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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5df2\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u4f1a\u7b54\u5e94\u4f5c\u6b64\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u81ea\u6043\u5bf9\u79d1\u76ee\u7565\u4e3a\u719f\u8c19\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u6dfb\u6cb9\u52a0\u918b\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u5f04\u51fa\u4e00\u76d8\u4e0d\u574f\u7684\u83b1\u51fa\u6765\u5427\uff01\u4f46\u5728\u8457\u624b\u5907\u8bfe\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53d1\u89c9\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e3e\u6b65\u4e3a\u8270\u3002\u539f\u6765\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u8bf4\u5f97\u6d45\u767d\u7b80\u7ea6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u7528\u6d45\u767d\u7b80\u7ea6\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\u4e00\u904d\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u526a\u88c1\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53bb\u6389\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4fdd\u7559\u751a\u4e48\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u5b9e\u5b58\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u6052\u5e38\u5904\u65bc\u6016\u50f3\u548c\u7126\u8651\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u4e0a\u8bfe\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\uff07\u7763\u5b66\uff07\u4e0d\u65ad\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u597d\u3001\u90a3\u5904\u5f85\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6559\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u975e\u5e38\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e24\u7b49\u8bfe\u5f8c\u8ddf\u6768\u535a\u58eb\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e7e\u8106\u628a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u505c\u6389\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u8bc1\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4eba\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4ea6\u9898\u4ea6\u53cb\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u529d\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u786c\u8457\u5934\u76ae\u8d2f\u5f7b\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5c06\u8bb2\u6388\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\u6210\u6587\u5b57\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5669\u68a6\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6309\u7167\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6709\u540c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0e\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\u4e66\u5f55\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u4e4b\u6da6\u9970\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ed8\u6893\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d39\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u592b\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u524d\u6240\u4e91\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8bb2\u4e24\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u6388\u8bfe\u9650\u5ea6\u5185\uff0c\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bf4\u751a\u9ebd\u3001\u4e0d\u8bf4\u751a\u4e48\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u542b\u6df7\u8fc7\u53bb\u5374\u4e0d\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u542c\u8bfe\u8001\u7684\u8033\u76ee\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u6e05\u660e\uff1b\u4f46\u8981\u5199\u6210\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4fbf\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u6f0f\u6d1e\u767e\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u59cb\u672b\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u4ea4\u4ee3\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4fbf\u832b\u65e0\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u7136\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u540c\u5de5\u4e3a\u627e\u6574\u7406\u7684\u8bb2\u6388\u7b14\u8bb0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u5df2\u51b3\u5b9a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5f97\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u6f14\u7ece\u3002\u5bf9\u6587\u5b57\u819c\u62dc\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f3a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u4e25\u8083\u8ba4\u771f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6bcf\u8bb2\u90fd\u7528\u4e0a\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5929\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d69\u52ab\u5e76\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u30021997\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u8c03\u52a8\uff0c\u642c\u8fc1\u4e86\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u5728\u62c6\u88c5\u7535\u8111\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u7684\u7adf\u7136\u635f\u574f\u4e86\u786c\u8776\u7684\u67d0\u5904\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f00\u8bfb\uff0c\u5341\u4f59\u4e07\u5b57\u6bc1\u8bf8\u4e00\u65e6\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4e00\u5411\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u62f7\u8d1d\u526f\u672c\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4e4e\u9664\u4e86\u5df2\u4ea4\u7a3f\u7684\u56db\u7ae0\u5916\uff0c\u9980\u4e0b\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5934\u505a\u8fc7\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6ecb\u5473\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u63d0\u4e86\uff1b\u603b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7ba1\uff07\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\uff07\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u5982\u4f55\u50ac\u4fc3\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u63d0\u4e0d\u8d77\u52b2\u91cd\u505a\u4e00\u904d\uff1b\uff07\u5b88\u4e27\uff07\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u5fc3\u60c5\uff0c\u6267\u7b14\u64b0\u5199\u540c\u6837\u662f\u803d\u6401\u751a\u4e45\u7684\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u53ca\u51e0\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5e74\u56db\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5173\u65bc\u519c\u6751\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u4ece\u5934\u6536\u62fe\u65e7\u5c71\u6cb3\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u672c\u5145\u6ee1\u6069\u6028\u60c5\u4ec7\u7684\u5c0f\u4f5c\u8d76\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u56db\u7ae0\u7684\u8be6\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5c48\u6307\u4e00\u8d2f\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4f34\u968f\u6211\u4e24\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u591c\u665a\u505a\u5669\u68a6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f73\u7d20\u6750\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u597d\u4e8b\u591a\u78e8\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u76fc\u671b\u8fd9\u672c\u591a\u78e8\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u80fd\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u5b66\u754c\u591a\u4f5c\u597d\u4e8b\u5427\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u65e0\u5c3d\u611f\u8c22<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f97\u5728\u6b64\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u8c22\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\u6768\u7267\u8c37\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u9519\u7231\u4e0e\u9f13\u52b1\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u6211\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u4e66\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae011\u8282\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff1a\u300c\u51e1\u7ba1\u6559\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u53cd\u89c9\u5f97\u6101\u82e6\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u5374\u4e3a\u90a3\u7ecf\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u7ed3\u51fa\u5e73\u5b89\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e49\uff07\u3002\u80e1\u7389\u85e9\u3001\u4f0d\u7f8e\u8bd7\u7b49\u540c\u5de5\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6cf0\u534a\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3a\u6211\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff1b\uff07\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\uff07\u674e\u7389\u971e\u59ca\u59b9\u591a\u756a\u7ed9\u6211\uff07\u6700\u5f8c\uff07\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u65e2\u60ed\u6127\u53c8\u611f\u6fc0\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u6c5f\u57f9\u8587\u5c0f\u59d0\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u534f\u52a9\u6211\u5904\u7406\u5404\u6837\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e4b\u9980\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u6211\u6321\u4f4f\u8bb8\u591a\uff07\u8ba8\u503a\uff07\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u8f83\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u9762\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u543e\u59bb\u67f3\u840d\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u51cf\u514d\u6211\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u538b\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5730\u5206\u62c5\u6211\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8c28\u81f4\u4e07\u5206\u6b49\u610f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u7684\u7977\u613f\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6211\u5728\u9000\u4f11\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u64b0\u8ff0\u4e00\u90e8\u4ee5\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u53f2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6881\u5bb6\u9e9f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001998\u5e746\u67086\u65e5<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7eb2\u8981<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5960\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u81ea\uff1a\u4f55\u8c13\u5341\u4eba\u5341\u4e8b\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u751f\u5e73\u7b80\u4ecb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u4fe1\u4e3b\u524d\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u4fe1\u4e3b\u5f8c\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Ill\uff0e\u4ece\u4fdd\u7f57\u770b\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5174\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u9996\u5148\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5bc4\u5bd3\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u62c9\u6bd4\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u5bb9\u5fcd\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u5e1d\u738b\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u5176\u5730\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e66\u5199\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u6ce8\u91cd\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6ce8\u91cd\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5de1\u56de\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u672b\u4e16\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u5404\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5404\u5730\u4f1a\u5802\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u5148\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u957f\u8001\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5730\u533a\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5e73\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u76f8\u4e92\u96b6\u5c5e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000V\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u771f\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u8c01\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u91ca\u7ecf\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u5982\u4f55\u627f\u8f7d\u798f\u97f3\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u65b0\u7ea6\u6b63\u5178\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VI\uff0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bfe\u3000\u3000\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u751f\u5e73\u6982\u8981<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u51fa\u8eab\u80cc\u666f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u7688\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u81f3\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u7981\u6b62\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u5d07\u62dc\u7687\u5e1d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u6001\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u6b89\u9053\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u9ad8\u4e3e\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u9119\u89c6\u53db\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5c0a\u5d07\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5fb7\u4fee\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5927\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u53cd\u54cd\uff1a\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5192\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u53cd\u54cd\uff1a\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u7ee7\u4f4d\u53ca\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\uff0e\u653f\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4ece\uff07\u5c0f\u6559\u6d3e\uff07\u3000\u53d8\u6210\uff07\u6559\u4f1a\uff07\u3000\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5b97\u6559\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bfe\u3000\u5965\u4e3b\u65af\u4e01\u4e0e\u6b63\u7edf\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u81ea\uff1a\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5b97\u6559<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u7b80\u4ecb\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\u3002\u3000\u62c9\u4e01\u795e\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6559\u7236\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9648\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u8d5e\u65c1\u4e0e\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u7236\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4e09\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u4fee\u9053\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u7267\u517b\u751f\u6daf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4fee\u9053\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5145\u4efb\u5e0c\u5761\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u300a\u5fcf\u6094\u5f55\u300b\u7684\u5199\u6210\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000V\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u6709\u5173\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u7edf\u7eea\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u7b54\u8fa9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u7231\u800c\u975e\u5723\u6d01\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5723\u6d01\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u548c\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u5706\u4f53\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u56e2\u5951\uff0d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5bf9\u5723\u793c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5305\u5bb9\u89c2\u70b9\u6291\u6216\u6392\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u51fa\u65bc\u884c\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u6291\u6216\u51fa\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VI\uff0e\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6743\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u4eba\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000F\u3002\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000G\uff0e\u6210\u5723\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000H\uff0e\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000J\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000K\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000L\uff0e\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000M\uff0e\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e03\u8bfe\u3000\u536b\u65af\u91cc\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ecd\u987b\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u5341\u516d\u81f3\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u7f18\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5371\u673a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56f0\u5c40\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6fc0\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5174\u8d772\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f8c\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u8fed\u8d77\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u65e0\u529b\u56de\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5fb7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5bb6\u4e16\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u521d\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u521b\u529e\u5723\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff1a\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7f18\u8d77<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3000\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e0e\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3e\u9685\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000C\u3002\u9f13\u5439\u60c5\u8bcd\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u5ba3\u8bb2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\u3002\u4ee5\u8bb2\u5458\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u9645\u800c\u5c11\u795e\u5b66\u4e89\u62d7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000F\u3002\u5e26\u52a8\u5404\u79cd\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000G\u3002\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000G\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u516b\u8bfe\u3000\u674e\u6587\u65af\u6566\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd8\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u89c9\u9192\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6765\u4e34\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u82f1\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u7ee7\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5176\u5730\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u53ca\u6269\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5174\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u65b0\u5174\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u8d77\u6b65\u8fdf\u7f13\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4f20\u6559\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u7236\uff1a\u5a01\u5ec9\u514b\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000l\uff0e\u751f\u5e73\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5fc3\u5fd7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u674e\u6587\u65af\u6566\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u975e\u6d32\u5ba3\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u5386\u9669\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5ba3\u6559\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6269\u5f20\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5ba3\u8c08\u7684\u53ec\u547d\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7b56\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5ba3\u88c1\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8fd8\u662f\u60c5\u62a5\u641c\u96c6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u8fd8\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8bfe\u3000\u7a46\u5fb7\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5408\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96be\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u7236\uff1a\u7a46\u5fb7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4e00\u5207\u7531\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5728\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u6295\u8eab\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u62d3\u5c55\u5b66\u751f\u5fd7\u613f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u4ece\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u5230\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4e16\u754c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u63a8\u5e7f\u8054\u76df\u4f1a\u5f02\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u4fc3\u6210\u56fd\u9645\u5ba3\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5bf9\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\u3002\u3000\u5341\u4e5d\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u53e4\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u9752\u5e74\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4fc3\u6210\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5ba3\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6559\u5236\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6210\u4e0e\u8d25\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u5341\u8bfe\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u3000\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6c42\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u751f\u5e73\u7b80\u4ecb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5bb6\u4e16\u4e0e\u6c42\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u8bf8\u7075\u5802\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5b66\u751f\u798f\u97f3\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u5408\u4e00\u4e0e\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000F\uff0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u798f\u97f3\u5e03\u9053\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000G\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6000\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u7f18\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u4e8e\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\u3002\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6218\u540e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u9022\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u7a81\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u8054\u5408\u6027\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u4e8b\u5de5\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u4e66\u76ee\u4e3e\u9685<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5960\u7acb<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u76ee\u4e00\uff1a\u4f55\u8c13\u5341\u4eba\u5341\u4e8b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u524d\u6d6a\u5e26\u52a8\u5f8c\u6d6a\uff0c\u5f8c\u6d6a\u63a8\u62e5\u524d\u6d6a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u7d27\u6263\u3001\u4e92\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u5b64\u7acb\u65bc\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u5185\uff1b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u80fd\u72ec\u81ea\u505a\u5176\uff07\u521b\u4e16\u82f1\u96c4\uff07\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u9996\u5148\u627f\u7ee7\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53c8\u4f9d\u5faa\u8457\u6709\u5f62\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u6709\u6240\u8a00\u8bf4\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u65bc\u6b64\u662f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u662f\uff07\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u7565\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5341\u4eba\u5341\u4e8b\uff07\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5341\u4e2a\u7279\u7acb\u72ec\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u5341\u4ef6\u5b64\u7acb\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8981\u7814\u8bfb\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u8f83\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\uff08\u5b83\uff09\u4eec\u89c1\u8bc1\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6807\u5fd7\u8457\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5341\u4e2a\u6709\u8840\u6709\u8089\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e3a\u8fdb\u8def\uff1b\u7ee7\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u5341\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u55bb\u5927\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u6559\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8109\u7edc\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u65e2\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5341\u4eba\u5341\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ea6\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6982\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6216\u6559\u5e08\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9887\u6709\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u8981\u5728\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8be6\u7565\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f5c\u51fa\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u65e2\u52fe\u52d2\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u53c8\u6e05\u695a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2a\u522b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6211\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5c3d\u529b\u6499\u8282\u517c\u987e\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fc7\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6240\u7531\u5bc4\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u6562\u65bc\u8fd9\u6837\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd8\u5f97\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u867d\u7136\u4ee5\uff07\u5341\u4eba\u5341\u4e8b\uff07\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u5730\uff07\u4eba\uff07\u6bd4\uff07\u4e8b\uff07\u6765\u5f97\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6869\u4e8b\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u53ca\uff1a\u5c31\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u6bd5\u751f\u53ef\u8d44\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4fbf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4ef6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcb\u987b\u592a\u8fc7\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\uff07\u5341\u4e8b\uff07\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u54ea\u5341\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u8bb2\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u8981\u7d27\u7684\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5949\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5f8c\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5c06\u7126\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\uff07\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u8c13\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5b9e\u81f3\u540d\u5f52\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u7531\u6b64\u63a8\u884d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u624d\u5411\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fbf\u5168\u90fd\u4e13\u6ce8\u65bc\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5411\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4f20\u9053\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8087\u59cb\u65bc\u4fdd\u7f57\uff1b\u65e9\u65bc\u4ed6\u51fa\u6765\u4f20\u9053\u4ee5\u5148\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u5df2\u5411\u54e5\u5c3c\u6d41\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4e86\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u5728\u7ea6\u5e15\u5f97\u89c1\u5f02\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8981\u4ed6\u5403\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u770b\u4e3a\u6c61\u79fd\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u8ba9\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u798f\u97f3\u8981\u4f20\u4e88\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u53ea\u662f\u8f83\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u5f92\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e13\u6ce8\u65bc\u5916\u90a6\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u6709\u4e09\u6b21\u5411\u5916\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8c13\u7684\uff07\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff07\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u8fdc\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6bcd\u4f1a\u6216\u5dee\u4f1a\u5dee\u9063\u53ca\u652f\u6301\uff08\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4f1a\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4ee5\uff07\u5e26\u804c\uff07\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\u5730\u8fb9\u8425\u751f\u3001\u8fb9\u505a\u4f20\u9053\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4ed6\u6bcb\u987b\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u6559\u4f1a\u6216\u673a\u6784\u8ff0\u804c\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6709\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5230\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e0e\u95e8\u5f92\u76f8\u805a\u53ca\u68c0\u8ba8\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5de1\u56de\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u56db\u6d77\u4e3a\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505c\u5f80\u8fd4\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u4f20\u626c\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u53c8\u534f\u52a9\u7267\u517b\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u5bc6\u5468\u8be6\