d\u9047\u5230\u8d2b\u75c5\u56f0\u5384\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u96be\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u201c\u4e0d\u5fcd\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u60c5\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f53\u8c05\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u529b\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\uff0c\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u3002\u201c\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\uff0c\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u8574\u6db5\u7684\u201c\u5df1\u4e4b\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u65bd\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6055\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u201c\u53d7\u4eba\u70b9\u6ef4\u4e4b\u6069\uff0c\u987b\u5f53\u6d8c\u6cc9\u4ee5\u62a5\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u53d7\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u6b20\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u65f6\u65f6\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u6307\u79f0\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u4f1a\u9884\u671f\u5c06\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u907f\u514d\u4eba\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Deutsch\uff0c1975\uff1bLeventhal\uff0c1976a\uff1bShapiro\uff0c1975\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u6295\u5165\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u53ca\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f9d\u7167\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6b64\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Bond\u3001Leung\u548cWan\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u5f53\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u9879\u6210\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u5206\u914d\u6210\u679c\u7ed9\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u53d6\u5e73\u7b49\u5747\u5206\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u56e2\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5b81\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\uff1a\u8d21\u732e\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u800c\u8d21\u732e\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6731\u771f\u8339\u548c\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff081976\uff09\u6240\u505a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u5173\u5206\u914d\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u504f\u597d\u5728\u540c\u4f34\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u8d5e\u8bb8\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u8499\u53d7\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4ea6\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u3002\u5f53\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u6bd4\u540c\u4f34\u5dee\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b81\u613f\u4f9d\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6765\u5206\u914d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u6bd4\u540c\u4f34\u597d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u5229\u76ca\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u56e2\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u4e0e\u56e2\u7ed3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c5\u8282\u3000\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u53ca\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u53ca\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Gouldner\uff081960\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\uff08Levi\u2026Strauss\u30001965\uff1bMalinowski\uff0c1926\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u65e0\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u62a5\u4e4b\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff08Yang\uff0c1957\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u8303\u7574\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u671f\u9650\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u9884\u671f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u4e4b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u4ea4\u4ed8\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u7ed9\u4e88\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u5982\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u62d6\u5ef6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u767d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u56de\u62a5\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u62a5\u4e4b\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u3002\u201c\u517b\u513f\u9632\u8001\uff0c\u79ef\u8c37\u9632\u9965\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4fbf\u8574\u6db5\u6709\u7236\u6bcd\u9884\u671f\u5b50\u5973\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u5747\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7537\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8f6e\u6d41\u8d61\u517b\u5e74\u8001\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff08Lang\uff0c1946\uff1b\u674e\u4ea6\u56ed\uff0c1967\uff1bWang\u30001967\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56de\u62a5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u662f\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u671f\u9650\u4e0a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u629a\u517b\u5b50\u5973\u65f6\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4e88\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u4ed8\u51fa\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u5b50\u5973\u56de\u62a5\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u201c\u5404\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b50\u5973\u56de\u62a5\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u53ef\u957f\u53ef\u77ed\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u671f\u9650\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u548c\u201c\u62a5\u4e4b\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8574\u6db5\u7684\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u6216\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8bb2\u7a76\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6069\u62a5\u6069\uff0c\u6709\u4ec7\u62a5\u4ec7\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u8303\u7574\uff08\u6587\u5d07\u4e00\uff0c1982\uff09\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65e2\u4e0d\u50cf\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u90a3\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u50cf\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u90a3\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5408\u5219\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u5219\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u5047\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u987e\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u800c\u5f00\u7f6a\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u5e73\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6295\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6843\uff0c\u62a5\u4e4b\u4ee5\u674e\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u906d\u9047\u5230\u8d2b\u75c5\u56f0\u5384\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u5927\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u5f00\u53e3\u5411\u62e5\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u6743\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e2e\u5fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u800c\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u6069\u8005\u4fbf\u6b20\u4e0b\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e00\u4efd\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u4fdf\u673a\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u4fbf\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e0d\u8bb2\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4f38\u51fa\u63f4\u52a9\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u5f04\u50f5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f7c\u6b64\u201c\u53cd\u76ee\u6210\u4ec7\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u673a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u9884\u671f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u65bd\u4eba\u614e\u52ff\u5ff5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65bd\u6069\u62d2\u62a5\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5723\u8d24\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u201d\uff08\u91d1\u8000\u57fa\uff0c1980\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f26\u7406\u5341\u5206\u80af\u5b9a\u201c\u53d7\u6069\u8005\u201d\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u53d7\u65bd\u614e\u52ff\u5fd8\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6709\u5fb7\u4e8e\u6211\uff0c\u867d\u5c0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u62a5\u4e4b\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51c6\u7ef3\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65bd\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u671f\u5f85\uff1a\u53d7\u8005\u6b20\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u53e3\u5411\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5fc5\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u79cd\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u624d\u613f\u610f\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c6\u8282\u3000\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u56f0\u5883
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u4ed8\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u671f\u5bf9\u65b9\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u6069\u60e0\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u671f\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u5411\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u6c42\u60c5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4fbf\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u67d0\u4e9b\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6108\u5927\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u63e1\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6743\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8fdd\u80cc\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u975e\u8bae\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u60e9\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u65b9\u8bf7\u6258\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u53d7\u8005\u56de\u62a5\u4e4b\u9884\u671f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u53d7\u4eba\u70b9\u6ef4\u4e4b\u6069\uff0c\u5b9a\u5f53\u6d8c\u6cc9\u4ee5\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u91cc\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u65bd\u6069\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u671f\u53d7\u8005\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u7ec8\u5c06\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u60c5\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u65f6\u65e5\u9065\u9065\u65e0\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u8ba1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u7167\u5bf9\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u53c8\u4ee5\u51fa\u624b\u5927\u65b9\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6108\u5e7f\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6108\u4e30\u539a\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6108\u4f4e\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u6108\u5c0f\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6108\u5c11\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u53c8\u662f\u5c0f\u6c14\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u4e5f\u6108\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5728\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u8981\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u65b9\u201c\u7ed3\u4ea4\u5c3d\u6743\u8d35\uff0c\u5f80\u6765\u65e0\u767d\u4e01\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u8d35\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u4e0d\u770b\u50e7\u9762\u770b\u4f5b\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u5c48\u4ece\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5bb6\u4e16\u5bd2\u5fae\uff0c\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4fbf\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a8\u62d2\u4ed6\u7684\u6c42\u60c5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u5018\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4ed6\u6c42\u60c5\u8005\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u65bd\u6069\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u5747\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5bf9\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u5747\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \uff17\u7c97\ue17a\ue0d7\u5055\u74d2\u82d1\u997a\ue7c9\ue786\u82c4\u3002\ue0ee\u7f6e\u6325\u60fa\u88c1\u74f7\u7f01\u5cc1\u53f5\u62c5\ue0cd\u5ba6\u52a2\u90ae\u8291\u8693\u82ab\ue249\u82d1\u964d\u56ca\ue026\u8785\ue0ef\u3066\u8be8\u4e47\u01d6\u6728\ue249\u707e\u7a3b\ue2a3\u6dee\u8785\ue0ef\u86e9\ue35e\u61a7\u8d61\u82ab\u82ab\ue249\u82d1\u964d\u90a3\u80ea\u5c0f\uff34\u8c25\u6cc4\ue318\u7f01\u5d82\u6821\ue0e9\u5955\u310e\u5958\u6734\u6cbb\u595a\u7f01\u5cc1\u53f5\u6863\u5a1c\u800d\ue0ef\u8c11\u0431\u996c\u5b9e\u602a\ue1aa\u5575\ue0ce\uff1b\u5ca3\u5211\u5c3d\u7b06\u635e\ue0ec\u7422\u57c2\u8584\u2170\u53ed\u9972\u6978\u222a\u7f30\u5065\u4fdd\ue0e1\u6d9e\u89c8\u7811\u4e1b\u8c1f\u8bd6\u6055\uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000?br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u62d6\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u5177\u4f53\u7b54\u590d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u60c5\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u53c8\u5f88\u96be\u9884\u671f\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u65e2\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7b54\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\u4e88\u4ee5\u56de\u7edd\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u62d6\u5ef6\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bf9\u65b9\u80af\u5b9a\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7b54\u590d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bf9\u65b9\u6b63\u9762\u7b54\u590d\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u6700\u597d\u53e6\u8c0b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u8da3\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u6b49\u610f\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u7531\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7231\u83ab\u80fd\u52a9\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u7684\u62d6\u5ef6\u4e0d\u51b3\u800c\u607c\u706b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u60c5\u52bf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u800c\u641e\u50f5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u7684\u9762\u524d\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6cf0\u7136\u81ea\u82e5\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d6\u5411\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u4ece\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u5f97\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u987a\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u671f\u671b\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u578b\uff08Hsu\uff0c1953\uff1bYang\uff0c1981\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u578b\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6216\u9690\u542b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u7eb8\u7b14\u6d4b\u9a8c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u663e\u5f97\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08Fenz\u3000and\u3000Arkoff\uff0c1962\uff1bHwang\uff0c1967\uff1bSingh\uff0cHuang\u3000and\u3000Thompson\uff0c1962\uff09\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08Fenz\u3000and\u3000Arkoff\uff0c1962\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5916\u5411\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08Sue\u3000and\u3000Kirk\uff0c1972\uff09\uff0c\u987a\u4ece\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08Fenz\u3000and\u3000Arkoff\uff0c1962\uff09\uff0c\u59a5\u534f\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08Huang\uff0c1974\uff1bSue\u3000and\u3000Kirk\uff0c1972\uff1bTarwarter\uff0c1966\uff09\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0a\u91cd\u6743\u5a01\uff08Huang\uff0c1974\uff1bMeade\u3000and\u3000Whittaker\uff0c1967\uff1bSingh\uff1bHuang\uff0cand\u3000Thompson\uff0c1962\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6709\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08Lao\uff0c1977\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u518d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u660e\u663e\u8981\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u987a\u4ece\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u4ece\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u53cd\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff08Chu\uff0c1979\uff1bMeade\u3000and\u3000Barnard\uff0c1973\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6a21\u4eff\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u663e\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u654f\u611f\uff08Chu\uff0c1979\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u5f0f\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f0f\u6216\u653e\u4efb\u5f0f\u4e09\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u56e2\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8f83\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Meade\uff0c1970\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Hiniker\uff081969\uff09\u66fe\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u670d\u4ece\u6743\u52bf\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee520\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f50\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5f3a\u8feb\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e3a\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5f3a\u8feb\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u5916\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u9020\u6210\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5e76\u672a\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u8981\u51cf\u4f4e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5916\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u987a\u4ece\u6216\u53cd\u6297\u793e\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c7\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\uff1a\u5370\u8c61\u6574\u9970
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u516d\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\uff1a\u5370\u8c61\u6574\u9970\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u5176\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u58f0\u671b\uff08Hu\uff0c1944\uff09\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5370\u8c61\u6574\u9970\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6545\u610f\u505a\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Schlenker\uff0c1980\uff1bSchneider\uff0c1969\uff0c1981\uff1bTedeschi\u3000and\u3000Riess\uff0c1988\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Goffman\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\uff08dramaturgical\u3000theory\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u4e3a\u524d\u53f0\u548c\u540e\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff08Goffman\uff0c1959\uff09\u3002\u7528\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u662f\u505a\u7ed9\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u770b\u7684\u201c\u524d\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u771f\u8bda\u884c\u4e3a\u5219\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u663e\u9732\u7ed9\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u201d\u770b\u7684\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f5c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6f14\u620f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u523b\u610f\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u4ed6\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4fee\u9970\u4ed6\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u7684\u670d\u88c5\u4eea\u8868\u548c\u4e3e\u6b62\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4f55\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff08Alexander\u3000and\u3000Knight\uff0c1971\uff1bAlexander\u3000and\u3000Rudd\uff0c1981\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u58f0\u671b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5bb6\u4e16\u3001\u7956\u7c4d\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7d20\u8d28\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5b66\u8bc6\u3001\u7f8e\u8c8c\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f97\u81ea\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff08Ho\uff0c1976\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5904\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08Jacob\uff0c1979\uff09\u3002\u8bb2\u7a76\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4ed6\u80fd\u652f\u914d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u6743\u6709\u52bf\u7684\u4eba\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u6108\u5927\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7528\u60c5\u5883\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u670d\u88c5\u4eea\u5bb9\u548c\u4e3e\u6b62\u52a8\u4f5c\u6765\u70ab\u8000\u4ed6\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u5b66\u95ee\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u7f8e\u8c8c\u7b49\u7b49\u6743\u529b\u8c61\u5f81\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u201c\u524d\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u6765\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u5728\u5ba2\u5385\u91cc\u60ac\u6302\u540d\u4eba\u5b57\u753b\uff0c\u8eab\u4e0a\u4f69\u6234\u8981\u4eba\u9001\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u548c\u67d0\u8981\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u5982\u4f55\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4f8b\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u5b50\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u4ed6\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u987e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ef6\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u5c0a\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5185\u7701\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c2\u5730\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u5931\u53bb\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u4f1a\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u201c\u7ef4\u62a4\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u79cd\u79cd\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u6765\u201c\u4e89\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u6731\u745e\u73b2\uff0c1983\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u201c\u6dfb\u52a0\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u4e5f\u8981\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u201c\u6577\u884d\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff08Chiao\uff0c1981\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u5408\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u957f\u8f88\uff1b\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc4\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u59d4\u5a49\u6216\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u8a00\u8bcd\uff1b\u5bf9\u5584\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5168\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e88\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Silin\uff0c1976\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u770b\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Bond\u3000and\u3000Lee\uff1b1981\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5411\u5176\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u6c42\u4eba\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5c0a\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u5f88\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6709\u6069\u62a5\u6069\uff0c\u6709\u4ec7\u62a5\u4ec7\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5bf9\u65b9\u9762\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u96be\u582a\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u6700\u597d\u662f\u8003\u8651\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u7559\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u597d\u76f8\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u505a\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u5149\u5f69\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b20\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f3a\u673a\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff08Hu\uff0c1944\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u65e2\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7b54\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u635f\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bf9\u65b9\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u590d\uff0c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u62d6\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d6\u5ef6\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5374\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b9\u989c\u9762\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u505a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u70ab\u8000\u5176\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff1b\u4ee5\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u5f71\u54cd\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4f9d\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u6539\u53d8\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u73a9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c8\u8282\u3000\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e03\u3001\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u56fe\u4e00\u53ca\u524d\u8ff0\u5404\u8282\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5982\u679c\u671f\u671b\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4f9d\u7167\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5bf9\u65b9\u5957\u7cfb\u5728\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5173\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4fdd\u6301\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6500\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u62c9\u4ea4\u60c5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ba4\u4eb2\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u89d2\u8272\u5957\u7cfb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u539f\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u201c\u7f18\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u53ca\u5176\u6027\u8d28\uff08\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1982\uff09\u3002\u840d\u6c34\u76f8\u9022\u5f0f\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u6027\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u201c\u6500\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u62c9\u4ea4\u60c5\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4fbf\u80fd\u628a\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5076\u9047\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u5b9a\u6216\u524d\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u673a\u7f18\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u6cd5\u628a\u5bf9\u65b9\u5957\u7cfb\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u5176\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6743\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fde\u5076\u9047\u7684\u201c\u673a\u7f18\u201d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u79cd\u79cd\u201c\u94bb\u8425\u201d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5173\u7cfb\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5f15\u4ecb\uff0c\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u201c\u4e32\u8054\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u4e54\u5065\uff0c1982\uff1bWalder\uff0c1983\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u201c\u4e32\u201d\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u201c\u4e0d\u770b\u50e7\u9762\u770b\u4f5b\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6500\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u53ea\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6743\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u7528\u62dc\u8bbf\u3001\u9001\u793c\u3001\u5bb4\u5ba2\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u4ee5\u5bb4\u8bf7\u548c\u9001\u793c\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff08Yang\uff0c1982a\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u201c\u5403\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u5634\u8f6f\uff0c\u62ff\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u624b\u77ed\u201d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5bb4\u8bf7\u6216\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u6b20\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5bb4\u4f1a\u6108\u4e30\u76db\uff0c\u793c\u7269\u6108\u8d35\u91cd\uff0c\u6b20\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u4e5f\u6108\u591a\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u65b9\u5f00\u53e3\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u5fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4fbf\u96be\u4ee5\u56de\u7edd\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4fbf\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u652f\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c10\u8282\u3000\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u89c4\u907f
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u516b\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u89c4\u907f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u524d\u8ff0\u5404\u8282\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9988\u8d60\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6709\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u8d22\u8d27\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u5f88\u96be\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201c\u53d7\u4eba\u70b9\u6ef4\u4e4b\u6069\uff0c\u5b9a\u5f53\u6d8c\u6cc9\u4ee5\u62a5\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u65e6\u6b20\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e07\u4e00\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u5f00\u53e3\u6c42\u52a9\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fbf\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u8981\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5c3d\u529b\u8bbe\u6cd5\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u56de\u62a5\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u503a\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u7ed3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u201c\u94b1\u503a\u597d\u8fd8\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u503a\u96be\u507f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5c3d\u529b\u8bbe\u6cd5\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6709\u94b1\u6709\u52bf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u754f\u60e7\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u74dc\u845b\u4f1a\u635f\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u56fe\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u884d\u51fa\u51e0\u79cd\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5316\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u56fe\u4e00\u4ee3\u8868\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u5185\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u5b9e\u7ebf\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u5206\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u53ca\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027\u5747\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u865a\u7ebf\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u6b64\u4e00\u865a\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e4b\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u57df\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u6cbe\u4e0a\u4e00\u70b9\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f85\uff1b\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u57df\u8f83\u7a84\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u65b9\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u591a\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e4b\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u793e\u4f1a \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u5411\u4e8e\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e4b\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5185\u5316\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u526f\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u526f\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u60c5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5404\u9879\u4e8b\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e8b\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u4e4b\u526f\u6587\u5316\u6210\u957f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8f83\u4e0d\u7406\u4f1a\u4eba\u60c5\u5305\u88b1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5904\u4e16\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8bb2\u7a76\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4f20\u7edf\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u6001\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u9887\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6001\u5ea6\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6027\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\u201d\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u4e0e\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1972\uff1bYang\uff0c1981\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u8bf8\u5982\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\uff08Yang\uff0c1976\uff1b\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\u4e0e\u6587\u5d07\u4e00\uff0c1976\uff1bYang\uff0c1981\uff09\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\uff08Podmor\u3000and\u3000Chaney\uff0c1974\uff09\u3001\u63a5\u89e6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u5a92\u4f53\uff08Dawson\u3000and\u3000Ng\uff0c1972\uff09\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e3b\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\uff0c1971\uff1a\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1972\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\u4e0e\u6881\u671b\u60e0\uff0c1973\uff09\u53ca\u5bf9\u632b\u6298\u7684\u8d23\u4ed6\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1974\uff09\u6709\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5174\u8da3\uff08\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\uff0c1971\uff1b\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\u4e0e\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\uff0c1974\uff09\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8d5e\u8a89\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u4e0e\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1972\uff09\u3001\u987a\u4ece\u53ca\u8c26\u5351\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1972\uff09\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Yang\uff0c1976\uff1b\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\u4e0e\u77bf\u6d77\u6e90\uff0c1974\uff09\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\uff08\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\u4e0e\u5f20\u5206\u78ca\uff0c1977\uff09\u53ca\u5bf9\u632b\u6298\u7684\u81ea\u8d23\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1974\uff09\u7b49\u6709\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e9b\u63a2\u8ba8\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6001\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e4b\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6781\u5bcc\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u7537\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u9762\u524d\u8fa8\u8ba4\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u662f\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u5ef6\u957f\u5448\u73b0\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u77ac\u95f4\u663e\u793a\u5668\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6001\u5ea6\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8fa8\u8ba4\u51fa\u4e0e\u6027\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u7a98\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u538b\u6291\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u503e\u5411\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u4e0e\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1972\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e00\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u53cd\u590d\u505a\u4e00\u9879\u5355\u8c03\u800c\u5197\u957f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u56f4\u68cb\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6361\u8d77\uff0c\u653e\u5165\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5012\u51fa\u6765\u518d\u6361\u8d77\uff0c\u8fbe20\u5206\u949f\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u53d7\u6d4b\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5411\u5ea6\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u6b64\u4e00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6001\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8bc4\u5b9a\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u6280\u80fd\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f5c\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u4e0d\u5177\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u518d\u5ea6\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u610f\u613f\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u4e0e\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff0c1972\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6001\u5ea6\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5207\u8eab\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5982\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bfe\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u9009\u8bfe\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u6216\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u5f81\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u503e\u5411\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u5185\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5f85\u4eba\u63a5\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7406\u4f1a\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u60c5\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u53ca\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8001\u677f\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\uff0c1983\uff1bRedding\uff0c1983\uff1bSilin\uff0c1976\uff09\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff0c\u8001\u677f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6307\u6d3e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u6216\u4eb2\u621a\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ae0\u7a0b\u53ca\u804c\u52a1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3001\u804c\u6743\u53ca\u8d23\u4efb\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5212\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u800c\u663e\u5f97\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u8003\u7ee9\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e3b\u89c2\u5730\u8bc4\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u4ece\u8001\u677f\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u8868\u592a\u591a\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u548c\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91c7\u884c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3b\u7ba1\u53ca\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u529e\u6cd5\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3001\u957f\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u4ee5\u804c\u52a1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u754c\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u8bc4\u5b9a\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u8003\u7ee9\u800c\u5b9a\u7684\u5956\u60e9\u529e\u6cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8001\u677f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u5458\u5de5\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6b64\u4e00\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u5236\u5ea6\u660e\u786e\u6027\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3001\u5956\u60e9\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u8c10\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6c14\u6c1b\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u6388\u6743\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u4e09\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5916\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u4e4b\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ca\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u672c\u5730\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u6709\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672c\u5730\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5747\u8f83\u5bb6\u65cf\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u5065\u5168\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u7ae0\u4f7f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u5c5e\u4e0b\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c14\u6c1b\u5219\u8f83\u4eba\u60c5\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u53ca\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5230\u964c\u751f\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2a\u4eba\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u7684\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u81ea\u5df1\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5230\u90bb\u8fd1\u57ce\u9547\u53bb\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u5f00\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5230\u751f\u758f\u7684\u793e\u533a\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u6240\u987e\u5fcc\u5730\u548c\u987e\u5ba2\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u518d\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u5b98\u5458\u8c03\u79bb\u672c\u7c4d\u5230\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5916\u5730\u53bb\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u540f\u907f\u514d\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u6270\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8d2f\u5f7b\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9177\u540f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5bf9\u767e\u59d3\u6a2a\u5f81\u66b4\u655b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5b98\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u800c\u4e2d\u9971\u79c1\u56ca\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5fc3\u7406\u201c\u533a\u9694\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u533a\u9694\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u533a\u9694\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u7574\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u533a\u9694\u3002\u5c31\u5bf9\u201c\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u533a\u9694\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u5f80\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c4\u907f\u4eba\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u575a\u6301\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u62e5\u6709\u652f\u914d\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5728\u5904\u7406\u516c\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u516c\u79c1\u5206\u660e\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c11\u8282\u3000\u7ed3\u8bba