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u6216\u4e8b\u5949\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53bb\u7559\u4e00\u5207\u968f\u7f18\uff0c\u9047\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6216\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u591a\u7559\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5373\u8f6c\u5230\u522b\u5904\u53bb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\uff07\u884c\u7a0b\uff07\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4fdd\u7f57\u6ca1\u6709\u957f\u5c45\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u85c9\u6b64\u5206\u522b\uff07\u5185\uff07\u548c\uff07\u5916\uff07\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\uff07\u5411\u5916\uff07\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u4ea6\u5f88\u96be\u754c\u5b9a\u600e\u6837\u624d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ed6\u66fe\u4f5c\u8fc7\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5c3d\u53ca\u4fdd\u7f57\u6bd5\u751f\u6240\u6709\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6545\u5355\u51ed\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u800c\u7b97\u51fa\u4ed6\u66fe\u6709\u4e09\u6b21\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1b\u4fdd\u7f57\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u5ba3\u6559\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u4ece\u6653\u5f97\u3002\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u66fe\u5230\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u3001\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u534a\u5c9b\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5f8c\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u906d\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u8f97\u8f6c\u843d\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b98\u5e9c\u624b\u4e2d\uff1b\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u7f57\u9a6c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u6545\u88ab\u62bc\u89e3\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6f\u7981\u5728\u5bb6\uff0c\u7b49\u5019\u6392\u671f\u53d7\u5ba1\u3002\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\uff07\u76d1\u7981\uff07\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u9887\u53d7\u4f18\u9047\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5199\u4fe1\u3001\u4f1a\u5ba2\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u94c1\u7a97\u751f\u6daf\u822c\u51c4\u82e6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ea6\u5728\u4e3b\u5f8c65\u5e74\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u5c3c\u7984\uff08Nero\uff0c37\uff0d68\uff09\u8feb\u5bb3\u6559\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u6b89\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u4ece\u4fdd\u7f57\u770b\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4e66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4fc3\u6210\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1b\u3000\u4e8c\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u6559<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u9996\u5148\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7efc\u5408\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4fdd\u7f57\u65e9\u671f\u662f\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u624d\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u6216\u662f\u4ed6\u5076\u7136\u83b7\u5f97\u5411\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u754c\u4e0e\u8d1f\u62c5\uff1b\u6216\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5411\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u679c\u6548\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u79fb\u5411\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u5341\u7ae011\u8282\u53ca\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u6307\u51fa\u7531\u65bc\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6297\u62d2\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u601d\u5178\u79fb\u7ed9\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\uff1a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u65e2\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u6069\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e8b\u5949\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5199\u7167\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u5bc4\u5bd3\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u65b0\u5b97\u6559<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7528\u65e7\u7684\u76ae\u888b\u76db\u8f7d\u65b0\u9152\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8fde\u540c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u5f92\u90fd\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u63a5\u7eed\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\uff07\u672c\u6811\uff07\uff0c\u800c\u975e\uff07\u63a5\u679d\uff07\u6216\uff07\u53e6\u53d1\u65b0\u82bd\uff07\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5f8c\u88d4\uff08\u53c2\u7f57\u56db\u53ca\u52a0\u4e09\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u5ae1\u4f20\u6b63\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65e9\u671f\u5bc4\u5bd3\u65bc\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5949\u884c\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u5b97\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4fe1\u5949\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u4e2a\u522b\u6210\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5bb9\u8ba9\u53d7\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u4fdd\u7559\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u5f3a\u8feb\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u4fe1\u5949\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u4e00\u7edf\u6c5f\u6e56\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5949\u795e\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7bc7\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5408\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5bb9\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u88ab\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u82e5\u975e\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u8bef\u4f1a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u521d\u751f\u5a74\u5b69\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u9762\u5bf9\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u7684\u5384\u8fd0\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bc4\u5bd3\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1b\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59fb\u4eb2\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5f62\u540c\u5b9e\u5f02\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u5219\u53e6\u4f5c\u522b\u8bba\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5341\u5206\u660e\u663e\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f53\u5c40\u3002\u53f8\u63d0\u53cd\u6b63\u662f\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6240\u6740\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u641c\u6355\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u796d\u53f8\u53ca\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u96be\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7adf\u7136\u8ba4\u4fe1\u90a3\u88ab         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u515c\u5e55\ue2a7\u9175\u5065\uff32\u5f69\u8c34\u8839\u6d6a\u70af\u80ae\ue078\u5cac\u7267\u7168\u6dbf\u6070\uff33\u70eb\ue07a\u6f6d\u66f0\ue2a7\u6d47\u8c2d\u6d45\uff17\u9524\u6821\ue0e6\ue370\u4eb2\u9485\u5440\u90ae\u827f\u6c16\u7275\ue0d6\ue2a7\u9175\u9a84\u8c37\u8757\u95f2\u62cd\u6f5c\u6b22\u306a\ue193\u827f\u6dd6\u9513\u809d\ue022\u79e9\ue3dc\u6070\uff16\u8fd0\ue370\u5d4c\ue264\u88d5\ue0d6\ue2a7\u53eb\u53db\u936a\u6b20\u8258\u4e43\ue2bc\u8ff9\ue0e4\u8e14\u6f66\u7434\u7fe1\u788c\u6479?br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u66fe\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u8ba9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5148\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u504f\u7231\u8fd1\u4e1c\u4eba\u58eb\u5462\uff1f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f46\u6309\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u8bd7\u610f\u6709\u9980\u3001\u4e25\u8c28\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9996\u5148\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6559\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6781\u5176\u70bd\u70c8\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u4e9f\u4e9f\u8981\u8fa8\u522b\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u6765\u4e5f\u611f\u5230\u548b\u820c\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08PositiveReligion\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u590d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5f0f\u6216\u793c\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff08Mysticalor\u3000Ritual\u3000Religion\uff09\uff1b\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5f62\u5851\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u3002\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Platonism\uff09\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u8fd8\u8981\u5927\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6df1\u53d7\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u85b0\u9676\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u64b0\u8ff0\u7684\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e9a\u5170\u6587\u6216\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5355\u5728\u4fdd\u7f57\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u5df2\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7f57\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e0a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2a\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u65e0\u7591\u8def\u52a0\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u5ba0\u7231\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u591a\u7bc7\u5e45\u6765\u62a5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u52a8\u5411\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u7a0d\u4e3a\u4e00\u63d0\u5f7c\u5f97\u548c\u96c5\u5404\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u8fde\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u5462\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u6b64\u8bef\u4f1a\u53ea\u6709\u4fdd\u7f57\u624d\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u800c\u975e\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b9e\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4fdd\u7f57\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u66fe\u8e0f\u8db3\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\uff08Coptic\u3000Church\uff09\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8d44\u6599\u4e0d\u5168\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ffd\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u62b5\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e43\u81f3\u65e0\u540d\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5427\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u5e45\u5458\u4e4b\u5e7f\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u884c\u7a0b\uff08\u6709\u4f20\u95fb\u8bf4\u9a6c\u53ef\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7f57\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u6765\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7f57\u9a6c\u53ca\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u6559\u4f1a\u7b49\u5747\u975e\u7531\u4fdd\u7f57\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65e0\u540d\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e7f\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u56e0\u7ba1\u7406\u996d\u98df\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u6311\u9009\u4e86\u4e03\u4f4d\u6267\u4e8b\u6765\u4e13\u8d23\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u4f46\u8eab\u4e3a\u6267\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u53f8\u63d0\u53cd\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u7ba1\u7406\u996d\u98df\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u56e0\u4f20\u626c\u798f\u97f3\u624d\u62db\u6765\u6740\u8eab\u4e4b\u7978\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65e0\u8bba\u8eab\u4e4c\u4f7f\u5f92\u6216\u6267\u4e8b\u7684\uff0c\u5747\u540c\u5fc3\u5408\u610f\u5730\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba3\u8bb2\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6ce8\u91cd\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5de1\u56de\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\ue07c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6563\u5c45\u5404\u5730\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f1a\u6309\u65f6\u5230\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5b88\u8282\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8036\u57ce\u542c\u4fe1\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u5e26\u8fd4\u539f\u6765\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e3b\u529b\u4ece\u4e8b\u5411\u5916\u7684\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de1\u56de\u5e03\u9053\u8005\ue07c\uff08Itinerant\u3000Evangelists\uff09\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u8457\u56db\u5904\u5e03\u9053\u5ba3\u8bb2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u65ec\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u906d\u53d7\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u903c\u8feb\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u88ab\u56db\u5904\u9a71\u6563\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u53bb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ea6\u968f\u8457\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\uff0c\u6d41\u4f20\u5230\u5404\u5904\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5de1\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u4e3a\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u8fa8\u90a3\u4e9b\u662f\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u5de1\u56de\u5e03\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u662f\u62db\u6447\u649e\u9a97\u3001\u6ee5\u7afd\u5145\u6570\u4e4b\u5f92\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5178\u7c4d\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u9057\u8bad\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u770b\u5230\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u4eca\u6559\u4f1a\u822c\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u867d\u7136         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u4e43\u4eba\u53e3\u805a\u96c6\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4ea6\u7bc7\u5546\u8d29\u5f80\u6765\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u9014\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u666e\u904d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff1a\u4e00\u6765\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u516c\u7136\u5730\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1b\u4e8c\u6765\u52a0\u4e0a\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u6545\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7b51\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u6559\u5802\u3002\u4fe1\u5f92\u4ec5\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u4e3e\u884c\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u805a\u4f1a\u573a\u6240\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u80fd\u6324\u4e0a\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u4fbf\u5f88\u4e0d\u9519\u4e86\uff08\u90a3\u65f6\u4e3e\u884c\u805a\u4f1a\u5c1a\u8981\u517c\u987e\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u7684\u81b3\u98df\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\u70b9\u6240\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4fbf\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u805a\u4f1a\u70b9\uff1b\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u7edf\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5374\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u540c\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u5c71\u5934\u6d3e\u522b\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6052\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u57ce\u7684\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u4fdd\u7f57\u548c\u5144\u5f1f\u63d0\u6469\u592a\uff0c\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e9a\u8be5\u4e9a\u904d\u5904\u7684\u4f17\u5723\u5f92\u3002\uff08\u6797\u5f8c\u4e001\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u957f\u8001\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff1b\u4f46\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u5374\u9010\u6e10\u8fc7\u6e21\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u80fd\u8be6\u8bba\u3002\u6309\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u7236\u6e38\u65af\u4e01\uff08Justin\uff0c165\u6b89\u9053\uff09\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8bfb\u7ecf\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u3001\u7948\u7977\u3001\u5723\u9910\u3001\u5949\u732e\u7b49\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u5531\u8bd7\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u65bc\u5723\u793c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6c34\u793c\u4e0e\u5723\u9910\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u8f83\u5f8c\u7684\u6709\u6094\u7f6a\u793c\u4e0e\u544a\u89e3\u793c\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5173\u65bc\u6c34\u793c\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bba\u4e89\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8be5\u7528\u6d78\u793c\u8fd8\u662f\u6d12\u6c34\u793c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u8bc4\u9274\u4e4b\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5398\u6e05\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6761\u4ef6\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5728\u6cb3\u8fb9\u63a5\u53d7\u6c34\u793c\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eec\u504f\u597d\u6d78\u793c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u987b\u53e6\u5916\u627e\u6c34\u6765\u65bd\u884c\u5723\u793c\u5462\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5730\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u751a\u5c11\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u90bb\u8fd1\u627e\u5230\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4ece\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u56db\u7ae0\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u53d9\u52a0\u57ce\u5916\u7684\u96c5\u5404\u4e95\u65c1\u4e0e\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5987\u4eba\u8c08\u9053\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\uff0c\u5987\u4eba\u8bef\u4f1a\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u8c13\u7684\uff07\u6d3b\u6c34\uff07\u662f\u6307\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u4fbf\u8bf4\u5f53\u5730\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u6c34\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5b97\u96c5\u5404\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u5343\u8f9b\u4e07\u82e6\u5730\u6316\u53e3\u4e95\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4e66\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5730\u533a\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u542c\u5230\uff07\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\uff07\u53ca\uff07\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\uff07\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u53ca\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5357\u5cb8\u7684\u5317\u975e\uff1b\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u5219\u6307\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u4ee5\u4e1c\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u534a\u5c9b\u53ca\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4e1c\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u57c3\u53ca\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u65b9\u5747\u5c5e\u86ee\u5937\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u843d\u5f8c\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u5374\u9887\u4e3a\u843d\u4f0d\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u7531\u534a\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u86ee\u65cf\u6240\u76d8\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u3001\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u7b49\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5730\u533a\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u800c\u975e\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u591a\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u62d3\u5c55\u5b83\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u573a\u3002\u4e1c\u65b9\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53e4\u8001\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d41\u64ad\uff1b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u9010\u6e10\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u592a\u3001\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u6559\u4f1a\u7b49\u3002\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5168\u56fd\u7688\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u8f83\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\uff08\u53c2\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bfe\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u63a5\u7eb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\u8fd8\u8981\u65e9\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u64ad\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5982\u4eca\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u5d1b\u5174\u4e0e\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u7eb7\u7eb7\u843d\u5165\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4ecd\u7136\u5bb9\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ea6\u65ad\u7edd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5e73\u60c5\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u662f\u9887\u4e3a\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6bd4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bf9\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6559\u56e2\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u60f3\u5230\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u53ca\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u7ea6\u65e6\u3001\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f0a\u6717\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6d41\u4f20\u7edf\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9057\u4e16\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5df2\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u8457\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e1c\u65b9\u53c8\u5c5e\u4f20\u7edf\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff1a\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c31\u8457\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u4e60\u4fd7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ec6\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u53ea\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u591a\u5143\u5316\u662f\u81ea\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4fbf\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u4e0e\u5927\u516c\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u591a\u5143\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u8457\u5e76\u575a\u5b88\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5374\u987b\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u80f8\u895f\uff0c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5e26\u9886\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u9057\u4ea7\u539f\u6765\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u4e8b\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u6700\u591a\u4f7f\u5f92\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u521d\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u9886\u5bfc\u5404\u5730\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u4f46\u5e76\u65e0\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5404\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6216\u6743\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u96b6\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u800c\u975e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5404\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u987a\u670d\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u5c3d\u7686\u79bb\u4e16\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8d85\u7136\u5730\u4f4d\u4fbf\u544a\u5931\u53bb\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u6492\u51b7\u57ce\u88ab\u6bc1\u3001\u4fe1\u5f92\u88ab\u8d76\u6563\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4ea6\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u5404\u5730\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4e14\u5e73\u884c\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u771f\u7406\u4e0a\u5fc5\u987b\u56fa\u5b88\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5408\u4e00\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u793c\u4eea\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5374\u7528\u4e0d\u8457\u4e8b\u4e8b\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u5728\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u89c4\u8303\u8457\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4eba\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6309\u8457\u4fe1\u4f17\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5e73\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u76f8\u4e92\u96b6\u5c5e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7531\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6559\u4f1a\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u96b6\u5c5e\u3002\u65b9\u662f\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e43\u5904\u65bc\u534a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u6559\u4f1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u5177\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u800c\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u53ca\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u663e\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529b\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5468\u6d4e\u5462\uff08\u4fdd\u7f57\u66fe\u4e3a\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6559\u4f1a\u52df\u6350\u8d48\u707e\uff09\uff01\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u4f17\u5927\u591a\u4e3a\u5987\u5973\u53ca\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u5bcc\u88d5\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e5f\u6bcb\u987b\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u4e0d\u9760\u798f\u97f3\u517b\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u5730\u7406\u963b\u9694\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u6309\u8457\u5176\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u795e\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u9042\u56e0\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u7167\u4ee5\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u5173\u65bc\u5272\u793c\u7684\u9075\u884c\u4e0e\u5426\u3001\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u7684\u8282\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u95f4\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6253\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u9762\u5bf9\u8457\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u5272\u65ad\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u7279\u522b\u5728\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4fe1\u4e3b\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5148\u505a\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u518d\u505a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u62a4\u536b\u5916\u90a6\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7aed\u529b\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e0e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5916\u90a6\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u9700\u8981\u606a\u5b88\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5df2\u6210\u5168\u6216\u5e9f\u5f03\u4e86\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u5404\u81ea\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6545\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u6bcb\u987b\u8981\u4ee5\u5148\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f97\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u6b64\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5df2\u5927\u81f4\u6210\u4e86\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u7c4d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u5373\u6216\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ea6\u518d\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u8272\u5f69\u6d17\u5237\u6389\uff0c\u597d\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6839\u6e90\u81ea\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e3a\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6709\u5173\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\uff07\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u5316\uff07\u3000\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u85c9\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u5bf9\u65e7\u7ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u627f\u8f7d\u8036\u7a23         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n           