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u6587\u5316\u666e\u904d\u7684\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u6781\u7aef\u5f3a\u8c03\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u7eed\u8c31\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u5411\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea4\u6613\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u505a\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u9488\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u505a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGreenberg\u3000and\u3000Cohen\uff0c1982\uff1bMessick\u3000and\u3000Cook\uff0c1983\uff1bWalster\uff0cWalster\uff0cand\u3000Berscheid\uff0c1978\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b14\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u8f83\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u89c4\u8303\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u56de\u62a5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5219\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u5dee\u5e8f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u7ef4\u6301\u591a\u4e45\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u6765\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u4e4b\u6027\u8d28\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e49\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u505a\u79cd\u79cd\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u9762\u5b50\u3001\u5931\u9762\u5b50\u548c\u633d\u56de\u9762\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u8bf7\u6258\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u51cf\u635f\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u6027\u6210\u5206\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u5f3a\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u957f\u4e45\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1f\u201c\u6587\u5316\u201d\u4f7f\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u8d25\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u5373\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u5965\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4f7f\u7136\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5dee\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u7531\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u4efb\u610f\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u4ea4\u5f80\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6216\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u7279\u522b\u654f\u611f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u7136\u5b58\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7531\u7ed3\u6784\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u52a8\u5458\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u9009\u7968\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Jacobs\uff0c1979\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u5982Butterfield\uff081982\uff09\u53caWalder\uff081983\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8d70\u540e\u95e8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u641e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u63a7\u5236\u7a00\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u5bfc\u624b\u4e2d\u4e5e\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u6069\u60e0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u5e94\u4ed8\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u50cf\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6d88\u9000\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u51cf\u5f31\u5417\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u529b\u91cf\u6b63\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5b83\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6df1\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u9010\u6e10\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5927\u673a\u6784\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u6297\u62d2\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u8bcd\u6c47\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u5f62\u6001\u4ecd\u65e7\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u5149\u8003\u8651\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5177\u6709\u201c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u9645\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c12\u8282\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u89c2
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\/\u80e1\u5148\u7f19\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u80e1\u5148\u7f19\u5973\u58eb\uff08Hu\uff0cHsien\uff0dChin\uff09\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u7559\u7f8e\u4e4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u4f1a\u6e34\u6c42\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u9644\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5374\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u6001\u5ea6\u8fe5\u5f02\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7ecf\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u8bed\u6c47\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bf9\u5176\u4f20\u627f\u8005\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9976\u5177\u5174\u5473\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u501f\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u58f0\u8a89\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a33\u56fa\u6216\u63d0\u5347\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u4e4b\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u76f8\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u3002\u5c31\u5b57\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\u90e8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u53d7\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6b65\u6b65\u9ad8\u5347\uff0c\u501f\u7531\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5938\u8000\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u501f\u7740\u4e2a\u4eba\u52aa\u529b\u6216\u523b\u610f\u7ecf\u8425\u800c\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6062\u7a1a\ue2c4\ue46a\ue0f0\u9990\u7a83\u8c0c\u677e\ue30f\ue302\u8ba8\u80c1\u8bb2\u7901\u5471\ue40c\ue0d8\u680c\u6c99\u6652\ue786\u6d82\u6e5f\ue073\ue24e\u7ae6\u73ab\u62ff\ue376\ue294\ue0ed\u5f69\u5899\u67b3\u9e25\u92c8\u4f3a\ue0dc\ue787\u86a9\u6843\u9969\ue14c\ue015\ue253\u520d\ue42f\u9e44\u5439\u7eb3\ue2c4\ue468\uff32\ue01a\u7ae6\u8c1c\u5eb5\u631a\u9699\u01ce\ue0cd\u5ba6\u58bc\u8c0c\u9b4f\u95ee\u7119\u8703\u6655\u53f6\u6025\u5326\u80d9\u96bc\u4f4e\u5ea0\u8be8\u80aa\u573a\uff21\u786a\u6853\u936a\u6070\u50b2\u573a\u94a1\u6bcd\u62cd\u777f\ue0de\u62e6\ue317\u6002\u6dd9\u5ba6\u6742\u5174\ue2c7\ue002\ue0e3\u6b21\u4e1b\ue268\u5b32\ue41e\u4e93\u79c1\u9991\ue3ac\uff35\u9990\u5ced\u76d8\u5ba5\u7f18\u8d56\u94dd\u5df1\u8c1c\u549a\ue2a4\u949f\u68b0\u6dd6\u9e41\u77d7\u8d6b\u5eb5\u79e9\u5b8b\u863c\u58bc\u5ea5\u92c8\u9b4f\u536b\ue7a2\u7729\ue0d1\u84df\u5d27\u7537\u674f\ue78a\u3009\u56ca\u9026\u7622\u6643\u863c\u58bc\u8c11\u88c1\u8f9e\u69ad\u9c7f\u62e2\ue0d1\u84df\u5c9c\u7850\u6b96\u9c8e\u7ea6\u83cf\u6b49\u7a23\ue43f\u94a1\u5a1c\u6055\uff2b\ue3bf\ue300\u7829\u7f01\u5cab\u6742\u8c27\u6655\u4e1a\u6ee6\u707e\ue1a4\u66be\ue362\u7537\u6e43\u5371\ue0ed\u574f\u2526\ue7a6\u30cb\ue3ae\ue0ef\u868b\u92c8\u542e\u612b\u82e3\u9e2d\u7ee6\ue267\u8c0f\u7f1b\u8910\u59d3\ue41c\uff34\u4fd7\u9ccc\uff01\u50b2\u573a\u8f88\u574f\ue087\u4fcf\ue0d6\u3055\u8d56\u5364\u66dc\u5ac9\u56ca\u6062\u7a1a\u7f01\u5d69\u9645\ue254\u0393\ue0ed\u5f69\u4e14\u6062\u5e1c\u8be8\ue1ea\u6dd6\u6655\u6291\u5703\u5242\u03b1\u4fca\uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000?br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u672a\u66fe\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u58f0\u8a89\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8f83\u524d\u8005\u8fdc\u4e3a\u53e4\u8001\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u201d\u4fbf\u6709\u6307\u6d89\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5219\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u300a\u5eb7\u7199\u5b57\u5178\u300b\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5178\u6545\u51fa\u81ea\u5143\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u51431227\u5e74\u81f31367\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d77\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u201c\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u201d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u865a\u5b57\u201c\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u4e2d\u90e8\u90fd\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5728\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u90e8\u5404\u7701\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5982\u5b83\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u201d\u6240\u6307\u4f55\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u4f53\u4f1a\u5176\u5dee\u5f02\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c13\u8282\u3000\u8138\uff1a\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u8138\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u662f\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e4b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d23\u96be\u3002\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u77e5\u6089\uff0c\u4fbf\u6784\u6210\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u6c61\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u53d1\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u8d23\u96be\u3002\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u88ab\u63ed\u7a7f\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u5351\u52a3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5df1\u79c1\u5229\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u4efb\u804c\u671f\u95f4\u6709\u6e0e\u804c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u80cc\u5f03\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u6b3a\u9a97\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u6709\u5987\u4e4b\u592b\u548c\u5c11\u5973\u53d1\u751f\u8d8a\u8f68\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u975e\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u65c5\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6751\u5e84\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u519c\u4eba\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u7528\u519c\u4eba\u7684\u9a74\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u519c\u4eba\u8dd1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9a74\u5b50\u6ca1\u7a7a\u513f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u518d\u7b49\u4e00\u5929\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u7ea6\u5728\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5973\u58eb\u8bbe\u6cd5\u53e6\u5916\u518d\u627e\u4e00\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u5148\u5728\u65c5\u5e97\u4e2d\u6765\u56de\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5435\u5230\u5ead\u9662\u5916\u3002\u56f4\u89c2\u8005\u6ca1\u4eba\u5f00\u53e3\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u6447\u5934\uff0c\u53e3\u4e2d\u5ff5\u5ff5\u6709\u8bcd\u3002\u519c\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6108\u6765\u6108\u9ad8\u6602\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c03\u5934\u79bb\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba9\u90a3\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u58eb\u81ea\u884c\u518d\u627e\u4e00\u5934\u9a74\u3002\u519c\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u65c5\u4eba\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u5360\u4fbf\u5b9c\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u975e\u96be\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001935\u5e74\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u7684\u6700\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6709\u4f4d\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u7b54\u5e94\u548c\u5979\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u5979\u6000\u5b55\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u5199\u4fe1\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5973\u751f\u968f\u5373\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\u3002\u904d\u5bfb\u4e0d\u7740\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u968f\u5373\u4e0a\u540a\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u90a3\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u7acb\u523b\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u522410\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5bfc\u81f4\u5973\u5b69\u8d70\u4e0a\u7edd\u8def\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u6740\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u63a7\u8bc9\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8bae\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u6076\u884c\u52a3\u8ff9\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u201c\u4e22\u5c3d\u4e86\u8138\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u5e76\u975e\u6c38\u8fdc\u7ad9\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u4eba\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u60c5\u6709\u53ef\u539f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4e86\u79c1\u5229\u800c\u8fdd\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u501f\u81ea\u6740\u6765\u66b4\u9732\u8d1f\u5fc3\u6c49\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4eba\u5927\u53d1\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u62a8\u51fb\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8001\u5e08\u72af\u9519\u800c\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u4e11\u3002\u987e\u5ba2\u53d1\u73b0\u5546\u4eba\u60f3\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5360\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u6765\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u5546\u4eba\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u610f\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u73cd\u60dc\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5546\u8a89\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7279\u522b\u55e6\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u62db\u6765\u8def\u4eba\u4fa7\u76ee\u3002\u4ec6\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u987e\u5ba2\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u624b\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\u7684\u6124\u6012\u662f\u5f31\u8005\u6216\u6b3a\u8bc8\u4e0d\u516c\u4e4b\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6240\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u8eab\u5c45\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5730\u65b9\u4e61\u7ec5\u6216\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u5468\u65cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u683c\u5916\u5ba1\u614e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7406\u5e94\u53d7\u5230\u5e74\u7eaa\u8f83\u8f7b\u53ca\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\u8005\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u8fdd\u80cc\u793e\u4f1a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u81ea\u6211\u5c0a\u4e25\u65f6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u6108\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e5f\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u7a77\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6499\u8282\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6709\u5931\u4f53\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u5927\u4f17\u975e\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u7c97\u9c81\u7684\u4e61\u4e0b\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u5435\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u5931\u5c0a\u4e25\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u9664\u4e86\u7d2f\u79ef\u77e5\u8bc6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u9676\u51b6\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u559d\u8fc7\u58a8\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u6bd4\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u8282\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u548c\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\u7684\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u4e89\u5435\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u800c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e3b\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u6bd4\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u5b50\u5360\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\uff1b\u5728\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7f6e\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u975e\u8bae\u800c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u65cf\u5e74\u7eaa\u76f8\u82e5\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5a5a\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\u4fbf\u5fc5\u987b\u50cf\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u518d\u505a\u51fa\u8bf8\u5982\u5403\u7cd6\u548c\u653e\u97ad\u70ae\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5b69\u63d0\u822c\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u672a\u5a5a\u7684\u5802\u5144\u5f1f\u6765\u8bf4\u5219\u5c5e\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u56e0\u4e3a\u7537\u4ec6\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u800c\u6253\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u8bb0\u8033\u5149\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6253\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7c97\u9c81\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u5b69\u5bf9\u7537\u4ec6\u65bd\u52a0\u4f53\u7f5a\u66f4\u662f\u6709\u5931\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5fcd\u53d7\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u5907\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4ec6\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u662f\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u5230\u5bb6\u3002\u6ca1\u4eba\u540c\u60c5\u6211\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u7537\u4ec6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u975e\u96be\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u56fd\u8d1f\u6709\u6761\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u7684\u59d1\u606f\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u987e\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u4fe1\u5b88\u5bf9\u5f31\u56fd\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u7b26\u5176\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53c8\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u8896\u60f3\u88ab\u5c0a\u656c\u4e3a\u7ec5\u58eb\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u56e0\u81ea\u6211\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u89c1\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u8bf8\u5982\u8d2b\u56f0\u6216\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7b49\u7b49\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u503c\u5f97\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4f18\u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u4e0b\u7a81\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5c45\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5c45\u9ad8\u4f4d\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u62a4\u989c\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u95ee\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u8bb2\u5e08\u4e00\u4e9b\u8270\u6df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u800c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8138\u4fbf\u4e22\u5149\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u610f\u5f80\u6765\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u987d\u5f3a\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u503a\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5a01\u80c1\u5bf9\u65b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u516c\u5f00\u6307\u8d23\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u84c4\u610f\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4e22\u8138\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u5e38\u8eb2\u8d77\u6765\u907f\u4e0d\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3e\u52a8\u901a\u5e38\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u987e\u5168\u201c\u8138\u9762\u201d\u800c\u4ed8\u6e05\u503a\u6b3e\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4fbf\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e2a\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u6b63\u5728\u76d1\u7763\u7740\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u8c34\u8d23\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8ba5\u5632\u52a0\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u4e3b\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u81f4\u632b\u8d25\u7684\u573a\u5408\u66f4\u662f\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u6c42\u5a5a\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7236\u6bcd\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\u5373\u4f7f\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u719f\u7a14\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\u63d0\u51fa\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u72b9\u8c6b\u826f\u4e45\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6015\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\u4ee5\u53ca\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8baa\u7b11\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5973\u5b69\u65f6\u663e\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u7f9e\u602f\uff0c\u6015\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u7b28\u62d9\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bf7\u670b\u53cb\u5e2e\u5fd9\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u3002\u8003\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6781\u5ea6\u7f9e\u6127\u800c\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bba\u53ca\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u5f80\u5f80\u8fc7\u5206\u8c26\u6291\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u4e4b\u65a5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u865a\u4f2a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5728\u521d\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c26\u900a\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u9ad8\u4f30\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u624d\u5e72\uff0c\u5938\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u8010\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u540c\u4faa\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u51b7\u773c\u76f8\u5f85\u3002\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee4\u4eba\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u60a6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5ac9\u5992\u548c\u5acc\u6076\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u559c\u6b22\u5938\u8000\u7684\u4eba\u906d\u5230\u632b\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u670b\u4faa\u7684\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u8ba5\u7b11\u3002\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u529b\u5224\u65ad\u6b20\u4f73\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8ba5\u4e3a\u201c\u8f7b\u6d6e\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e3e\u6b62\u4e25\u8083\u3001\u5ba1\u614e\u8bc4\u4f30\u672c\u8eab\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e0e\u4eba\u5e94\u5bf9\u529b\u6c42\u5468\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c89\u7740\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7a33\u91cd\u201d\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u683c\u8ba9\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u597d\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u4f30\u8ba1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e8b\u524d\u9884\u77e5\u6bcf\u6b21\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9884\u5148\u8d2c\u4f4e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u624d\u662f\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u542c\u5230\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u8d5e\u626c\u4ed6\u7684\u8c26\u865a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u6015\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u8f7b\u6d6e\u201d\u9887\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u56e0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u68c0\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u4f1a\u8d2c\u6291\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u624d\u667a\u548c\u80fd\u8010\uff0c\u5374\u6df1\u4fe1\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c26\u900a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u548c\u201c\u4fee\u517b\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b54\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53d8\u6210\u6cbb\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fee\u517b\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u522b\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u5938\u7684\u5bb6\u4f19\u3002\u4ed6\u505a\u4e8b\u5931\u8d25\u6b63\u597d\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u7fa4\u5bf9\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72af\u4e0b\u540c\u6837\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5f88\u4e22\u201c\u8138\u201d\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u7532\u4e59\u4e24\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e59\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u610f\u5e76\u672a\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u7532\u5728\u8c34\u8d23\u4e59\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5176\u89c1\u89e3\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u660e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u72af\u4e0b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u5fd7\u8584\u5f31\u5c31\u662f\u4fee\u517b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u672c\u6076\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ed8\u4e4b\u9619\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u5e94\u8be5\u968f\u7740\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u8fdb\u3002\u4e0d\u8bda\u5fc3\u52aa\u529b\u589e\u8fdb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6ce8\u610f\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u642c\u77f3\u5934\u7838\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u811a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u9119\u89c6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdd\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u7b26\u4e2a\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5730\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6015\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u754c\u9650\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u5b83\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6295\u673a\u8005\u7684\u8e0c\u8e87\u6ee1\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ea\u6279\u8bc4\u522b\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u68c0\u70b9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u8d23\u5907\u3002\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u4e27\u5931\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u987e\u8651\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u4e22\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u201c\u4eba\u683c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e22\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c06\u6765\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c14\u8282\u3000\u8138\uff1a\u201c\u7ed9\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u4e22\u8138\u201d
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u201c\u7ed9\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u6211\u901a\u5e38\u5f52\u5c5e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u5207\u6574\u5408\u800c\u53c8\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8363\u8fb1\u4e0e\u5171\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u4e22\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8138\u201d\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6216\u8baa\u7b11\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u7537\u5973\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u544a\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u53cc\u4eb2\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u53f1\u8d23\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u201c\u4e22\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8138\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u80cc\u5f03\u5a5a\u7ea6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u65b9\u5bb6\u5ead\u611f\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u5e76\u575a\u6301\u4e25\u5389\u60e9\u7f5a\u7978\u9996\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u611f\u5230\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u81ea\u6740\u6b63\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5979\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8f7b\u7387\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4e3e\u6b62\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u8baa\u7b11\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4e22\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8138\u201d\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u78b0\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u65f6\u611f\u5230\u7279\u522b\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8fdd\u53cd\u793c\u4fd7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u201c\u4e22\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u957f\u8f88\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u6fc0\u52b1\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u594b\u53d1\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u5faa\u89c4\u8e48\u77e9\u3002\u201c\u522b\u4e22\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8138\uff01\u201d\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c06\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6df1\u690d\u4e8e\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bf9\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u6709\u4e2a\u5927\u7ea611\u5c81\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u4ed63\u5c81\u7684\u4f84\u5973\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8001\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5947\u88c5\u5f02\u670d\u6765\u70ab\u8000\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u662f\u4e22\u6211\u7684\u8138\u3002\u201d\u7a7f\u7740\u5947\u5f02\u4ee5\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u8ddf\u81ea\u5938\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4f84\u5973\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8001\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5947\u88c5\u5f02\u670d\u6765\u70ab\u8000\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u662f\u4e22\u6211\u7684\u8138\u3002\u201d\u7a7f\u7740\u5947\u5f02\u4ee5\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u8ddf\u81ea\u5938\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5c1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u51b7\u773c\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u4e5f\u8d1f\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5e08\u201d\u662f\u6307\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u6211\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u624b\u827a\u5e08\u5085\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u9009\u6765\u6559\u5bfc\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u8001\u5e08\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u5efa\u7acb\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5173\u5fc3\u540e\u8005\u7684\u798f\u7949\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u4e22\u4ed6\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u8001\u5e08\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4f1a\u5907\u611f\u7f9e\u803b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u6211\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u4e0a\u8499\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u6000\u7591\uff1a\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u6559\u5bfc\u548c\u63d0\u62d4\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u968f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fc7\u9519\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u4eb2\u758f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c15\u8282\u3000\u8138\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u54c1\u683c\u6709\u4f55\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7518\u5192\u8fdd\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u5927\u4e0d\u97ea\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u7ea6\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e1d\u6beb\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u628a\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u653e\u5728\u5fc3\u4e0a\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u67d0\u4eba\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u4ed6\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u6240\u8feb\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u548c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u4e3a\u4e86\u79c1\u5229\u800c\u5360\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u4fd7\u65e0\u6240\u987e\u5fcc\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7279\u7acb\u72ec\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u3002\u6302\u7f8a\u5934\u5356\u72d7\u8089\u6216\u56e4\u79ef\u5c45\u5947\u7684\u751f\u610f\u4eba\uff0c\u8d2a\u56fe\u5df1\u5229\u800c\u53e3\u662f\u5fc3\u975e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u91d1\u94b1\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5f87\u79c1\u5e02\u60e0\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7537\u53cb\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u5356\u9752\u6625\u7684\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u975e\u96be\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u5229\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c06\u8896\u624b\u65c1\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u7ed9\u4e88\u9053\u5fb7\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u501a\u8d56\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5e2e\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u56f0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e9\u5df2\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdd\u80cc\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u800c\u9677\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u4e0d\u5e78\u6b63\u662f\u4e0d\u987e\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u4e49\u7684\u5e94\u5f97\u62a5\u5e94\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u662f\u5435\u67b6\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u9a82\u4eba\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u660e\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8fd8\u8981\u8fa9\u89e3\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u201c\u6b7b\u4e0d\u8ba4\u9519\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4f60\uff01\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u4e00\u5f80\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u6307\u8d23\u3002\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4f4e\u5730\u4f4d\u8005\u7528\u4e4b\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u559c\u6b22\u63d0\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u201c\u8003\u201d\u65b0\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u4f4d\u65b0\u8001\u5e08\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b66\u751f\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4f1a\u610f\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5f88\u4e0d\u5ba2\u6c14\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9646\u7eed\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u884c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u53d7\u8fb1\u8005\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u9732\u8138\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u963b\u6b62\u90a3\u4f4d\u8bb2\u5e08\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u8fd9\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u5e26\u6709\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u4eba\u5230\u8001\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7ea6\u675f\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5f97\u677e\u61c8\u3002\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u996e\u98df\u548c\u4eab\u4e50\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u975e\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5219\u5bbd\u5bb9\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5584\u826f\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u539f\u8c05\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u60f3\u653e\u7eb5\u81ea\u5df1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u6211\u8001\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u4e86\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6258\u8f9e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53ea\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u67d0\u5730\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u504f\u79bb\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u5236\u7ea6\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u517b\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e60\u4fd7\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5e74\u9f84\u5c42\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u4e3e\u6b62\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u8f83\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u516b\u4e5d\u5c81\u5927\u7684\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u62a2\u7740\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5757\u7684\u7cd5\u997c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u4eba\u8c03\u4f83\u201c\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u771f\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u5f53\u771f\u3002\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5bf9\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u4e89\u5435\u65f6\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u6307\u8d23\u5bf9\u65b9\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u8fb1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5374\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u90a3\u6837\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c16\u8282\u3000\u8138\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5982\u4eca\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u5389\u8c34\u8d23\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5371\u96be\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u53db\u56fd\u8d3c\u7684\u4eba\u5e38\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e49\u52a1\u5f03\u4e4b\u4e0d\u987e\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f53\u4f5c\u8e0f\u811a\u77f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u664b\u8eab\u4e4b\u9636\u6216\u4ee5\u4e4b\u8c0b\u53d6\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u773c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u8bb2\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6bd4\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u67d0\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u77e5\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u4e3e\u63aa\u5931\u5f53\u800c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\uff1b\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u72af\u4e86\u8fc7\u9519\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u662f\u67d0\u4eba\u6545\u610f\u5c06\u201c\u8138\u201d\u6392\u9664\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u5389\u7684\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6389\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6beb\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u4ece\u8003\u8bc1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u4e16\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u8138\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u5b57\u201c\u9762\u201d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u8d44\u5f15\u7528\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5468\u671d\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5c01\u5efa\u8bf8\u4faf\u7fa4\u8d77\u4e89\u9738\u3002\u5728\u5bb0\u76f8\u7ba1\u4ef2\u8f85\u4f50\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9f50\u6853\u516c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u9738\u4e3b\u3002\u7ba1\u4ef2\u4e34\u7ec8\u65f6\u529d\u8beb\u9f50\u6853\u516c\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ece\u671d\u5ef7\u65a5\u9000\u3002\u9f50\u6853\u516c\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u638c\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63a8\u7ffb\u9f50\u6853\u516c\u3002\u6700\u540e\u53db\u519b\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u738b\u5bab\u3002\u9f50\u6853\u516c\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u540e\uff0c\u6ca6\u843d\u5230\u65e0\u996d\u53ef\u5403\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u60f3\u8d77\u5bb0\u76f8\u7ba1\u4ef2\u7684\u5fe0\u544a\u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u5f03\u4e4b\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u60b2\u6ce3\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ea1\u8005\u65e0\u77e5\u5219\u53ef\u3002\u8bbe\u82e5\u4ea1\u8005\u6709\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4f55\u9762\u76ee\u89c1\u4ef2\u7236\u4e8e\u5730\u4e0b\uff1f\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u79e6\u671d\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d207\u5e74\u8986\u4ea1\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e89\u593a\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u9879\u7fbd\u548c\u5218\u90a6\u6700\u5177\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5219\u662f\u9879\u7fbd\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u632b\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9879\u7fbd\u7684\u519b\u961f\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u654c\u4eba\u56e2\u56e2\u56f4\u4f4f\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u52bf\u5df2\u53bb\uff0c\u4fbf\u7387\u9886\u4e00\u5c0f\u961f\u9a91\u5175\u7a81\u56f4\uff0c\u5728\u654c\u519b\u8ffd\u8d76\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9003\u5230\u4e4c\u6c5f\u8fb9\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9996\u957f\u51fa\u6765\u8fce\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u9003\u8d70\u3002\u5982\u679c\u56de\u5230\u6c5f\u4e1c\u6545\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u4e1c\u5c71\u518d\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u548c\u6c5f\u4e1c\u516b\u5343\u5b50\u5f1f\u5175\u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u6765\u6253\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6218\u8d25\u800c\u72ec\u81ea\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c5f\u4e1c\u7236\u8001\u601c\u60af\u6211\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5949\u6211\u4e3a\u738b\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u6709\u4f55\u9762\u76ee\u89c1\u6c5f\u4e1c\u7236\u8001\uff1f\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u76ee\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u773c\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u539f\u4e00\u5e26\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u201c\u8138\u201d\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u51fa\u5f81\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9879\u7fbd\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5341\u8db3\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ea\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4efb\u5176\u624d\u5e72\u7684\u4eba\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5728\u4ed6\u8d1f\u6307\u6325\u4e4b\u8d23\u7684\u632b\u8d25\u4e2d\u727a\u7272\u6389\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u53bb\u89c1\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u81ea\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8fc7\u9519\u800c\u4ee4\u67d0\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5c06\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8f9b\u82e6\u94b1\u6325\u970d\u6b86\u5c3d\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u632a\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u3001\u80cc\u5f03\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u4e0a\u53f8\u5bf9\u5176\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5706\u6ee1\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u610f\u800c\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u7275\u7d2f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u53bb\u89c1\u5176\u957f\u8f88\u6216\u4e0a\u53f8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8f9c\u8d1f\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5185\u5316\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ed6\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u60f3\u50cf\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u4ee5\u633d\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c17\u8282\u3000\u8138\uff1a\u201c\u8138\u76ae\u539a\u8584\u201d