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\/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u300c\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u6b64\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000V\uff0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u5173\u771f\u7406\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u771f\u7406<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u91cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ea\u6b64\u4e00\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u5206\u5e97\uff0c\u666e\u4e16\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u4fe1\u4ec1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u6309\u8457\u4e00\u5df1\u610f\u601d\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4ec5\u5c5e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\uff1b\u5f02\u7aef\uff08heresy\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u6839\u672c\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6307\uff07\u9519\u8c2c\uff07\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff07\u53e6\u7c7b\u58f0\u97f3\uff07\u3000\uff08to\u3000makedifferent\uff09\uff1b\u6545\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u6807\u5947\u7acb\u5f02\uff0c\u522b\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6240\u8a00\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u662f\u9519\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5f02\u7aef\u65e0\u7591\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u66fe\u65ad\u7136\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\uff0c\u90a3\u4eba\u5c31\u8be5\u53d7\u5492\u8bc5\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5e76\u975e\u4ee5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u771f\u5047\u5bf9\u9519\u7684\u5b9a\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6709\u6743\u88c1\u5b9a\u542f\u793a\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e43\u662f\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u771f\u5047\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7531\u5185\u5bb9\u5224\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u65bc\u662f\u8c01\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u7531\u4f7f\u5f92\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u518d\u6559\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4f7f\u5f92\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53c8\u4e0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u7528\u67e5\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ad\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u4e86\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u662f\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u4f1a\u65e2\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u4f46\u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5374\u672a\u6709\u4eb2\u7b14\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u58a8\uff0c\u4f9b\u5f8c\u4eba\u606d\u8bfb\u8c28\u9075\uff1b\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4f7f\u5f92\u5728\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8ffd\u5fc6\u5199\u6210\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4f20\u626c\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u4eb2\u81ea\u5efa\u7acb\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u59cb\u65bc\u4e94\u65ec\u8282\u5723\u7075\u964d\u4e34\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u5df2\u590d\u6d3b\u5347\u5929\u4e86\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5723\u7075\u7684\u9ed8\u793a\u4e0b\u5199\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u9012\u5f00\u53bb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u5c5e\u4e16\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u771f\u5047\u5bf9\u9519\u4e4b\u552f\u4e00\u5224\u522b\u6807\u51c6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4fe1\u7ecf\uff08Creed\u3000of\u3000Nicea\uff09\u6e05\u695a\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u56db\u91cd\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\uff08One\uff09\u3001\u81f3\u5723\uff08Holy\uff09\u3001\u5927\u516c\uff08Catholic\uff09\uff08\u5373\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u5176\u666e\u4e16\u6027\uff09\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\uff08ApostoliC\uff09\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff08authority\uff09\u53ca\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff08legitimacy\uff09\u6240\u7531\u5bc4\u5904\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u786e\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0e\u4e3b\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u8046\u542c\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3b\u7684\u5dee\u9063\uff0c\u83b7\u6388\u6743\u4f20\u626c\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9274\u522b\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u8bdd\u7684\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u771f\u7406\u800c\u5ba1\u65ad\u771f\u7406\u3002\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6b63\u5178\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u4f7f\u5f92\u6027\uff08Apostolicity\uff09\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u8981\u5224\u522b\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e66\u5377\u5c5e\u65bc\u6b63\u5178\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u8457\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7565\u4e0e\u5728\u6559\u5bfc\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u5f92\u6765\u4f5c\u5b9a\u51c6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8584\u8584\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u8153\u5229\u95e8\u4e66\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f4d\u5217\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u6b63\u5178\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6559\u7236\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5374\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u624e\u5b9e\u5462\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u8c01\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u5f92\u65e2\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u53ca\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u8c01\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\uff1f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u540d\u4e3a\u9769\u5229\u514d\uff08Clement\u3000of\u3000Rome\uff0c\u7ea688\uff0d97\u5f53\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5199\u4fe1\u4e88\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4f17\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u5dee\u9063\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u7763\u800c\u6765\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f92\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u800c\u5f97\u5145\u5206\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u66f4\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u800c\u5f97\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5723\u7075\uff0c\u51fa\u53bb\u4f20\u8bf8\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u8bf4\u5929\u56fd\u5feb\u6765\u5230\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u904d\u5404\u57ce\u5404\u8272\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u85c9\u5723\u7075\u53bb\u8003\u9a8c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u9009\u6d3e\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5f8c\u4fe1\u4f17\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u4f1a\u540f\uff08curator\uff09\u3002\uff3b\u300a\u9769\u5229\u514d\uff08\u81f4\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u4eba\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u300b\u56db\u4e8c1\uff0d4\uff1a\u8c22\u6276\u96c5\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u732e\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1976\uff09\uff0c\u987530\uff0d31\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9769\u5229\u514d\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u7279\u8d28\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u5dee\u9063\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e43\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5dee\u9063\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5dee\u9063\u4f7f\u5f92\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b21\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5747\u88ab\u5723\u7075\u5145\u6ee1\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e43\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u9274\u522b\u6559\u4f1a\u53ca\u4fe1\u9053\u771f\u4f2a\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e3b\u6559\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5723\u804c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u90fd\u6eaf\u6e90\u81ea\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4e43\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u4f7f\u5f92\u8bbe\u7acb\u53ca\u6388\u6743\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u8bba\u5230\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5355\u6307\u67d0\u4e9b\u66fe\u88ab\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u5dee\u9063\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u5dee\u9063\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u51fa\u5916\u4f20\u9053\uff1b\u9664\u5341\u4e8c\u95e8\u5f92\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u5dee\u9063\u4e86\u4e03\u5341\u4e2a\u95e8\u5f92\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5355\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u89c1\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\uff08\u5728\u4e16\u6216\u590d\u6d3b\u5f8c\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5728\u4e16\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u76f8\u9047\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff1b\u800c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6d3b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u663e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7ed9\u6570\u767e\u4eba\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u8036\u7a23\u7279\u522b\u9009\u7acb\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u95e8\u5f92\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6216\u539f\u578b\uff08prototype\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\uff08\u52a0\u7565\u4eba\u72b9\u592a\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\u5f8c\u6765\u5f53\u7136\u88ab\u9769\u9664\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\u662f\u65e0\u4eba\u6562\u8d28\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u7528\u4e3a\u6b64\u81ea\u8fa9\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f97\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff07\u5ae1\u7cfb\uff07\u3000\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5171\u901a\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u786e\u7acb\u5176\u4f7f\u5f92\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u4e0e\u5f7c\u5f97\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u8981\u4e3a\u6b64\u7aed\u529b\u81ea\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4ed6\u4e00\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6000\u7591\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee4\u4fdd\u7f57\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u4f24\u5fc3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66\u4e5d\u7ae01\u81f32\u8282\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u81ea\u8fa9\u65f6\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u66fe\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u4e3b\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6240\u9009\u53ec\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u4e3b\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u5417\uff1f\u90a3\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u5356\u4e3b\u7684\u72b9\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u8fc7\u6447\u7b7e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9a6c\u63d0\u4e9a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u4e3b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5462\uff1f\u4fdd\u7f57\u53ea\u66fe\u4eb2\u773c\u770b\u89c1\u590d\u6d3b\u5f8c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u4e0e\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u63a5\u89e6\u6216\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u8fc7\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u8ddf\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdc\u8fdc\u53ca\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u81f3\u5c11\u6b20\u7f3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u5173\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u53ea\u89c1\u8fc7\u90a3\u9ebd\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u6709\u4f59\u4e86\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u53ef\u5938\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6700\u5927\u51ed\u8bc1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fa8\u522b\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u5de5\u7684\u679c\u6548\uff0c\u6709\u5723\u7075\u6069\u8d50\u4e3a\u5370\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff07\u8bc1\u636e\uff07\u3000\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5fc5\u987b\u5f80\u610f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4eca\u5929\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u6cdb\u6ee5\u6210\u707e\u7684\u6210\u529f\u795e\u5b66\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u8fde\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u56e0\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u6709\u679c\u6548\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u3001\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u9a84\u4eba\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u662f\u8499\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7279\u522b\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u6240\u4f20\u7684\u9053\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u5374\u662f\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u679c\u6548\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u97ad\u6253\u53ca\u7ecf\u5386\u8bf8\u822c\u82e6\u695a\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\uff07\u679c\u6548\uff07\u3000\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u6240\u4f20\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u770b\u4e3a\u611a\u62d9\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6545\u4f20\u626c\u8fd9\u611a\u62d9\u9053\u7406\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5747\u5f97\u5728\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u906d\u9047\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9053\u7406\u770b\u9f50\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u611a\u62d9\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u4eba\u5f03\u7edd\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u540c\u6837\u8981\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u5f03\u7edd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u8d70\u8036\u7a23\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u4ed6\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u82e5\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u9645\u9047\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\u90fd\u6210\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f20\u8bb2\u5f02\u7aef\u8005\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u906d\u5230\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u679c\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u8bc1\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4fdd\u7f57\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6052\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u53ca\u6069\u5178\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u529b\u79f0\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e94\u8be5\u51e1\u4e8b\u901a\u8fbe\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u8499\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e00\u65e6\u9047\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5e78\u53ca\u707e\u7978\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u906d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9057\u5f03\u6216\u8bc5\u5492\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u906d\u9047\u67d0\u4e9b\u96be\u5904\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u8c13\u82e6\u7f6a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e2\u6000\u7591\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53c8\u8d28\u7591\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u516c\u4e49\u6148\u7231\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6240\u6301\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u91ca\u7ecf\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f92\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u5a01\u5916\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4ee5\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u66fe\u4eb2\u81ea\u786e\u8ba4\u72b9\u592a\u7ecf\u5178\uff08\u5373\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\uff09\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u786e\u8ba4\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\uff0a\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5411\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u300e\u63a8\u72ec\u5723\u7ecf\u300f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u7531\u8036\u7a23\u85c9\u4f7f\u5f92\u4f20\u9012\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7edd\u5bf9\u51cc\u9a7e\u65bc\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e8b\u67e5\u7ecf\uff0c\u5f85\u5f97\u77e5\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u6b62\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u5982\u4f55\u627f\u8f7d\u798f\u97f3\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u79bd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u800c\u5199\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u95e8\u5f92\u575a\u4fe1\u65e7\u7ea6\u662f\u6307\u5411\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u627f\u8f7d\u8457\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u5462\uff1f\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u54ea\u5904\u65e7\u7ea6\u7ecf\u6587\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5e76\u4ed6\u9489\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u65e7\u7ea6\u5e76\u672a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8036\u7a23\u85c9\u4f7f\u5f92\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8981\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u8350\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\u8036\u7a23\u4e0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u627e\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u6765\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u770b\u89c1\u5723\u7ecf\u4f5c\u8005\u5fb5\u5f15\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65e7\u7ea6\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u8036\u7a23\u5c31\u662f\u65e7\u7ea6\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\u6240\u5e94\u8bb8\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u662f\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e92\u76f8\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7c4d\u65e7\u7ea6\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u771f\u786e\u6027\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u7528\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5f25\u8d5b\u4e9a\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u8bf4\u670d\u90a3\u4e9b\u542c\u670d\u5148\u77e5\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u8bdd\u5df2\u5e94\u9a8c\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7edd\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u8bad\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4e0e\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u7528\u5f8c\u8005\u6765\u5408\u7406\u5316\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u524d\u8005\u6765\u9274\u522b\u5f8c\u8005\uff1a\u82e5\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u4ecd\u65e7\u63a5\u7eb3\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff1b\u82e5\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u968f\u65f6\u613f\u610f\u653e\u5f03\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e86\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u5916\u90a6\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u539f\u5c5e\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u65e7\u7ea6\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u975e\u8981\u7559\u4f4f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u53ef\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9ebd\uff1f\u5018\u82e5\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u5426\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u4ecd\u5f97\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3001\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u9042\u91c7\u7528\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u66fe\u63a5\u53d7\u4e25\u8c28\u91ca\u7ecf\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u591a\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u4f5c\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\uff07\u5f02\u7aef\uff07\u3000\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u9a6c\u5409\u5b89\uff08Marcion\uff0c\u7ea6101\u2026165\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u5b57\u9762\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u65e7\u7ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5929\u7236\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6545\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\uff1b\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u629b\u5f03\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u65e7\u7ea6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u3002\u7528\u5b57\u9762\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u65e0\u4ece\u5728\u65e7\u7ea6\u53d1\u73b0\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u6551\u6b64\u5f0a\u3002\u5c06\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7075\u610f\u5316\u4ee5\u81f3\u57fa\u7763\u5316\uff08Christianize\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u60ef\u5e38\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u65e7\u7ea6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u7edd\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u73b0\u4eca\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u65e7\u7ea6\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u9ad8\u4e3e\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u53ca\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u65e2\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u56e0\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u4fe1\u5949\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff0c\u65e7\u7ea6\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u65e7\u7ea6\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5168\u672c\u5723\u7ecf\u6240\u8bb2\u8bba\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5e76\u4ed6\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u300e\u65b0\u3001\u65e7\u7ea6\u300f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300e\u65e7\u3001\u65b0\u7ea6\u300f\uff1b\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u6325\u6743\u5a01\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7528\u65e7\u7ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u7ecf\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e43\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9884\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4f55\u5e72\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u900f\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u7ba1\u6559\u4e0e\u5f15\u988c\uff0c\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ba1\u6559\u4e0e\u5f15\u9886\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u65e7\u7ea6\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u627f\u8f7d\u53ca\u9610\u8ff0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u4f1a\u6025\u5f85\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u6559\u7236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u662f\u64b0\u5199\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001\u8bb2         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u3000\u30003\uff0e\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u65e7\u7ea6\u7075\u610f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u627f\u8f7d\u53ca\u9610\u8ff0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u4f1a\u6025\u5f85\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e0e\u6559\u7236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u662f\u64b0\u5199\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001\u8bb2\u7ae0\u3001\u5b66\u9053\u96c6\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u9610\u8ff0\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u6709\u64b0\u5199\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6b32\u4ee5\u66f4\u7a33\u56fa\u7262\u9760\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u90a3\u4e2a\u53e3\u4f20\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc\u548c\u7267\u517b\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u975e\u5e38\u5c0a\u5d07\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u4fe1\u4f20\u6284\u7559\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u6717\u8bfb\uff0c\u6559\u8bad\u4fe1\u5f92\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u6559\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u6284\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u65b0\u7ea6\u6b63\u5178\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u65b0\u7ea6\u6b63\u5178\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u7ea6\u4e66\u5377\u7684\u6210\u4e66\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u65f6\u4e00\u523b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fa8\u8ba4\u4e0e\u516c\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5723\u7075\u5f15\u9886\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u4eba\u523b\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u65b0\u7ea6\u6210\u6b63\u5178\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u5f85\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u79d1\u6765\u53d9\u8bf4\u597d\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u89c1\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5377\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5377\u662f\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u5360\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u5341\u4e09\u5377\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6000\u7591\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u4e66\u3001\u6b4c\u7f57\u897f\u4e66\u3001\u5e16\u6492\u7f57\u5c3c\u8fe6\u5f8c\u4e66\u3001\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u524d\u5f8c\u4e66\uff0c\u53ca\u63d0\u591a\u4e66\u7b49\u516d\u5377\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8868\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ecd\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u5341\u4e09\u5377\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u53ca\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\u798f\u97f3\u4e0e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u5018\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u5018\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u524d\u5f8c\u4e66\u6216\u63d0\u591a\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u6559\u4f1a\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5417\uff1f\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4fe1\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9610\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ed6\u6570\u6b21\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u5e03\u9053\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u5e03\u9053\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u957f\u4e45\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VI\uff0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eca\u5929\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u4f20\u8bb2\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u7248\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u662f\u5426\u6709\u522b\uff1b\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u5c11\u63d0\u53ca\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u63d0\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u751f\u5728\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5927\u536b\u7684\u5f8c\u88d4\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u53ea\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u3001\u53d7\u6d17\u3001\u795e\u8ff9\u3001\u6bd4\u55bb\u3001\u767b\u5c71\u53d8\u50cf\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u63d0\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u751a\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u5904\u7ecf\u6587\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u662f\u5173\u65bc\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bba\u5230\u4f5c\u5de5\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5de5\u4ef7\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u8bb2\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ed6\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u8bf4\u4fdd\u7f57\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u751f\u5e73\u6240\u77e5\u4e0d\u8be6\uff0c\u6709\u8bf4\u4fdd\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u751f\u5e73\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4e91\u4e91\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u65e5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u4fdd\u7f57\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff07\u3000\uff08Pauline\u3000Christianity\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u540c\u610f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u5723\u7075\u542f\u8fea\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4f20\u8bb2\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u53ca\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6551\u6069\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u8be0\u91ca\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u6210\u529f\u5960\u7acb\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\uff07\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e4b\u6bcd\uff07\u3000\u4f60\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5417\uff1f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u65e9\u671f\u5404\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5f8c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4f55\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f4\uff0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u636e\u4e3a\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7f57\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bfe\u3000\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5e1d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\u3002\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f20\u64ad\u672a\u51e0\uff0c\u5373\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u6b64\u7b49\u8feb\u5bb3\u662f\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\uff1b\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5730\u533a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6253\u8457\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u5f00\u5c55\u5176\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u81ea\u8ba4\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u5ae1\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u6545\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8981\u8ddf\u7ef4\u62a4\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f53\u5c40\u53d1\u751f\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u518d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u5c0f\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u6e05\u9664\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece70\u5e74\u5c3c\u7984\u7687\u5e1d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fbf\u53d7\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u6bd4\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u8981\u4e25\u5cfb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u516c\u4f1a\u53ea\u5c5e\uff07\u4ea1\u56fd\u5974\uff07\u3000\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u751a\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\uff1b\u51b5\u4e14\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u96be\u4e0e\u52bf\u529b\u5e7f\u88ab\u73af\u5b87\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u5339\u654c\u3002\u6563\u5c45\u65bc\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8dd1\u8fdb\u4f1a\u5802\u5411\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u4f1a\u6216\u4f1a\u5802\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5a01\u80c1\uff1b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u81f3\u591a\u53ca\u65bc\u72b9\u592a\u7c4d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u7c4d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c31\u4e0d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ba1\u6cbb\u53ca\u538b\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5c0f\u5deb\u89c1\u5927\u5deb\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u6328\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u5f8c\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5bcc\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u63a5\u7eb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u8feb\uff1b\u518d\u8fc7\u5927\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u66f4\u8fdb\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6559\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7531\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e5f\u7531\u539f\u6765\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u6559\uff0c\u5230\u5ba3\u5224\u6240\u6709\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u7bc7\u5f02\u6559\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e4b\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u8bfb\u6765\u9976\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u653f\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6587\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u7279\u522b\u6311\u9009\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\uff08Constantine\u3000the\u3000Great\uff0c288\uff0d337\uff09\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c5\u5f53\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u751f\u5e73\u6982\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5927\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff08280\uff0c\u4e00\u4f5c274\uff09\u5728\u4e0a\u9ea6\u897f\u4e9a\uff08Upper\u3000Messia\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff09\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7eb3\u82cf\u65af\uff08Naissus\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u5eb7\u58eb\u5766\u4e22\uff1f\u514b\u7f57\u5982\uff08COnstantius\u3000Chlorus\uff0c\u3000306\u901d\u4e16\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\uff08Dioclctian\uff0c\u3000245\uff0d313\uff09\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u7edf\u5e05\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u51fa\u8eab\u80cc\u666f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u96c4\u624d\u5927\u7565\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u5f02\u5e38\u4e25\u5389\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u5be1\u5934\u7684\u541b\u738b\u72ec\u88c1\u4e0e\u5e1d\u4f4d\u4e16\u88ad\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\uff07\u56db\u5934\u5236\uff07\u3000\uff08the\u3000Tetrarchy\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u7531\u56db\u4f4d\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53bb\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5e45\u5458\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff08\u6216\u4f5c\u4e24\u4f4d\u7687\u5e1d\u3001co\uff0demperors\uff3d\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u53e4\u58eb\u7763\uff08Augusit\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u518d\u6709\u4e24\u4f4d\u7edf\u5e05\uff08\u3000Caesars\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u6cbb\u4e1c\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u7f57\u9a6c\u3002293\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5eb7\u6c0f\u88ab\u9009\u7acb\u4e3a\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u7edf\u5e05\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e1d\u4f4d\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u91c7\u7528\u9012\u8865\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e9a\u53e4\u58eb\u7763\u7684\u5728\u4efb\u5e74\u671f\u662f\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5c4a\u6ee1\u5f8c\u4fbf\u5f97\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u7edf\u5e05\u63a5\u4efb\u3002\u4e22\u6c0f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5448\u8870\u8d25\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u529b\u9a7e\u5fa1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0\u8bf8\u4faf\u5272\u636e\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff1b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u79ef\u5f31\u7684\u56f0\u5c40\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5e1d\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e16\u88ad\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u4ee4\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u602f\u5f31\u65e0\u529b\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ee7\u4f4d\u8005\u662f\u6cbb\u56fd\u4e4b\u624d\uff1b\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u4ee5\u519b\u4e8b\u7acb\u56fd\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8a00\uff0c\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u82e5\u975e\u6709\u9886\u519b\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u8bd5\u95ee\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u4e0b\u5404\u4e2a\u5c06\u9886\uff1f\u4e22\u6c0f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f4d\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u91cd\u632f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000305\u5e74\uff0c\u4e22\u6c0f\u8feb\u4f7f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e3a\u4e9a\u53e4\u58eb\u7763\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u52c9\uff08Maximinus\uff09\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u5eb7\u6c0f\u4e0e\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\uff08Galerius\uff09\u9042\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u4e9a\u53e4\u58eb\u7763\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e0e\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5728312\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6d77\u4f26\u62ff\uff08Helena\uff09\u7688\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u541b\u6c0f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u56e0\u800c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b58\u6709\u597d\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u7236\u4eb2\u5374\u4fe1\u5949\u4e00\u79cd\u5f53\u65f6\u9887\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e00\u795e\u6559\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u5949\u7684\u795e\u660e\u591a\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u80dc\u6570\uff1a\u6709\u5c71\u795e\u3001\u6c34\u795e\u3001\u65e5\u795e\u3001\u6708\u795e\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u660e\u6709\u4e03\u60c5\u516d\u6b32\uff0c\u884c\u5f84\u4ea6\u4e0e\u5e38\u4eba\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u65e2\u4e0d\u795e\u5723\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8d85\u7136\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u5e0c\u7f57\u6587\u5316\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u8fd1\u4e1c\u6587\u5316\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u52a0\u4e0a\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u5355\u6570\u800c\u975e\u4f17\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u800c\u975e\u591a\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u795e\u6559\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4f20\u7edf\u5e0c\u3001\u7f57\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u8fd1\u4e1c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5eb7\u6c0f\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5d07\u62dc\u592a\u9633\u795e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1b\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5e0c\u814a\u795e\u8bdd\u91cc\uff0c\u4e9a\u6ce2\u7f57\u662f\u592a\u9633\u795e\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u6765\u4ed6\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u97f3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u541b\u6c0f\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5eb7\u6c0f\u767b\u4f4d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u66fe\u88ab\u59d4\u6d3e\u53c2\u4e0e\u57c3\u53ca\u5bf9\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u652f\u63f4\u5f53\u65f6\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7edf\u5e05\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u529f\u7ee9\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u541b\u6c0f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\u624b\u4e0b\u5f53\u519b\u5b98\u3002\u5728\u767b\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\u8ba9\u541b\u6c0f\u91cd\u5f52\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u9ebe\u4e0b\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5eb7\u6c0f\u4e0d\u5e78\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u6309\u8457\u4e22\u6c0f\u6240\u5b9a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7687\u4f4d\u672c\u5e94\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7edf\u5e05\u7ee7\u4efb\uff1b\u4f46\u4f20\u8bf4\u5f53\u65f6\u58eb\u5175\u54d7\u53d8\uff0c\u628a\u9ec4\u888d\u52a0\u5728\u541b\u6c0f\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u62e5\u62a4\u4ed6\u63a5\u4efb\u7236\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u8feb\u4f7f\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u662f\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u5e05\u3002\u521a\u9000\u4e0b\u4e9a\u53e4\u58eb\u7763\u738b\u4f4d\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u52c9\u4e0d\u670d\u541b\u6c0f\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u593a\u4f4d\uff0c\u9042\u8054\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u9a6c\u514b\u68ee\u4e22\uff08Maxentius\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u541b\u6c0f\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u5c55\u5f00\u8fde\u573a\u5927\u6218\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000312\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u5728\u63a5\u8fde\u6218\u80dc\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u52c9\u5728\u9ea6\u52d2\u5371\u5b89\u6865\uff08Milvian\u3000Bridge\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u51b3\u6218\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u541b\u6c0f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u68a6\uff0c\u6709\u5929\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u9760\u8d56\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u5f97\u80dc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\uff07\u57fa\u7763\uff07\u7684\u5934\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u541b\u6c0f\u9192\u6765\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u547d\u5175\u58eb\u5728\u5934\u76d4\u4e0e\u76fe\u724c\u4e0a\u6d82\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u771f\u7684\u51ef\u65cb\u800c\u5f52\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5c06\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u52c9\u53ca\u5176\u513f\u5b50\u9a6c\u514b\u68ee\u4e22\u51fb\u8d25\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\uff08311\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u4e0e\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\u53ca\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5206\u5730\u5272\u636e\u7684\u5c06\u9886\u7406\u5409\u7ebd\uff08Licinius\uff09\u4e09\u4eba\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bb9\u8bb8\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5408\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u7688\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000313\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u541b\u738b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5360\u9886\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u7406\u5409\u7ebd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u7c73\u5170\u4e0a\u8c15\u300b\uff08EdiCt\u3000OfMilan\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u3000314\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u4e0e\u7406\u5409\u7eb7\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u3002324\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u51fb\u8d25\u7406\u5409\u7ebd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bfe\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5949\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u5bb9\u5fcd\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u5e76\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u7b56\uff09\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08\u4f46\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u4fbf\u7688\u4f9d\u6216\u6539\u4fe1\u522b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u4e3e\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u7ef4\u6301\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u91cc\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u878d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u9762\u4e34\u4f17\u591a\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7ef4\u7cfb\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u6700\u5f3a\u76db\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u9760\u8d56\u5176\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u6574\u4e2a\u7687\u671d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u653b\u57ce\u63a0\u5730\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u65b0\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5206\u8d4f\u7ed9\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u5175\u5c06\u3001\u91cd\u8d4f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5fc5\u6709\u52c7\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u58eb\u7528\u547d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u535c\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u52aa\u529b\u653b\u63a0\u56db\u90bb\u6c11\u65cf\uff1b\u6b64\u4e3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u519b\u5fc3\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5de9\u56e0\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5f53\u53ef\u653b\u5360\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6108\u6765\u6108\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u6e10\u6b21\u7f13\u6162\u4e0b\u6765\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7edf\u9886\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u53c8\u5982\u6b64\u9065\u8fdc\uff0c\u90a3\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u7ef4\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6548\u5fe0\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5c06\u58eb\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u503e\u8d56\u4fbf\u6307\u65e5\u53ef\u671f\u4e86\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u541b\u4e3b\u53ca\u5143\u8001\u9662\u90fd\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u5355\u9760\u519b\u4e8b\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u6765\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u662f\u4e0d\u5927\u7262\u9760\u7684\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u7ef4\u6301\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u7edf\u53ca\u5174\u76db\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5d07\u62dc\u7687\u5e1d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u4e0e\u6267\u884c<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e9\u5728\u8be5\u64a4\u4e9a\u53e4\u571f\u7763\u901d\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5143\u8001\u9662\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fbf\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u7687\u5e1d\u5949\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u795e\u660e\uff08State\u3000god\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u653e\u5f03\u539f\u5148\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5355\u72ec\u656c\u62dc\u7687\u5e1d\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u5949\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7687\u5e1d\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\uff08universal\u3000religion\uff09\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u89e6\u72af\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7687\u5e1d\u7686\u4e25\u5389\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff1b\u8fd9\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u8d39\u7528\u4e0d\u83f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6280\u672f\u56f0\u96be\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u65bc\u6709\u4e9b\u7687\u5e1d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f00\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u89c9\u5e76\u975e\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8feb\u81e3\u6c11\u5411\u4ed6\u535c\u62dc\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u72c2\u5984\u81ea\u5927\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u624d\u559c\u6b22\u751a\u81f3\u6e34\u671b\u4eba\u656c\u62dc\u4ed6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u591a\u7c73\u7530\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4ed6\u96c5\u52aa\uff08Trajan\uff1b53\u2026117\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4eba\u6c11\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u4f5c\u795e\u660e\u770b\u5f85\uff1b\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u51b7\u611f\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5728111\u81f3113\u5e74\uff1b\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u5e87\u63a8\u5c3c\uff08Bithynia\uff09\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6267\u653f\u5b98\u76ae\u91cc\u7ebd\uff08Plily\uff09\uff0c\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u96c5\u52aa\u7687\u5e1d\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u90a3\u5730\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u65e2\u4e0d\u53c2\u519b\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b50\u5973\u8bfb\u4e66\uff08\u56e0\u4e66\u672c\u7edf\u7edf\u4e0e\u5f02\u6559\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u4e5f\u5c0f\u4e70\u8089\u5403\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8089\u98df\u591a\u4e66\u4f5c\u5f02\u6559\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u4ee4\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u635f\uff1b\u5f02\u6559\u7960\u5e99\u95e8\u5ead\u51b7\u843d\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5728\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7686\u5927\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u805a\u5c45\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u4e5f\u54cd\u8d77\u60e9\u6cbb\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u975e\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u8feb\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u76ae\u91cc\u7ebd\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6740\u5bb3\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff1a\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u5f99\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u7740\u5b9e\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6089\u6570\u6b63\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6869\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u88ab\u62ff\u4e0b\u7684\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5c31\u5730\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1b\u4f46\u5018\u82e5\u90a3\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7f57\u9a6c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u9001\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u53d7\u5ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u4e0a\u8bc9\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6545\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53ec\u5f00\u516c\u5ba1\u4f1a\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5904\u51b3\u3002\u6216\u5c06\u72af\u4eba\u62bc\u89e3\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u76ae\u91cc\u7ebd\u9042\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u96c5\u52aa\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u6740\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002\u4ed6\u96c5\u52aa\u7684\u56de\u8986\u662f\uff1a\u6bcb\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4eca\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u5199\u533f\u540d\u4fe1\u544a\u53d1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u4f1a\uff1b\u4f46\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u6307\u8bc1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u5750\u89c6\u4e0d\u7406\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u79c9\u6cd5\u4ee4\u800c\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u670d\u4f17\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u5f97\u7ed9\u4e88\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e00\u4e2a\u6094\u6539\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1a\u8981\u662f\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u653e\u5f03\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5f02\u6559\u795e\u660e\u7977\u544a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u5c06\u90a3\u4eba\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u5927\u5f00\u6740\u6212\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u90fd\u8981\u7f6e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u65bc\u6b7b\u5730\uff0c\u90fd\u70ed\u8877\u65bc\u6267\u884c\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65bc\u56fd\u8ba1\u6c11\u751f\u65e0\u8865\u76ca\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u8fde\u7687\u5e1d\u4ea6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u8868\u73b0\u51b7\u6de1\uff0c\u90a3\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5b98\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u591a\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5982\u5c11\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f55\u5fc5\u81ea\u627e\u9ebb\u70e6\u5462\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u672a\u957f\u671f\u53ca\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5730\u96f7\u5389\u98ce\u884c\uff1b\u5728\u6700\u521d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u90e8\u5c5e\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u89c6\u4e4e\u4e2a\u522b\u7687\u5e1d\u53ca\u6267\u653f\u8005\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u9003\u96be\u5230\u90bb\u8fd1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u8eb2\u907f\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u65e0\u53ef\u9003\u9041\u65bc\u5929\u5730\u95f4\uff1b\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u4e0d\u907f\u96be\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u5168\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8840\u8109\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u5168\u519b\u8986\u6ca1\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u81ea\u5176\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\u4fbf\u906d\u5230\uff07\u5730\u6be1\u5f0f\uff07\u3000\u7684\u6467\u6b8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5b58\u7559\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5373\u6216\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u65f6\u6709\u65f6\u65e0\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u51e1\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u6597\u517d\u573a\u4e2d\u53d7\u5211\uff0c\u6027\u547d\u968f\u65f6\u4e0d\u4fdd\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5267\u573a\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u3000\u662f\u534a\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u5267\u9662\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4e0a\u6f14\u6b4c\u5267\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u6597\u517d\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6b89\u9053\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6b89\u9053<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u6bb5\u6bb5\u7684\u8840\u6cea\u53f2\u4ea4\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u906d\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6d41\u4f20\u8457\u4e0d\u5c11\u53ef\u6b4c\u53ef\u6ce3\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u7684\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4e22\u53ca\u58eb\u6bcf\u62ff\u7684\u5761\u65c5\u7532\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08a\uff09\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4e22\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4e22\u3000\uff08lgnatius\u3000of\u3000Antioch\uff0c\u7ea635\uff0d107\uff09\u662f\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u4ed6\u62d8\u6355\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ed6\u9001\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u590d\u5ba1\u3002\u5728\u8e0f\u4e0a\u6b89\u9053\u4e4b\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u4f0a\u6c0f\u603b\u5171\u5199\u4e86\u4e03\u5c01\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5404\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc\u548c\u6307\u6b63\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef6\u90fd\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f97\u77e5\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u6897\u6982\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4f0a\u6c0f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6781\u8d1f\u540d\u671b\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u5f53\u4ed6\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8f83\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8425\u6551\u4ed6\u3002\u4f0a\u6c0f\u9042\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4e22\u8fbe\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4f0a\u6c0f\u8b66\u544a\u7f57\u9a6c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u8425\u6551\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u59a8\u788d\u4ed6\u6b89\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u613f\u6211\u8d70\u5728\u8fd9\u8499\u6069\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u62e6\u963b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u60df\u6050\u56e0\u8457\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u5931\u5374\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6c42\u4f60\u4eec\u653e\u4e0b\u8425\u6551\