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u201c\u8138\u76ae\u539a\u8584\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8138\u76ae\u539a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u8f83\u4e3a\u59d4\u5a49\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u76ae\u80a4\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u8138\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6765\u7a7f\u900f\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6f20\u89c6\u516c\u4f17\u975e\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8511\u89c6\u957f\u8f88\u52a0\u8bf8\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5f53\u53cb\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u81ea\u6211\u6697\u793a\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u903e\u8d8a\u793c\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u5374\u6d51\u7136\u4e0d\u89c9\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff1a\u6709\u4f4d\u5ba2\u4eba\u4e45\u5f85\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5973\u4e3b\u4eba\u767e\u822c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5979\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3b\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u5979\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u5979\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\u3002\u5bf9\u65b9\u79bb\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5973\u4e3b\u4eba\u60bb\u7136\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u5973\u4eba\u8138\u76ae\u771f\u539a\uff01\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u5f85\u5ba2\u4e4b\u9053\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8ba9\u5ba2\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53cb\u60c5\u80fd\u8fdb\u5c55\u5230\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8981\u7531\u8bbf\u5ba2\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u4f53\u4f1a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8138\u76ae\u8584\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\u76f8\u5f53\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u82b1\u8d39\u8bb8\u591a\u5fc3\u601d\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u826f\u597d\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u76ae\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u8584\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u6700\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002\u6709\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u5728\u8bba\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u65f6\u8ddf\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ece\u653f\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u8138\u76ae\u539a\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u8fdd\u80cc\u826f\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u5949\u547d\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4ed6\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u8138\u76ae\u592a\u8584\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5728\u653f\u754c\u6253\u62fc\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd8\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u8138\u76ae\u8584\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u9075\u5b88\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u8138\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5207\u7684\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u81ea\u6211\u5e26\u6765\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6ce8\u91cd\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u89c6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u65bd\u4e88\u6700\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u4ed6\u704c\u8f93\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u4eba\u541b\u5b50\u6240\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u4f83\u51e0\u53e5\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8ba5\u4e3a\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u590d\u72af\u9519\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u975e\u8bae\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u7fa4\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u548c\u4ed6\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u9677\u5165\u53d7\u8f7b\u89c6\u548c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c18\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\uff081\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5b57\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u8d28\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u201d\u5b57\u5219\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u517c\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\u3002\u201c\u9762\u201d\u5728\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u8138\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u9762\u8c8c\u548c\u9762\u76ee\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u8bcd\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u3002\u9762\u8c8c\u4e5f\u662f\u8138\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9664\u4e86\u548c\u9762\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u50cf\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u8bcdlooks\uff08\u5916\u8868\uff09\u4e4b\u4e49\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u7528\u3002\u9762\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u6210\u8bed\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9762\u5982\u6843\u82b1\u548c\u767d\u9762\u4e66\u751f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4e66\u4e3a\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002\u3002\u201c\u9762\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u9762\u610f\u4e3a\u5916\u89c2\uff0c\u684c\u9762\u662f\u6307\u684c\u5b50\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u5219\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8868\u9762\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30003\u3002\u201c\u9762\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e1c\u9762\u6216\u897f\u9762\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30004\u3002\u201c\u9762\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6b63\u9762\u548c\u5bf9\u9762\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u5219\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\u3002\u793e\u4ea4\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u65b9\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u516b\u9762\u73b2\u73d1\u6307\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5706\u6ed1\u76f8\u5904\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f1a\u9762\u6216\u5f53\u9762\u5546\u91cf\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30003\u3002\u201c\u4f53\u9762\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u770b\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7f8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d5e\u8bb8\u5408\u800c\u4e3a\u4e00\uff1b\u5916\u8868\u597d\u770b\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u201c\u4f53\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u52a8\u6177\u6168\u5927\u65b9\u4e5f\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u201c\u4f53\u9762\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30004\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u5219\u7528\u8138\u3002\u5728\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u5e38\u8bf4\u9762\u76ae\u8584\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u8138\u76ae\u8584\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\u3002\u201c\u987e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9762\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u58eb\u7ec5\u4e4b\u5bb6\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u6446\u4e0b\u76db\u5927\u7684\u5bff\u5bb4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6f14\u620f\u6570\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8d5e\u8d4f\u4fbf\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u6211\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u987e\u8651\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8d2c\u635f\u4ed6\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f15\u8d77\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u8bae\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u65f6\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u987e\u8651\u3002\u67d0\u4f4d\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e4f\u5584\u53ef\u9648\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4ed6\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u8001\u677f\u4f1a\u628a\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u987e\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751a\u6216\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u987e\u8651\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ea0\u6b63\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u987e\u8651\u592a\u591a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u9996\u957f\u6216\u5bb6\u65cf\u9886\u8896\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u65e0\u6570\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u987e\u60c5\u9762\uff0c\u5389\u884c\u804c\u5b88\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30006\u3002\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\u201d\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2a\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u975e\u8bae\u65f6\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u8138\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8138\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u803b\u8fb1\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e22\u8138\u8f7b\u5fae\u3002\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u8fdd\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\u201d\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u758f\u5ffd\u800c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u662f\u5426\u5065\u5168\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u611f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b64\u7acb\u611f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30007\u3002\u201c\u589e\u52a0\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u6350\u6b3e\u7ed9\u516c\u76ca\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u9648\u60c5\u4e66\u4e0a\u7b7e\u7f72\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5438\u5f15\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30008\u3002\u201c\u4e89\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e89\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u5bb4\u5e2d\u5f85\u5ba2\u6216\u70ab\u8000\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u4f17\u6709\u5229\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u7403\u961f\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u7ed9\u6bcd\u6821\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30009\u3002\u201c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e59\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u9762\u524d\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4e59\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e59\u7684\u5934\u8854\u6216\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u8868\u793a\u5c0a\u91cd\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u7532\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u7684\u89c9\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u589e \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u3000\u3000\u3000\u30009\u3002\u201c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e59\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u9762\u524d\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4e59\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e59\u7684\u5934\u8854\u6216\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u8868\u793a\u5c0a\u91cd\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u7532\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u7684\u89c9\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u67d0\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e59\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u597d\u770b\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u95fb\u7684\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u7528\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u8d5e\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u9f13\u52b1\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u5356\u529b\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8f7b\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u4ee5\u201c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u4f4d\u5c45\u8981\u6d25\u7684\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u89c1\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e0\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u7b54\u5e94\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u540e\u8005\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u60ed\u5f62\u79fd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f1a\u803d\u8ff7\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u4fee\u517b\u800c\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u8511\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8d5e\u540c\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u6216\u6307\u6d3e\u62c5\u4efb\u67d0\u4e00\u540d\u8a89\u6027\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8001\u4e8e\u4e16\u6545\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u9762\u5b50\uff01\u201d\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u5176\u8bbd\u523a\u4e4b\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5f20\u4e09\u65e0\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u90a3\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u662f\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u60f3\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u5bb6\u4f19\u5b9e\u5728\u8ba9\u4eba\u8ba8\u538c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u597d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u95ed\u5634\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300010\u3002\u201c\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u7ed9\u67d0\u4eba\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u63ed\u53d1\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f20\u626c\u4ed6\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u82df\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u516c\u4f17\u975e\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u5168\u7136\u7684\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5bf9\u65b9\u89c9\u5f97\u9762\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u5bf9\u540e\u8005\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7559\u4efb\u4f55\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u4fee\u517b\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4f24\u5bb3\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u3002\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc4\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u540e\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u65e0\u635f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8eab\u5c45\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u72af\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u4ece\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8981\u89e6\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6bc1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7f6a\u6709\u5e94\u5f97\uff0c\u9aa4\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u591a\u5e74\u52aa\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u4ed6\u6539\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u7ed9\u72af\u9519\u7684\u4eba\u7559\u70b9\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6beb\u65e0\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u4fbf\u628a\u4ed6\u6253\u5165\u51b7\u5bab\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u8854\u597d\u542c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u6743\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u5708\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6108\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u9762\u5b50\u6108\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u8d23\u5907\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u5e76\u7834\u574f\u5176\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u60b2\u5267\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8c28\u614e\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eba\u81ea\u60ed\u5f62\u79fd\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u6216\u8a00\u8bcd\uff1b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u4f18\u826f\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u4e92\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u8981\u9f13\u52b1\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u53d1\u73b0\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u4f5c\u6210\u4eba\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ed6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5360\u6709\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5728\u540c\u4faa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e38\u6709\u4e00\u8a00\u4e5d\u9f0e\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u201c\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5ea6\u91cf\u5927\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4eba\u76f8\u5904\u65f6\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\u7684\u5668\u91cf\u72ed\u5c0f\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c19\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\uff082\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300012\u3002\u201c\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u5356\u5f04\u6216\u7792\u9a97\u6765\u53d6\u5f97\u540d\u58f0\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3\u5c3d\u529e\u6cd5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6bd4\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u6709\u624d\u5e72\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u826f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u662f\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\u5b83\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u201ctosaveface\u201d\uff08\u505a\u9762\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6839\u636e\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5973\u513f\u4e00\u4efd\u5408\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5ac1\u5986\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5a5a\u793c\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u6700\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u5ac1\u5986\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u80cc\u4e0a\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\u624d\u4ed8\u5f97\u6e05\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4ea6\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u5219\u6545\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6ee1\u65cf\u4eba\u5931\u6389\u4e86\u6614\u65e5\u7684\u7279\u6743\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4e4b\u8c0b\u751f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8d64\u8d2b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u4fdd\u4f4f\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u6e05\u672b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e00\u4f4d\u6ee1\u65cf\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u5bb6\u8336\u9986\uff0c\u4ed6\u809a\u5b50\u5f88\u997f\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u94b1\u53ea\u591f\u4e70\u4e00\u5c0f\u7247\u829d\u9ebb\u997c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u5c0f\u7247\u829d\u9ebb\u997c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u9965\u997f\u7684\u809a\u76ae\u6765\u8bf4\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u4e8e\u662f\u843d\u5411\u6389\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u829d\u9ebb\u5c51\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u60f3\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u6361\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53c8\u6015\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e22\u8138\u3002\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u60f3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u806a\u660e\u7684\u70b9\u5b50\uff1a\u4ee5\u624b\u6307\u4e3a\u7b14\u3001\u4ee5\u53e3\u6c34\u4e3a\u58a8\uff0c\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u52a8\u4f5c\u5c06\u829d\u9ebb\u5c51\u6361\u8d77\u6765\u653e\u8fdb\u5634\u91cc\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u788e\u5c51\u6389\u8fdb\u684c\u7f1d\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u53e6\u5916\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u5047\u88c5\u751f\u6c14\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u624b\u638c\u91cd\u91cd\u5730\u62cd\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u5c06\u788e\u5c51\u9707\u51fa\u5939\u7f1d\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5199\u5b57\uff0c\u5c06\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u788e\u5c51\u9001\u5165\u5634\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u4f83\u6ee1\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u8981\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6ca1\u843d\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d6\u5f97\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5728\u610f\u5916\u754c\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u4e2a\u51fa\u8eab\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u51fa\u4efb\u67d0\u4e00\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u957f\u4e4b\u804c\u3002\u4ed6\u5341\u5206\u6025\u5207\u5730\u60f3\u8981\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9996\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u6e05\u672b\u540d\u5c06\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u6240\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u6cd5\u5377\u8f74\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u5377\u8f74\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6d82\u6389\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5199\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u4eec\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u65e9\u5728\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4f4d\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bb0\u8005\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u8c34\u8d23\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5bf9\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5403\u8d25\u4ed7\u5f00\u8131\u4ee5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u9762\u5b50\uff1b\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fa9\u89e3\u5374\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5dee\u52b2\u513f\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7fa4\u8d77\u9a73\u65a5\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9762\u524d\u975e\u5e38\u201c\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u5fd8\u4e86\u7ed9\u76df\u90a6\u201c\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300013\u3002\u201c\u6577\u884d\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u7532\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e59\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u535a\u53d6\u540e\u8005\u7684\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u7532\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u656c\u610f\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u4f7f\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6709\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5728\u6577\u884d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u6781\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u660e\u767d\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8bda\u610f\u6beb\u65e0\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6709\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4ea6\u590d\u5982\u662f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e66\u8bc4\u5bb6\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u5199\u5f97\u5f88\u7cdf\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4f4d\u540d\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u4e66\u8bc4\u5bb6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f97\u59d4\u5a49\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e66\u8bc4\u5bb6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u5728\u6577\u884d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8a00\u4e0d\u7531\u8877\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u521a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u4efb\u7684\u884c\u653f\u9996\u957f\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8bb8\u77a7\u4e0d\u8d77\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u8c26\u865a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8981\u6577\u884d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300014\u3002\u201c\u8bb2\u7a76\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u548c\u201c\u8003\u8651\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5341\u5206\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300015\u3002\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u610f\u601d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u67d0\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u60f3\u548c\u67d0\u4f4d\u7279\u6b8a\u4eba\u7269\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u540d\u6c14\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf7\u4e00\u4f4d\u8f83\u5177\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4ee3\u4e3a\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300016\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7532\u548c\u4e59\u6709\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u4e59\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e59\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u67d0\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u5171\u540c\u201c\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8d8a\u80fd\u5b89\u7136\u6e21\u8fc7\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300017\u3002\u201c\u548c\u6211\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u548c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f88\u50cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u627e\u4eba\u66ff\u4ed6\u5411\u4e0a\u53f8\u8bf4\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u6070\u5de7\u548c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e0a\u53f8\u5f88\u719f\u3002\u4ed6\u201c\u548c\u6211\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u5e2e\u4ed6\u7684\u5fd9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4f1a\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8bf7\u6211\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u8c08\u3002\u4e0d\u987e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6240\u8574\u6db5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u516c\u5f00\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9\u67d0\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u8bf7\u67d0\u4eba\u5403\u665a\u996d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u65b9\u6709\u610f\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5219\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u96be\u9053\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u867d\u7136\u662f\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300018\u3002\u201c\u770b\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5c0a\u91cd\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u529d\u89e3\u6253\u67b6\u6216\u4e89\u5435\u7684\u4e24\u65b9\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u51b3\u6597\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u66b4\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u627f\u8ba4\u7406\u6027\u8bf4\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u6597\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6bd4\u8c01\u7684\u529b\u6c14\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8c01\u662f\u8c01\u975e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e89\u5435\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4eba\uff08\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5e74\u7eaa\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u957f\u8005\uff09\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8c\u4eba\u62c9\u5f00\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f62\u624b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4ed6\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u53cc\u65b9\u201c\u770b\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4e89\u5435\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300019\u3002\u201c\u501f\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u67d0\u4eba\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u67d0\u4f4d\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u63d0\u53ca\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4eba\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u9762\u4e4b\u7f18\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u540d\u671b\u751a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u589e\u5927\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e50\u4e8e\u5f53\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u6781\u4f73\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u548c\u67d0\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u719f\uff0c\u6709\u540d\u671b\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u7b54\u5e94\u63a8\u8350\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff1a\u6709\u4f4d\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u8fdc\u623f\u4f84\u513f\u5192\u79f0\u4e3a\u5176\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u51fa\u4eba\u5934\u5730\u3002\u5f53\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u95fb\u8baf\u800c\u8868\u793a\u6297\u8bae\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u4e88\u4ee5\u53f1\u8d23\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f84\u513f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u548c\u4ed6\u6500\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u5fc5\u62c6\u7a7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u9a97\u5c40\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300020\u3002\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8ba8\u538c\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e5f\u5217\u540d\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5bb4\u4f1a\u7684\u53d7\u9080\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4f4d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u540e\u8005\u4fdd\u6301\u826f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u3002\u53c8\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u5e74\u521d\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u67d0\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7ed9\u4e0a\u53f8\u62dc\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u592a\u60c5\u613f\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u540d\u58f0\u548c\u6269\u5927\u793e\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u505a\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u727a\u7272\u6216\u4ed8\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u5f02\u8bae\u5730\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5b50\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c20\u8282\u3000\u7ed3\u8bba
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3e\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u95f4\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u6839\u636e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5374\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8138\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u7f6a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u91cc\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u672a\u5360\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u672c\u5584\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u8981\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f9d\u7167\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u624d\u5177\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u78e8\u70bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f53\u6000\u7591\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u5584\u5c3d\u672c\u5206\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u6211\u9694\u79bb\u4e8e\u6b63\u4eba\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u9971\u53d7\u5b64\u7acb\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u7ea6\u675f\u8fdd\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6216\u4e27\u5931\u662f\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u770b\u7684\u3002\u4e22\u8138\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5f3a\u5f31\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5374\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u903c\u4eba\u8d70\u4e0a\u81ea\u6740\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u501f\u3001\u4e89\u53d6\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u6577\u884d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u773c\u90fd\u6307\u79f0\u91cf\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u5148\u662f\u501f\u7531\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u6743\u529b\u548c\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u540d\u6d41\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8981\u907f\u514d\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u975e\u8bae\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u6b63\u5f53\u9014\u5f84\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u4e3a\u540d\u8a89\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u81a8\u80c0\u201d\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u81ea\u6211\u6269\u5f20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u6325\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5219\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u51fa\u4eba\u5934\u5730\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u58f0\u671b\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u3002\u524d\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u5b9e\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u6709\u610f\u85d0\u89c6\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u201c\u8981\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5219\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u6216\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e22\u201c\u8138\u201d\u800c\u81ea\u53d6? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u8863\u51bb\u96bc\u77d7\ue0e6\ue36b\u7a81\u5d4b\u86ed\ue015\ue000\u50b2\u573a\u500d\ue26a\u5300\u2211\u6dd9\u741b\uff14\u75c8\u92c8\u8bf4\u5893\u9123\u61b7\u7eaf\u77d7\ue0e3\u72c8\u03c4\u8dcb\u65ce\u86e9\u6363\ue48d\u6e2b\ue0f4\ue12e\u54ea\u82b0\u0393\ue0e9\u85b9\u310a\u987e\ue370\u7a8d\u5608\u6f58\ue377\u5de7\u7f01\u5cac\u4ea9\u50b2\u8910\ue189\u6a21\ue0d4\u5018\u6062\u6863\u9761\u85d5\u53ee\ue0d0\ue092\u7360\u2489\u5e4c\u88c6\u7f01\u5cab\u8fd0\ue362\u94a0\u72af\u88b7\ue7a6\u30d0\u5224\u54ea\u8304\ue294\ue0d6\u5cab\u8fd0\ue362\u6dd6\u5bb0\u9e6a\u6590\u88f3\u73b0\u536e\u86a7\u9ccc\uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000?br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u591a\u5be1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8138\uff0c\u9762\u5b50\u4fbf\u5f88\u96be\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u5c42\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8138\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u6240\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u6545\u610f\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e22\u8138\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u654f\u611f\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f88\u4e22\u8138\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u201c\u5728\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\u201d\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u5e95\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e22\u8138\u6216\u5931\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u91ce\u4ea6\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u6307\u6d89\u7528\u4ee5\u8bc4\u65ad\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e24\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u968f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5374\u4f1a\u56e0\u5bb6\u5ead\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5904\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u5e94\u5c3d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4ea7\u751f\u8131\u5e8f\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e3b\u82e5\u662f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c06\u54fa\u80b2\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u62c5\u5b50\u52a0\u5728\u5176\u4eb2\u621a\u6216\u90bb\u91cc\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u90fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u54c1\u683c\u201c\u8f7b\u6d6e\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u65e2\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u5173\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u519c\u3001\u5e97\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u7b49\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u7a33\u91cd\u578b\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\u751a\u4e8e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u8bda\u5b9e\u6566\u539a\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u5168\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u81ea\u5c0a\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u957f\u4e45\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u4e22\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4f4f\u6240\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6446\u8131\u8426\u7ed5\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u656c\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u4eba\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u907f\u96be\u6240\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u627e\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5de5\u5320\u6536\u5b66\u5f92\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bbe\u6cd5\u591a\u65b9\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3a\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u95e8\u98ce\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u8058\u7528\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u5e94\u5f81\u8005\u627e\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u826f\u597d\u54c1\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u4fd7\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u60f3\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u627e\u5230\u58f0\u671b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5546\u5e97\uff0c\u5f00\u5177\u4e00\u4efd\u4e66\u9762\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u522b\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u519c\u4eba\u6216\u52b3\u5de5\u4e5f\u8981\u8bbe\u6cd5\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u56e0\u4e3a\u51fa\u4eba\u5934\u5730\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u8c28\u8a00\u614e\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6c61\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ed6\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u591f\u535a\u5f97\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u4e89\u6267\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u79bb\u5bb6\u8fdc\u8d74\u5916\u5730\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u628a\u4ed6\u63a8\u8350\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u57fa\u7840\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5411\u4e0a\u722c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u8c28\u614e\u63d0\u9632\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u6454\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6b65\u6b65\u9ad8\u5347\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u529b\u5c55\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e25\u5b88\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u722c\u5f97\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6108\u591a\u4eba\u76ef\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6108\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u6cd5\u7ed9\u4eba\u597d\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4e22\u8138\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u4fbf\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u8005\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u533b\u751f\u6216\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5546\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u793e\u4f1a\u80af\u5b9a\u67d0\u4eba\u505a\u4e8b\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u5584\u5b88\u672c\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u656c\u91cd\uff0c\u4f1a\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u8fd1\u4e16\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c28\u614e\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u7528\u4e66\u9762\u5951\u7ea6\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5176\u9053\u7406\u5373\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u6bd4\u8d22\u5bcc\u66f4\u4e3a\u8d35\u91cd\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5546\u4eba\u5374\u662f\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u7684\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5546\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u76ee\u5f20\u80c6\u5730\u8fdd\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u4ee5\u56fe\u8c0b\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba8\u538c\u5546\u4eba\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4fbf\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u603b\u89c9\u5f97\uff1a\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e3a\u5229\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u60df\u6709\u5728\u4f9b\u6c42\u53cc\u65b9\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u4fe1\u4efb\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u624d\u80fd\u7e41\u8363\u5174\u76db\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u6267\u8457\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u5176\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5356\u65b9\u6216\u4e70\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u62a8\u51fb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u5f53\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d7\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u76d7\u8d3c\u884c\u5f84\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9965\u9991\u548c\u7edd\u671b\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5f92\u867d\u7136\u8fdd\u6297\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u5931\u53bb\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u62a2\u593a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d22\u5bcc\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a77\u4eba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5317\u5e73\u6709\u4e2a\u8d3c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u52ab\u5bcc\u6d4e\u8d2b\u800c\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u566a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u8fde\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u90fd\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5374\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u54c1\u5fb7\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u53d7\u73af\u5883\u6240\u8feb\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u76d7\u8d3c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4eba\u683c\u8bc4\u65ad\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u8d85\u4e4e\u7fa4\u4f26\u3002\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u201c\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u4e0a\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u664b\u5347\u800c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e0d\u61c8\u594b\u6597\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5927\u81e3\u5728\u89c9\u5f97\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u80fd\u800c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8138\u89c1\u7687\u4e0a\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53cc\u624b\u7ed3\u675f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u51fa\u4eba\u5934\u5730\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u201c\u8138\u201d\u3002\u6295\u673a\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u95ea\u907f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u975e\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8d22\u5bcc\u5230\u624b\u3001\u6743\u529b\u5728\u63e1\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u7a33\u56fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5f97\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0d\u6562\u6279\u8bc4\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u519b\u9600\u4fbf\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u624b\u63e1\u519b\u6743\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u641c\u62ec\u8d22\u5bcc\u800c\u65e0\u6076\u4e0d\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u62db\u5f95\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5ba2\u4e3a\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bfe\u7a0e\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u4eba\u5934\u5730\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u987e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u800c\u80e1\u4f5c\u975e\u4e3a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u527f\u706d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u83ab\u4e0d\u6b23\u559c\u4e07\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u519b\u9600\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u501f\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u6b66\u529b\u6765\u4fdd\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u987e\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u4e3e\u56fd\u7684\u8f7b\u8511\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c21\u8282\u3000\u8138\u548c\u9762\u5b50