u6211\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u5427\uff01\u3000\u4f0a\u6c0f\u7ec8\u65bc\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7ade\u6280\u573a\u4e0a\u6b89\u9053\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08b\uff09\u3000\u5761\u65cf\u7532\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u662f\u5761\u65c5\u7532\uff08Polycarp\u3000of\u3000Smyrna\uff0c\u7ea670\uff0d168\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u662f\u58eb\u6bcf\u62ff\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u9996\u672c\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\u8be5\u6492\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4f18\u897f\u6bd4\u4e4c\uff08Eusebius\u3000of\u3000Caesarea\uff09\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u91cc\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u5761\u6c0f\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u5f53\u5761\u6c11\u88ab\u62bc\u89e3\u5230\u6cd5\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u58f0\u97f3\u4ece\u4e0a\u5934\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8981\u521a\u5f3a\u58ee\u80c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4f60\u76f8\u6597\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u731b\u517d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u3002\uff07\u8fde\u5728\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u603b\u7763\u773c\u89c1\u8fd9\u4f4d\u516b\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u8981\u5728\u4ed6\u624b\u4e0b\u53d7\u96be\uff1b\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5fcd\uff1b\u4fbf\u5bf9\u5761\u6c0f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u73cd\u60dc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e74\u5c81\u5427\uff01\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u6253\u5012\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u6211\u4fbf\u653e\u8fc7\u4f60\u3002\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u5f53\u65f6\u7531\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u62d2\u7edd\u5d07\u62dc\u5076\u50cf\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4fbf\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5c5e\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u4e00\u7cfb\uff0c\u6545\u603b\u7763\u6709\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u3002\uff09\u5761\u6c0f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u4fbf\u4f9d\u6837\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u603b\u7763\u8981\u6ce2\u6c0f\u591a\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\u5492\u8bc5\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4e8b\u5949\u8036\u7a23\u67d0\u7763\u5df2\u516b\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u4e8f\u5f85\u8fc7\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5c82\u80fd\u4eb5\u6e0e\u90a3\u9020\u6211\u6551\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u5462\uff1f\u603b\u7763\u89c1\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9886\u60c5\uff0c\u4e43\u4ee5\u706b\u5211\u5a01\u5413\u4ed6\uff1a\u5761\u6c0f\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u706b\u5211\u4e4b\u706b\u7ec8\u6709\u7184\u706d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u7684\u4e3b\u7528\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u706b\uff0c\u662f\u6c34\u4e0d\u7184\u706d\u7684\u3002\u5761\u6c0f\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e3b\u906d\u706b\u5211\u6b89\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u6559\u7236\u7279\u58eb\u826f\uff08Tertullian\u3000\u7ea6160\u2026220\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u6b89\u9053\u571f\u7684\u8840\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u79cd\u7c7d\u3002\uff07\uff08The\u3000blood\u3000of\u3000themartyrs\u3000is\u3000the\u3000seed\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Church\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u6b89\u9053\u5341\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u732e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u56f0\u96be\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u62d3\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u6001<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u903c\u8feb\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u8f8d\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u987d\u5f3a\u52c7\u6bc5\u5730\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff1a\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\uff0c\u903c\u8feb\u6784\u6210\u7684\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6323\u624e\u6c42\u5b58\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u538c\u4e16\u3002\u51fa\u4e16\u53ca\u907f\u4e16\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08a\uff09\u3000\u538c\u4e16\uff1a\u5426\u8ba4\u73b0\u4e16\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08b\uff09\u51fa\u4e16\uff1a\u8feb\u5207\u76fc\u671b\u6765\u751f\u4e0e\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u798f\u4e1a\u8bf4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6709\u538c\u51fa\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u5141\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u5426\u8ba4\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5426\u8ba4\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fde\u8457\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6765\u4e16\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u76fc\u671b\u800c\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u7231\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u592a\u7fa1\u6155\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u54c0\u4e50\u7978\u798f\u662f\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u798f\u4e50\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u6545\u5c06\u773c\u524d\u7684\u597d\u5904\u6362\u4f5c\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u6295\u6ce8\u8fd8\u662f\u5212\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bf9\u6765\u751f\u4e0e\u6c38\u6052\u798f\u4e50\u6709\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u76fc\u671b\uff1b\u8fd9\u6765\u751f\u662f\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u67d0\u4e2a\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u51fa\u4e16\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5929\u5802\u7684\u8363\u798f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u60f3\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08c\uff09\u907f\u4e16\uff1a\u56de\u907f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u7531\u538c\u4e16\u5230\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u907f\u4e16\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u66f4\u672a\u66fe\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5360\u4e00\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8fb9\u7f18\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6323\u624e\u6c42\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u653f\u6559\u6216\u793e\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u6539\u53d8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u88ab\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8c03\u6574\u5b83\u9762\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u591a\u89c9\u5f97\u6bcb\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u79ef\u6781\u7684\uff08\u5373\u9664\u987a\u670d\u638c\u6743\u8005\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\uff09\u4f26\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6765\u4e2a\u4e86\u65ad\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u53d7\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u5c5e\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\u77ed\u6682\u5730\u5c45\u505c\u65bc\u6b64\u5730\uff0c\u6545\u6bcb\u987b\u5bf9\u5f02\u4e61\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u907f\u96be\u6240\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\uff07\u907f\u79e6\u5730\uff07\u3000\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u8fd9\u8bcd\u51fa\u81ea\u9676\u6e0a\u660e\u7684\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6e90\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u6307\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u65f6\u79e6\u56fd\u82db\u653f\u7ba1\u6cbb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09\uff0c\u753b\u5730\u4e3a\u7262\uff0c\u95ed\u5173\u81ea\u5b88\uff0c\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65ad\u7edd\u4e00\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<br 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\/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u529f\u8bfe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u3001\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u518d\u6765\u7684\u786e\u4fe1\u3001\u5728\u56f0\u82e6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u575a\u5b88\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u6bcb\u987b\u7edd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5316\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u662f\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6548\u98a6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u771f\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u6a21\u4eff\u4e5f\u662f\u529e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u67d0\u4e9b\u6559\u4f1a\u6216\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u9887\u6709\u590d\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Restorationism\uff09\u7684\u590d\u53e4\u60f3\u6cd5\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u590d\u53e4\u601d\u60f3\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u538c\u4e16\u3001\u51fa\u4e16\u53ca\u907f\u4e16\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e14\u5408\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u8bad\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u626f\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u7136\u5815\u843d\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7edd\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u5b9e\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u6b89\u9053\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u9ad8\u4e3e\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u9119\u89c6\u53db\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6d41\u4f20\u8457\u5f88\u591a\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f20\u8bf5\u3002\u4f20\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5de9\u56fa\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u629b\u5934\u9885\u3001\u6d12\u70ed\u8840\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u4e00\u5200\u4e86\u65ad\u90a3\u822c\u723d\u5feb\uff1b\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u5927\u591a\u8981\u5728\u4e0a\u5343\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f92\u624b\u4e0e\u731b\u517d\u640f\u6597\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e3a\u731b\u517d\u6240\u566c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u5632\u7b11\u58f0\u4e0e\u9119\u5937\u76ee\u5149\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6781\u5176\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u9177\u5211\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5de9\u56fa\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5fc3\u5fd7\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0e\u5fc5\u987b\u6027\u3002\u6b89\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\u9047\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u5916\uff08\u8981\u662f\u771f\u4e3a\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u610f\u5916\u7387\u4e5f\u592a\u9ad8\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\u6253\u4ece\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u5f97\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u51c6\u5907\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u8981\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u88ab\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\uff08\u53c2\u7ea6\u5341\u4e94\u300018\uff0d27\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8981\u662f\u6b89\u9053\u662f\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u9003\u907f\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u4fbf\u7b49\u65bc\u9003\u907f\u8df5\u884c\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8981\u9003\u907f\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u5462\uff01\u8981\u662f\u8eb2\u4e5f\u8eb2\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u7a9d\u56ca\u5730\u88ab\u902e\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6177\u6168\u5c31\u4e49\u5427\uff01\u5728\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u9003\u907f\u6b89\u9053\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u803b\u8fb1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u8981\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u5f92\u6811\u7acb\u52c7\u6c14\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e34\u9635\u9000\u7f29\uff0c\u56db\u5904\u533f\u85cf\uff0c\u8d3b\u5bb3\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u6559\u7236\u5c45\u666e\u826e\uff08Cyprian\uff0c\u7ea6200\uff0d258\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u906d\u9047\u8feb\u5bb3\u65f6\u9003\u8dd1\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u65e5\u5f8c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6c61\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\uff3f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u8d28\u7591\uff1b\u5c1a\u5e78\u5728\u906d\u9047\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8feb\u5bb3\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u65bc\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u6e05\u8a89\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5168\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u53ca\u6267\u4e8b\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8d85\u51e1\u5165\u5723\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u540c\u610f\u9886\u8896\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\uff0c\u8eab\u5148\u58eb\u5352\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8df5\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4f20\u8bb2\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u82e5\u4e0d\u80af\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u4f55\u80fd\u611f\u52a8\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\u5462\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5411\u4fe1\u5f92\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b89\u9053\u4e43\u4f17\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u4f5c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5949\u732e\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\u5730\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6bd4\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u820d\u53bb\u66f4\u5927\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u66fe\u72af\u4f55\u7b49\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u8d66\u514d\uff1b\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u6bcb\u987b\u5f85\u5230\u53f7\u89d2\u5439\u54cd\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u624d\u4ece\u9634\u95f4\u590d\u82cf\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u5954\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u5929\u4f7f\u4f1a\u5728\u95e8\u5916\u8fce\u9010\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u52a0\u51a0\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u9886\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5c0a\u5d07\u6b89\u9053\u4e3b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6559\u4f1a\u51fa\u65bc\u5bf9\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u7684\u666f\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6fc0\u52b1\u5f8c\u6765\u8005\u3002\u9042\u523b\u610f\u6536\u96c6\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u7684\u9057\u9aa8\u9057\u7269\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u6536\u85cf\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e74\u53c8\u5b9a\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e2a\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u58eb\u6bcf\u62ff\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4e3b\u6559\u5761\u65c5\u7532\u7684\u9057\u9aa8\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u5b89\u653e\u5728\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u89c6\u4e4b\u6bd4\u9ec4\u91d1\u5b9d\u77f3\u8fd8\u8981\u8d35\u91cd\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u5927\u578b\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5761\u65c5\u7532\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7ade\u8d5b\u5f97\u80dc\u7684\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u540c\u6837\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u505a\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ca\u6f14\u4e60\u7684\u9884\u5907\u3002\u5c0a\u5d07\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5f8c\u6559\u4f1a\u656c\u793c\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6291\u6216\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u53e4\u8001\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5411\u5723\u4eba\u656c\u793c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u7eb3\u5411\u5723\u4eba\u656c\u793c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7f18\u7531\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6108\u6765\u6108\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5904\u5883\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c248\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u5e86\u795d\u5efa\u57ce\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u91cc\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0e\u53d1\u626c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u9ad8\u5531\u5165\u4e91\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u5b9e\u9645\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5de9\u536b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\uff1a\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u62db\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u654c\u89c6\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u8457\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5272\u636e\u66f4\u5f62\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u54e5\u5fb7\u65cf\u4ea6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u56db\u9762\u695a\u6b4c\u3002\u5728\u5185\u5916\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u4eba\u6c11\u5747\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u62d2\u7edd\u796d\u795e\uff0c\u4e43\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u6df1\u91cd\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5fb7\u4fee\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5927\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000249\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u5fb7\u4fee\uff08Decius\uff0c251\u901d\u4e16\uff09\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u6d88\u706d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u8981\u5230\u795e\u5e99\u5411\u8bf8\u795e\u732e\u796d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u5f20\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u6c11\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u643a\u5e26\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8eab\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u67e5\u5b9e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u62d8\u7981\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7279\u522b\u59d4\u4efb\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8865\u884c\u732e\u796d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8865\u9886\u8be5\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8981\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u732e\u796d\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u523b\u88ab\u5224\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9996\u5ea6\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u4e14\u6709\u5468\u8be6\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5927\u903c\u8feb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u9047\u5bb3\u3002\u9664\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u79bb\u4e61\u522b\u5e76\u3001\u8fdc\u8d70\u4ed6\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5916\u3014\u4f8b\u5982\u9003\u5230\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u65f7\u91ce\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4fc3\u6210\u65e5\u5f8c\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Monasticism\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff3d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5747\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d70\u907f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9762\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4e3b\u800c\u6b7b\u6216\u53db\u4e3b\u800c\u6d3b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u9177\u52ab\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u3001\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53ca\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u5747\u906d\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u5c1a\u5e78\u662f\u6b21\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e3a\u65f6\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u4fee\u5728251\u5e74\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u7ee7\u4efb\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5df2\u65e0\u610f\u8d39\u529b\u4e88\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u53cd\u54cd\uff1a\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5192\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u6bb5\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5927\u98ce\u66b4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5f53\u8feb\u5bb3\u6765\u4e34\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u575a\u5b88\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u4ece\u5bb9\u5c31\u4e49\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e3a\u6570\u751a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u6027\u547d\u800c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f03\u6559\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u6b20\u7f3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u6b89\u9053\u4e0e\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u76f8\u53bb\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u662f\u6000\u7591\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6545\u5b58\u5fc3\u53db\u6559\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u751f\u6b7b\u6289\u62e9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5077\u751f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5f53\u8feb\u5bb3\u8fc7\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u66fe\u7ecf\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u4fbf\u6b32\u91cd\u53e9\u6559\u4f1a\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u6094\u6539\u5f52\u56de\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u5e94\u5426\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u575a\u6301\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e94\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fd9\u7fa4\u66fe\u7ecf\u516c\u5f00\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f6a\u6301\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f7b\u6613\u5bbd\u6055\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6551\u6069\u88ab\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u82b8\u82b8\u4f17\u7f6a\u6076\u4e2d\uff0c\u53db\u6559\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u6076\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u80cc\u53db\uff1b\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u51e1\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e0d\u8ba4\u5b83\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6765\u4e5f\u8981\u5728\u7236\u9762\u524d\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4ed6\uff08\u592a\u534133\uff09\u3002\u6545\u72af\u4e0b\u53db\u6559\u5927\u7f6a\u7684\uff0c\u8457\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5bb9\u9976\u6055\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u6b4c\u9882\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u3001\u9119\u89c6\u9003\u907f\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff1b\u8981\u662f\u9003\u907f\u6b89\u9053\u5df2\u5c5e\u4e0d\u53ef\u539f\u8c05\uff0c\u90a3\u516c\u5f00\u53db\u6559\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u66f4\u7f6a\u5927\u6076\u6781\u4e86\u3002\u53db\u6559\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9020\u6210\u6781\u574f\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u5931\u5374\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u65e2\u7eca\u5012\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u7eca\u5012\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7f6a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bdb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u88ab\u6355\u5f8c\uff0c\u66fe\u575a\u51b3\u7acb\u610f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u5c1a\u672a\u884c\u5211\u4ee5\u5148\uff0c\u8feb\u5bb3\u4fbf\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4fa5\u5e78\u9003\u51fa\u751f\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u4fe1\u8005\u3002\uff08Confessors\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4fe1\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77\u8003\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u575a\u5b88\u771f\u7406\u800c\u5907\u5f53\u82e6\u5384\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bb6\u7834\u4eba\u4ea1\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u53db\u6559\u800c\u5f97\u4fdd\u8eab\u5bb6\u6027\u547d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u56e2\u5951\u3001\u5d07\u62dc\u3001\u9886\u53d7\u5723\u9910\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u662f\u8bf4\u58f0\u62b1\u6b49\u4fbf\u53ef\u5c06\u53db\u6559\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u4e00\u7b14\u52fe\u9500\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u4ed8\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5c82\u975e\u662f\u767d\u8d39\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u65bc\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5e94\u5426\u63a5\u7eb3\u53db\u6559\u8005\u91cd\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8bf8\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u80fd\u5426\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u751a\u9ebd\u7f6a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d66\u514d\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u80fd\u5426\u5bb9\u7eb3\u66fe\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u7b80\u4e2d\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u6094\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\u4e0e\u9976\u6055\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u516c\u4e49\u53ca\u5bf9\u5fe0\u8d1e\u8005\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53eb\u4eba\u4f24\u900f\u8111\u7b4b\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u53db\u6559\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u56de\u6559\u4f1a\u8005\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4fa5\u5e78\u7559\u5b58\u6027\u547d\u7684\u8ba4\u4fe1\u8005\u4e3a\u591a\u3002\u6545\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u63a5\u7eb3\u53db\u6559\u8005\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u5c06\u66fe\u7ecf\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u5c3d\u6570\u62d2\u8bf8\u95e8\u5916\u7684\u3002\u5e73\u60c5\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u53db\u6559\u8005\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u8feb\u65bc\u65e0\u5948\u624d\u5356\u4e3b\u6c42\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u51fa\u65bc\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u51fa\u65bc\u5404\u6837\u73b0\u5b9e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e43\u4e3b\u5f20\u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u7eb3\u65b0\u6559\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u906d\u5230\u8ba4\u4fe1\u8005\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u65e2\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u56fd\u5951\uff0c\u5c82\u5bb9\u66fe\u7ecf\u53db\u6559\u5931\u8282\u7684\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u63a5\u7eb3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ece\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u9003\u907f\u8feb\u5bb3\u800c\u8fdc\u8d70\u4ed6\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u5c45\u666e\u826f\uff0c\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u4e3b\u5f20\u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u7eb3\u53db\u6559\u8005\u7684\u884c\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u62db\u6765\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u65e2\u7136\u5c5e\u65bc\u9003\u907f\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4fbf\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u504f\u8892\u53db\u6559\u8005\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u957f\u8001\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\uff08Novatian\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u76db\u671f\u7ea6\u4e3a250\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51e1\u662f\u72af\u4e0b\u8c0b\u6740\u3001\u5978\u6deb\u53ca\u53db\u6559\u7f6a\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8d66\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