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\/\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6982\u5ff5\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff08Hwang\uff1b1987\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\uff0c1988\uff1b1995\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5316\u89e3\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Hwang\uff1b1997\u20141998\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7efc\u5408\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff08Hwang\uff1b2000\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u8003\u8651\u518d\u4e09\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7cfb\u5217\u5efa\u6784\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u8ddf\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5b66\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u300b\uff08Hwang\uff1b2002\uff09\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u534e\u4eba\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u518d\u4ee5\u6211\u5148\u524d\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u8138\u9762\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5c55\u5f00\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u8bda\u7136\u662f\u7531\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u5feb\u901f\u8fc8\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5148\u7b80\u7565\u56de\u987e\u4f20\u7edf\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8ddf\u8138\u9762\u6709\u5173\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u8138\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8c08\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u80e1\u5148\u7f19\uff08Hu\uff1b1944\uff09\u6700\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u7528\u8bed\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u826f\u597d\u8005\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2a\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c65\u884c\u4ed6\u5e94\u5c3d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u53bb\u5b83\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fbf\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5e7f\u53d7\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u501f\u7531\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5938\u8000\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u501f\u7531\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u523b\u610f\u7ecf\u8425\u6240\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5916\u5728\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u8138\u9762\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6Kim\u548cMyers\uff081977\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u80e1\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u533a\u8fa8\u867d\u7136\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u8bf4\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u8bf4\u7ca4\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u8138\u4e0e\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u7528\u9762\u5b57\u6765\u5305\u62ec\u8138\u4e0e\u9762\u4e8c\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u201c\u9762\u201d\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8138\u9762\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u8138\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u6d89\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6210\u4e2d\u82f1\uff08Cheng\uff1b1986\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e94\u4f26\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e27\u5931\u6216\u6709\u6240\u7834\u635f\u3002\u201c\u9762\u201d\u5219\u6bd4\u201c\u8138\u201d\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u8138\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u5408\u53ca\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u9762\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9762\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b9e\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u540d\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7fdf\u5b66\u4f1f\uff081995\uff09\u5728\u56de\u987e\u6709\u5173\u534e\u4eba\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u867d\u7136\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u7ec4\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u8138\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u6765\u533a\u5206\u8138\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u662f\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201d\uff08p\u300269\u202670\uff09\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u7fdf\u5b66\u4f1f\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u6781\u6709\u89c1\u5730\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u201c\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\uff1f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53c8\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u8ffd\u95ee\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5177\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff1f\u5b83\u8ddf\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\uff08\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\uff0c1988\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u7efc\u5408\u5b54\u5b50\u3001\u5b5f\u5b50\u3001\u8340\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u4f5c\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5f53\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8005\u5c06\u4ed6\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8005\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u5224\u65ad\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u663e\u884c\u52a8\u4e09\u8005\u548c\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u793c\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff1b\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5916\u663e\u884c\u52a8\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u4e4e\u4e8e\u201c\u793c\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u4e2d\uff08Hwang\uff1b1995\uff1b2001\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u4eb2\u758f\u548c\u5c0a\u5351\u4e24\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5411\u5ea6\uff08socialcognitivedimensions\uff09\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eb2\u758f\u8fdc\u8fd1\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6307\u53cc\u65b9\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5c0a\u5351\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5148\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u9009\u62e9\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7531\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u56fe\u4e00\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u534e\u4eba\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c22\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\uff081\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u5f20\u5fb7\u80dc\uff0c1989\uff09\u3002\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u8c10\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u7684 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c22\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\uff081\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u5f20\u5fb7\u80dc\uff0c1989\uff09\u3002\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u8c10\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u5dee\u5e8f\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u9760\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u673a\u5236\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\uff08\u91d1\u8000\u57fa\uff0c1988\uff09\u3002\u5728\u201c\u793c\u6cbb\u201d\u4e0b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6781\u5176\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u793c\u4e0e\u201c\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u4e2d\uff08Hwang\uff1b2001\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u793c\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e4b\u201c\u4e94\u4f26\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f26\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6b64\u79cd\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u73b0\u3002\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u4e94\u4f26\u201d\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5bf9\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u80cc\u201c\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u793c\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u663e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u843d\u5b9e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f88\u201c\u4e0a\u9053\u201d\u4e0a\u9053\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u793e\u4f1a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff08inline\uff09\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u989c\u9762\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9762\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5c3d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u6127\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u7528\u8bed\u201c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u8574\u6db5\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u201c\u793c\u201d\u6765\u89c4\u7ea6\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u663e\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u81ea\u89c9\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u5931\u793c\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u6b49\u610f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u6b49\u7528\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9053\u6b49\u7528\u8bed\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u62b1\u6b49\u201d\uff08Iamsorry\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u8bfb\u8005\u4ed4\u7ec6\u73a9\u5473\u3002\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u62b1\u6b49\u201d\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u611f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u6216\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4f24\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u627f\u62c5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u201d\u662f\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u635f\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5916\u663e\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u533a\u8fa8\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff08Hwang\uff1b2002\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e92\u4f9d\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff08Markus&Kitayama\uff1b1991\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff08Alexander&Knight\uff1b1971\uff1bAlexander&Landerdale\uff1b1977\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u8be5\u4e00\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\uff08Chen\uff1b1989\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8be5\u60c5\u5883\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u8be5\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u524d\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u8ddf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u53c8\u90fd\u6709\u8363\uff0f\u8fb1\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u505a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e4b\u611f\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u8363\u201d\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u201c\u5931\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u201c\u8fb1\u201d\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7559\u85cf\u5728\u201c\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u524d\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u53f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e9a\u745f&#8226\uff1b\u4ea8&#8226\uff1b\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b22\u5e74\u7684\u5207\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u300b\uff08ChineseCharacteristics\uff09\uff08Smith\uff1b1894\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd1\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u620f\u5267\u7684\u559c\u7231\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u5f53\u6210\u6f14\u620f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9762\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u505a\u620f\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u53ea\u91cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u4e0d\u91cd\u5b9e\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u8868\u9762\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Goffman\uff081959\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7528\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\uff08dramaturgicaltheory\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u9762\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u62df\u4e3a\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u620f\u5267\u3002\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u8868\u6f14\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u770b\u7684\u201c\u524d\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff08front\u2026stagebehaviors\uff09\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u6b32\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u767b\u5927\u96c5\u4e4b\u5802\u6216\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e86\u53f0\u76d8\u7684\u201c\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u9762\u524d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff08backstagebehaviors\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8eGoffman\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u6f14\u620f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e92\u52a8\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6f14\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u4fbf\u6d89\u53ca\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u989c\u9762\u3002\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u7b26\u5408\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u501f\u7531\u5b66\u4e60\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u4f1a\u8be5\u89d2\u8272\u5fc5\u987b\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6f14\u51fa\u8005\u5145\u5206\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u626e\u6f14\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5Goffman\uff081959\uff1b1967\uff09\u7684\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u68c0\u89c6\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u534e\u4eba\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u8272\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u6765\u6e90\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u878d\u5165\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2a\u4eba\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u53ca\u9762\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eceTing\u2026Toomey\uff081988\uff1b1990\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u78cb\u5546\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff08facenegotiationtheory\uff09\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u878d\u5165\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff08Markus&Kitayama\uff1b1991\uff09\u3002Ting\u2026Toomey\uff081988\uff1b1990\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u201d\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u8005\u4e92\u76f8\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u78cb\u5546\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u754c\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u88ab\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u7f8e\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u6fb3\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u539f\u751f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5176\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c42\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u79c1\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u97e9\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u539f\u751f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5374\u662f\u5207\u5272\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u60c5\u5883\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u5dee\u5e8f\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u7684\u78cb\u5546\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u53ca\u5960\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u89c6\u5176\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6700\u4e3a\u5408\u5b9c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff08Hsu\uff1b1953\uff09\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u8981\u5728\u201c\u524d\u53f0\u201d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e86\u53f0\u76d8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0d\u767b\u5927\u96c5\u4e4b\u5802\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u201d\u7684\u201c\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c23\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u7406\u8bba\uff082\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff08Hwang\uff1b2000\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u4f55\u53cb\u6656\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u65f6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff08Ho\uff1b1991\uff1b1998\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5982\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u8bb8\u5149\uff08Hsu\uff1b1971\uff09\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e8c\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u66f4\u5e7f\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\uff08\u53d6\u81eaHsu\uff1b1971\uff1a25\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u6c0f\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e8c\uff09\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u540c\u5fc3\u5c42\uff0c\u7531\u5185\u800c\u5916\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u524d\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u672a\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u53ef\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5e7f\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u559c\u3001\u6012\u3001\u7231\u3001\u6076\u3001\u8d2a\u3001\u60e7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u7167\u5176\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5305\u542b\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6709\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5ba0\u7269\u3001\u7528\u5177\u548c\u6536\u85cf\u54c1\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u7528\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u76f8\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u201c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65b9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5bf9\u65b9\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u5df2\uff08Hsu\uff1b1971\uff1bp\u300226\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5904\u5883\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ece\u8bb8\u6c0f\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u8f83\u9700\u8981\u201c\u505a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u201c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff1b\u7528\u56fe\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u67d0\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u8ddf\u81ea\u6211\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u5bb6\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8363\u8fb1\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u201c\u91cc\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u201c\u505a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u4eb2\u621a\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u7b49\u719f\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8363\u8fb1\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\u8981\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u5730\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u9762\u524d\u201c\u505a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5173\u7cfb\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8baf\u606f\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u5e76\u975e\u610f\u6307\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u7eea\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\uff08\u6768\u5b9c\uff0c1999\uff1b\u5218\u4e01\u73ae\uff0c2002\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u9762\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u73a9\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u5176\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u56e0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u6240\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5386\u4ee3\u7956\u5148\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5219\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u5f53\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ef6\u7ef5\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u201c\u4e00\u4f53\u611f\u201d\uff08Hwang\uff1b1999\uff09\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9aa8\u8089\u201d\uff0c\u5144\u5f1f\u5173\u7cfb\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u624b\u8db3\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5927\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u5bb6\u5ead\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4eba\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u8363\u7686\u8363\u3001\u4e00\u8fb1\u7686\u8fb1\u201d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u52aa\u529b\u634d\u536b\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5bb6\u4e11\u4e0d\u53ef\u5916\u626c\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u5c0f\u6211\u201d\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u201c\u5927\u6211\u201d\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5927\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u8be5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\u961f\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u8d5b\u573a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8c08\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7528\u8bb8\u5149\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u8131\u79bb\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u548c\u201c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u548c\u201c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u77e5\u89c9\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u5f88\u50cf\u662fBourdieu\uff081977\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u573a\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u573a\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c55\u5f00\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fbe\u6210\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u573a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u573a\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8bf4\u201c\u4e89\u540d\u4e8e\u671d\uff0c\u4e89\u5229\u4e8e\u5e02\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u50cf\u201c\u671d\u3001\u5e02\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e8b\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u573a\u57df\u201d\uff08Lewin\uff1b1951\uff09\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u201c\u610f\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u6240\u8981\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u8bf8\u5982\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff08Orum\uff1b1979\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u5ba2\u89c2\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u578b\uff08Bourdieu\uff1b1977\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Bourdieu\uff081986\uff09\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u573a\u57df\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u3002\u573a\u57df\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u610f\u56fe\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u573a\u57df\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u573a\u5185\u6240\u5360\u636e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5360\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u6743\u529b\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u90fd\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6709\u4eb2\u758f\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5728\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u573a\u57df\u6570\u76ee\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u5de5\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Habermas\uff1b1978\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u5fae\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u652f\u6491\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u5404\u81ea\u5360\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u79cd\u7c7b\u6781\u4e3a\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u573a\u57df\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u652f\u914d\u8005\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e89\u53d6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e60\u6027\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u805a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e89\u53d6\u6743\u529b\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u91cc\uff0c\u573a\u57df\u7684\u7586\u754c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e89\u6597\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ddf\u7740\u6269\u5927\u6216\u79fb\u8f6c\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5404\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u79fb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\uff08Durkheim\uff1b1912\/1965\uff09\uff1b\u5404\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f7c\u6b64\u52fe\u4e32\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u642d\u6302\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u573a\u57df\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5de5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u57df\u7684\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8feb\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u57df\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u5f97\u8ddf\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u67a2\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c24\u8282\u3000\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5Bourdieu\uff081977\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u573a\u57df\uff0c\u548c\u8bb8\u5149\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e1c\u897f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u534e\u4eba\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cBourdieu\uff081977\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u573a\u57df\u201d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u4f01\u56fe\u63cf\u7ed8\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u573a\u201d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e89\u53d6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u683c\u6597\u8005\u201d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5feb\u901f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4e5f\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u201c\u8d5b\u573a\u201d\u4e0a\u8ddf\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u4e92\u76f8\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8005\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e89\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e92\u76f8\u5728\u4e89\u6597\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201c\u6a58\u903e\u6dee\u800c\u4e3a\u67b3\u201d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u5728\u7ade\u6280\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e89\u6597\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Bourdieu\uff081977\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\u6bd4\u62df\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u573a\u57df\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u53c8\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u6e38\u620f\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u573a\u57df\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u751a\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u7b97\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u9887\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5728\u6c5f\u6e56\u201d\u3002\u7528\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d89\u5165\u9762\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7136\u662f\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u80fd\u7eaf\u7136\u7528\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u61c2\u5f97\u201c\u62ff\u634f\u5206\u5bf8\u201d\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c25\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8d28
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e86\u89e3\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u73b0\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8ddf\u8138\u9762\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u8ddf\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5927\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8ddf\u9762\u5b50\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8138\u9762\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u540d\u4e0e\u5b9e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u524d\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u9762\u5b50\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5728\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u77e5\u89c9\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9762\u5b50\u5374\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u91cc\uff0c\u9762\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u7269\u6027\u7684\u8138\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8138\u9762\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u800c\u6709\u5176\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8138\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u6210\u4e2d\u82f1\uff081986\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8138\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e94\u4f26\uff1b\u201c\u9762\u201d\u5219\u6bd4\u201c\u8138\u201d\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u201c\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u5408\u53ca\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u9762\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8138\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9762\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u540d\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u201c\u5927\u5fb7\u5fc5\u5f97\u5176\u7984\uff0c\u5927\u5fb7\u5fc5\u5f97\u5176\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6709\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u5360\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u6743\u529b\u5219\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8109\u7edc\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u540d\u201d\u56fa\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u57df\u91cc\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u201d\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u201c\u4e94\u4f26\u201d\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u201c\u8138\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u4ed6\u638c\u63a7\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u521b\u9762\u5b50\u548c\u65b0\u9762\u5b50\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0cBourdieu\uff081986\uff09\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u573a\u57df\u91cc\u6240\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u3001\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\uff1bFoa\u548cFoa\uff081976\uff09\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u505a\u516d\u7c7b\uff1a\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u7231\u60c5\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e5f\u6108\u5927\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u524d\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u6db5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u968f\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6765\u521b\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5360\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u638c\u63a7\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u65b0\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4f4d\u3001\u7ecf\u5546\u81f4\u5bcc\u3001\u51fa\u4efb\u65b0\u804c\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u58eb\u522b\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u5360\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u529b\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u573a\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5360\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u5c0a\u5351\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u53c8\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u5728\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u91d1\u94b1\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534e\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u8109\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u51e0\u5f20\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u671d\u4e5d\u665a\u4e94\u201d\u7684\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u91cc\u505a\u7684\u662f\u4f8b\u884c\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u6216\u5de5\u5546\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u66f4\u6362\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8981\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5b9e\u9762\u5b50\u548c\u865a\u9762\u5b50\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u5b50\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u7531\u201c\u521b\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u65b0\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u865a\uff0f\u5b9e\u201d\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u5145\u5206\u638c\u63e1\u8fd0\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5b9e\u7684\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u4f4f\u8fd0\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u501f\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u865a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u573a\u57df\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6781\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u57df\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u7a7f\u7740\u6253\u626e\u3001\u4f4f\u5b85\u8f7f\u8f66\u3001\u540d\u724c\u5934\u8854\u3001\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5e03\u7f6e\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201c\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9762\u5b50\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b9e\u6709\u865a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u7092\u5f97\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u6d6a\u5f97\u865a\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u865a\u540d\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u865a\uff0f\u5b9e\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5212\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u865a\uff0f\u5b9e\u201d\u96be\u8fa8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u4e8e\u201c\u73a9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5316\u865a\u4e3a\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u8f6c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u865a\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u53d8\u5316\u83ab\u6d4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u77e5\u4eba\u77e5\u9762\u4e0d\u77e5\u5fc3\uff0c\u753b\u864e\u753b\u76ae\u96be\u753b\u9aa8\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u529d\u4eba\u201c\u89c1\u9762\u53ea\u8bf4\u4e09\u5206\u8bdd\uff0c\u672a\u53ef\u5168\u629b\u4e00\u7247\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5148\u201c\u6478\u6478\u5e95\u201d\uff0c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c26\u8282\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e86\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8138\u9762\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u524d\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u4ed6\u8005\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u6709\u5229\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u57df\u91cc\u4e89\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u9762\u5b50\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u5148\u540e\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff08Hwang\uff1b1987\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5316\u89e3\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Hwang\uff1b1997\u20268\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6765\u68c0\u89c6\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u201c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u524d\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u8138\u9762\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8138\u9762\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5b9e\u8df5\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7b79\u7801\uff1b\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8138\u9762\u201d\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u589e\u53ef\u51cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u501f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7b79\u7801\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fbf\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8138\u9762\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u683c\u3002\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u770b\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u5360\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005A\uff0c\u5728\u5176? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u683c\u3002\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u770b\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u5360\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005A\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u6240\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bf7\u6258\u8005P\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u7ef4\u7cfbP\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u7528Foa\u548cFoa\uff081976\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6362\u8d44\u6e90\u8bba\u201d\uff08resourcetheoryofsocialexchange\uff09\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u9762\u524d\u79f0\u8d5eP\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u6216\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u5bf9P\u8868\u793a\u5173\u7231\uff1b\u63a5\u53d7P\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9P\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u793a\u5c0a\u91cd\uff1b\u63a5\u53d7P\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u67d0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ed9\u4e88P\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679cA\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u9762\u524d\u62d2\u7eddP\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6307\u51faP\u6240\u72af\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8d2c\u6291\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u4ee5\u65a5\u8d23\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u7ed9P\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9P\u89c9\u5f97\u5931\u9762\u5b50\u6216\u4e22\u8138\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u201c\u589e\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u635f\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u201c\u589e\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u635f\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u201c\u589e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u6307\uff0cA\u5728\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684P\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6210\u5c31\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u7ed9\u4e88\u67d0\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0P\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u201c\u635f\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u5374\u8f83\u4e3a\u72ed\u7a84\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u6545\u610f\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u66b4\u9732\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u803b\u7b11\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u201c\u501f\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u770b\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9762\u5b50\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u7ed9\uff0f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u201d\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u501f\u201d\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u91c7\u501f\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662fP\u4e0eA\u4e92\u52a8\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u201c\u770b\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6d89\u53ca\u53cc\u65b9\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u4e2d\u67d0\u4f4d\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005O\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u501f\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u8bf7\u6258\u8005P\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005A\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u63d0\u53ca\u4ed6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u67d0\u4f4d\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u8005O\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679cP\u80fd\u591f\u51fa\u793aO\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff08\u5982\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3001\u540d\u7247\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0cA\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u770bO\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u53d7P\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0cO\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4eb2\u81ea\u4ecb\u5165\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9P\u5411A\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u8bf4\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5411A\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bf7\u770b\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bf7\u7ed9\u6211\u4e2a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679cO\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3aA\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u5230\u201c\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6b20\u4e86A\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u201c\u987e\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u4e0d\u987e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000A\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u7ed9P\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u91cf\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8c08\u7684\u662f\u7eb5\u5411\u5185\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5360\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684A\u7ed9\u6216\u589e\u6dfbP\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0cP\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7ed9\u6216\u51cf\u635fP\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0cP\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u201c\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5374\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5fcd\u8010\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u5c06\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8f83\u52a3\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u626e\u6f14\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005A\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5360\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684P\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8eP\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u901a\u5e38A\u4e0d\u6562\u4e0d\u987e\u53caP\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u96be\u62d2\u7eddP\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684A\u80c6\u6562\u635f\u53ca\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u8005P\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5219P\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u6124\u6012\u201d\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bb2\u7a76\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u626c\u5584\u4e8e\u516c\u5802\uff0c\u89c4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6697\u5ba4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e0b\u6216\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u4e8e\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5584\u4e8e\u987e\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u6dfb\u52a0\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u6709\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f5c\u79c1\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u635f\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u201c\u987e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u635f\u4eba\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u56de\u62a5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u662f\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u8574\u6db5\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u62a5\u4e4b\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u6709\u5341\u5206\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002A\u7ed9P\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662fA\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9P\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6069\u4e8eP\u3002P\u6b20\u4e86A\u7684\u6069\u60c5\uff0c\u4fbf\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u8981\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679cA\u4e0d\u7ed9P\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u6545\u610f\u635fP\u9762\u5b50\uff0cP\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u62a5\u4ec7\u3002\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8bb2\u7a76\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6069\u62a5\u6069\uff0c\u6709\u4ec7\u62a5\u4ec7\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eb2\u5bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u8fd0\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u8303\u7574\uff08\u6587\u5d07\u4e00\uff0c1995\uff09\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u50cf\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u90a3\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u50cf\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u90a3\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5408\u5219\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u5219\u53bb\u201d\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u987e\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u800c\u5f00\u7f6a\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u53cc\u65b9\u5e73\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e92\u76f8\u201c\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u6216\u7167\u987e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u906d\u9047\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5f00\u53e3\u5411\u62e5\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u6743\u7684A\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0cA\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u6069\u8005\u4fbf\u6b20\u4e0bA\u4e00\u4efd\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u4fdf\u673a\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u4fbf\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679cA\u4e0d\u7ed9P\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4f38\u51fa\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u5f04\u50f5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f7c\u6b64\u201c\u53cd\u76ee\u6210\u4ec7\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u5143\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u6e17\u900f\u5e76\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u57df\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8981\u60f3\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u67a2\u9760\u62e2\uff0c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005A\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005P\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u6781\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5347\u6597\u5c0f\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5411A\u6c42\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u6781\u5c11\u6709\u548cA\u53d1\u751f\u516c\u5f00\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7a77\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5bcc\u6597\uff0c\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\u5b98\u95f9\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u997f\u6b7b\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5f53\uff0c\u6c14\u6b7b\u4e0d\u544a\u72b6\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8d8b\u5411\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cP\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42A\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u70ab\u8000\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0A\u63a5\u53d7\u8bf7\u6258\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679cP\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0cA\u53c8\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u80af\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ddf\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u516d\uff09\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u534e\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u51b3\u6597\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5377\u5165\u51b2\u7a81\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u60c5\u7eea\u6027\u7684\u610f\u6c14\u4e4b\u4e89\uff08BondandWang\uff1b1981\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005O\u4fbf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u633a\u8eab\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\u7a81\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\uff08Cohen\uff1b1967\uff1bMa\uff1b1992\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u957f\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u53cc\u65b9\u4e89\u6267\u4e0d\u4e0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u770b\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4e89\u5435\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8c03\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u201c\u6495\u7834\u8138\uff0f\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u662f\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5728\u524d\u8ff0O\u51fa\u9762\u66ffP\u5411A\u8bf7\u6258\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u679cO\u8ddfP\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u8bf7\u6c42A\u201c\u770b\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0cA\u6700\u597d\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u66ff\u4ed6\u201c\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679cA\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0cO\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u8bf7\u6258\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3aA\u201c\u592a\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679cO\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u548cA\u6495\u7834\u8138\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u516b\uff09\u201c\u7559\u9762\u5b50\uff0f\u6577\u884d\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0cA\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5168\u76d8\u63a5\u53d7P\u6216O\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff0c\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u7ed9P\u6216O\u7559\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0cA\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5c0a\u656cO\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5bf9P\u6216O\u505a\u51fa\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u656c\u610f\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5bf9\u65b9\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u201c\u6577\u884d\u9762\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u606f\u4e8b\u5b81\u4eba\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u5747\u8861\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c27\u8282\u3000\u7ed3\u8bba