\u7684\u6743\u67c4\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6b64\u7b49\u4eba\u5931\u6389\u4e86\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u8be5\u6c38\u8fdc\u706d\u4ea1\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u6559\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba3\u544a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f6a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u8d66\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7559\u5f85\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b9a\u593a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8bfa\u6d3c\u592d\u53cd\u5bf9\u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u7eb3\u53db\u6559\u8005\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e3b\u6559\u54e5\u5c3c\u6d41\uff08Cornelius\uff09\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u6709\u6743\u8d66\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u6545\u575a\u6301\u63a5\u7eb3\u53db\u6559\u8005\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u5408\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u54e5\u5c3c\u6d41\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e43\u5ba3\u5e03\u8131\u79bb\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u3002\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ffd\u968f\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u6b64\u7b49\u8ffd\u968f\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6563\u5c45\u65bc\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u53ca\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u516d\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff08\u3000257\uff0d258\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u74e6\u52d2\u826f\uff08\u3000Valerian\uff0c253\uff0d260\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u53c8\u518d\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u6559\u4f1a\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u957f\u8001\u4e3b\u6559\u88ab\u5904\u4ee5\u6781\u5211\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c45\u666e\u826f\u7ec8\u65bc\u6b89\u9053\u4e86\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u74e6\u52d2\u826f\u5728\u4f4d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c\u5230260\u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u5927\u519b\u51fb\u8d25\u7f57\u9a6c\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u74e6\u52d2\u826f\u88ab\u4fd8\u864f\uff0c\u8feb\u5bb3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9042\u544a\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u60e8\u70c8\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u8fd8\u5728\u5f8c\u5934\u5462\u3002284\u5e74\uff0c\u524d\u53c8\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u7ee7\u4efb\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u660e\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\uff0c\u6781\u6b32\u91cd\u632f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6614\u65e5\u7684\u58f0\u5a01\uff0c\u6545\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u91cd\u6574\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u5207\u6559\u4f1a\u805a\u4f1a\uff1b\u4ed6\u6bd4\u5fb7\u4fee\u8981\u806a\u660e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e3b\u6559\u53ca\u957f\u8001\u7b49\u9886\u8896\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u529b\u56fe\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u5f7b\u5e95\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8d77\u6740\u9e21\u6548\u7334\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8feb\u4ee4\u4fe1\u5f92\u53db\u6559\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u7684\u653f\u4ee4\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5927\u5f7b\u5e95\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u529b\u5df2\u5927\u4e0d\u5982\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u592a\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff1b\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5317\u975e\u53ca\u4e1c\u65b9\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5219\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u5f92\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u5f92\u53db\u6559\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c305\u5e74\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5eb7\u58eb\u5766\u4e22\uff1f\u514b\u7f57\u5982\u53ca\u52a0\u5229\u6d41\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u8feb\u5bb3\u9042\u544a\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u53cd\u54cd\uff1a\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5fb7\u4fee\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e22\u514b\u7406\u7530\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u540c\u6837\u4ee4\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u4e0a\u6b21\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e2\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e3b\u6559\u6216\u6559\u58eb\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u53db\u6559\u8005\u4fbf\u81ea\u7136\u5927\u591a\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u9636\u5c42\u4e86\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5929\u771f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u7684\u53db\u6559\u7387\u4f1a\u8f83\u5c11\u5427\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u5b5f\u82cf\u91cc\uff08\u3000Mensurius\uff0c\u3000311\u901d\u4e16\uff09\u4fbf\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8feb\u5bb3\u671f\u95f4\u505c\u6b62\u4e3e\u884c\u805a\u4f1a\uff1b\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e3b\u6559\u9a6c\u6492\u62c9\u8def\uff08Marcellinus\uff0c304\u901d\u4e16\uff09\u66f4\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u7f34\u51fa\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u8feb\u5bb3\u8fc7\u5f8c\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u56de\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u91cd\u4efb\u4e3b\u6559\u7b49\u9886\u5bfc\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u745f\u897f\u91cc\u5b89\uff08Caecilian\uff0c\u7ea6345\u901d\u4e16\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u671f\u95f4\u5145\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ea0\u5bdf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6709\u4eba\u8fd0\u9001\u98df\u7269\u7ed9\u88ab\u56da\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff1b\u3000\u4f46\u5728\u8feb\u5bb3\u7ed3\u675f\u5f8c\u4e0d\u72ec\u5b98\u590d\u539f\u804c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63a5\u4efb\u5b5f\u82cf\u91cc\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u5f15\u8d77\u4fe1\u5f92\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u53db\u6559\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u6545\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u53db\u6559\u8005\u80fd\u5426\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u53db\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u6c34\u793c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d2f\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e86\uff1b\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u62db\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5723\u793c\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u6d3e\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u800c\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Donatism\uff09\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u7236\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff08Augustine\u3000of\u3000Hippo\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8be6\u53c2\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bfe\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u82b1\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u63a7\u2014\u2014\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ca\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u6240\u884c\u7684\u5723\u793c\u65e0\u6548\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u51fa\u7b54\u8fa9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u7231\u800c\u975e\u5723\u6d01\u3002\u5723\u6d01\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8be5\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5374\u53c8\u603b\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e0d\u6d01\u4e0d\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u63a5\u7eb3\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e1d\u7684\u4e0d\u6d01\uff0c\u52a8\u8f84\u4ee5\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f1a\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5206\u88c2\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6781\u5177\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5723\u793c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u7aef\u5728\u4e4e\u8bbe\u7acb\u5723\u793c\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u65bd\u884c\u5723\u793c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6c34\u793c\u53ca\u5723\u9910\u793c\u662f\u7531\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5723\u793c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf4\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5723\u793c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e43\u53d6\u51b3\u65bc\u65bd\u884c\u5723\u793c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u5f53\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u53d7\u6c34\u793c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u67e5\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u4fe1\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u5723\u793c\u5f92\u7136\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba9\u7267\u5e08\u6765\u67e5\u95ee\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fb7\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u82b1\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5e94\u4ed8\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u6d3e\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5fc3\u5e73\u6c14\u548c\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8bba\u8fa9\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u6d3e\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eec\u72af\u4e86\u751a\u9ebd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6559\u4f1a\u5bb9\u7eb3\u72af\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u884c\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u632f\u632f\u6709\u8f9e\u3001\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\u7684\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6301\u5e73\u800c\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u6d3e\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u7ee7\u4f4d\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000312\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u571f\u5766\u4e01\u5728\u9ea6\u52d2\u5371\u5b89\u6865\u4e4b\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b7\u542f\u793a\u9760\u6b64\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u540d\u53f7\u800c\u5f97\u80dc\u3002\u4ed6\u5728313\u5e74\u51ef\u65cb\u5f52\u6765\u5f8c\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u534f\u540c\u7406\u5409\u7ebd\u9881\u5e03\u7c73\u5170\u4e0a\u8c15\uff0c\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u8feb\u5bb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5bf9\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7814\u7a76\u541b\u6c0f\u8981\u6c42\u7f57\u9a6c\u5168\u56fd\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u800c\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5949\u884c\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\uff08\u5be1\u5934\u653f\u6cbb\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u591a\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3002\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u9664\u4e86\u85c9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u6743\u529b\u6549\u5e73\u7fa4\u96c4\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5728\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5916\uff1b\u4ed6\u66f4\u8981\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u6709\u8fd9\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8d4b\u4e88\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u3001\u795e\u5723\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\uff07\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388\uff07\u3002\u6b63\u5408\u5176\u6240\u7528\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u4e1c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\uff0c\u90fd\u7528\u541b\u6743\u795e\u63d0\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u62f1\u536b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e00\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5929\u754c\u82e5\u975e\u4ec5\u5f97\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6549\u5e73\u7fa4\u795e\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4f4d\u795e\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u795e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5929\u82e5\u6709\u4e8c\u795e\uff0c\u6c11\u4fbf\u53ef\u6709\u4e8c\u4e3b\uff0c\u90a3\u541b\u6743\u662f\u5426\u795e\u6388\u4fbf\u90fd\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u4e86\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u8bc9\u8bf8\u795e\u660e\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7687\u6743\u662f\u5426\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u751a\u9ebd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u591a\u795e\u5b97\u6559\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u541b\u6743\u82e5\u7531\u795e\u6388\uff0c\u6388\u6743\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u4ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5b9e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u65e9\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u662f\u4e00\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7406\u578b\uff08Absolute\u3000idea\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e00\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u4e2d\u671f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff07\u3000\uff0cMiddleplatonism\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u541b\u4e3b\u4ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8981\u5bfb\u89c5\u4e00\u4f4d\u5168\u80fd\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4f5c\u9ad8\u4eba\u95f4\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u62c5\u4fdd\u4eba\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u756a\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u5021\u592a\u9633\u795e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u5e0c\u7f57\u6587\u5316\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u591a\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e00\u4f4d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u675c\u601d\u91cc\uff08\u3000Par\u3000Alain\u3000Ducelliar\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6570\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7f57\u9a6c\u541b\u4e3b\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u795e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u541b\u6c0f\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62f1\u536b\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u795e\u5723\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u300e\u666e\u5929\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u738b\u571f\u300f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\u76f8\u5f53\u7b26\u5408\u60c5\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u534e\u6765\u58eb\uff08Anthony\u3000F\uff0eC\uff0e\u3000Wallace\uff09\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u91cd\u632f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff07\u3000Revitalization\u3000Movement\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5949\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u5df2\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u793e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0a\u81f3\u541b\u4e3b\u4e0b\u81f3\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u590d\u82cf\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u8131\u56f0\uff1b\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u673a\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u4e3a\u590d\u5174\u7f57\u9a6c\u6587\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u52a8\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u4e16\u4fd7\u541b\u738b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u6279\u51c6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u6b65\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5949\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4e16\u4fd7\u541b\u738b\u4f1a\u5355\u7eaf\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8003\u8651\u53bb\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7688\u4f9d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u4f46\u6279\u51c6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u5b97\u6559\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u6000\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6bcb\u987b\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u6bcb\u987b\u56e0\u5176\u52a8\u673a\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7eaf\u6b63\uff0c\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u541b\u571f\u5766\u4e01\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u8457\u7231\u4e3b\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5949\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u541b\u6c0f\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u5949\u5230\u751a\u9ebd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u542f\u4eba\u7591\u7aa6\u7684\u3002\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u5411\u592a\u9633\u795e\u732e\u796d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e34\u7ec8\u524d\u624d\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6c34\u793c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u6500\u5347\u81f3\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8d77\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5728\u4f4d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u53d6\u7f14\u5f02\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u4eba\u732e\u796d\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e9b\u654c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5e99\u5b87\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u81fb\u53d7\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u94fa\u8def\u3002\u541b\u6c0f\u53c8\u59d4\u4efb\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u514d\u53bb\u6559\u58eb\u626a\u7684\u5175\u5f79\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5f53\u65f6\u4fe1\u5949\u4f20\u7edf\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u6570\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u541b\u6c0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u4f5c\u51fa\u5927\u53d8\u52a8\uff1b\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5404\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4eba\u6539\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u4f8b\u5982326\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u503c\u541b\u6c0f\u5e86\u795d\u5176\u767b\u4f4d\u4e8c\u5341\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u5728\u90b1\u5f7c\u7279\uff08Jupiter\uff09\u795e\u5e99\u62dc\u796d\uff0c\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\u795d\u9882\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u89e6\u6012\u4e86\u541b\u6c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u5373\u4e25\u8d23\u58eb\u5175\u6b64\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u5f53\uff1b\u4f46\u56e0\u6b64\u5374\u60f9\u8d77\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u7684\u54d7\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d28\u95ee\u7687\u5e1d\u662f\u5426\u5168\u9762\u80cc\u5f03\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u541b\u6c0f\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u91c7\u53d6\u8f83\u98d8\u5ffd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u5f02\u6559\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u957f\u671f\u5141\u51c6\u5f02\u6559\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u4ed6\u65e2\u63a8\u4e3e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4e0d\u6562\u8d38\u7136\u5c06\u4e4b\u5347\u683c\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u541b\u6c0f\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e22\uff08Constantius\uff0c337\uff0d361\uff09\u5373\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u8f83\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u538b\u6291\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728357\u5e74\uff0c\u632a\u6389\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u796d\u575b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e22\u672b\u51e0\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u5e1d\u4f4d\u7531\u541b\u6c0f\u4e4b\u4f84\u72b9\u5229\u5b89\uff08Julian\uff09\u7ee7\u4efb\uff08361\u5e74\uff09\u4ed6\u9510\u610f\u8981\u590d\u5174\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5e0c\u7f57\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u5f02\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u53cd\u5f39\uff0c\u5e76\u59a8\u788d\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u6559\u5316\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9020\u6210\u592a\u5927\u7684\u59a8\u788d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ec1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u5f02\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5219\u9003\u4e0d\u4e86\u5f0f\u5fae\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u5728\u72b9\u5229\u5b89\u6b7b\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fc5\u901f\u91cd\u593a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u5012\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6388\u8457\u662f\u683c\u62c9\u5178\uff08Gratian\uff1b\u3000349\u2026379\uff09\u53ca\u63d0\u963f\u591a\u4fee\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Thcodosius\u3000I\uff1b\u3000379\uff0d395\uff09\u76f8\u7ee7\u5f53\u653f\uff0c\u5728\u7c73\u5170\u4e3b\u6559\u5b89\u6ce2\u7f57\u4fee\uff08Ambrose\u3000of\u3000Milan\uff0c\u53c2\u9875\u3000110\uff0d111\uff09\u7684\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5f02\u6559\u6b63\u5f0f\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u5168\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u7ecf\u5386\u56db\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ec8\u65bc\u6210\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\uff0e\u653f\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4ece\u5c0f\u6559\u6d3e\u53d8\u6210\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5df2\u4ece\u5c0f\u6559\u6d3e\uff08Sect\uff09\u4e00\u53d8\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\uff08Chuch\u3000\uff09\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u53ca\u5f00\u62d3\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff1b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u9010\u6e10\u5185\u5316\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u8fa9\u62a4\u53ca\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u95f4\u4e8b\u7269\u91c7\u53d6\u6000\u7591\u4e0e\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u654c\u6211\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u6d88\u6781\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u5984\u60f3\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u8981\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u662f\u5f53\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f97\u5bf9\u5404\u6837\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u6001\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u80a9\u8d1f\u5728\u5efa\u5236\u5185\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\uff07\u5728\u671d\uff07\u3000\u4e0e\uff07\u5728\u91ce\uff07\u3000\u7684\u5206\u522b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u901a\u7f09\u72af\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u7528\u5bf9\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6267\u6cd5\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u9700\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u804c\u8d23\u6240\u5728\u5462\uff01\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65e2\u7136\u662f\uff07\u5728\u671d\uff07\u4e4b\u8eab\uff0c\u4fbf\u987b\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u516c\u4f17\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6559\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u632a\u79fb\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6db5\u62ec\u9762\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5927\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ea6\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u795e\u79d8\u5b97\u6559\uff08Mystical\u3000Religion\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8fc7\u6e21\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5b97\u6559\uff08Positive\u3000Religion\uff09\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u79d8\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9053\u6559\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u795e\u79d8\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e3b\u884c\u8e2a\u8be1\u79d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\u6d53\u539a\u3001\u83ab\u6d4b\u9ad8\u6df1\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8be5\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u795e\u79d8\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u5bf9\u73b0\u4e16\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u54b1\u5bb6\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8d56\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4e0d\u5c11\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u770b\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7075\u6069\u6d3e\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7684\uff09\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6ca6\u843d\u4e3a\u53ea\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u533b\u75c5\u3001\u8d76\u9b3c\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u4e0e\u516c\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u53ea\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f70\u663e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u65e0\u6d89\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u95ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56fd\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u7aa5\u89c1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5927\u80fd\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u3000\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9700\u8981\u9762\u8fce\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u9762\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d28\u8be2\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6559\u4f1a\u8d23\u65e0\u65c1\u8d37\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u907f\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u65e0\u7591\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8be5\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f97\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5b83\u5b9e\u8df5\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u6240\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u56fa\u7136\u6709\u5b83\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u95f4\u667a\u6167\u548c\u5b66\u8bf4\u76f8\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5374\u5f97\u7528\u4eba\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u4eba\u95f4\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u5b66\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\uff07\u5c0f\u6559\u6d3e\uff07\u3000\u4e0e\uff07\u6559\u4f1a\uff07\u3000\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u522b\u6240\u5728\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u5730\uff08\u6216\u4ee5\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u6240\u5c5e\u793e\u7fa4\u5bf9\u5176\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6289\u62e9\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6289\u62e9\u5bf9\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6240\u5c5e\u793e\u7fa4\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u9645\u4eba\u6570\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6c38\u8fdc\u5c5e\u65bc\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u7c7b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4fbf\u5927\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u6c11\u90fd\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\uff07\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff07\u3000\uff0c\u505a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6210\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u6289\u62e9\u7684\uff08\u5f53\u5a74\u5b69\u6d17\u793c\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u9010\u6e10\u666e\u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e3e\u624b\u51b3\u5fd7\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcb\u5eb8\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e25\u8083\u601d\u7d22\u3001\u90d1\u91cd\u6289\u62e9\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u751a\u96be\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u53d8\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u606a\u5b88\u4e00\u5957\u5957\u5b97\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7b49\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5916\u5728\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ec\u547d\u7684\u5bfb\u7d22\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u5f92\u7d20\u8d28\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f53\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7d20\u8d28\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u964d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u7518\u613f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6446\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6837\u5fe0\u8d1e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u964d\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u6025\u589e\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u5c0f\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u590d\u80fd\u5438\u7eb3\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u8005\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u800c\u5174\u7684\u662f\u7267\u533a\uff08parish\uff09\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u6216\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u5730\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u522b\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u754c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53cd\u6b63\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5f92\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8be5\u884c\u653f\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u662f\u8003\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9c\u63a5\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u6559\u533a\uff08diocese\uff09\u3001\u6559\u7701\uff08province\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f9d\u5faa\u8457\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u884c\u653f\u5355\u4f4d\u800c\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u7267\u533a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4fe1\u5f92\u95f4\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u822c\u5b9a\u65bc1\u67086\u65e5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u5219\u6cbf\u752812\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u800c\u5c061\u67086\u65e5\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u663e\u8282\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e5f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u5d07\u62dc\u5f02\u6559\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u632a\u7528\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6d0b\u70db\u3001\u9999\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u76f2\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u662f\u8df5\u884c\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u60c5\u4ea6\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u5957\u793c\u4eea\u884c\u4e3a\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7531\u5f02\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u8f6c\u81f3\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u6539\u6362\u4e86\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u9980\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u656c\u62dc\u65b0\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6614\u65e5\u5bf9\u5f02\u6559\u795e\u660e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u53ca\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u5723\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u5f62\u65e0\u4f53\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u50cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ea\u597d\u4e3a\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u53ca\u5723\u4eba\u9020\u50cf\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u60c5\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5411\u5723\u4eba\u656c\u793c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u76d6\u7684\u6559\u5802\u662f\u5efa\u9020\u5728\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u53ca\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u575f\u8314\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u4f9b\u4eba\u671d\u5723\u7684\u5723\u5730\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5723\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5f02\u6559\u795e\u53ea\u7684\u539f\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fdd\uff08\u5b88\u62a4\u5723\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u5f7c\u5f97\u53ca\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e24\u5927\u4f7f\u5f92\u6240\u4eb2\u81ea\u5b88\u62a4\u7684\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u6b89\u9053\u3002\uff09\u5176\u4e2d\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u4f0a\u897f\u65af\uff08Isis\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u79f0\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3a\uff07\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6bcd\uff07\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u53f7\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u5907\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e00\u53d8\u800c\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5916\uff0c\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u4e86\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u62c5\u5f53\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdb\u4eba\u6743\u529b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5236\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5174\u9769\uff0c\u6765\u4fc3\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u518d\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u80fd\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u7ecf\u5386\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5f03\u7edd\u3001\u88ab\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u6e23\u6ed3\u4e0e\u611a\u8005\uff1a\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u6709\u8363\u8000\u4e0e\u6743\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5b73\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u4f1a\u6253\u8457\u300c\u5c06\u6700\u597d\u7684\u732e\u7ed9\u4e3b\u7684\u540d\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u4e0a\u7684\u94fa\u5f20\u8c6a\u5962\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u7ade\u76f8\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e86\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\u4e0e\u8d2b\u82e6\u65e0\u544a\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u5bb9\u60c5\u5730\u5bf9\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u5c55\u5f00\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5de6\u53f3\uff1b\u4f46\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5374\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u53ca\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4e98\u53d7\u8457\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6392\u6324\u4e0e\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u8feb\u5bb3\u4ea6\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e25\u9177\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5374\u521a\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u800c\u4e0d\u5815\uff1b\u4f46\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u5374\u4e0d\u5927\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea6\u7531\u521d\u671f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6301\u5b88\u7684\u524d\u5e72\u79a7\u5e74\u672b\u4e16\u8bba\uff0c\u8f6c\u5230\u5f8c\u6765\u7684\u65e0\u5e72\u79a7\u5e74\u672b\u4e16\u8bba\u3002\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u5bf9\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u65e0\u5e72\u79a7\u5e74\u8bba\u8005\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eca\u751f\u4e0e\u6765\u4e16\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u4e2a\u65ad\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5bf9\u73b0\u4e16\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u6709\u8f83\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u73b0\u4e16\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u8574\u8457\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65e0\u5e72\u79a7\u5e74\u672b\u4e16\u8bba\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u56fd\u6559\u5316\u5f8c\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8457\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u8bd5\u5206\u6790\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300d\uff0e\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u548c\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u8bd5\u5206\u522b\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e4b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u7eb3\u90a3\u4e9b\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e2d\u53db\u6559\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u6216\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56e0\u800c\u5206\u88c2\uff1b\u4f60\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bfe\u9898\u6709\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u662f\u56db\u81f3\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u9002\u503c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8715\u53d8\u4e4c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8eab\u5206\u4e0a\u7686\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u5e1d\u56fd\u6b63\u9762\u5bf9\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ea6\u5907\u53d7\u51b2\u51fb\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u51fa\u6df1\u523b\u800c\u5177\u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6559\u4f1a\u6e21\u8fc7\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5371\u96be\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5927\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u670d\u4f8d\u5176\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08a\u3000theologian\u3000of\u3000his\u3000time\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u53c8\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u8def\u5411\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4f20\u7edf\u300d\uff08Augustinian\u3000tradition\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u62df\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u4ec5\u6b21\u65bc\u5723\u7ecf\uff1b\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f8c\u7ee7\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u6574\u7406\u800c\u5df2\uff08\u3000Augustinian\u3000Synthesis\uff09\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eca\u5929\u79f0\u4e3a\u7075\u4fee\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u548c\u7531\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u7075\u7a0b\u5b66\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7075\u4fee\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08mystics\uff09\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6cbf\u88ad\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u5965\u6c0f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0e\uff08Augustinian\u3000Order\uff0c\u53c2\u9875156\uff0d157\uff09\uff1b\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u63a8\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u751a\u5c11\u53d7\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5927\u6982\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u6027\u672c\u5584\u6216\u4eba\u6027\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u4e3a\u5584\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u538b\u5012\u6027\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u53c8\u53d7\u60e0\u65bc\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u6df1\u523b\u7cbe\u5fae\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7075\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u597d\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4eca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u5730\u4f4d\u4ecd\u7136\u5d07\u9ad8\uff08\u5927\u62b5\u4ec5\u6b21\u65bc\u6c64\u9a6c\u65af\uff1f\u963f\u594e\u90a3\uff08Thomas\u3000Aquinas\uff0c1227\uff0d1274\uff09\uff3d\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8be5\u662f\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u524d\u82b8\u82b8\u4f17\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u88ab\u5fb5\u5f15\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u5bf9\uff07\u60df\u72ec\u6069\u5178\uff07\u7684\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e0a\u627f\u4fdd\u7f57\uff0c\u4e0b\u63a5\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u5e7f\u7eb3\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ca\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0d\u4e3a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6709\u5173\u5965\u6c0f\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u5965\u6c0f\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u662f\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u4f11\u6559\u6388\u67e5\u7ef4\uff08\u3000Henry\u3000Chadwick\uff09\u6240\u5199\u7684\u3000Augustine\u3000\uff08Oxford\uff1aOxford\u3000Up\uff0c1986\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u660e\u6e05\u6670\u53ca\u6df1\u5165\u6d45\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u610f\u4f5c\u8fdb\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u65bd\u5404\uff08T\u3002Kermit\u3000Scott\uff09\u7684\u8fd1\u8457\u3000Augustine\uff0e\u3000His\u3000Thought\u3000in\u3000Context\uff08\u3000New\u3000York\uff1a\u3000PaulistPress\uff0c\u30001995\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8457\u8ff0\u90fd\u6709\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u5219\u5be5\u5be5\u53ef\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u5012\u6709\u5168\u8bd1\u672c\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u9605\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u662f\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b\uff08\u3000The\u3000City\u3000of\u3000God\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8bd1\u4e3a\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1971\uff09\u3000\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5168\u8bd1\u672c\u662f\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5434\u5b97\u6587\u6240\u6267\u7b14\u7684\uff0c\u8bd1\u7b14\u4e0d\u4fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u76f4\u63a5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u514d\u53bb\u7531\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\u8f6c\u8bd1\u6240\u5f15\u81f4\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7b14\u8bef\u3002\u5434\u541b\u6587\u7b14\u6d41\u7545\u60a6\u76ee\uff0c\u4e0e\u574a\u95f4\u5145\u585e\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u4ff1\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u6ee5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8bed\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u662f\uff08\u5fcf\u6094\u5f55\u300b\uff08Confessions\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u521d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b66\u8005\u5f90\u5b9d\u8c26\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08\u672a\u51fa\u7248\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u4eca\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5e94\u67ab\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5149\u542f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1976\uff09\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5468\u58eb\u826f\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1963\uff09\u6240\u8bd1\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u7531\u6cd5\u6587\u8bd1\u51fa\uff0c\u6587\u7b14\u751a\u4f73\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u6781\u4e30\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u8457\u4e3a\u300a\u8bba\u4e09\u4e00\u300b\uff08Onthe\u3000Trnity\uff09\u548c\u300a\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u300b\uff08On\u3000Free\u3000Will\uff09\uff0c\u7686\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c1972\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6c64\u6e05\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e76\u7eb3\u5165\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5386\u4ee3\u540d\u8457\u96c6\u6210\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea6\u9009\u8bd1\u4e86\u5965\u6c0f\u597d\u4e9b\u795e\u5b66\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u8bba\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0e\u5b88\u8d1e\u5b88\u8282\u300b\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u795e\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6559\u7236\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u7236\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6559\u7236\uff08Church\u3000Fathers\uff09\u662f\u6307\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5fe0\u52c7\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u53ca\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u88ab\u5f8c\u4e16\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u5c0a\u5d07\uff0c\u5e76\u5c0a\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff08\u6559\u4f1a\u5411\u6765\u6709\u79f0\u7267\u8005\u4e3a\u7236\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u522b\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5c9b\u7684\u9ed1\u793e\u4f1a\u5934\u76ee\uff08god\u3000fathers\uff09\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u540d\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u89c1\u8bc1\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u51ed\u8457\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5760\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53ca\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u5fc3\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u4f5c\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ece\u672a\u56e0\u4e3a\u906d\u5230\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u589e\u957f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u4e0d\u987e\u751f\u6b7b\u5b89\u5371\u7684\u4eba\u575a\u6301\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u867d\u5904\u65bc\u5730\u4e0b\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u901f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fde\u756a\u8feb\u5bb3\u65e0\u679c\u5f8c\u6539\u5f26\u6613\u8f99\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u4e43\u81f3\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8349\u521b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5360\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f72\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u793c\u4eea\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u65e5\u5f8c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u6559\u7236\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9648\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6559\u7236\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u5e0c\u7f57\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u840c\u751f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5d07\u5c1a\u7406\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u8bba\u8bf4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u9610\u91ca\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e00\u4e2a\u5351\u8d31\u3001\u611a\u6627\u3001\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u8ff7\u4fe1\u53ca\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u55bb\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3b\u5f20\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u5e94\u5bf9\u65f6\u4ee3\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u91c7\u7eb3\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u8bba\u8bf4\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8038\u8a00\u96c5\u5178\u4e0e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u9053\u7406\u672c\u5e94\u662f\u4e16\u4eba\u770b\u4e3a\u611a\u62d9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u504f\u6fc0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u60df\u4ed6\u4eec\u603b\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u51fa\u65bc\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u8bf8\u822c\u667a\u6167\u632a\u53bb\u59a8\u788d\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u56e0\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bb2\u8bba\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u798f\u97f3\u5236\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u8bf4\u798f\u97f3\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u547d\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4eba\uff3f\u7684\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u4e0e\u4eba\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u8bdd\u53ef\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u5efa\u6784\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7406\u6027\u9648\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u501f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u5e0c\u7f57\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u8bba\u8fa9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u95f4\u5b66\u8bf4\u66f4\u7cbe\u5999\u5408\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u62a4\u6559\u4e0e\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6559\u7236\u53c2\u4e0e\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6ca1\u6709\u9057\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7eb2\u8981\uff0c\u8fde\u7b80\u7565\u7684\u8981\u7406\u95ee\u7b54\u4ea6\u4ed8\u9619\u5982\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f7f\u5f92\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5f92\u6210\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u53e3\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u53e3\u8ff0\u4f20\u64ad\u662f\u8fc5\u901f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u53e3\u8ff0\u4f20\u64ad\u4ea6\u6709\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u9057\u4f5a\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u7ade\u96c4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u662f\u4ee5\u8bed\u5f55\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5c11\u5df2\u62bd\u79bb\u4e86\u539f\u6765\u8bb2\u8bba\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u5883\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u9274\u522b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6291\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u53d8\u5356\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\uff07\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u5417\uff1f\uff09\uff1b\u53c8\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u8bad\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u8c10\u534f\u4e92\u8865\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5c06\u8036\u7a23\u7559\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bb2\u8bba\u62fc\u51d1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56fe\u753b\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u8d44\u6599\u7f16\u8f91\u6210\u5404\u5377\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u7ea6\u4e66\u5377\u6210\u4e66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65b0\u7ea6\u6210\u4e66\u53ea\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u300e\u8036\u7a23\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\u751a\u9ebd\u8bdd\uff1f\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5145\u5206\u56de\u7b54\u300e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u662f\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f\u300f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u5b57\u53e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5219\u5173\u4e4e\u5176\u5185\u5728\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u8bf8\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5230\u5e95\u5e94\u4f5c\u4f55\u4e8b\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u8457\u6c38\u751f\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ddf\u968f\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u8be5\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7ef4\u6301\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u4f7f\u547d\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7236\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fbf\u6d89\u53ca\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u3002\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u65e0\u7591\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u9020\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u6240\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\u4fbf\u90fd\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3\uff1b\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ecd\u5f85\u5f8c\u4e16\u6559\u7236\u52aa\u529b\u4f5c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u5efa\u6784\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u65bc\u5728\u5730\u7406\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u8fe5\u5f02\u3002\u4e1c\u65b9\u4ee5\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5219\u4ee5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e3a\u6bcd\u8bed\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u79f0\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3a\u300c\u5e0c\u814a\u6559\u4f1a\u300d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u8bd7\u300c\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u4f1a\u300d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4eca\u5929\u897f\u6b27\u8bf8\u56fd\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6614\u65e5\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5148\u8fdb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8f83\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3a\u665a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u51c6\u4ea6\u8fdc\u900a\u65bc\u4e1c\u65b9\u3002\u4e1c\u65b9\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u5927\u653e\u5f02\u5f69\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7cbe\u82f1\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u4e1c\u65b9\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u4f1a\u56e0\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9694\u819c\uff0c\u8fde\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bae\u9898\u5927\u62b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u4e86\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u65bc\u843d\u5f8c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u81f3\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u59cb\u6e10\u6b21\u8fce\u5934\u8d76\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e14\u51fa\u73b0\u597d\u4e9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5446\u677f\u65b9\u6b63\u3001\u5faa\u89c4\u8e48\u77e9\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cbe\u5bc6\u63a8\u7406\u6216\u7384\u60f3\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5e76\u4e0d\u70ed\u8877\uff1b\u6545\u897f\u65b9\u795e\u5b66\u8f83\u8457\u91cd\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5723\u793c\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\u7b49\u4e1c\u65b9\u795e\u5b66\u8bae\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\uff0e\u52c7\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5728354\u5e74\u751f\u65bc\u5317\u975e\u7684\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\uff08Thagaste\uff0c\u4eca\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6240\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u6240\u8c13Roman\u3000Africa\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\u62e5\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u7530\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5bcc\u6709\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6210\u957f\u548c\u5c31\u5b66\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\uff3f\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u587e\u5f0f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e61\u95f4\u7684\u79c1\u587e\u8001\u5e08\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u6c14\u548c\u5b66\u95ee\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u662f\u52e4\u594b\u597d\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u559c\u7231\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u81ea\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u540d\u8457\u800c\u5f97\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5747\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u7c97\u901a\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\u8fdc\u79bb\u62c9\u4e01\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u665a\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u5c81\u4ee5\u5f8c\u624d\u8ba4\u771f\u94bb\u7814\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Neo\uff0dPlatonism\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000371\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u624d\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5230\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\uff08Carthage\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5317\u975e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u91cd\u9547\u5b66\u4e60\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u9020\u8be3\u6108\u53d1\u8fdb\u6df1\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u5728\u4fe1\u4e3b\u524d\uff0c\u9664\u6709\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u6559\u6388\u521d\u7ea7\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u636e\u4ed6\u81ea\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u559c\u6b22\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bd7\u4eba\u897f\u585e\u7f57\uff08Cicero\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u62c9\u4e01\