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u5341\u5206\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53c8\u968f\u7740\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u8ddf\u9762\u5b50\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u8fde\u7eed\u9488\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u9762\u89c2\u300b\uff08Hwang\uff1b\u30002002\uff09\u662f\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u5c11\u63d0\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u591a\u5f97\u4e0d\u80dc\u679a\u4e3e\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u6765\u80fd\u591f\u591a\u6536\u96c6\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u62bd\u7a7a\u5199\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c28\u8282\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u578b
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\uff1a\u300a\u5112\u6797\u5916\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\/\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u6210\u957f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u548c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\uff08Hwang\uff0c1987\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u65f6\u7a7a\u60c5\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7eb5\u7136\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u53d7\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u6307\u9605\u8bfb\u5112\u5bb6\u5178\u7c4d\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d7\u5112\u5bb6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4ece\u6c49\u6b66\u5e1d\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d141\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u514387\u5e74\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u8463\u4ef2\u8212\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u7f62\u9edc\u767e\u5bb6\uff0c\u72ec\u5c0a\u5112\u672f\u201d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u65e9\u5df2\u6e17\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u601d\u60f3\u8a00\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u8bd7\u8bcd\u620f\u66f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u638c\u6545\u3001\u8c1a\u8bed\u4fda\u8bcd\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u6545\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7ecf\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u5851\u9020\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u524d\u8ff0\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u8868\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e0a\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u73b0\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u539f\u578b\u201d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c29\u8282\u3000\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4ee5\u300a\u5112\u6797\u5916\u53f2\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u56de\u201c\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u6821\u58eb\u62d4\u771f\u624d\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u884c\u51f6\u95f9\u6377\u62a5\u201d\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7528\u7b14\u8005\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u53d6\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u6e20\u9053\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u89d2\u4e2d\u4e3e\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u89d2\u8272\u95f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e92\u52a8\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u5185\u5728\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u800c\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff1b\u542c\u8bdd\u8005\u5219\u900f\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u7684\u5185\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff08Clark\u3000and\u3000Clark\uff0c1977\uff09\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d56\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6c9f\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5112\u6797\u5916\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5434\u656c\u6893\u4ee5\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u7b14\u8c03\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u89d2\u8272\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u660e\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5fc3\u6001\u7684\u6781\u4f73\u9898\u6750\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5f52\u7eb3\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bba\uff08logic\u3000deductive\u3000formalism\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u5219\u4e3a\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\uff08prag\uff0dmatics\uff09\uff08GiVon\uff0c1984\uff09\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5f52\u7eb3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u8005\u6240\u5904\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u6f14\u7ece\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u4ea7\u751f\u8bed\u8a00\uff08Fr \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u4ea7\u751f\u8bed\u8a00\uff08Fromkin\u3000and\u3000Rodman\uff0c1974\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u80cc\u666f\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u771f\u3001\u5047\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9a71\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8bed\u7528\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ece\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u5230\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ece\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u5230\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u622a\u7136\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u5efa\u7acb\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u8bed\u8a00\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u51e0\u7387\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u73af\u5883\u5bfb\u627e\u7ebf\u7d22\u6765\u63a8\u8bba\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c30\u8282\u3000\u660e\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u660e\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5206\u6790\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u73af\u5883\u3002\u300a\u5112\u6797\u5916\u53f2\u300b\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u516b\u80a1\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u660e\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4f17\u751f\u767e\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5206\u6790\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u660e\u671d\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u660e\u4ee3\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u624d\uff08\u517b\u58eb\uff09\u548c\u9009\u62d4\u4eba\u624d\uff08\u53d6\u58eb\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u660e\u671d\u5728\u5e9c\u3001\u5dde\u3001\u53bf\u5404\u7ea7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5747\u8bbe\u6709\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e9c\u3001\u5dde\u3001\u53bf\u5b66\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\u672a\u80fd\u5165\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5e74\u9f84\u957f\u5e7c\uff0c\u901a\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ae5\u751f\u201d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u9009\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u5165\u5b66\u8d44\u683c\u8005\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u5458\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u79c0\u624d\u201d\u3002\u5e9c\u3001\u5dde\u3001\u53bf\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u540d\u989d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u9886\u516c\u8d39\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5eea\u81b3\u751f\u5458\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u540d\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u5f55\u53d6\u8005\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u589e\u5e7f\u751f\u5458\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u652f\u9886\u516c\u8d39\u3002\u5728\u589e\u5e7f\u751f\u5458\u5916\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u5f55\u53d6\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9644\u5b66\u751f\u5458\u201d\u3002\u751f\u5458\u5165\u5b66\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u52a0\u7531\u5b66\u9053\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u5b66\u653f\u3001\u5b66\u53f0\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u5c81\u3001\u79d1\u4e24\u8bd5\u3002\u5c81\u8bd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u5458\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bfe\u827a\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u7ee9\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u7b49\u3002\u201c\u5c81\u8bd5\u201d\u6210\u7ee9\u4f18\u5f02\u800c\u5217\u4e8e\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u7b49\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u53ef\u5e94\u79d1\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u5956\u8d4f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u5404\u7c7b\u751f\u5458\u7f3a\u989d\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u9012\u8865\u4e3a\u5eea\u81b3\u751f\u5458\u6216\u589e\u5e7f\u751f\u5458\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6210\u7ee9\u4f4e\u52a3\u800c\u540d\u5217\u56db\u7b49\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u631e\u8d23\u6216\u964d\u683c\u7684\u5904\u5206\u3002\u5728\u201c\u79d1\u8bd5\u201d\u4e2d\u8003\u5728\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u7b49\u8005\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u4e3e\u751f\u5458\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f55\u9001\u4e61\u8bd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u8d21\u201d\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u8865\u5eea\u751f\u6216\u589e\u5e7f\u751f\u5458\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5c81\u8bd5\uff1b\u8003\u5728\u4e09\u7b49\u8005\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e94\u4e61\u8bd5\uff1b\u4e09\u7b49\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8005\u6709\u7f5a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u660e\u4ee3\u5b98\u5e9c\u5728\u4eac\u5e08\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e3a\u56fd\u5b50\u5b66\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u5b50\u76d1\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u201c\u592a\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u56fd\u5b50\u76d1\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u76d1\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u56fd\u5b50\u76d1\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u592a\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u3002\u76d1\u751f\u56e0\u4e3a\u51fa\u8eab\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u76ee\uff1a\u5728\u4e3e\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bd5\u4e2d\u843d\u7b2c\u800c\u6210\u7ee9\u5c1a\u4f18\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u5165\u76d1\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u79d1\u518d\u8bd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3e\u76d1\u201d\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u751f\u5458\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5c81\u8003\u6216\u79d1\u8003\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u884c\u517c\u4f18\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u5f97\u9001\u76d1\u5c31\u5b66\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d21\u76d1\u201d\u3002\u6587\u5b98\u4e09\u54c1\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u836b\u4e00\u5b50\u5165\u76d1\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u836b\u76d1\u201d\u3002\u51e1\u6587\u6b66\u5b98\u5458\u6709\u529f\u6216\u6b7b\u96be\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u5f97\u836b\u4e00\u5b50\u5165\u76d1\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6069\u76d1\u201d\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u5eb6\u6c11\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7eb3\u8d40\u5165\u76d1\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f8b\u76d1\u201d\u3002\u76d1\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5165\u4ed5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u4e61\u8bd5\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u660e\u671d\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u8981\u53c2\u52a0\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u5b66\u6821\uff1b\u4f46\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u5165\u8bd5\u8005\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79d1\u4e3e\uff08\u738b\u5fb7\u662d\uff0c1982\uff09\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c31\u8282\u3000\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\uff081\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u8003\u5b98\u7684\u5468\u8fdb\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u6301\u5b66\u6821\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u201c\u63d0\u5b66\u5b98\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u201c\u82e6\u8bfb\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u79c0\u624d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u66fe\u505a\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u884c\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u624d\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u51d1\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u6350\u4e86\u4e2a\u201c\u8d21\u76d1\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u573a\u53c2\u52a0\u4e61\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u518d\u201c\u5230\u4eac\u4f1a\u8bd5\uff0c\u53c8\u4e2d\u4e86\u8fdb\u58eb\uff0c\u6bbf\u8bd5\u4e09\u7532\uff0c\u6388\u4e86\u90e8\u5c5e\u3002\u834f\u82d2\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u5347\u4e86\u5fa1\u53f2\uff0c\u94a6\u70b9\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5b66\u9053\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u867d\u4e5f\u8bf7\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u770b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76f8\u516c\uff0c\u5374\u81ea\u5fc3\u91cc\u60f3\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5403\u82e6\u4e45\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u6743\uff0c\u987b\u8981\u628a\u5377\u5b50\u90fd\u7ec6\u7ec6\u770b\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u542c\u7740\u5e55\u5ba2\uff0c\u5c48\u4e86\u771f\u624d\u3002\u201d\u4e3b\u610f\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e0a\u4e86\u4efb\u3002\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u884c\u9999\u6302\u724c\u3002\u5148\u8003\u4e86\u4e24\u573a\u751f\u5458\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u573a\u662f\u5357\u6d77\u3001\u756a\u79ba\u4e24\u53bf\u7ae5\u751f\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u5750\u5728\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c1\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ae5\u751f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8fdb\u6765\uff1a\u4e5f\u6709\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8001\u7684\uff0c\u4eea\u8868\u7aef\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u7350\u5934\u9f20\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8863\u51a0\u9f50\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u8934\u891b\u7834\u70c2\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\u70b9\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ae5\u751f\u6765\uff0c\u9762\u9ec4\u808c\u7626\uff0c\u82b1\u767d\u80e1\u987b\uff0c\u5934\u4e0a\u6234\u4e00\u9876\u7834\u6be1\u5e3d\u3002\u5e7f\u4e1c\u867d\u662f\u6c14\u5019\u6e29\u6696\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5df2\u662f\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff0c\u90a3\u7ae5\u751f\u8fd8\u7a7f\u7740\u9ebb\u5e03\u76f4\u88f0\uff0c\u51bb\u5f97\u4e5e\u4e5e\u7f29\u7f29\uff0c\u63a5\u4e86\u5377\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0b\u53bb\u5f52\u53f7\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u770b\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\uff0c\u5c01\u95e8\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u51fa\u6765\u653e\u5934\u724c\u7684\u65f6\u8282\uff0c\u5750\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u53ea\u89c1\u90a3\u7a7f\u9ebb\u5e03\u7684\u7ae5\u751f\u4e0a\u6765\u4ea4\u5377\uff0c\u90a3\u8863\u670d\u56e0\u662f\u673d\u70c2\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u53f7\u91cc\u53c8\u626f\u7834\u4e86\u51e0\u5757\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7eef\u888d\u9526\u5e26\uff0c\u4f55\u7b49\u8f89\u714c\u3002\u56e0\u7ffb\u4e00\u7ffb\u70b9\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u95ee\u90a3\u7ae5\u751f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u8303\u8fdb\uff1f\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u8dea\u4e0b\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ae5\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u9053\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eca\u5e74\u591a\u5c11\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e86\uff1f\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ae5\u751f\u518c\u4e0a\u5199\u7684\u662f\u4e09\u5341\u5c81\uff0c\u7ae5\u751f\u5b9e\u5e74\u4e94\u5341\u56db\u5c81\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u9053\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8003\u8fc7\u591a\u5c11\u56de\u4e86\uff1f\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ae5\u751f\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u5e94\u8003\uff0c\u5230\u4eca\u8003\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u6b21\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u9053\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u603b\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5b66\uff1f\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u603b\u56e0\u7ae5\u751f\u6587\u5b57\u8352\u8c2c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u8001\u7237\u4e0d\u66fe\u8d4f\u53d6\u3002\u201d\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u5c3d\u7136\u3002\u4f60\u4e14\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5377\u5b50\u5f85\u672c\u9053\u7ec6\u770b\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u78d5\u5934\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u90a3\u65f6\u5929\u8272\u5c1a\u65e9\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u7ae5\u751f\u4ea4\u5377\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u5c06\u8303\u8fdb\u5377\u5b50\u7528\u5fc3\u7528\u610f\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e0d\u559c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4e9b\u751a\u4e48\u8bdd\uff01\u602a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5b66\uff01\u201d\u4e22\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e0d\u770b\u4e86\u3002\u53c8\u5750\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u4ea4\u5377\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u53c8\u60f3\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u4f55\u4e0d\u628a\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u5377\u5b50\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u904d\uff1f\u5018\u6709\u4e00\u7ebf\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u601c\u4ed6\u82e6\u5fd7\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u5934\u81f3\u5c3e\uff0c\u53c8\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6b63\u8981\u518d\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u7ae5\u751f\u6765\u4ea4\u5377\u3002\u90a3\u7ae5\u751f\u8dea\u4e0b\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6c42\u5927\u8001\u7237\u9762\u8bd5\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u9053\u548c\u989c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5df2\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u9762\u8bd5\u4e9b\u751a\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u7ae5\u751f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ae5\u751f\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6b4c\u8d4b\u90fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u6c42\u5927\u8001\u7237\u51fa\u9898\u9762\u8bd5\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u9053\u53d8\u4e86\u8138\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u4eca\u5929\u5b50\u91cd\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8db3\u4e0b\u4f55\u987b\u8bb2\u6c49\u5510\uff01\u50cf\u4f60\u505a\u7ae5\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8be5\u7528\u5fc3\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6742\u89c8\uff0c\u5b66\u4ed6\u505a\u751a\u4e48\uff01\u51b5\u4e14\u672c\u9053\u5949\u65e8\u5230\u6b64\u8861\u6587\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u662f\u6765\u6b64\u540c\u4f60\u8c08\u6742\u5b66\u7684\u4e48\uff1f\u770b\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u52a1\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u52a1\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u6b63\u52a1\u81ea\u7136\u8352\u5e9f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e9b\u7c97\u5fc3\u6d6e\u6c14\u7684\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u3002\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\uff01\u8d76\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\uff01\u201d\u4e00\u58f0\u5429\u5490\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u4e24\u65c1\u8d70\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5982\u72fc\u4f3c\u864e\u7684\u516c\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u7ae5\u751f\u53c9\u7740\u818a\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8ddf\u5934\uff0c\u53c9\u5230\u5927\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u867d\u7136\u8d76\u4ed6\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u628a\u5377\u5b50\u53d6\u6765\u770b\u770b\u3002\u90a3\u7ae5\u751f\u53eb\u505a\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6e05\u901a\u3002\u5b66\u9053\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u4ed6\u4f4e\u4f4e\u7684\u8fdb\u4e86\u5b66\u7f62\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u53d6\u8fc7\u7b14\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5377\u5b50\u5c3e\u4e0a\u70b9\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u505a\u4e2a\u8bb0\u8ba4\u3002\u53c8\u53d6\u8fc7\u8303\u8fdb\u5377\u5b50\u6765\u770b\u3002\u770b\u7f62\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c9\u53f9\u606f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8fde\u6211\u770b\u4e00\u4e24\u904d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e09\u904d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6653\u5f97\u662f\u5929\u5730\u95f4\u4e4b\u81f3\u6587\uff01\u771f\u4e43\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u73e0\uff01\u53ef\u89c1\u4e16\u4e0a\u7cca\u6d82\u8bd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5c48\u715e\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u82f1\u624d\uff01\u201d\u5fd9\u53d6\u7b14\u7ec6\u7ec6\u5708\u70b9\uff0c\u5377\u9762\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u5708\uff0c\u5373\u586b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u3002\u53c8\u628a\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u7684\u5377\u5b50\u53d6\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u586b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u540d\u3002\u5c06\u5404\u5377\u6c47\u9f50\uff0c\u5e26\u4e86\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u53d1\u51fa\u6848\u6765\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u8c12\u89c1\u90a3\u65e5\uff0c\u7740\u5b9e\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u4e00\u56de\u3002\u70b9\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u540d\uff0c\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u53c8\u52c9\u52b1\u4e86\u51e0\u53e5\u201c\u7528\u5fc3\u4e3e\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f11\u5b66\u6742\u89c8\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u9f13\u5439\u9001\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u548c\u7ae5\u751f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u5f55\u53d6\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\uff0c\u7ae5\u751f\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u64cd\u5728\u5b66\u9053\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u626e\u6f14\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u9053\u5fc5\u606d\u5fc5\u656c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u9020\u6b21\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\uff0c\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e0a\u4efb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u62ff\u5b9a\u4e3b\u610f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5403\u82e6\u4e45\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u6743\uff0c\u987b\u8981\u628a\u5377\u5b50\u90fd\u7ec6\u7ec6\u770b\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u542c\u7740\u5e55\u5ba2\uff0c\u5c48\u4e86\u771f\u624d\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u4f55\u5728\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5206\u6790\u660e\u671d\u79d1\u4e3e\u53d6\u58eb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u660e\u671d\u4ee5\u65f6\u6587\u53d6\u58eb\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4f5c\u201c\u65f6\u6587\u201d\u3002\u65f6\u6587\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u516b\u80a1\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u201c\u56db\u4e66\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8003\u751f\u4e0d\u5f97\u903e\u8d8a\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u516b\u80a1\u6587\uff0c\u7cfb\u5c31\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u7834\u9898\u3001\u627f\u9898\u3001\u8d77\u8bb2\u3001\u5165\u624b\u3001\u8d77\u80a1\u3001\u4e2d\u80a1\u3001\u540e\u80a1\u3001\u675f\u80a1\u516b\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u6837\u753b\u846b\u82a6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdd\u683c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u56db\u4e66\u6587\uff0c\u7cfb\u5c31\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u9898\u53d6\u81ea\u56db\u4e66\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8005\u4f5c\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6240\u636e\u7684\u7ecf\u4f20\u6ce8\u758f\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u6c38\u4e50\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u9881\u300a\u56db\u4e66\u5927\u5168\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e94\u7ecf\u5927\u5168\u300b\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u4f5c\u6587\u8005\u987b\u201c\u4f9d\u7ecf\u6309\u4f20\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u53e4\u4eba\u7acb\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u81ea\u521b\u65b0\u610f\u3002\u5728\u5c42\u5c42\u675f\u7f1a\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u65f6\u6587\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u4ee3\u4e3e\u4eba\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u6587\uff0c\u591a\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u85cf\u4e66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u91cd\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u4e0d\u8bb2\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e0d\u6536\u201d\uff0c\u516b\u80a1\u79d1\u4e3e\u5e9f\u9664\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u201c\u96f6\u843d\u6563\u5931\uff0c\u8986\u74ff\u70e7\u85aa\u201d\uff08\u5546\u884d\u92ae\uff0c1958\uff1a227\uff09\uff0c\u9c9c\u6709\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u50f5\u786c\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8003\u5b98\u5728\u8bc4\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u597d\u6076\u968f\u5fc3\uff0c\u96be\u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u5c06\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u5377\u5b50\u7528\u5fc3\u7528\u610f\u770b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4e9b\u751a\u4e48\u8bdd\uff01\u602a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5b66\uff01\u201d\u5c06\u5377\u5b50\u4e22\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fb9\u540e\uff0c\u5750\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u89c1\u6709\u4eba\u6765\u4ea4\u5377\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53d6\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u5377\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u81f3\u5c3e\uff0c\u53c8\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u201c\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u610f\u601d\u201d\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u628a\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u8d76\u51fa\u53bb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u53d6\u51fa\u8303\u8fdb\u5377\u5b50\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u624d\u53f9\u606f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8fde\u6211\u770b\u4e00\u4e24\u904d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e09\u904d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6653\u5f97\u662f\u5929\u5730\u95f4\u4e4b\u81f3\u6587\uff0c\u771f\u4e43\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u73e0\uff01\u201d\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u5fd9\u53d6\u7b14\u7ec6\u7ec6\u5708\u70b9\uff0c\u5377\u9762\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u5708\uff0c\u5373\u586b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u201d\u3002\u7531\u540d\u843d\u5b59\u5c71\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u8fdb\u5b66\uff0c\u5434\u656c\u6893\u5bf9\u516b\u80a1\u53d6\u58eb\u4e4b\u6f2b\u65e0\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u8bbd\u523a\u5165\u9aa8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4f9d\u7167\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u7167\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u9879\u4ea4\u6613\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u8bcd\u62d2\u7edd\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fd9\u9879\u4ea4\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u610f\u3002\u516b\u80a1\u53d6\u58eb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u65e2\u50f5\u786c\u800c\u53c8\u96be\u5f97\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7ae5\u751f\u96be\u514d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u4e3b\u8003\u5b98\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4ea4\u5377\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u6c42\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u9762\u8bd5\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u5148\u662f\u548c\u989c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5df2\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u9762\u8bd5\u4e9b\u751a\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u56de\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ae5\u751f\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6b4c\u8d4b\u90fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u6c42\u5927\u8001\u7237\u51fa\u9898\u9762\u8bd5\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u9053\u7acb\u523b\u53d8\u4e86\u8138\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u4eca\u5929\u5b50\u91cd\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8db3\u4e0b\u4f55\u987b\u8bb2\u6c49\u5510\uff01\u201d\u72e0\u72e0\u5730\u8bad\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u987f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5524\u6765\u201c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5982\u72fc\u4f3c\u864e\u7684\u516c\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u7ae5\u751f\u53c9\u7740\u818a\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8ddf\u5934\uff0c\u53c9\u5230\u5927\u95e8\u5916\u201d\u3002\u5468\u5b66\u9053\u201c\u5949\u65e8\u5230\u6b64\u8861\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u516b\u80a1\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8861\u91cf\u8003\u751f\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u56db\u5e73\u516b\u7a33\u3001\u4e2d\u89c4\u4e2d\u77e9\u7684\u201c\u65f6\u6587\u201d\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u5c45\u7136\u4e0d\u8bc6\u65f6\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u4ea4\u6613\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u51fa\u9898\u9762\u8bd5\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6b4c\u8d4b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4f7f\u4ed6\u52c3\u7136\u5927\u6012\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b66\u9053\u548c\u7ae5\u751f\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b66\u9053\u53c8\u662f\u5927\u6743\u5728\u63e1\u7684\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7ae5\u751f\u65e2\u65e0\u987b\u5ba2\u6c14\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u8bb2\u4eba\u60c5\u3002\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u51b2\u72af\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u7acb\u523b\u62c9\u4e0b\u8138\uff0c\u53eb\u4eba\u628a\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u8d76\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c32\u8282\u3000\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\uff082\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8303\u8fdb\u8fdb\u5b66\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4ff1\u5404\u6b22\u559c\u3002\u6b63\u5f85\u70e7\u9505\u505a\u996d\uff0c\u53ea\u89c1\u4ed6\u4e08\u4eba\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u526f\u5927\u80a0\u548c\u4e00\u74f6\u9152\uff0c\u8d70\u4e86\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u5411\u4ed6\u4f5c\u63d6\uff0c\u5750\u4e0b\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u81ea\u5012\u8fd0\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u5ac1\u4e0e\u4f60\u8fd9\u73b0\u4e16\u5b9d\uff0c\u7a77\u9b3c\uff0c\u5386\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u7d2f\u4e86\u6211\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u4e0d\u77e5\u56e0\u6211\u79ef\u4e86\u751a\u4e48\u5fb7\uff0c\u5e26\u6308\u4f60\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e2a\u76f8\u516c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e26\u4e2a\u9152\u6765\u8d3a\u4f60\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u552f\u552f\u8fde\u58f0\uff0c\u53eb\u6d51\u5bb6\u628a\u80a0\u5b50\u716e\u4e86\uff0c\u70eb\u8d77\u9152\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8305\u8349\u68da\u4e0b\u5750\u7740\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u81ea\u548c\u5ab3\u5987\u5728\u53a8\u4e0b\u9020\u996d\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u53c8\u5429\u5490\u5973\u5a7f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5982\u4eca\u4e2d\u4e86\u76f8\u516c\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u8981\u7acb\u8d77\u4e2a\u4f53\u7edf\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u8fd9\u884c\u4e8b\u91cc\u90fd\u662f\u4e9b\u6b63\u7ecf\u6709\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u957f\u4eb2\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u6562\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u524d\u88c5\u5927\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\u5bb6\u95e8\u53e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u7530\u7684\u3001\u6252\u7caa\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5e73\u5934\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62f1\u624b\u4f5c\u63d6\uff0c\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u574f\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u89c4\u77e9\uff0c\u8fde\u6211\u8138\u4e0a\u90fd\u65e0\u5149\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u662f\u4e2a\u70c2\u5fe0\u539a\u6ca1\u7528\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6559\u5bfc\u4f60\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u60f9\u4eba\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5cb3\u7236\u89c1\u6559\u7684\u662f\u3002\u201d\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u53c8\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4eb2\u5bb6\u6bcd\u4e5f\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u5750\u7740\u5403\u996d\u3002\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u6bcf\u65e5\u5c0f\u83dc\u996d\uff0c\u60f3\u4e5f\u96be\u8fc7\u3002\u6211\u5973\u513f\u4e5f\u5403\u4e9b\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u8fdb\u4e86\u4f60\u5bb6\u95e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u732a\u6cb9\u53ef\u66fe\u5403\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e09\u56de\u54e9\uff1f\u53ef\u601c\uff01\u53ef\u601c\uff01\u201d\u8bf4\u7f62\uff0c\u5a46\u5ab3\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u90fd\u6765\u5750\u7740\u5403\u4e86\u996d\u3002\u5403\u5230\u65e5\u897f\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u5403\u7684\u91ba\u91ba\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6bcd\u5b50\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u5343\u6069\u4e07\u8c22\u3002\u5c60\u6237\u6a2a\u62ab\u4e86\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u8146\u7740\u809a\u5b50\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u662f\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u4e08\u4eba\u3002\u4f9d\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u8303\u8fdb\u95f4\u5b58\u6709\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8303\u8fdb\u5bb6\u8d2b\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u4e5f\u77a7\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u201c\u73b0\u4e16\u5b9d\u3001\u7a77\u9b3c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5386\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u7d2f\u4e86\u6211\u591a\u5c11\u201d\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u8fdb\u5b66\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u201c\u505a\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u4fbf\u62ff\u4e86\u4e00\u526f\u5927\u80a0\u548c\u4e00\u74f6\u9152\u6765\u9053\u8d3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6559\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u3002\u7528Goffman? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u4fbf\u62ff\u4e86\u4e00\u526f\u5927\u80a0\u548c\u4e00\u74f6\u9152\u6765\u9053\u8d3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6559\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u3002\u7528Goffman\uff081959\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u505a\u7ed9\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u770b\u7684\u201c\u524d\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff08front\u2026Stagebehavior\uff09\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u201c\u524d\u53f0\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u505a\u201c\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u9887\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6f14\u620f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u6392\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8c6a\u534e\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u5385\u5e03\u7f6e\u5f97\u5bcc\u4e3d\u5802\u7687\uff0c\u4ee5\u886c\u6258\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7a7f\u7740\u6253\u626e\u4e0a\u7740\u624b\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u4fee\u9970\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eea\u8868\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8a00\u8c08\u4e3e\u6b62\u65b9\u9762\u4e0b\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u867d\u7136\u201c\u4e2d\u4e86\u76f8\u516c\u201d\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u201c\u51e1\u4e8b\u8981\u7acb\u8d77\u4e2a\u4f53\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u8d22\u529b\uff0c\u65e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d2d\u7f6e\u8c6a\u534e\u5c45\u6240\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb2\u7a76\u7a7f\u7740\u6253\u626e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8a00\u8c08\u4e3e\u6b62\u65b9\u9762\u591a\u4e0b\u529f\u592b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u662f\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u59fb\u4eb2\u957f\u8f88\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u70b9\u8363\u8fb1\u4e0e\u5171\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u6559\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u8fd9\u884c\u4e8b\u91cc\u90fd\u662f\u4e9b\u6b63\u7ecf\u6709\u8138\u9762\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u957f\u4eb2\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u6562\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u88c5\u5927\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\u5bb6\u95e8\u53e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u7530\u7684\u3001\u6252\u7caa\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5e73\u5934\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4f60\u82e5\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62f1\u624b\u4f5c\u63d6\uff0c\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u574f\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u89c4\u77e9\uff0c\u8fde\u6211\u8138\u4e0a\u90fd\u65e0\u5149\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u8bf7\u6258\u4e0e\u5931\u9762\u5b50\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u5c11\u4e0d\u5f97\u62dc\u62dc\u4e61\u90bb\u3002\u9b4f\u597d\u53e4\u53c8\u7ea6\u4e86\u4e00\u73ed\u540c\u6848\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u6765\u5f80\u3002\u56e0\u662f\u4e61\u8bd5\u5e74\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4f1a\u3002\u4e0d\u89c9\u5230\u4e86\u516d\u6708\u5c3d\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u7ea6\u8303\u8fdb\u53bb\u4e61\u8bd5\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u56e0\u6ca1\u6709\u76d8\u8d39\uff0c\u8d70\u53bb\u540c\u4e08\u4eba\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u88ab\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u4e00\u53e3\u5550\u5728\u8138\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a82\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72d7\u8840\u55b7\u5934\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u5931\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u4e86\uff01\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u89c9\u5f97\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u516c\uff0c\u5c31\u2018\u765e\u86e4\u87c6\u60f3\u5403\u8d77\u5929\u9e45\u5c41\u2019\u6765\uff01\u6211\u542c\u89c1\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u76f8\u516c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b97\u5e08\u770b\u89c1\u4f60\u8001\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u610f\uff0c\u820d\u4e0e\u4f60\u7684\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u75f4\u5fc3\u5c31\u60f3\u4e2d\u8d77\u8001\u7237\u6765\uff01\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u8001\u7237\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u2018\u6587\u66f2\u661f\u2019\uff01\u4f60\u4e0d\u770b\u89c1\u57ce\u91cc\u5f20\u5e9c\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e07\u8d2f\u5bb6\u79c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u8033\u3002\u50cf\u4f60\u8fd9\u5c16\u5634\u7334\u816e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8be5\u6492\u629b\u5c3f\u81ea\u5df1\u7167\u7167\uff01\u4e0d\u4e09\u4e0d\u56db\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u5929\u9e45\u5c41\u5403\uff01\u8d81\u65e9\u6536\u4e86\u8fd9\u5fc3\uff0c\u660e\u5e74\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u66ff\u4f60\u5bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9986\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5bfb\u51e0\u4e24\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u517b\u6d3b\u4f60\u90a3\u8001\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u8001\u5a18\u548c\u4f60\u8001\u5a46\u662f\u6b63\u7ecf\uff01\u4f60\u95ee\u6211\u501f\u76d8\u7f20\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5929\u6740\u4e00\u4e2a\u732a\u8fd8\u8d5a\u4e0d\u5f97\u94b1\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u628a\u4e0e\u4f60\u53bb\u4e22\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u4e00\u5bb6\u8001\u5c0f\u559d\u897f\u5317\u98ce\uff01\u201d\u4e00\u987f\u5939\u4e03\u5939\u516b\uff0c\u9a82\u5f97\u8303\u8fdb\u6478\u95e8\u4e0d\u7740\u3002\u8f9e\u4e86\u4e08\u4eba\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u91cc\u60f3\uff1a\u201c\u5b97\u5e08\u8bf4\u6211\u706b\u5019\u5df2\u5230\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u65e0\u573a\u5916\u7684\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u8fdb\u53bb\u8003\u4ed6\u4e00\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7518\u5fc3\uff1f\u201d\u56e0\u5411\u51e0\u4e2a\u540c\u6848\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u7792\u7740\u4e08\u4eba\u5230\u57ce\u91cc\u4e61\u8bd5\u3002\u51fa\u4e86\u573a\uff0c\u5373\u523b\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u5bb6\u91cc\u5df2\u662f\u997f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e09\u5929\u3002\u88ab\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53c8\u9a82\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u540c\u6848\u670b\u53cb\u7ea6\u8303\u8fdb\u8fdb\u57ce\u53c2\u52a0\u4e61\u8bd5\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u76d8\u8d39\uff0c\u8d70\u53bb\u540c\u4e08\u4eba\u5546\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4e08\u4eba\u95f4\u7cfb\u5c5e\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u671f\u4e08\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5411\u540c\u5904\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e5e\u6c42\u4eba\u60c5\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u5927\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u76ee\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bf7\u6258\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u5c0f\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u524d\u7a0b\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u542c\u89c1\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u76f8\u516c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b97\u5e08\u770b\u89c1\u4f60\u8001\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u610f\uff0c\u820d\u4e0e\u4f60\u7684\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u8001\u7237\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u2018\u6587\u66f2\u661f\u2019\uff01\u4f60\u4e0d\u770b\u89c1\u57ce\u91cc\u5f20\u5e9c\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e07\u8d2f\u5bb6\u79c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u8033\u3002\u50cf\u4f60\u8fd9\u5c16\u5634\u7334\u816e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8be5\u6492\u6ce1\u5c3f\u81ea\u5df1\u7167\u7167\uff01\u4e0d\u4e09\u4e0d\u56db\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u5929\u9e45\u5c41\u5403\u201d\uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u7559\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u597d\u76f8\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u548c\u8303\u8fdb\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u4e08\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u5a7f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80af\u501f\u76d8\u7f20\u7ed9\u8303\u8fdb\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u8981\u7ad9\u5728\u5973\u5a7f\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e3a\u8303\u8fdb\u7740\u60f3\uff0c\u505a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u60c5\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u660e\u5e74\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u66ff\u4f60\u5bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9986\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5bfb\u51e0\u4e24\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u517b\u6d3b\u4f60\u90a3\u8001\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u8001\u5a18\u548c\u4f60\u8001\u5a46\u662f\u6b63\u7ecf\uff01\u201d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u8981\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u501f\u76d8\u7f20\u7ed9\u5973\u5a7f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u9884\u671f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u62c5\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u95ee\u6211\u501f\u76d8\u7f20\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5929\u6740\u4e00\u4e2a\u732a\u8fd8\u8d5a\u4e0d\u5f97\u94b1\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u628a\u4e0e\u4f60\u53bb\u4e22\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u4e00\u5bb6\u8001\u5c0f\u559d\u897f\u5317\u98ce\uff01\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u6446\u51fa\u4e08\u4eba\u67b6\u52bf\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u987f\u5939\u4e03\u5939\u516b\uff0c\u9a82\u5f97\u8303\u8fdb\u6478\u95e8\u4e0d\u7740\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8303\u8fdb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u4e08\u4eba\u65e0\u60c5\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u53c8\u5403\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u9a82\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u201c\u6ca1\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u65e2\u65e0\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6328\u4e86\u4e08\u4eba\u7684\u9a82\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u8ba4\u5012\u9709\uff0c\u201c\u8f9e\u4e86\u4e08\u4eba\u56de\u5934\u201d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c33\u8282\u3000\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\uff083\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5e73\u6b65\u9752\u4e91\u4e0e\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e86\u51fa\u699c\u90a3\u65e5\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u65e9\u996d\u7c73\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5429\u5490\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u53ea\u751f\u86cb\u7684\u6bcd\u9e21\uff0c\u4f60\u5feb\u62ff\u96c6\u4e0a\u53bb\u5356\u4e86\uff0c\u4e70\u51e0\u5347\u7c73\u6765\u716e\u9910\u7ca5\u5403\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u662f\u997f\u5f97\u4e24\u773c\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u614c\u5fd9\u62b1\u4e86\u9e21\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u95e8\u53bb\u3002\u624d\u53bb\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u8fb0\uff0c\u53ea\u542c\u5f97\u4e00\u7247\u58f0\u7684\u9523\u54cd\uff0c\u4e09\u5339\u9a6c\u95ef\u5c06\u6765\u3002\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0b\u4e86\u9a6c\uff0c\u628a\u9a6c\u62f4\u5728\u8305\u8349\u68da\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u58f0\u53eb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5feb\u8bf7\u8303\u8001\u7237\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u606d\u559c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u751a\u4e8b\uff0c\u5413\u5f97\u8eb2\u5728\u5c4b\u91cc\uff1b\u542c\u89c1\u4e2d\u4e86\uff0c\u65b9\u6562\u4f38\u51fa\u5934\u6765\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8bf8\u4f4d\u8bf7\u5750\uff0c\u5c0f\u513f\u65b9\u624d\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u201d\u90a3\u4e9b\u62a5\u5f55\u4eba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u539f\u6765\u662f\u8001\u592a\u592a\u3002\u201d\u5927\u5bb6\u7c07\u62e5\u7740\u8981\u559c\u94b1\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u5435\u95f9\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u51e0\u5339\u9a6c\uff0c\u4e8c\u62a5\u3001\u4e09\u62a5\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u6324\u4e86\u4e00\u5c4b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8305\u8349\u68da\u5730\u4e0b\u90fd\u5750\u6ee1\u4e86\u3002\u90bb\u5c45\u90fd\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u62e5\u7740\u770b\uff0c\u8001\u592a\u592a\u6ca1\u5948\u4f55\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u592e\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u53bb\u5bfb\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u90a3\u90bb\u5c45\u98de\u5954\u5230\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5730\u91cc\u5bfb\u4e0d\u89c1\uff1b\u76f4\u5bfb\u5230\u96c6\u4e1c\u5934\uff0c\u89c1\u8303\u8fdb\u62b1\u7740\u9e21\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u63d2\u4e2a\u8349\u6807\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u8e31\u7684\uff0c\u4e1c\u5f20\u897f\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5bfb\u4eba\u4e70\u3002\u90bb\u5c45\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8303\u76f8\u516c\uff0c\u5feb\u4e9b\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u606d\u559c\u4f60\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u62a5\u559c\u4eba\u6324\u4e86\u4e00\u5c4b\u54e9\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\u662f\u54c4\u4ed6\uff0c\u53ea\u88c5\u4e0d\u542c\u89c1\uff0c\u4f4e\u7740\u5934\u5f80\u524d\u8d70\u3002\u90bb\u5c45\u89c1\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7406\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u593a\u4ed6\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u9e21\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u593a\u6211\u7684\u9e21\u600e\u7684\uff1f\u4f60\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e70\u3002\u201d\u90bb\u5c45\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e3e\u4e86\uff0c\u53eb\u4f60\u56de\u5bb6\u53bb\u6253\u53d1\u62a5\u5b50\u54e9\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u9ad8\u90bb\uff0c\u4f60\u6653\u5f97\u6211\u4eca\u65e5\u6ca1\u6709\u7c73\uff0c\u8981\u5356\u8fd9\u53ea\u9e21\u53bb\u6551\u547d\uff0c\u4e3a\u751a\u4e48\u62ff\u8fd9\u8bdd\u54c4\u6211\uff1f\u6211\u53c8\u4e0d\u540c\u4f60\u73a9\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u53bb\u7f62\uff0c\u83ab\u8bef\u4e86\u6211\u5356\u9e21\u3002\u201d\u90bb\u5c45\u89c1\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u5288\u624b\u628a\u9e21\u593a\u4e86\uff0c\u63bc\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u628a\u62c9\u4e86\u56de\u6765\u3002\u62a5\u5f55\u4eba\u89c1\u4e86\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u65b0\u8d35\u4eba\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u6b63\u8981\u62e5\u7740\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u4e09\u4e24\u6b65\u8d70\u8fdb\u5c4b\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u89c1\u4e2d\u95f4\u62a5\u5e16\u5df2\u7ecf\u5347\u6302\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0a\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6377\u62a5\u8d35\u5e9c\u8001\u7237\u8303\u8bb3\u8fdb\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4e61\u8bd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u540d\u4e9a\u5143\u3002\u4eac\u62a5\u8fde\u767b\u9ec4\u7532\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8303\u8fdb\u4e0d\u770b\u4fbf\u7f62\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u53c8\u5ff5\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u4e24\u624b\u62cd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b11\u4e86\u4e00\u58f0\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u566b\uff01\u597d\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u4e2d\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u8bf4\u7740\uff0c\u5f80\u540e\u4e00\u8de4\u8dcc\u5012\uff0c\u7259\u5173\u54ac\u7d27\uff0c\u4e0d\u7701\u4eba\u4e8b\u3002\u8001\u592a\u592a\u614c\u4e86\uff0c\u5fd9\u5c06\u51e0\u53e3\u5f00\u6c34\u704c\u4e86\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u722c\u5c06\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53c8\u62cd\u7740\u624b\u5927\u7b11\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u566b\uff01\u597d\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u4e2d\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u7b11\u7740\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u5206\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u5f80\u95e8\u5916\u98de\u8dd1\uff0c\u628a\u62a5\u5f55\u4eba\u548c\u90bb\u5c45\u90fd\u5413\u4e86\u4e00\u8df3\u3002\u8d70\u51fa\u5927\u95e8\u4e0d\u591a\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u811a\u8dcc\u5728\u5858\u91cc\uff0c\u6323\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5934\u53d1\u90fd\u8dcc\u6563\u4e86\uff0c\u4e24\u624b\u9ec4\u6ce5\uff0c\u6dcb\u6dcb\u6f13\u6f13\u4e00\u8eab\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u62c9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u62cd\u7740\u7b11\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8d70\u5230\u96c6\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4f17\u4eba\u5927\u773c\u671b\u5c0f\u773c\uff0c\u4e00\u9f50\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u539f\u6765\u65b0\u8d35\u4eba\u6b22\u559c\u5f97\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8001\u592a\u592a\u54ed\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u600e\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u82e6\u547d\u7684\u4e8b\uff01\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u751a\u4e48\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62d9\u75c5\uff01\u8fd9\u4e00\u75af\u4e86\uff0c\u51e0\u65f6\u624d\u5f97\u597d\uff1f\u201d\u5a18\u5b50\u80e1\u6c0f\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u65e9\u4e0a\u597d\u597d\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u600e\u7684\u5c31\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u75c5\uff01\u5374\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u662f\u597d\uff1f\u201d\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u529d\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8001\u592a\u592a\u4e0d\u8981\u5fc3\u614c\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u4e14\u6d3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ddf\u5b9a\u4e86\u8303\u8001\u7237\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f17\u4eba\u5bb6\u91cc\u62ff\u4e9b\u9e21\u86cb\u3001\u9152\u3001\u7c73\uff0c\u4e14\u6b3e\u5f85\u4e86\u62a5\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u7237\u4eec\uff0c\u518d\u4e3a\u5546\u914c\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8303\u8fdb\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c5e\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5c5e\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\u4e3a\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u65e9\u996d\u7c73\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4fbf\u8981\u8303\u8fdb\u628a\u5979\u4e00\u53ea\u751f\u86cb\u7684\u6bcd\u9e21\u62b1\u5230\u96c6\u4e0a\u53bb\u5356\uff0c\u4e70\u51e0\u5347\u7c73\u716e\u7ca5\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u8d70\u4e86\u540e\uff0c\u62a5\u5f55\u4eba\u9a91\u5feb\u9a6c\u51b2\u5230\u8303\u8fdb\u5bb6\u6765\u62a5\u559c\u3002\u62a5\u5f55\u4eba\u548c\u8303\u8fdb\u7cfb\u5c5e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u8303\u5bb6\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8981\u7d22\u53d6\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u7c07\u62e5\u7740\u8981\u559c\u94b1\u201d\u3002\u4e8c\u62a5\u3001\u4e09\u62a5\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u6324\u4e86\u4e00\u5c4b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8305\u8349\u68da\u5730\u4e0b\u90fd\u5750\u6ee1\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5230\u5e02\u96c6\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u8303\u8fdb\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u56de\u5bb6\u201c\u6253\u53d1\u62a5\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\u8303\u8fdb\u786e\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u4e3e\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u5fc3\u613f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u5174\u594b\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6b22\u559c\u75af\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u90bb\u5c45\u4eec\u548c\u8303\u8fdb\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u987b\u8bb2\u7a76\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u906d\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u53d8\u6545\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f17\u4eba\u5bb6\u91cc\u62ff\u4e9b\u9e21\u86cb\u3001\u9152\u3001\u7c73\uff0c\u4e14\u6b3e\u5f85\u4e86\u62a5\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u7237\u4eec\uff0c\u518d\u4e3a\u5546\u914c\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u6709\u62ff\u9e21\u86cb\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u62ff\u767d\u9152\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u80cc\u4e86\u6597\u7c73\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6349\u4e24\u53ea\u9e21\u6765\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u201c\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u7ed9\u8303\u8fdb\u5bb6\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c34\u8282\u3000\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\uff084\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u524d\u5028\u540e\u606d\u4e0e\u52a0\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u4e0b\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u6709\u62ff\u9e21\u86cb\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u62ff\u767d\u9152\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u80cc\u4e86\u6597\u7c73\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6293\u4e24\u53ea\u9e21\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5a18\u5b50\u54ed\u54ed\u557c\u557c\uff0c\u5728\u53a8\u4e0b\u6536\u62fe\u9f50\u4e86\uff0c\u62ff\u5728\u8349\u68da\u4e0b\u3002\u90bb\u5c45\u53c8\u642c\u4e9b\u684c\u51f3\uff0c\u8bf7\u62a5\u5f55\u7684\u5750\u7740\u5403\u9152\uff0c\u5546\u8bae\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u75af\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u662f\u597d\uff1f\u201d\u62a5\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4e0b\u5012\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u5f97\u884c\u4e0d\u5f97\uff1f\u201d\u4f17\u4eba\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u4e3b\u610f\uff1f\u201d\u90a3\u4eba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8303\u8001\u7237\u5e73\u65e5\u53ef\u6709\u6700\u6015\u7684\u4eba\uff1f\u53ea\u56e0\u4ed6\u6b22\u559c\u72e0\u4e86\uff0c\u75f0\u6d8c\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u8ff7\u4e86\u5fc3\u7a8d\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u53ea\u6d88\u4ed6\u6015\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u6253\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5634\u5df4\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u8fd9\u62a5\u5f55\u7684\u8bdd\u90fd\u662f\u54c4\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u5e76\u4e0d\u66fe\u4e2d\u3002\u2019\u4ed6\u5403\u8fd9\u4e00\u5413\uff0c\u628a\u75f0\u5410\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u4f17\u90bb\u90fd\u62cd\u624b\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u610f\u597d\u5f97\u7d27\uff0c\u5999\u5f97\u7d27\uff01\u8303\u8001\u7237\u6015\u7684\uff0c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8089\u6848\u4e0a\u7684\u80e1\u8001\u7239\u3002\u597d\u4e86\uff01\u5feb\u5bfb\u80e1\u8001\u7239\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u662f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4e0a\u5356\u8089\u54e9\u3002\u201d\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u96c6\u4e0a\u5356\u8089\uff0c\u4ed6\u5012\u597d\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff1b\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e94\u66f4\u9f13\u5c31\u5f80\u4e1c\u5934\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fce\u732a\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u66fe\u56de\u6765\u3002\u5feb\u4e9b\u8fce\u7740\u53bb\u5bfb\u4ed6\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u98de\u5954\u53bb\u8fce\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u534a\u8def\uff0c\u9047\u7740\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u70e7\u6c64\u7684\u4e8c\u6c49\uff0c\u63d0\u7740\u4e03\u516b\u65a4\u8089\u3001\u56db\u4e94\u5343\u94b1\uff0c\u6b63\u6765\u8d3a\u559c\u3002\u8fdb\u95e8\u89c1\u4e86\u8001\u592a\u592a\uff0c\u8001\u592a\u592a\u54ed\u7740\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u8be7\u5f02\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u96be\u9053\u8fd9\u7b49\u6ca1\u798f\uff01\u201d\u5916\u8fb9\u4eba\u4e00\u7247\u58f0\uff1a\u201c\u8bf7\u80e1\u8001\u7239\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u201d\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u628a\u8089\u548c\u94b1\u4ea4\u4e0e\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u8d70\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f17\u4eba\u5982\u6b64\u8fd9\u822c\uff0c\u540c\u4ed6\u5546\u8bae\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u4f5c\u96be\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u6211\u5973\u5a7f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5374\u505a\u4e86\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u661f\u5bbf\u3002\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u661f\u5bbf\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\uff01\u6211\u542c\u5f97\u658b\u516c\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u6253\u4e86\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u661f\u5bbf\uff0c\u960e\u738b\u5c31\u8981\u62ff\u53bb\u6253\u4e00\u767e\u94c1\u68cd\uff0c\u53d1\u5728\u5341\u516b\u5c42\u5730\u72f1\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u5f97\u7ffb\u8eab\u3002\u6211\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u6562\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\uff01\u201d\u90bb\u5c45\u5185\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c16\u9178\u4eba\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7f62\u4e86\uff01\u80e1\u8001\u7239\uff01\u4f60\u6bcf\u65e5\u6740\u732a\u7684\u8425\u751f\uff0c\u767d\u5200\u5b50\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u7ea2\u5200\u5b50\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u960e\u738b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u53eb\u5224\u5b98\u5728\u7c3f\u5b50\u4e0a\u8bb0\u4e86\u4f60\u51e0\u5343\u6761\u94c1\u68cd\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u6dfb\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e00\u767e\u68cd\uff0c\u53c8\u6253\u751a\u4e48\u8981\u7d27\uff1f\u53ea\u6050\u628a\u94c1\u68cd\u5b50\u6253\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d26\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u6551\u597d\u4e86\u5973\u5a7f\u7684\u75c5\uff0c\u960e\u738b\u53d9\u529f\uff0c\u4ece\u5730\u72f1\u91cc\u628a\u4f60\u63d0\u4e0a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u5c42\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u201d\u62a5\u5f55\u7684\u4eba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u7ba1\u8bb2\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u80e1\u8001\u7239\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u987b\u662f\u8fd9\u822c\u3002\u4f60\u6ca1\u5948\u4f55\uff0c\u6743\u53d8\u4e00\u6743\u53d8\u3002\u201d\u5c60\u6237\u88ab\u4f17\u4eba\u62d7\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u8fde\u659f\u4e24\u7897\u9152\u559d\u4e86\uff0c\u58ee\u4e00\u58ee\u80c6\uff0c\u628a\u65b9\u624d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6536\u8d77\uff0c\u5c06\u5e73\u65e5\u7684\u51f6\u6076\u6837\u5b50\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5377\u4e00\u5377\u90a3\u6cb9\u6643\u6643\u7684\u8863\u8896\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u96c6\u53bb\u3002\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u4e94\u516d\u4e2a\u90fd\u8ddf\u7740\u8d70\u3002\u8001\u592a\u592a\u8d76\u51fa\u6765\u53eb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4eb2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u53ef\u5413\u4ed6\u4e00\u5413\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u6253\u4f24\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4f55\u6d88\u5429\u5490\uff01\u201d\u8bf4\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6765\u5230\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c1\u8303\u8fdb\u6b63\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e99\u95e8\u53e3\u7ad9\u7740\uff0c\u6563\u7740\u5934\u53d1\uff0c\u6ee1\u8138\u6c61\u6ce5\uff0c\u978b\u90fd\u8dd1\u6389\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\uff0c\u5140\u81ea\u62cd\u7740\u638c\uff0c\u53e3\u91cc\u53eb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u4e86\uff01\u4e2d\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u51f6\u795e\u822c\u8d70\u5230\u8ddf\u524d\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8be5\u6b7b\u7684\u755c\u751f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e2d\u4e86\u751a\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5634\u5df4\u6253\u5c06\u53bb\u3002\u4f17\u4eba\u548c\u90bb\u5c45\u89c1\u8fd9\u6a21\u6837\uff0c\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u7b11\u3002\u4e0d\u60f3\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u867d\u7136\u5927\u7740\u80c6\u5b50\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u5230\u5e95\u8fd8\u662f\u6015\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u624b\u65e9\u98a4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u6253\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e0b\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e00\u5634\u5df4\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u6253\u6655\u4e86\uff0c\u660f\u5012\u4e8e\u5730\u3002\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u4e00\u9f50\u4e0a\u524d\uff0c\u66ff\u4ed6\u62b9\u80f8\u53e3\uff0c\u6376\u80cc\u5fc3\u3002\u5f04\u4e86\u534a\u65e5\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u5598\u606f\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u660e\u4eae\uff0c\u4e0d\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u4f17\u4eba\u6276\u8d77\uff0c\u501f\u5e99\u95e8\u53e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u79d1\u90ce\u4e2d\u201c\u59da\u9a7c\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u677f\u51f3\u4e0a\u5750\u7740\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c9\u90a3\u53ea\u624b\u9690\u9690\u7684\u75bc\u5c06\u8d77\u6765\uff1b\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u4e2a\u5df4\u638c\u4ef0\u7740\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u5f2f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u91cc\u61ca\u607c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u679c\u7136\u5929\u4e0a\u2018\u6587\u66f2\u661f\u2019\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u83e9\u8428\u8ba1\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u75bc\u7684\u72e0\u4e86\uff0c\u8fde\u5fd9\u95ee\u90ce\u4e2d\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e2a\u818f\u836f\u8d34\u7740\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8303\u8fdb\u770b\u4e86\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u5750\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1f\u201d\u53c8\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8fd9\u534a\u65e5\u660f\u660f\u6c89\u6c89\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u68a6\u91cc\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u201d\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u606d\u559c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u9002\u624d\u6b22\u559c\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u5f15\u52a8\u4e86\u75f0\uff0c\u65b9\u624d\u5410\u51fa\u51e0\u53e3\u75f0\u6765\uff0c\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u5feb\u8bf7\u56de\u5bb6\u53bb\u6253\u53d1\u62a5\u5f55\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u540d\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u4e00\u9762\u81ea\u7efe\u4e86\u5934\u53d1\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u95ee\u90ce\u4e2d\u501f\u4e86\u4e00\u76c6\u6c34\u6d17\u8138\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u65e9\u628a\u90a3\u4e00\u53ea\u978b\u5bfb\u4e86\u6765\uff0c\u66ff\u4ed6\u7a7f\u4e0a\u3002\u89c1\u4e08\u4eba\u5728\u8ddf\u524d\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u53c8\u8981\u6765\u9a82\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u4e0a\u524d\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8d24\u5a7f\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u65b9\u624d\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u6562\u5927\u80c6\uff0c\u662f\u4f60\u8001\u592a\u592a\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u592e\u6211\u6765\u529d\u4f60\u7684\u3002\u201d\u90bb\u5c45\u5185\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u80e1\u8001\u7239\u65b9\u624d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5634\u5df4\u6253\u7684\u4eb2\u5207\uff0c\u5c11\u9877\u8303\u8001\u7237\u6d17\u8138\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6d17\u4e0b\u534a\u76c6\u732a\u6cb9\u6765\uff01\u201d\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8001\u7239\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd9\u624b\u660e\u65e5\u6740\u4e0d\u5f97\u732a\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u90a3\u91cc\u8fd8\u6740\u732a\uff0c\u6709\u6211\u8fd9\u8d24\u5a7f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6015\u540e\u534a\u4e16\u9760\u4e0d\u7740\u600e\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u6bcf\u5e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d24\u5a7f\uff0c\u624d\u5b66\u53c8\u9ad8\uff0c\u54c1\u8c8c\u53c8\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57ce\u91cc\u5934\u90a3\u5f20\u5e9c\u3001\u5468\u5e9c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u5973\u5a7f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u8c8c\uff01\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8303\u8fdb\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4eb2\u670b\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u6700\u5bcc\u620f\u5267\u6027\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e08\u4eba\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u542c\u5230\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u9886\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70e7\u6c64\u7684\u4e8c\u6c49\uff0c\u63d0\u7740\u4e03\u516b\u65a4\u8089\u3001\u56db\u4e94\u5343\u94b1\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u6765\u8d3a\u559c\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8303\u8fdb\u8fdb\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u53ea\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u526f\u5927\u80a0\u548c\u4e00\u74f6\u9152\uff09\u3002\u4f17\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u8303\u8fdb\u7684\u75f0\u8ff7\u5fc3\u7a8d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5e73\u65e5\u6700\u6015\u7684\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u6253\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5634\u5df4\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u80e1\u8001\u7239\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u4e5f\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u6211\u5973\u5a7f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5374\u505a\u4e86\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u661f\u5bbf\uff0c\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u661f\u5bbf\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\uff01\u201d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f17\u4eba\u518d\u4e09\u529d\u8bf4\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5927\u7740\u80c6\u5b50\uff0c\u6253\u4e86\u8303\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5634\u5df4\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u88ab\u6253\u6655\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u9192\u8fc7\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u5374\u7981\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5730\u81ea\u8d23\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u89c9\u90a3\u53ea\u624b\u9690\u9690\u7684\u75bc\u5c06\u8d77\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u91cc\u61ca\u607c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u679c\u7136\u5929\u4e0a\u2018\u6587\u66f2\u661f\u2019\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u83e9\u8428\u8ba1\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u6e05\u9192\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u7a0d\u4e8b\u6574\u987f\u540e\uff0c\u80e1\u8001\u7239\u4fbf\u4e0a\u524d\u8d54\u7f6a\uff1a\u201c\u8d24\u5a7f\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u65b9\u624d\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u6562\u5927\u80c6\uff0c\u662f\u4f60\u8001\u592a\u592a\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u592e\u6211\u6765\u529d\u4f60\u7684\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e08\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u8d24\u5a7f\u8001\u7237\u201d\uff0c\u8fde\u548c\u4ed6\u6709\u81f3\u4eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u6c34\u6da8\u8239\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u8001\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u8001\u5a18\u201d\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8001\u592a\u592a\u201d\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u767e\u516b\u5341\u5ea6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u9884\u671f\u8303\u8fdb\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u916c\u8d4f\u589e\u5927\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u6211\u8fd9\u8d24\u5a7f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6015\u540e\u534a\u4e16\u9760\u4e0d\u7740\u600e\u7684\uff1f\u201d\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4efd\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u77e5\u89c9\u5230\u7684\u8303\u8fdb\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u201c\u5c16\u5634\u7334\u816e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u4e09\u4e0d\u56db\u201d\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d24\u5a7f\uff0c\u624d\u5b66\u53c8\u9ad8\uff0c\u54c1\u8c8c\u53c8\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57ce\u91cc\u5934\u90a3\u5f20\u5e9c\u3001\u5468\u5e9c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u5973\u5a7f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u8c8c\uff01\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u6709\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u5728\u4ed6\u7a77\u56f0\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u5973\u513f\u5ac1\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u7ed3\u4e3a\u59fb\u4eb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u773c\u5149\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u6709\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u503c\u5f97\u5938\u8000\uff1a\u201c\u5f97\u7f6a\u4f60\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u5c0f\u8001\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cc\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u8ba4\u5f97\u4eba\u7684\uff01\u60f3\u7740\u5148\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5c0f\u5973\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u957f\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5c81\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u94b1\u7684\u5bcc\u6237\u8981\u548c\u6211\u7ed3\u4eb2\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u89c9\u5f97\u5973\u513f\u50cf\u6709\u4e9b\u798f\u6c14\u7684\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u8981\u5ac1\u4e0e\u4e2a\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u9519\uff01\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\uff0c\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u6781\u529b\u5df4\u7ed3\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\uff1a\u201c\u8303\u4e3e\u4eba\u5148\u8d70\uff0c\u5c60\u6237\u548c\u90bb\u5c45\u8ddf\u5728\u540e\u9762\u3002\u5c60\u6237\u89c1\u5973\u5a7f\u8863\u88f3\u540e\u895f\u6eda\u76b1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4f4e\u7740\u5934\u66ff\u4ed6\u626f\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u56de\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5bb6\u95e8\uff0c\u5c60\u6237\u9ad8\u58f0\u53eb\u9053\uff1a\u2018\u8001\u7237\u56de\u5e9c\u4e86\uff01\u2019\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u5bb6\u4eba\u7528\u5c60\u6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\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c35\u8282\u3000\u201c\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\uff085\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u516d\uff09\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u9001\u793c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8303\u8fdb\u8fce\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u53ea\u89c1\u90a3\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u4e0b\u4e86\u8f7f\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u5934\u6234\u7eb1\u5e3d\uff0c\u8eab\u7a7f\u8475\u82b1\u8272\u5706\u9886\uff0c\u91d1\u5e26\u7682\u9774\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e3e\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4efb\u77e5\u53bf\u7684\uff0c\u522b\u53f7\u9759\u658b\u3002\u540c\u8303\u8fdb\u8ba9\u4e86\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u5230\u5802\u5c4b\u5185\u5e73\u78d5\u4e86\u5934\uff0c\u5206\u5bbe\u4e3b\u5750\u4e0b\u3002\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u5148\u6500\u8c08\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u5148\u751f\u540c\u5728\u6851\u6893\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u6709\u5931\u4eb2\u8fd1\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u665a\u751f\u4e45\u4ef0\u8001\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u7f18\uff0c\u4e0d\u66fe\u62dc\u4f1a\u3002\u201d\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u9002\u624d\u770b\u89c1\u9898\u540d\u5f55\uff0c\u8d35\u623f\u5e08\u9ad8\u8981\u53bf\u6c64\u516c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u7956\u7684\u95e8\u751f\u3002\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u662f\u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u4e16\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u665a\u751f\u4fa5\u5e78\uff0c\u5b9e\u662f\u6709\u6127\u3002\u5374\u5e78\u5f97\u51fa\u8001\u5148\u751f\u95e8\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u6b23\u559c\u3002\u201d\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u56db\u9762\u5c06\u773c\u775b\u671b\u4e86\u4e00\u671b\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u5148\u751f\u679c\u662f\u6e05\u8d2b\u3002\u201d\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u8ddf\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u8fc7\u4e00\u5c01\u94f6\u5b50\u6765\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f1f\u5374\u4e5f\u65e0\u4ee5\u4e3a\u656c\uff0c\u8c28\u5177\u8d3a\u4eea\u4e94\u5341\u4e24\uff0c\u4e16\u5148\u751f\u6743\u4e14\u6536\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u534e\u5c45\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f4f\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u5f53\u4e8b\u62dc\u5f80\uff0c\u4ff1\u4e0d\u751a\u4fbf\u3002\u5f1f\u6709\u7a7a\u623f\u4e00\u6240\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e1c\u95e8\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e09\u8fdb\u4e09\u95f4\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u8f69\u655e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u5e72\u51c0\uff0c\u5c31\u9001\u4e0e\u4e16\u5148\u751f\uff1b\u642c\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u4f4f\uff0c\u65e9\u665a\u4e5f\u597d\u8bf7\u6559\u4e9b\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u518d\u4e09\u63a8\u8f9e\u3002\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u6025\u4e86\uff0c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6211\u5e74\u8c0a\u4e16\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u81f3\u4eb2\u9aa8\u8089\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u89c1\u5916\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u65b9\u624d\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u6536\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u63d6\u8c22\u4e86\u3002\u53c8\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u6253\u8eac\u4f5c\u522b\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u76f4\u7b49\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4e86\u8f7f\uff0c\u624d\u6562\u8d70\u51fa\u5802\u5c4b\u6765\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u548c\u8303\u8fdb\u7d20\u672a\u8c0b\u9762\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u662f\u5378\u4efb\u77e5\u53bf\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u662f\u65b0\u79d1\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u524d\u7a0b\u672a\u53ef\u9650\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u610f\u524d\u6765\u6500\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u201c\u540c\u8303\u8fdb\u8ba9\u4e86\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u5230\u5802\u5c4b\u5185\u5e73\u78d5\u4e86\u5934\uff0c\u5206\u5bbe\u4e3b\u5750\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u6500\u8c08\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u5148\u751f\u540c\u5728\u6851\u6893\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u6709\u5931\u4eb2\u8fd1\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u672c\u662f\u5c61\u8bd5\u4e0d\u4e2d\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e66\u751f\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4eb2\u8fd1\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\u5ba2\u6c14\u5730\u56de\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u665a\u751f\u4e45\u4ef0\u8001\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u7f18\uff0c\u4e0d\u66fe\u62dc\u4f1a\u3002\u201d\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u53c8\u7ee7\u7eed\u6500\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u201c\u9002\u624d\u770b\u89c1\u9898\u540d\u5f55\uff0c\u8d35\u623f\u5e08\u9ad8\u8981\u53bf\u6c64\u516c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u7956\u7684\u95e8\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u662f\u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u4e16\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u542c\u89c1\u8fd9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d76\u5fd9\u642d\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6761\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u201c\u665a\u751f\u4fa5\u5e78\uff0c\u5b9e\u662f\u6709\u6127\uff0c\u5374\u5e78\u5f97\u51fa\u8001\u5148\u751f\u95e8\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u6b23\u559c\u3002\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u642d\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u82e5\u662f\u9884\u671f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c06\u6765\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u8981\u8bbe\u6cd5\u52a0\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u9001\u793c\u3002\u5bf9\u65b9\u5730\u4f4d\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u6108\u4e30\u539a\uff0c\u9001\u7684\u793c\u4e5f\u6108\u5927\u3002\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u770b\u8303\u8fdb\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u8d2b\uff0c\u5c45\u6240\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u964b\uff0c\u201c\u5c06\u6765\u5f53\u4e8b\u62dc\u5f80\uff0c\u4ff1\u4e0d\u751a\u4fbf\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u4ece\u5728\u8ddf\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u8fc7\u4e00\u5c01\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u9001\u4ed6\u8d3a\u793c\u4e94\u5341\u4e24\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f1f\u6709\u7a7a\u623f\u4e00\u6240\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e1c\u95e8\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e09\u8fdb\u4e09\u95f4\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u8f69\u655e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u5e72\u51c0\uff0c\u5c31\u9001\u4e0e\u4e16\u5148\u751f\u3002\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u518d\u4e09\u63a8\u8f9e\uff0c\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u6025\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6211\u5e74\u8c0a\u4e16\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u81f3\u4eb2\u9aa8\u8089\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u89c1\u5916\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u82e5\u662f\u628a\u793c\u6536\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u5e74\u8c0a\u4e16\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u81f3\u4eb2\u9aa8\u8089\u4e00\u822c\u201d\uff1b\u8303\u8fdb\u82e5\u662f\u4e0d\u6536\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u89c1\u5916\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5c31\u6de1\u4e86\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u6536\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u63d6\u8c22\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u9884\u671f\u4e0e\u4eba\u60c5\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8303\u8fdb\u5373\u5c06\u8fd9\u94f6\u5b50\u4ea4\u4e0e\u6d51\u5bb6\u6253\u5f00\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u5c01\u4e00\u5c01\u96ea\u767d\u7684\u7ec6\u4e1d\u952d\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5305\u4e86\u4e24\u952d\uff0c\u53eb\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u9012\u4e0e\u4ed6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u65b9\u624d\u8d39\u8001\u7239\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u62ff\u4e86\u4e94\u5343\u94b1\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u516d\u4e24\u591a\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u8001\u7239\u62ff\u4e86\u53bb\u3002\u201d\u5c60\u6237\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u63e1\u5728\u624b\u91cc\u7d27\u7d27\u7684\uff0c\u628a\u62f3\u5934\u4f38\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e14\u6536\u7740\u3002\u6211\u539f\u662f\u8d3a\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u600e\u597d\u53c8\u62ff\u56de\u53bb\uff1f\u201d\u8303\u8fdb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u773c\u89c1\u5f97\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e24\u94f6\u5b50\uff1b\u82e5\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u6765\u95ee\u8001\u7239\u8ba8\u6765\u7528\u3002\u201d\u5c60\u6237\u8fde\u5fd9\u628a\u62f3\u5934\u7f29\u4e86\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u5f80\u8170\u91cc\u63e3\uff0c\u53e3\u91cc\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u4f60\u800c\u4eca\u76f8\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f20\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u4f55\u6101\u6ca1\u6709\u94f6\u5b50\u7528\uff1f\u4ed6\u5bb6\u7684\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u7687\u5e1d\u5bb6\u8fd8\u591a\u4e9b\u54e9\uff01\u4ed6\u5bb6\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5356\u8089\u7684\u4e3b\u987e\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u4e8b\uff0c\u8089\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u56db\u4e94\u5343\u65a4\uff0c\u94f6\u5b50\u4f55\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\uff01\u201d\u53c8\u8f6c\u56de\u5934\u6765\u671b\u7740\u5973\u513f\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u65e9\u4e0a\u62ff\u4e86\u94b1\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u8be5\u6b7b\u884c\u761f\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80af\uff01\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u59d1\u8001\u7237\u4eca\u975e\u6614\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c11\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u9001\u4e0a\u95e8\u6765\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u59d1\u8001\u7237\u8fd8\u4e0d\u7a00\u7f55\u2019\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u679c\u4e0d\u5176\u7136\uff01\u5982\u4eca\u62ff\u4e86\u94f6\u5b50\u5bb6\u53bb\uff0c\u9a82\u8fd9\u6b7b\u780d\u5934\u77ed\u547d\u7684\u5974\u624d\uff01\u201d\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u5343\u6069\u4e07\u8c22\uff0c\u4f4e\u7740\u5934\uff0c\u7b11\u772f\u772f\u5730\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6709\u6765\u6709\u5f80\uff0c\u4eb2\u7737\u4e0d\u51b7\u573a\u201d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ef4\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6765\u800c\u4e0d\u5f80\uff0c\u975e\u793c\u4e5f\u201d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u6cd5\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u8fdb\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4e08\u4eba\u62ff\u4e86\u4e00\u526f\u5927\u80a0\u548c\u4e00\u74f6\u9152\u6765\u8d3a\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u65e0\u4ee5\u4e3a\u62a5\uff0c\u518d\u60f3\u5411\u4e08\u4eba\u501f\u76d8\u8d39\u53c2\u52a0\u4e61\u8bd5\uff0c\u4fbf\u88ab\u595a\u843d\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e08\u4eba\u53c8\u62ff\u4e86\u201c\u4e03\u516b\u65a4\u8089\u3001\u56db\u4e94\u5343\u94b1\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u6765\u8d3a\u559c\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u6536\u4e86\u5f20\u4e61\u7ec5\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u4e24\u8d3a\u4eea\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5305\u4e86\u516d\u4e24\u591a\u94f6\u5b50\u9001\u7ed9\u4e08\u4eba\uff0c\u5c60\u6237\u201c\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u63e1\u5728\u624b\u91cc\u7d27\u7d27\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5634\u4e0a\u5374\u4e0d\u514d\u8c26\u8ba9\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u53ca\u81f3\u542c\u5230\u8303\u8fdb\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5c06\u6765\u94f6\u5b50\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u201c\u518d\u6765\u95ee\u8001\u7239\u8ba8\u6765\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u8d76\u5fd9\u628a\u94b1\u6536\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u8bb2\u7a76\u201c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u4eba\u60c5\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\uff1a\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u5728\u62ff\u793c\u6765\u8d3a\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u6599\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5973\u513f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u65e9\u4e0a\u62ff\u4e86\u94b1\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u8be5\u6b7b\u884c\u761f\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80af\uff01\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u59d1\u8001\u7237\u4eca\u975e\u6614\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c11\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u9001\u4e0a\u95e8\u6765\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u59d1\u8001\u7237\u8fd8\u4e0d\u7a00\u7f55\u3002\u2019\u4eca\u65e5\u679c\u4e0d\u5176\u7136\uff01\u5982\u4eca\u62ff\u4e86\u94b1\u5bb6\u53bb\uff0c\u9a82\u8fd9\u6b7b\u780d\u5934\u77ed\u547d\u7684\u5974\u624d\uff01\u201d\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5747\u5982\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u6240\u6599\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u62ff\u4e86\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u201c\u5343\u6069\u4e07\u8c22\uff0c\u4f4e\u7740\u5934\uff0c\u7b11\u772f\u772f\u5730\u53bb\u4e86\u201d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u8fde\u8f7d\u5b8c\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u5173\u6ce8\u7b2c36\u8282\u3000\u7ed3\u8bba
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u4e09\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u66fe\u8fdb\u8fc7\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8303\u7574\u4e5f\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u4ee5\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u5bb6\u91cc\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6e05\u8d2b\uff0c\u8fde\u5411\u4e08\u4eba\u501f\u76d8\u8d39\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u4e61\u8bd5\u90fd\u8981\u88ab\u62a2\u767d\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u201d\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8c1a\u8bed\u611f\u53f9\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u95f4\u6709\u4e8c\u8584\uff1a\u6625\u51b0\u8584\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u66f4\u8584\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u51b7\u6696\uff0c\u4e16\u6001\u708e\u51c9\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u94b1\u4f11\u5165\u4f17\uff0c\u906d\u96be\u83ab\u5bfb\u4eb2\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u60c5\u770b\u51b7\u6696\uff0c\u4eba\u9762\u9010\u9ad8\u4f4e\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4f3c\u7eb8\u5f20\u5f20\u8584\uff0c\u4e16\u4e8b\u5982\u68cb\u5c40\u5c40\u65b0\u201d\u3002\u53ca\u81f3\u8303\u8fdb\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u6765\u5f80\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u4ece\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08\u80e1\u5c60\u6237\u3001\u4f17\u90bb\u5c45\uff09\u5bf9\u4ed6\u53e6\u773c\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u8fde\u4ed6\u539f\u5148\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e89\u7740\u6765\u548c\u4ed6\u6500\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u62c9\u4ea4\u60c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u5949\u627f\u4ed6\uff1a\u6709\u9001\u7530\u4ea7\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u9001\u5e97\u623f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u843d\u7834\u6237\uff0c\u4e24\u53e3\u5b50\u6765\u6295\u8eab\u4e3a\u4ec6\uff0c\u56fe\u836b\u5e87\u7684\u3002\u5230\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u8303\u8fdb\u5bb6\u5974\u4ec6\u3001\u4e2b\u9b1f\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u94b1\u3001\u7c73\u662f\u4e0d\u6d88\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u8303\u8fdb\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u8981\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6765\u56de\u62a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u5728\u660e\u671d\u7684\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u7ecf\u7531\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u9ad8\u5347\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u4e3e\u8fdb\u5165\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f9d\u7167\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u56de\u62a5\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u6709\u7559\u5f85\u4ed6\u5904\uff0c\u518d\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c37\u8282\u3000\u524d\u8a00
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\/Richard\u3000L\u3002A\u3002Sterba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300016\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u8377\u5170\u7b49\u56fd\u6c34\u624b\u4ece\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5e26\u56de\u897f\u65b9\u8bb8\u591a\u5947\u95fb\u9038\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u7531\u5b66\u8005\u517c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u80fd\u5e72\u3001\u6700\u777f\u667a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u6709\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5411\u5f80\u9065\u8fdc\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5b83\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u5b98\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6587\u5b98\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5c5e\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u548c\u50da\u5c5e\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u5927\u90fd\u88ab\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b98\u540f\u6240\u8ff7\u4f4f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b98\u50da\u79d1\u5c42\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0b\u7ea7\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u51e0\u4e4e\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u9636\u5c42\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b63\u5982Balazs\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u2026\u2026\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u5b98\u5458\u4e3a\u5b98\u5458\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\uff1b\u6b64\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b83\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u6240\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b83\u53ea\u8bb0\u8f7d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\uff08Balazs\uff0c1943\uff1a135\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u4eba\u5458\u5730\u4f4d\u751a\u4f4e\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u6beb\u65e0\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7531\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u4eba\u5458\u6240\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4ee5\u5f80 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000?br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7531\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u4eba\u5458\u6240\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4ee5\u5f80\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u5c42\u50da\u5c5e\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001\u8499\u853d\u3001\u884c\u8bc8\u3001\u52fe\u7ed3\u7b49\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5206\u6d3e\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u7cbe\u719f\u884c\u653f\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9042\u80fd\u591f\u8499\u853d\u3001\u59a8\u788d\u3001\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80c1\u8feb\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u5177\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u5904\u5145\u65a5\u7684\u8150\u5316\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u8087\u56e0\u4e8e\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7978\u9996\u5374\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3001\u626d\u66f2\u548c\u7834\u574f\u884c\u653f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u5c42\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8d2a\u6c61\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5305\u5e87\u548c\u5171\u8c0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u7ea61300\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u4fbf\u8981\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u9879\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u6574\u8083\u80e5\u540f\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4f19\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8981\u7b80\u7565\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u80e5\u540f\u53ca\u5176\u50da\u5c5e\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8fc7\u5931\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63d0\u7eb2\u6308\u9886\u5730\u5ba1\u89c6\u80e5\u540f\u8d2a\u6c61\u548c\u628a\u6301\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u56de\u987e\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u80e5\u540f\u6240\u91c7\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c38\u8282\u3000\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u6b63\u5982\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u671d\u5ef7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u5374\u662f\u5728\u5b54\u5b50\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d551\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d479\u5e74\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u8bf8\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u97e6\u4f2f\uff08Weber\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b57\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5b57\u90fd\u66f4\u96be\u5b66\u901a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u8bf4\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u4e0d\u96be\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c01\u5efa\u9886\u4e3b\u90fd\u5728\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u8058\u517b\u4e00\u4f4d\u751a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6cbb\u7ee9\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u9000\u800c\u4ece\u4e8b\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8bf4\u670d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7528\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff0c\u6765\u6062\u590d\u8bf8\u5982\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u667a\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u6062\u590d\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b54\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u5f1f\u5b50\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u8005\u5730\u4f4d\u786e\u6709\u5176\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u518d\u5ea6\u5f70\u663e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5b9c\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u79e6\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d221\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d207\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u59cb\u7687\u5e1d\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u9042\u884c\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4fbf\u5ba3\u544a\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u672a\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5145\u5206\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u6291\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u503e\u5411\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c49\u671d\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d202\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143220\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u6b66\u5e1d\u4e5f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8e48\u79e6\u653f\u6743\u7684\u8986\u8f99\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u6548\u5fe0\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7a33\u56fa\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u7b03\u4fe1\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6b66\u5e1d\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u4efb\u7528\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b8a\u8363\uff0c\u5e76\u8d60\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d25\u8d34\u3001\u6069\u5178\u548c\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u5173\u6000\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u8870\u5b58\u4ea1\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6b66\u5e1d\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6c49\u4ee3\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u5176\u540e\u5927\u7ea6\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u671d\u4ee3\u66f4\u66ff\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u671d\u4ee3\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u6a21\u4eff\u6b66\u5e1d\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u5510\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u5143618\u5e74\u81f3906\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u624d\u544a\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u76f4\u52301905\u5e74\u5e9f\u6b62\u79d1\u4e3e\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u6b21\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u59cb\u7ec8\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e0d\u8f8d\uff0c\u5176\u53d8\u52a8\u4e4b\u5fae\uff0c\u7740\u5b9e\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5f02\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u8272\u4e2d\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4efb\u5b98\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u5e94\u8003\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ea7\u7ea7\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08\u529f\u540d\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u79c0\u624d\u8d44\u683c\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u82b1\u8d39\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u592b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8bd5\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u5728\u5404\u5730\u4e3e\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u9879\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5949\u6d3e\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u4fee\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5177\u6709\u79c0\u624d\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e3e\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8bd5\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u4e09\u5e74\u5728\u5404\u7701\u7701\u57ce\u4e3e\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u667a\u529b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8003\u9a8c\u5e94\u8003\u8005\u7684\u6bc5\u529b\u548c\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u6839\u636eLatourette\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u2026\u2026\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8005\u5373\u88ab\u5e26\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u8003\u68da\uff0c\u5173\u5728\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\u624d\u51c6\u8bb8\u51fa\u68da\u3002\u5149\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4fbf\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u4eba\u66b4\u6bd9\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e5f\u65f6\u6709\u6240\u95fb\u3002\uff08Latourette\uff0c1962\uff1a463\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ecf\u8fc7\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7814\u4fee\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u83b7\u6709\u4e3e\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u8005\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u5f80\u4eac\u5e08\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u9879\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u800c\u4e14\u5e7f\u535a\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8bd5\u4e5f\u662f\u6bcf\u4e09\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u8981\u5728\u7687\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u6bbf\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6b8a\u8363\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fdb\u58eb\u7684\u529f\u540d\uff0c\u4fbf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u671d\u5ef7\u7684\u4efb\u7528\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u8003\u8bd5\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u8003\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u7ea7\u5c42\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u6dd8\u6c70\u7387\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u843d\u699c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8bd5\u518d\u8bd5\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u4e09\u4ee3\u540c\u573a\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\u4e4b\u4f8b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u58eb\u90fd\u80fd\u5949\u6d3e\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u5949\u6d3e\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u7531\u8003\u8bd5\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u8d50\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b98\u804c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u5356\uff0c\u519b\u4e2d\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u5e38\u8f6c\u8c03\u4e3a\u6587\u804c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b98\u804c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6388\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u7531\u8003\u8bd5\u6b63\u9014\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u4e66\u9662\u6765\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u5fd7\u62c5\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u804c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8003\u8bd5\u5728\u7504\u9009\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u4e66\u9662\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e0e\u89c4\u6a21\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5145\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u4e60\u8bf8\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u836f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u5fd7\u51fa\u4ed5\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u51c6\u5907\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u653f\u624d\u80fd\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6beb\u65e0\u52a9\u76ca\u3002\u4ee5\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u53ea\u504f\u91cd\u827a\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1b\u5176\u8003\u8bd5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53c8\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u80cc\u8bf5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6587\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u4f5c\u6587\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u683c\u8a00\u548c\u8bad\u793a\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u6709\u6781\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5145\u6ee1\u667a\u6167\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5353\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u504f\u91cd\u821e\u6587\u5f04\u58a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2a\u96be\u89e3\u7684\u8c1c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u602a\u5f02\u73b0\u8c61\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u7ea7\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u624d\u7b26\u5408\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fee\u517b\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u5929\u5b50\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5eb6\u4eba\uff0c\u58f9\u662f\u7686\u4ee5\u4fee\u8eab\u4e3a\u672c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u66f4\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u7814\u8bfb\u4f20\u7edf\u5178\u7c4d\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5174\u4e8e\u8bd7\uff0c\u7acb\u4e8e\u793c\uff0c\u6210\u4e8e\u4e50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u8bba\u8bed&#8226\uff1b\u6cf0\u4f2f\u7bc7\u300b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7cbe\u901a\u5178\u7c4d\u5e94\u5f53\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u65c1\u9a9b\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u4e60\u884c\u653f\u77e5\u80fd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u522b\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u4e49\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u9879\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u6709\u6240\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bf5\u8bd7\u4e09\u767e\uff0c\u6388\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fbe\uff1b\u4f7f\u4e8e\u56db\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e13\u5bf9\uff1b\u867d\u591a\uff0c\u4ea6\u595a\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff01\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u8bba\u8bed&#8226\uff1b\u5b50\u8def\u7bc7\u300b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u9762\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u5b98\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4eac\u57ce\u7684\u90fd\u4f1a\u53ca\u8859\u95e8\u4e2d\u529e\u516c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5949\u6d3e\u7ba1\u7406\u76d0\u94c1\u77ff\u4ea7\u3001\u704c\u6e89\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u6216\u5f00\u51ff\u8fd0\u6cb3\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u96f6\u6563\u5206\u6d3e\u5230\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u548c\u4e61\u9547\u6c11\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4d\u5c45\u4f55\u5904\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5747\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5176\u4e0b\u7ea7\u50da\u5c5e\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4eac\u57ce\u4ee5\u5916\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u671d\u5ef7\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u7684\u6e05\u5ec9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7ae0\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u5f87\u79c1\u8d77\u7528\u4eb2\u65cf\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u59cb\u7ec8\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6b64\u4e00\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5728\u8fd1\u4eb2\u5e95\u4e0b\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u6df1\u53d7\u671d\u5ef7\u5ba0\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u56e0\u201c\u5185\u4e3e\u4e0d\u907f\u4eb2\u201d\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u8d5e\u626c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4e0d\u51c6\u6d3e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u7701\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u8fd9\u9879\u9650\u5236\u7528\u610f\u56fa\u7136\u751a\u4f73\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6d3e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u98ce\u4fd7\u6c11\u60c5\u751a\u81f3\u65b9\u8a00\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u9694\u9602\u7684\u4efb\u804c\u5730\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u52bf\u529b\u4e92\u76f8\u52fe\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5b98\u804c\u4efb\u671f\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u671f\u6ee1\u5373\u4e88\u8f6e\u8c03\u3002\u5bf9\u5b98\u5458\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u719f\u6089\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd8\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u672c\u8eab\u804c\u638c\u90fd\u5acc\u592a\u77ed\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8003\u7ee9\u5236\u5ea6\u6bcf\u4e09\u5e74\u4fbf\u5bf9\u5b98\u5458\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u8003\u8bc4\uff0c\u8003\u6838\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u5c3d\u91cf\u6c42\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u6df1\u53d7\u6c11\u4f17\u7231\u6234\u53ca\u6cbb\u7406\u5f97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u663e\u793a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8003\u7ee9\u826f\u597d\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5347\u8fc1\u5956\u52b1\uff1b\u8003\u7ee9\u6076\u52a3\u8005\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7f5a\u91d1\u3001\u964d\u804c\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u5f00\u9769\u5904\u5206\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u957f\u671f\u7559\u4efb\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f97\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5b9a\u671f\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c55\u73b0\u5176\u5b66\u8bc6\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u627f\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6587\u5b98\u4f18\u539a\u7684\u85aa\u4ff8\u548c\u4e30\u88d5\u7684\u6d25\u8d34\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u56f0\u7a98\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u8fd9\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u65e0\u6cd5\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u671d\u5ef7\u5c81\u6536\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u5bcc\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5f97\u8bbe\u6cd5\u81ea\u7b79\u516c\u5bb6\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5bf9\u5b98\u5458\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bd4\u85aa\u4ff8\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u516c\u804c\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u516c\u4f59\u4e4b\u6687\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u4eba\u96c5\u58eb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b98\u5458\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u9887\u6709\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u672a\u4f5c\u8be6\u5c3d\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u5927\u90fd\u51fa\u81ea\u63e3\u6d4b\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u4ece\u65ad\u7b80\u6b8b\u7f16\u4e2d\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6781\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec6\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u65ad\u5b9a\uff1a\u6587\u5b98\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7e41\u7410\u7ec6\u788e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d41\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b98\u5458\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u540c\u50da\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u67d0\u9879\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u603b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u62c5\u4efb\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u957f\u5b98\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u884c\u653f\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u671f\u8bb8\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u662f\u89c6\u5176\u804c\u4f4d\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u5b98\u5458\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u4f17\u3001\u7cbe\u529b\u8fc7\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u5949\u732e\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4eba\u6570\u663e\u7136\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c39\u8282\u3000\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u6b21\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u6b21\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u6216\u662f\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u53f2\u4e66\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u8d23\u96be\u548c\u6076\u8bc4\u3002\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6709\u5173\u5176\u8d2a\u5a6a\u3001\u865a\u4f2a\u548c\u80cc\u4fe1\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e2d\u82e6\u5fc3\u641c\u5bfb\u3002\u4ece\u5b54\u5b50\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc4\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u65e0\u7591\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6eaf\u5230\u66f4\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u800c\u4e14\u6076\u540d\u662d\u5f70\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u80e5\u540f\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u8eab\u81ea\u8d2b\u7a77\u800c\u6e05\u767d\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u6027\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\u6216\u5b66\u8bc6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed5\u9014\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5b98\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u80e5\u540f\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u68c0\u800c\u88ab\u9769\u804c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6781\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u88c1\u5458\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e27\u5931\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u51c6\u5141\u53c2\u52a0\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\u662f\u8fde\u519c\u6c11\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u60e7\u6015\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba8\u538c\u80e5\u540f\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u5219\u9119\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u5904\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u4f9b\u800c\u751f\u6c42\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u660e\u9020\u7eb8\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4e66\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63d0\u5347\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u3002\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f8b\u884c\u516c\u4e8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5236\u4f5c\u5404\u79cd\u526f\u672c\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u80e5\u540f\u7cbe\u901a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70e6\u7410\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9042\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u80e5\u540f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4e66\u548c\u7b97\u6570\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7e41\u6587\u7f1b\u8282\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u6ef4\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5f97\u81ea\u5176\u4eb2\u621a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u4e0b\u4f20\u6388\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7236\u5b50\u76f8\u4f20\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u7b14\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u552e\u4e88\u65b0\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u64cd\u7eb5\u81ea\u5982\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c14\u5019\u6709\u901a\u76d8\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u80e5\u540f\u548c\u6587\u5b98\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u98ce\u571f\u6c11\u60c5\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u653f\u5e9c\u660e\u4ee4\u89c4\u5b9a\u5176\u4efb\u671f\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u89c4\u907f\u8fd9\u9879\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ef6\u5c55\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec8\u8eab\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4ed8\u85aa\u8d44\u7ed9\u80e5\u540f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u4ea6\u6781\u5176\u5fae\u8584\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4efb\u804c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u6536\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u8d39\uff08\u964b\u89c4\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u7136\u6536\u8d3f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u804c\u4f4d\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u4f4e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5351\u8eac\u5c48\u819d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8a00\u8bed\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u51cc\u8fb1\uff0c\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u865e\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5373\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6709\u5173\u80e5\u540f\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u542b\u6df7\u3002\u77bf\u540c\u7956\u66fe\u7ecf\u7b80\u660e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6e05\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u51431634 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6709\u5173\u80e5\u540f\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u542b\u6df7\u3002\u77bf\u540c\u7956\u66fe\u7ecf\u7b80\u660e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6e05\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u51431634\u5e74\u81f31911\u5e74\uff09\u53bf\u7ea7\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5179\u5c06\u5176\u6458\u5f55\u5e76\u6539\u5199\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\u3002\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u8d77\u8349\u521d\u7a3f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002\u3002\u6e05\u8a8a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30003\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u4f8b\u884c\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30004\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\u3002\u53d1\u7ed9\u6267\u7167\u8bc1\u72b6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30006\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u7a0e\u6536\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30007\u3002\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b\u5f52\u6863\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3002\uff08Chu\uff0c1962\uff1a41\u202642\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u6b63\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u80e5\u540f\u5374\u7ecf\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u50ed\u8d8a\u804c\u6743\u800c\u6076\u540d\u662d\u5f70\u3002\u5728\u8f6f\u5f31\u3001\u751f\u758f\u3001\u6563\u6f2b\u6216\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u63fd\u6743\u3002\u5218\u5b50\u5065\uff08Liu\uff0c1967\uff09\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u80e5\u540f\u7279\u522b\u56a3\u5f20\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5403\u8db3\u82e6\u5934\u540e\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5982\u80e5\u540f\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8c1a\u8bed\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u540f\u5f3a\u800c\u5b98\u5f31\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u54ea\u4e00\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u201c\u5b98\u5458\u603b\u662f\u6c34\u571f\u4e0d\u670d\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u5374\u662f\u5982\u9c7c\u5f97\u6c34\u201d\u3002\uff08Liu\uff0c1967\uff1a339\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5e1d\u5236\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u662f\u5c0f\u804c\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u867d\u7136\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u90fd\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u50da\u5c5e\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u80e5\u540f\u66f4\u53d7\u4eba\u8f7b\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5993\u5973\u3001\u620f\u5b50\u548c\u5974\u4ec6\u540c\u4e00\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f85\u9047\u6781\u5dee\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u4e3a\u65e0\u6052\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u91d1\u94b1\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u5305\u62ec\u964b\u89c4\u3001\u8d3f\u8d42\u548c\u52d2\u7d22\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6536\u5165\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u540c\u8c0b\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u89e6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u626e\u6f14\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4eba\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u50da\u5c5e\u5360\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u53ef\u94bb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u51fa\u4e2a\u4ef7\u94b1\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u8859\u95e8\u7684\u50da\u5c5e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u78cb\u5546\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c40\u8282\u3000\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u8d2a\u6c61\u548c\u628a\u6301
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u8d2a\u6c61\u548c\u628a\u6301\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5730\u65b9\u80e5\u540f\u60df\u5229\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u6bd4\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u76ee\u5f20\u80c6\u3002\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4eac\u57ce\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8150\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6c11\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u800c\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u5927\u90fd\u52a1\u519c\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u98ce\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u914d\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5e72\u9884\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u670d\u5175\u5f79\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5206\u62c5\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u52b3\u5f79\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5883\u9047\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u4efb\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u516c\u804c\u3002\u4e07\u4e00\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u548c\u6cbb\u5b89\u5f53\u5c40\u53ca\u6cd5\u5ead\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u8bf8\u767e\u59d3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u53ca\u50da\u5c5e\u624d\u80fd\u9042\u884c\u5176\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u52fe\u5f53\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6839\u636e\u5218\u5b50\u5065\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u662f\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5904\u7406\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u4e66\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5a34\u719f\u4e8e\u5b98\u50da\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u77e5\u9053\u8bb8\u591a\u7384\u5999\u7684\u5f04\u6743\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5c31\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u66f4\u96be\u9a7e\u9a6d\u3002\uff08Liu\uff0c1967\uff1a320\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5584\u4e8e\u63a9\u9970\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de7\u53d6\u8c6a\u593a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u5730\u65b9\u80e5\u540f\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\u3001\u6572\u8bc8\u3001\u632a\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4fef\u62fe\u7686\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4eac\u57ce\u80e5\u540f\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u8d44\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u8f83\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u6301\u548c\u6b3a\u8499\u7684\u4f0e\u4fe9\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6076\u884c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7701\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u80e5\u540f\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u628a\u6301\u4f0e\u4fe9\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u76f4\u5c5e\u4e0a\u53f8\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4e2d\u592e\u90e8\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u80fd\u4e00\u5e76\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u80e5\u540f\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u62d6\u5ef6\u3001\u5047\u88c5\u8bef\u89e3\u3001\u9633\u5949\u9634\u8fdd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u5927\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u6297\u62d2\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5218\u5b50\u5065\uff08Liu\uff0c1967\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u6587\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5b8b\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u4fbf\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6697\u4e2d\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u572850\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u6bcf\u9879\u6cd5\u4ee4\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u7384\u5999\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u662f\u628a\u6301\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u6839\u636eHerson\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u5404\u90e8\u5927\u81e3\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u8b66\u89c9\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u4eba\u628a\u6301\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u53cd\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5218\u5b50\u5065\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u675c\u4e25\u662f\u4e2a\u5e72\u7ec3\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u67d0\u9879\u7a7a\u7f3a\u6d3e\u7ed9\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u4e09\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u4eba\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u7531\u7532\u81f3\u4e19\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u675c\u4e25\u5f81\u8be2\u5c5e\u4e0b\u610f\u89c1\u65f6\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u4e19\u8d3f\u8d42\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u80e5\u540f\u79c1\u4e0b\u5efa\u8bae\u4e19\uff0c\u7531\u4e19\u51fa\u9762\u4e3e\u53d1\u7532\u7684\u8d44\u5386\u4e2d\u67d0\u9879\u8d44\u683c\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u4efb\u547d\u4e8e\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u675c\u4e25\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u610f\u4e8e\u4e59\uff0c\u4e59\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u804c\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u5fc3\u5b58\u611f\u6fc0\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5a49\u62d2\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u9879\u804c\u4f4d\u6025\u9700\u8865\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4e19\u63a5\u4efb\u3002\uff08Liu\uff0c1967\uff1a324\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u628a\u6301\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8087\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6587\u5b98\u4eec\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u957f\u671f\u6d78\u6deb\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u719f\u6089\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6587\u5b98\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8859\u95e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5c5e\u4e0b\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u8349\u62df\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u501f\u7531\u758f\u6f0f\u3001\u5938\u5927\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u5047\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u80e5\u540f\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5b98\u5458\u60e9\u6212\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u67d0\u4e00\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u80e5\u540f\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u6863\u6848\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u529f\u8fc7\u8003\u6838\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u4e66\u4fe1\u7b49\u3002\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u9632\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u9057\u5931\u3001\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u7a9c\u6539\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5bb3\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8fd8\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u80e5\u540f\u5728\u5448\u7ed9\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5347\u8fc1\u5efa\u8bae\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u6545\u610f\u6f0f\u6389\u51e0\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u613f\u548c\u80e5\u540f\u4e3a\u654c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u4eba\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u9a6d\u4e0b\u65e0\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u5c3d\u529b\u514b\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u53bb\u63ed\u53d1\u6216\u5904\u5206\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u80e5\u540f\u548c\u50da\u5c5e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8d2a\u6c61\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8d2a\u6c61\u5982\u6b64\u666e\u904d\u800c\u4e14\u81ea\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5b83\u4fe8\u7136\u53d8\u6210\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4f8b\u5916\u201d\u3002\u6e38\u5386\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58ebGutzlaff\u57281834\u5e74\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u63a5\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5341\u5206\u5ec9\u6d01\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u60c5\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6697\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\u5374\u5728\u79c1\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\uff08Gutzlaff\uff0c1834\uff1a46\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6697\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\uff08clandentine\u3000management\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u80e5\u540f\u548c\u4e0b\u7ea7\u50da\u5c5e\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u51c6\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u4fb5\u593a\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u56fe\u8c0b\u79c1\u5229\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c41\u8282\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u52aa\u529b
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u5510\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4e3a\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u8d2a\u6c61\u548c\u884c\u653f\u8fc7\u5931\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u5927\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u60f3\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u9020\u6210\u6b64\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63a8\u52a8\u67d0\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u9664\u6216\u51cf\u4f4e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f0a\u75c5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7\u7f3a\u9677\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5916\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u9014\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5bf9\u7f6a\u8bc1\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u52a0\u91cd\u5211\u7f5a\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6269\u5927\u4fa6\u67e5\u5e76\u4e14\u68c0\u4e3e\u4f5c\u5978\u72af\u79d1\u8005\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6539\u8fdb\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5413\u963b\u6216\u907f\u514d\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u6076\u884c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ecf\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5c06\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u80e5\u540f\u52a0\u4ee5\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5904\u4ee5\u91cd\u5211\uff0c\u5904\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5f00\u6307\u8d23\u3001\u7f5a\u91d1\u3001\u9769\u804c\u3001\u97ad\u7b1e\u3001\u62f7\u6253\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5904\u7f5a\u624b\u6bb5\u5e73\u5e38\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u89e6\u72af\u89c4\u7ae0\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u67e5\u83b7\u6216\u63ed\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u88ab\u5224\u5211\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d1f\u8d23\u68c0\u4e3e\u80e5\u540f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4e71\u7eaa\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5fa1\u53f2\u53f0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u4f1a\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u7763\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5fa1\u53f2\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u8c03\u67e5\u6765\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u63a7\u8bc9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u6574\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u8c03\u9605\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8bbf\u8c08\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u7f6a\u8bc1\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u6076\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u8f6c\u5448\u7ed9\u7687\u5e1d\u672c\u4eba\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u6709\u610f\u51fa\u9762\u68c0\u4e3e\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u8bc1\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5fa1\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u6050\u5413\u6216\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u9f13\u52b1\u5b98\u5458\u4e25\u683c\u7763\u5bfc\u5e76\u7ba1\u5236\u80e5\u540f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b8b\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4fbf\u66fe\u7ecf\u520a\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\uff0c\u4f20\u6388\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5218\u5b50\u5065\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u7a81\u51fb\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u6838\u5bf9\u3001\u6863\u6848\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u8d28\u95ee\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u62a5\u8868\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f7b\u91cd\u7f13\u6025\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u65e5\u7a0b\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u6cd5\u5b9e\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5b98\u5458\u5e26\u6765\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u62c5\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u624b\u518c\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u884c\u5bbd\u5927\u3001\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u653e\u4efb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u9879\u76d1\u7763\u5e76\u7ba1\u5236\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u7531\u5b98\u5458\u8058\u7528\u719f\u8c19\u884c\u653f\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e86\u89e3\u65b9\u8a00\u6c11\u60c5\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u79d8\u4e66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79c1\u4eba\u79d8\u4e66\u5fc5\u987b\u968f\u65f6\u7763\u4fc3\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u653f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u7531\u5b9a\u671f\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u5b98\u5458\u5bf9\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79c1\u4eba\u79d8\u4e66\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdc\u666f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u96c7\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u5ba6\u9014\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u8d25\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65f6\u5e38\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u72fc\u72c8\u4e3a\u5978\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u5df2\u5341\u5206\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8150\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u6db5\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u9632\u6b62\u80e5\u540f\u5f0a\u75c5\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u8865\u6551\u529e\u6cd5\u90fd\u66f4\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u672c\u6e05\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b98\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u638c\u63e1\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u653f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ea\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u542c\u51ed\u5c5e\u4e0b\u6446\u5e03\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80e5\u540f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u4e8e\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u8155\u6765\u8c0b\u6c42\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u79c1\u5229\u800c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u628a\u6301\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u5e94\u8be5\u671d\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u5f26\u66f4\u5f20\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u62d4\u64e2\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u662f\u51fa\u4ed5\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u4e4b\u9014\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u5728\u7406\u5f53\u4fee\u4e60\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5374\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u95ed\u95e8\u94bb\u7814\u7ecf\u4e66\uff0c\u541f\u8bd7\u4f5c\u5bf9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u663e\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u767e\u5bb3\u800c\u65e0\u4e00\u5229\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5b66\u5f97\u5bf9\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\uff08Goodrich\uff0c1943\uff1a150\u2026151\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6587\u5b98\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u5148\u62c5\u4efb\u80e5\u540f\u7684\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9884\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u63d0\u9ad8\u80e5\u540f\u548c\u4e0b\u7ea7\u50da\u5c5e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u5f2d\u6216\u7f29\u77ed\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u9694\u7edd\u4e8e\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7eb3\u5165\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fe0\u8bda\u5949\u732e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u7684\u786e\u66fe\u5c06\u80e5\u540f\u7eb3\u5165\u652f\u9886\u56fd\u5bb6\u85aa\u9977\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u654c\u4fbf\u5c06\u8fd9\u9879\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u4e00\u8d77\u5e9f\u6b62\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u91cd\u5904\u7f5a\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5371\u5bb3\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f0a\u75c5\u5728\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u8584\u5f31\u548c\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u9519\u3002\u4ed6\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u6216\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u5ec9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5f85\u5546\u69b7\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ecf\u8fc7\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u5ba1\u614e\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9e20\u3001\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u3001\u5362\u68ad\u3001\u72c4\u5fb7\u7f57\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u8981\u9eef\u6de1\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5728\u80e5\u540f\u548c\u50da\u5c5e\u628a\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u6697\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b98\u5458\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u63ed\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e7\u65e5\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u9042\u5927\u4e3a\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u517c\u4e3a\u5112\u96c5\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\u672a\u66fe\u6d88\u706d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u51fa\u4ed5\u65f6\u80fd\u5426\u6210\u4e3a\u79f0\u804c\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5374\u6108\u6765\u6108\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u7504\u9009\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7559\u4efb\u548c\u5347\u8fc1\u8d44\u683c\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ecf\u7531\u8003\u7ee9\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u611f\u8c22\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u521b\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c42\u8282\u3000\u7eea\u8bba
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6587\/\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u7eea\u8bba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e86\u89e3\u534e\u4eba\u79c1\u6709\u6216\u516c\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4e4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7531\u672c\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u534e\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u666e\u4e16\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08Hwang\uff1b\u30001987\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Hwang\uff1b\u30001995\uff1b\u30002001\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u4e16\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u516d\u8282\u3002\u5728\u524d\u4e24\u8282\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u6784\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282\u4e2d\u5c06\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\u4e2d\u5c06\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u7531\u534e\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f01 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u7531\u534e\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u5b58\u4e8e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c43\u8282\u3000\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5c06\u4ed6\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u5224\u65ad\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u548c\u6211\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u65b9\u5757\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u659c\u7ebf\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u6210\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u548c\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u91cf\u5bf9\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff1b\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u6210\u5206\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5747\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u725f\u53d6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4f9d\u7167\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u6210\u5206\u201d\u7684\u591a\u5be1\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8003\u91cf\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u56de\u62a5\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u201c\u540e\u679c\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u9884\u671f\uff1a\u5c06\u6765\u4ed6\u4f1a\u548c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u5bf9\u65b9\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u6210\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u201c\u4eb2\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u548c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4e8b\u201c\u7cbe\u6253\u7ec6\u7b97\u201d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u56fe\u4e00\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u5b9e\u7ebf\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u95f4\u4ee5\u865a\u7ebf\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u9053\u4e0d\u6613\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u754c\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7a81\u7834\u8fd9\u9053\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u754c\u7ebf\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u52a0\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u5957\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u52a8\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u6216\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u53cd\u76ee\u6210\u4ec7\u201d\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4ea4\u6218\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u60c5\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e4b\u9014\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u201c\u89c6\u540c\u964c\u8def\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u6ecb\u751f\u6027\u8d28\u201d\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c44\u8282\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Hwang\uff1b\u30001995\uff1b\u30002001\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5c06\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u58eb\u4e4b\u4f26\u7406\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u58eb\u201d\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u4e2d\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u4e4b\u7279\u8272\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0\u4e0a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u4eba\u4e5f\uff1b\u4eb2\u4eb2\u4e3a\u5927\u3002\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\uff1b\u5c0a\u8d24\u4e3a\u5927\u3002\u4eb2\u4eb2\u4e4b\u6740\uff0c\u5c0a\u8d24\u4e4b\u7b49\uff0c\u793c\u4e4b\u6240\u7531\u751f\u4e5f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u201c\u4eb2\u758f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c0a\u5351\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5411\u5ea6\uff08social\u3000cognitive\u3000dimensions\uff09\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eb2\u758f\u8fdc\u8fd1\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6307\u53cc\u65b9\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5c0a\u5351\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002\u505a\u5b8c\u8bc4\u5b9a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4eb2\u5176\u6240\u5f53\u4eb2\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5c0a\u5176\u6240\u5f53\u5c0a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4e49\u201d\uff1b\u4f9d\u7167\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\u4e4b\u6740\uff0c\u5c0a\u8d24\u4e4b\u7b49\u201d\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5dee\u5e8f\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u201c\u793c\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u4e8c\u5112\u5bb6\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u4e2d\u201c\u4ec1\u2014\u4e49\u2014\u793c\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u662f\u6307\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u201c\u5206\u914d\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u5219\u662f\u6307\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff08Leventhal\uff1b\u30001976\uff1b1980\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5148\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u652f\u914d\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u9009\u62e9\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7531\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u548c\u6211\u6240\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff08Hwang\uff1b\u30001987\uff09\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u540c\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8005\u5c06\u4ed6\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6258\u8005\u7684\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8005\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u9700\u6c42\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u663e\u884c\u52a8\u4e09\u8005\u548c\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u793c\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5916\u663e\u884c\u52a8\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u4e4e\u4e8e\u201c\u793c\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e8c\uff09\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c45\u8282\u3000\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e94\u4f26
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e94\u4f26\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u201c\u5206\u914d\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u541b\u81e3\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u592b\u5987\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e94\u79cd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e94\u4f26\u201d\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e94\u4f26\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e94\u4f26\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u5f53\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7236\u5b50\u6709\u4eb2\uff0c\u541b\u81e3\u6709\u4e49\uff0c\u592b\u5987\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u957f\u5e7c\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u6709\u4fe1\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0a\u300b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u592b\u5987\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u4e09\u4f26\u65e8\u5728\u5b89\u6392\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff1b\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u541b\u81e3\u5219\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u9664\u6389\u201c\u670b\u53cb\u201d\u4e00\u4f26\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u4f26\u90fd\u8574\u6db5\u6709\u201c\u4e0a\uff0f\u4e0b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c0a\uff0f\u5351\u201d\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u5dee\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4f55\u8c13\u4eba\u4e49\uff1f\u7236\u6148\uff0c\u5b50\u5b5d\uff1b\u5144\u826f\uff0c\u5f1f\u608c\uff1b\u592b\u4e49\uff0c\u5987\u542c\uff1b\u957f\u60e0\uff0c\u5e7c\u987a\uff1b\u541b\u4ec1\uff0c\u81e3\u5fe0\uff0c\u5341\u8005\u8c13\u4e4b\u4eba\u4e49\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u793c\u8fd0\u7bc7\u300b\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5f15\u6587\u5c06\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u4f26\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5c0a\u5c0a\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f9d\u7167\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u201c\u5341\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u201c\u7236\u3001\u5144\u3001\u592b\u3001\u957f\u3001\u541b\u201d\u7b49\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5206\u522b\u4f9d\u7167\u201c\u6148\u3001\u826f\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u60e0\u3001\u4ec1\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff1b\u800c\u626e\u6f14\u201c\u5b50\u3001\u5f1f\u3001\u5987\u3001\u5e7c\u3001\u81e3\u201d\u7b49\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u7167\u201c\u5b5d\u3001\u608c\u3001\u542c\u3001\u987a\u3001\u5fe0\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53c8\u6309\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5c0a\u5351\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u4eb2\u758f\u201d\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e94\u4f26\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5112\u5bb6\u6700\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u662f\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7236\u6148\uff0f\u5b50\u5b5d\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u8ddf\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u89c2\u6709\u5341\u5206\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u51fa\u4e00\u4f4d\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u4e14\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8089\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u201c\u5b5d\u9053\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u8fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c46\u8282\u3000\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff081\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u534e\u4eba\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u7ecf\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5462\uff1f\u3000\u4ee5\u5f80\u8bb8\u591a\u7530\u91ce\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u9760\u5bb6\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u805a\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u534f\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Silin\uff1b1976\uff1bGreenhalgh\uff0c1988\uff1b\u8c22\u56fd\u96c4\uff0c1989\uff1b\u67ef\u5fd7\u660e\uff1b1993\uff1b\u9648\u4ecb\u7384\uff1b\u30001994\uff09\u3002\u90d1\u4e3a\u5143\uff082003\uff09\u56de\u987e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7167\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u662f\u5408\u4e00\u6216\u662f\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u662f\u5be1\u5360\uff0c\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5206\u6210\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5927\u591a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u7684\u4e2d\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4e0e\u8001\u677f\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u4eb2\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u5e26\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u4f5c\u89c4\u5219\u6df1\u53d7\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5374\u751a\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u804c\u5de5\u548c\u8001\u677f\u867d\u7136\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u5e26\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u88681\uff1a\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3000\uff08\u53d6\u81ea\u90d1\u4e3a\u51432003\uff1a22\uff09\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5408\u4e00\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u5a01\u6743\u5f0f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u5e26\uff09\u5206\u5f00\uff1a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u7406\u5f0f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u65e0\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u5e26\uff09\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\u7ade\u4e891\u3002\u7236\u7cfb\u3001\u65cf\u957f3\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5be1\u53602\u3002\u5bb6\u957f4\u3002\u5be1\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09a\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\uff08Patrilinealism\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u662f\u6307\u4e16\u7cfb\u548c\u7956\u4ea7\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u3002\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u5f88\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6c49\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e2d\u3001\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Orru\uff1b\u3000Biggart\uff1b\u3000Hamilton\uff1b1997\uff09\u3002\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u7cfb\u8c31\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u9648\u5176\u5357\uff0c\u90b1\u6dd1\u5982\uff0c1984\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u8c31\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7236\u4eb2\u5c06\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u4f20\u7ed9\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u76f4\u7cfb\u8840\u4eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u4e1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e2\u4e0d\u9650\u957f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9650\u8840\u4eb2\uff0c\u548c\u6c49\u4eba\u6781\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6c49\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u8bf8\u5b50\u5747\u5206\u5236\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u56fa\u7136\u8981\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u5728\u5206\u5bb6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u8109\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u8109\u4e4b\u4e3b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u5927\u591a\u4f5c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u5c11\u4f5c\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff08Hamilton\uff1b1996\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u9636\u5c42\u867d\u7136\u91cd\u89c6\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u5e26\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8bba\u76f4\u7cfb\u8840\u4eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eb2\u758f\u8fdc\u8fd1\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5dee\u5e8f\u683c\u5c40\u201d\u3002\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u81ea\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u7684\u4e2d\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u4e34\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65e0\u60c5\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9760\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u652f\u6301\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u52a0\u73ed\u548c\u52b3\u7d2f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8001\u677f\u592b\u5987\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u201c\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u50cf\u59ca\u59b9\u4e00\u6837\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u5979\u4eec\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5934\u5bb6\u5934\u5bb6\uff1a\u6b64\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4fda\u8bed\uff0c\u6307\u8001\u677f\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3002\uff0c\u800c\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u66f4\u5356\u529b\u3001\u5de5\u65f6\u66f4\u957f\u201d\uff08\u8c22\u56fd\u96c4\uff0c1989\uff1b48\uff09\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u8001\u677f\u5e38\u5e38\u201c\u5e26\u5934\u793a\u8303\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u8981\u6c42\u90e8\u5c5e\uff0c\u90e8\u5c5e\u5219\u4f1a\u201c\u4ee5\u5934\u5bb6\u8138\u8272\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f9d\u5f52\u201d\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u9760\u201c\u2018\u4eba\u62fc\u51fa\u6765\u2019\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u201d\uff08\u9648\u4ecb\u7384\uff0c1994\uff1a59\u202660\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u8001\u677f\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u5de5\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8001\u677f\u5bf9\u804c\u5de5\u8981\u6c42\u8fc7\u82db\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u6269\u5f20\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9760\u8001\u677f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u201c\u73ed\u5e95\u201d\u5e26\u5934\u505a\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u52b3\u96c7\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6253\u62fc\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u8001\u677f\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u201c\u4ee5\u2018\u5206\u6210\uff0c\u5171\u8d1f\u76c8\u4e8f\u2019\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed1\u7f1a\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u67ef\u5fd7\u660e\uff0c1993\uff1a144\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09b\u65cf\u957f\u5236\uff08Patriarchicalism\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u201d\u539f\u672c\u662f\u6307\u5bb6\u65cf\u6216\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5728\u7537\u6027\u957f\u8001\u6216\u7236\u4eb2\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u6839\u636eMax\u3000Weber\uff081978\uff1a1006\u20261069\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u652f\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65cf\u957f\u5bf9\u5176\u5bb6\u6237\uff08household\uff09\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff08authority\uff09\u201d\u3002\u548c\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u53f8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5fc3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u9075\u4ece\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4e13\u957f\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1b\u5728\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u5219\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5bf9\u65cf\u957f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u65cf\u957f\u7684\u652f\u914d\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff08Weber\uff1b1978\uff1a1006\u20267\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4f53\u5236\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8001\u677f\u3000\uff08\u4e1a\u4e3b\u6216\u5305\u5de5\u5934\uff09\u3000\u4ee5\u957f\u8005\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7167\u987e\u6709\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u4e61\u8c0a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff08Deyo\uff1b\u30001989\uff09\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u4eb2\u53cb\u6216\u7ecf\u7531\u4eb2\u53cb\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u5185\u62db\u8003\u201d\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u201c\u6709\u62c5\u4fdd\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u67ef\u5fd7\u660e\uff1b1993\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8840\u4eb2\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u5177\u6709\u5a01\u6743\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u957f\u5b98\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u5219\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u548c\u5730\u57df\u6027\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08Vogel\uff1b1989\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531\u6751\u957f\u5e26\u5934\u62fc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u5e96\u5f69\u4eb2\u5b84\u3076\u9891\u7766\ue440\u6a31\u2552ogel\uff1b1989\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531\u6751\u957f\u5e26\u5934\u62fc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u96c7\u7528\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u201c\u5916\u5730\u52b3\u5de5\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u7684\u7167\u987e\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c47\u8282\u3000\u534e\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff082\uff09
\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\uff08Paternalism\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5bb6\u4ea7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6307\u4f20\u7edf\u5f0f\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u804c\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u7f13\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u52b3\u5de5\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u652f\u914d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u5e76\u4ee5\u5355\u4e00\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u57ce\u4e2d\uff08Ackers\uff1b\u30001998\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u6709\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4f11\u95f2\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u79c1\u5bc6\u6027\u7684\u804c\u5de5\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u7ba1\u3002\u804c\u5de5\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8d56\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u6027\u8d28\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u6765\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5be1\u5360\u7684\u3002\u4e1a\u4e3b\u81ea\u8bb8\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u523090\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u516c\u8425\u4e8b\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\u7684\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5bb6\u957f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u7537\u6027\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u6216\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u516c\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5784\u65ad\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u94c1\u996d\u7897\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5927\u9505\u996d\u201d\u5bf9\u5458\u5de5\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\u6709\u4f59\uff0c\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f20\u7edf\u5bb6\u957f\u5a01\u6743\u5f88\u96be\u7ba1\u7406\u6563\u6f2b\u7684\u804c\u5de5\u3002\u5927\u9646\u5b66\u8005\u674e\u57f9\u6797\u3001\u59dc\u6653\u661f\u3001\u5f20\u5176\u4ed4\uff081992\uff09\u4ee5\u201c\u6bcd\u7231\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u65e9\u671f\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\u7684\u201c\u7236\u7231\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u88ab\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5ba0\u574f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4eab\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u7684\u504f\u7231\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u542c\u4efb\u5176\u4e8f\u635f\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u4e0a\u4ea4\u5229\u6da6\u548c\u627f\u5305\u57fa\u6570\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u201c\u6492\u5a07\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u5236\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u52b3\u96c7\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb2\u7a76\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\u95f4\u4f20\u7edf\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u800c\u8001\u677f\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u7167\u987e\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u798f\u5229\u3002\u7167\u987e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8001\u677f\u7684\u6743\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u804c\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u91cd\u89c6\u52b3\u5de5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u516c\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u91cc\u5f3a\u529b\u6276\u52a9\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ea\u6709\u8bbe\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u8ba9\u5de5\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u52a9\u529b\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u52b3\u5de5\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4f1a\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5168\u529b\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u4f7f\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u52b3\u96c7\u5730\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u5be1\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u5de5\u4f5c\u6743\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u516c\u8425\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6c11\u8425\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u65e5\u76ca\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\uff08Market\u3000despotism\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u548c\u5784\u65ad\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u52b3\u529b\u5bc6\u96c6\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e61\u6751\u6216\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u79fb\u6c11\uff08Burawoy\uff1b1985\uff09\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u548c\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u6216\u65cf\u957f\u5236\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u8ddf\u96c7\u4e3b\u95f4\u6b20\u7f3a\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fde\u5e26\uff0c\u662fDeyo\uff081989\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u65e0\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u5de5\u6216\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u201d\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\uff08HRM\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5e94\u4ed8\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3001\u6280\u672f\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u7529\u5f03\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u201c\u91cd\u89c6\u5e74\u8d44\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ec8\u8eab\u96c7\u7528\u201d\u3001\u201c\u544a\u8001\u9000\u4f11\u201d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5305\u88b1\uff0cHRM\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5458\u5de5\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u81ea\u4e3b\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\uff08MBO\uff09\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8d28\u6539\u5584\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7ee9\u6548\u85aa\u916c\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u6309\u4ef6\u8ba1\u916c\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5956\u91d1\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u51c0\u989d\u7ea2\u5229\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u6297\u62d2\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e89\u53d6\u5168\u9762\u4e00\u81f4\u8c03\u85aa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6d88\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u5458\u5de5\u642d\u52a0\u85aa\u4fbf\u8f66\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5784\u65ad\u6216\u5be1\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u5236\uff08Monopoly\u3000or\u3000Oligopoly\u3000Market\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5784\u65ad\u6216\u5be1\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u662f\u6307\u7531\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee5\u96c4\u539a\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5c45\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u798f\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff08Baren\u3000&\u3000Sweezy\uff1b\u30001966\uff1b\u3000Edwards\uff1b\u30001979\uff09\u3002\u6218\u540e\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u672c\uff08monopoly\u3000capital\uff09\u548c\u5be1\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u7528\u63d0\u9ad8\u5229\u6da6\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u5927\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u7f8e\u8de8\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u524d\u5f80\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u6210\u7acb\u5784\u65ad\uff08\u5be1\u5360\uff09\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u8fc1\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5be1\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u517c\u5e76\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u88c1\u5458\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u529b\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6297\u8861\uff0c\u5be1\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u4e5f\u8715\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u3002
\n
\n
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c48\u8282\u3000\u4e09\u73af\u6587\u5316\u7ed3\u6784
\n
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\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u90d1\u4f2f\u57d9\u3001\u6797\u5bb6\u4e94\uff081998\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u65cf\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\u548c\u52b3\u96c7\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7236\u7cfb\u5236\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8001\u677f\u76f4\u7cfb\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u804c\u5de5\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u804c\u5de5\u5219\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u5173\u7cfb\u4eb2\u758f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u52b3\u5de5\u4f9d\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5206\u5c5e\u5e02\u573a\u72ec\u65ad\u5236\u6216\u5784\u65ad\u5e02\u573a\u5236\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u897f\u6587\u5316\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002
\n
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\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c49\u8282\u3000\u7ed3\u8bba
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\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
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