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u547c\u5401\u4eba\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u7531\u8089\u6b32\u6240\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5feb\u4e50\u53ea\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u4ece\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5978\u5927\u6076\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8ddf\u4e00\u822c\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6052\u5e38\u53d7\u60c5\u6b32\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u624d\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\u4fbf\u5df2\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u540c\u5c45\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u4e14\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u6df1\u6df1\u89e6\u52a8\u5965\u6c0f\uff0c\u9a71\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8ffd\u5bfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u5230\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u4ecd\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5f15\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u6240\u8bfb\u7684\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8499\u5c3c\u5361\uff08Monica\uff09\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u76fc\u671b\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff1b\u5728\u5979\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u795e\u8bdd\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5217\u7956\u53cc\u91cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6df1\u611f\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u77e5\u8005\u7684\u5351\u8d31\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4ed6\u5b81\u53ef\u8f6c\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u5360\u661f\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf\u88ab\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff08Manichaeism\uff09\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5728\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u7559\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1a\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u662f\u6469\u5c3c\uff08\u3000Mani\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u4eba\uff0c\u5c06\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u62dc\u706b\u6559\uff08\u3000Zoroastrianism\uff09\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u3000Gnosticism\u3000\uff09\u7248\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e1c\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u5b97\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u786e\u8ba4\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b21\u7b49\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u5230\u4e16\u4e0a\u6765\u4e3a\u8981\u666e\u6e21\u4f17\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8036\u7a23\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u672a\u66fe\u771f\u6b63\u51fa\u751f\u6216\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6469\u5c3c\u76f4\u6307\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u5e94\u8bb8\u8d50\u4e0b\u7684\u4fdd\u60e0\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u72b9\u80dc\u8036\u7a23\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u964d\u4e16\u4e3a\u8981\u4f20\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6469\u5c3c\u6279\u8bc4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fc7\u65bc\u6392\u4ed6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u522b\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5b97\u6559\u6c72\u53d6\u667a\u6167\u3002\u4ed6\u5f7b\u5e95\u626c\u5f03\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b0\u7ea6\u7ecf\u5377\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u80af\u5b9a\u65e7\u7ea6\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u5747\u4e3a\u5f8c\u4e16\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u7a9c\u6539\u800c\u6709\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5bf9\u4eba\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u5584\u6076\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u7686\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\u3002\u4e16\u95f4\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u4e8b\u5168\u90fd\u6e90\u81ea\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5e78\u798f\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7686\u5c5e\u65bc\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\u3002\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\u4e0e\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\u65e2\u5bf9\u7acb\u53c8\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u7269\u4e43\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u8054\u5408\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90fd\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u65e2\u8574\u542b\u5584\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u6076\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4eba\u7684\u8111\u888b\u65e2\u4ea7\u751f\u826f\u5584\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e2\u7136\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6709\u5584\u6709\u6076\uff0c\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5f92\u4fbf\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u514b\u5236\u5176\u8d25\u574f\u5904\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u7f8e\u5584\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7eaf\u5168\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u826f\u5584\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u51fa\u65bc\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u8089\u4f53\u51fa\u65bc\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u6b32\u4e43\u662f\u9ed1\u6697\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff1b\u653e\u5728\u6210\u5723\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5389\u884c\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5b88\u8bb8\u591a\u98df\u7269\u7684\u7981\u6212\uff0c\u5982\u4e25\u7981\u559d\u9152\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5f7b\u5e95\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u6545\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u4e43\u5c06\u4fe1\u5f92\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7b49\uff1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u4fe1\u5f92\u548c\u4f4e\u7b49\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u4fe1\u5f92\u624d\u8981\u4e25\u5b88\u72ec\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea6\u662f\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\u6240\u7279\u522b\u9009\u53ec\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u3002\u6210\u5723\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u6069\u5149\u5f7b\u5e95\u5149\u7167\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u8d85\u51e1\u5165\u5723\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u66fe\u6709\u4e5d\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u5949\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f8c\u6765\u79bb\u6559\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u4ecd\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5584\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u82e5\u975e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6069\u5149\u7684\u7167\u4eae\uff0c\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u7531\u6076\u53d8\u5584\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u7075\u6b32\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u9c9c\u660e\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u900f\u8fc7\u9547\u538b\u8089\u4f53\u4f7f\u7075\u9b42\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9009\u53ec\uff0c\u53ca\u5728\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u5c1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u7b49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u7686\u6709\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4f55\u5965\u6c0f\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5e76\u672a\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u53d1\u73b0\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5f92\u5373\u4f7f\u5389\u884c\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u4ea6\u672a\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u514b\u80dc\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u5584\u6076\u4e89\u6597\u3002\u5728\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\uff0c\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u65e0\u7591\u4e3a\u4e16\u95f4\u7684\u5584\u6076\u7f18\u7531\u4f5c\u4e86\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6076\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u795e\u4e0e\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\u5e76\u5b58\uff1f\u65e2\u7136\u4e8c\u795e\u6027\u683c\u4e92\u5f02\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u8054\u624b\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5584\u51cc\u9a7e\u6076\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6076\u8d85\u8d8a\u76d6\uff1f\u5018\u82e5\u8fde\u5584\u795e\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u6076\u795e\u5e73\u5206\u79cb\u8272\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u4e4b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u8d25\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\uff0c\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u671f\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u6076\u795e\u7684\u8f96\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u8d8b\u5411\u5584\u795e\u5462\uff1f\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u867d\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u6076\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4f7f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08\u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u5584\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u53d8\u8bba\u8352\u8c2c\u4e0d\u5b9e\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u6076\u795e\u5e76\u5b58\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u65f6\u5965\u6c0f\u5f00\u59cb\u6d89\u730e\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u76db\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u89c2\u8f83\u4e8c\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000384\u5e74\u662f\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u751f\u547d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8f6c\u6369\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u7b79\u529e\u79c1\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u505c\u529e\uff0c\u9042\u6536\u62fe\u5fc3\u6e05\u56db\u5904\u6e38\u5b66\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u5728384\u5e74\u5230\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u7c73\u5170\uff0c\u53d7\u8058\u4e3a\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\u5965\u6c0f\u5728\u4fe1\u4e3b\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u70ed\u8877\u540d\u5229\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8ffd\u6c42\u722c\u5347\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u8eab\u65bc\u7a77\u4e61\u50fb\u58e4\uff0c\u5374\u671f\u671b\u8fc1\u5230\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0cj\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u63a5\u7eb3\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4ece\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\u8fc1\u5230\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u7c73\u5170\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e89\u53d6\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u9063\u56de\u5055\u540c\u4ed6\u8fc1\u5230\u7c73\u5170\u7684\u540c\u5c45\u5987\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5927\u7b14\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u59d1\u5a18\u8ba2\u5a5a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u968f\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b97\u6559\u800c\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5949\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u4e3a\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u6700\u53d7\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u5c42\u5c0a\u5d07\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8f83\u8bf8\u591a\u6570\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e3a\u4f4e\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u3002\u800c\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u624d\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u5965\u6c0f\u7565\u61c2\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u751a\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u9605\u8bfb\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e43\u501a\u9760\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5927\u90fd\u672a\u8bd1\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u6545\u5965\u6c0f\u5bf9\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5e76\u65e0\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u8ddd\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u666e\u63d0\u8bfa\u65af\uff08Plotinus\uff0c205\uff0d270\uff09\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u666e\u6c0f\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff1b\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u8fc7\u8457\u6781\u5176\u514b\u5df1\u7684\u82e6\u4fee\u751f\u6d3b\u2014\u4e00\u7d20\u98df\u3001\u4e0d\u6d74\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d2c\u6291\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u8ba9\u7075\u9b42\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8bf4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7406\u578b\uff09\u6240\u5149\u7167\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u6c42\u6446\u8131\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u5c18\u4e16\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u539f\u6765\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u5929\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u51fa\u795e\u7684\u5951\u5408\uff08ecstatic\u3000union\uff09\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u884d\u751f\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u7f6a\u6076\u5f53\u7136\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5584\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5982\u6cb3\u80fd\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7f6a\u6076\u5462\uff1f\u666e\u6c0f\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u7f6a\u6076\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\uff1b\u8fd9\u4ea6\u5373\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u795e\u6027\u7684\u51cf\u635f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f4e\u7b49\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff08\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u3002\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f6a\u6076\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u666e\u63d0\u8bfa\u65af\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\uff0c\u4e07\u6709\u7686\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u6545\u7686\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u795e\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u53ea\u5728\u65bc\u62e5\u6709\u795e\u6027\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u70b9\u770b\u6cd5\u8ddf\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e0e\u795e\u6027\u7edd\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u666e\u6c0f\u665a\u5e74\u6240\u6536\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u666e\u8153\u5229\uff08Porphyry\u3000of\u3000Tyre\uff0c\u3000232\uff0f3\uff0d301\u3000\u6216\u5f8c\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u666e\u8153\u5229\u7ee7\u627f\u666e\u63d0\u8bfa\u65af\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u672c\u662f\u7075\u4f53\uff0c\u539f\u662f\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u5e78\u8bef\u4e3a\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u5c18\u4e16\u6240\u56da\u7981\uff1b\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08self\uff0dknowledge\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u7075\u9b42\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u85c9\u7981\u6b32\u800c\u6446\u8131\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8f96\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u85c9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u501a\u8d56\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5149\u7167\u800c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4e0e\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5965\u6c0f\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u795e\u89c2\u4e43\u81f3\u5bf9\u7f6a\u6076\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u8f83\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5965\u6c0f\u6bc5\u7136\u653e\u5f03\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u5728386\u5e747\u6708\u5076\u7136\u8bfb\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u5341\u4e09\u7ae013\u81f314\u8282\uff0c\u611f\u609f\u5230\u300c\u62ab\u6234\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u300c\u4e3a\u8089\u4f53\u5b89\u6392\u53bb\u653e\u7eb5\u79c1\u6b32\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u51b3\u5fd7\u4fe1\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u7fcc\u5e74\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4e00\u540c\u5728\u7c73\u5170\u4e3b\u6559\u5b89\u6ce2\u7f57\u4fee\u624b\u4e0b\u53d7\u6d17\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u4fee\u9053\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u7267\u517b\u751f\u6daf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6210\u7acb\u4fee\u9053\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u56e0\u6b64\u626d\u8f6c\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653e\u5f03\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u60c5\u6b32\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u8f9e\u9000\u5728\u7c73\u5170\u7684\u6559\u5e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8fc1\u5c45\u7f57\u9a6c\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u64b0\u8ff0\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u6709\u5173\u7f6a\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6574\u7406\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5173\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u5f8c\u4e0e\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\uff08Pelagius\uff0c\u53c2\u9875123\uff0d126\uff09\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000388\u5e74\u7684\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd4\u56de\u6545\u4e61\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u8fc7\u8457\u7b80\u5355\u514b\u5df1\u7684\u7981\u6b32\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u9690\u4fee\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53ca\u631a\u53cb\u963f\u5c3c\u5351\u65af\uff08AlypillS\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u4e00\u8d77\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u8bf5\u8bfb\u8bd7\u7bc7\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u3001\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u738b\u4e49\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u65e2\u65e0\u8a93\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5374\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u8d70\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u6c89\u6f5c\u5b66\u9053\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6148\u7231\u3001\u516c\u4e49\u3001\u5927\u80fd\u53c8\u613f\u610f\u9976\u6055\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u548c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ece\u524d\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u300c\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u300c\u975e\u6709\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff09\uff0c\u653e\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u539f\u5148\u521b\u9020\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6574\u5408\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5145\u4efb\u5e0c\u5761\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fe1\u4e3b\u56db\u5e74\u5f8c\uff08391\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u65c5\u884c\u81f3\u8ddd\u79bb\u5854\u8fe6\u65af\u5fb7\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u54e9\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\u5cb8\u57ce\u9547\u5e0c\u5761\uff08HippO\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u5230\u4e00\u6240\u6559\u5802\u4e2d\u7977\u544a\u3002\u90a3\u7fa4\u6751\u6c11\u4fe1\u5f92\u5f97\u6089\u773c\u524d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4fbf\u662f\u5965\u6c0f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u957f\u8001\uff08\u6559\u58eb\uff09\u3002\u56db\u5e74\u5f8c\uff08395\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u88ab\u59d4\u4efb\u4e3a\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\uff1b\u8d8a\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u65bc\u6210\u4e86\u5e0c\u5761\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u79bb\u5f00\u4fee\u9053\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5e0c\u6ce2\u6559\u5802\u9694\u58c1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u642c\u8fdb\u4fee\u9662\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u540c\u4f4f\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5df2\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6253\u7406\u6559\u5802\u548c\u4fee\u9662\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d77\u521d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5374\u90fd\u613f\u610f\u6350\u5f03\u5bb6\u4ea7\uff0c\u51e1\u7269\u516c\u7528\uff0c\u8fc7\u8457\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u53ca\u5f8c\u56e0\u8457\u6709\u4eba\u8fdd\u53cd\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u4e43\u4e3a\u4fee\u9662\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u5b88\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e00\u7fa4\u5fd7\u613f\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fee\u5973\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u5b88\u5219\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u5b88\u5219\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fee\u9662\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002\uff08Augustinian\u3000Canons\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e0c\u5761\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u6559\u533a\uff0c\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u4fe1\u5949\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5c5e\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6559\u58eb\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u62db\u4eba\u975e\u8bae\uff1b\u5965\u6c0f\u5f97\u82b1\u4e0a\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6574\u6cbb\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u5728\u7267\u4f1a\u7684\u516d\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u9a73\u65a5\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u6458\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u51c6\u4e0d\u9ad8\u4f5c\u51fa\u7b54\u8fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u4e0e\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6559\u7b14\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e00\u65f6\u58f0\u540d\u5927\u566a\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u5bff\u5c81\u9887\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5171\u5f53\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u79bb\u4e16\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4ed6\u5199\u5b8c\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6b63\u503c429\u5e74\u7684\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u86ee\u65cf\u4eba\u4fb5\u9ad8\u5362\uff08Gaul\uff0c\u4eca\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff1a\u7fcc\u5e74\u5165\u4fb5\u5317\u975e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u5904\u6740\u4eba\u653e\u706b\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u56db\u51fa\u6d41\u5f99\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5965\u6c0f\u5df2\u5c4a\u4e03\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u575a\u6301\u7559\u5b88\u5371\u57ce\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u60a3\u4e0a\u759f\u75be\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u300a\u7ea4\u6885\u5f55\u300b\u7684\u5199\u6210<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u7231\u800c\u975e\u5723\u6d01\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7b54\u8fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u7231\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5723\u6d01\uff1b\u6545\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u66f4\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7231\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6700\u5e94\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u4e88\u4ee5\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u8bfa\u6d3c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8352\u8c2c\u5904\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u591f\u5723\u6d01\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u6263\u7d27\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u7a81\u663e\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5723\u6d01\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u5723\u6d01\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5723\u6d01\u4e43\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u5f97\u7aed\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ba3\u79f0\u5b83\u5df2\u662f\u5723\u6d01\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4fe1\u7ecf\uff08\u53c2\u987548\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u4e00\u3001\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u5927\u516c\u3001\u4ece\u4f7f\u5f92\u4f20\u9012\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u56db\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7834\u574f\u5176\u5408\u4e00\u6027\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u548c\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5018\u82e5\u5723\u6d01\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7f6a\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u6d01\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1f\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5c5e\u65bc\u85cf\u6c61\u7eb3\u57a2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f6a\u4eba\u548c\u4e49\u4eba\u3001\u9ea6\u5b50\u4e0e\u7a17\u5b50\u540c\u5904\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u56e2\u4f53\uff08mixed\u3000body\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u60c5\u51b5\u8981\u5f85\u4e3b\u518d\u6765\u5f8c\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u626d\u8f6c\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u5c06\u9ea6\u5b50\u4e0e\u7a17\u5b50\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u52c9\u5f3a\u62d4\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7a17\u5b50\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u4f24\u5bb3\u8bb8\u591a\u9ea6\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u72af\u9519\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ed6\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u53bb\uff1a\u4f46\u6559\u4f1a\u82e5\u8bbe\u7acb\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u76d1\u89c6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8d8a\u8f68\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u53d7\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7fa4\u8499\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u7f6a\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5728\u6240\u96be\u514d\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u56e2\u5951\u2014\u2014\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4e2a\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8981\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u6d01\u7684\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4e24\u91cd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c6\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5730\u4e0a\u6709\u5f62\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u56e2\u4f53\uff1b\u4f46\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u80cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c1a\u9690\u85cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5f62\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5723\u5f92\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u5951\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u8457\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5bf9\u5723\u793c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u89c2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5bf9\u5723\u793c\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u5723\u793c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u53d7\u793c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u65bd\u793c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u7aef\u5728\u4e4e\u5723\u793c\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u6307\u79f0\u72af\u9519\u4e3b\u6559\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u5723\u793c\u65e0\u6548\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\u7b54\u8fa9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u4e0e\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u6d3e\u5bf9\u5723\u793c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5305\u5ba2\u89c2\u70b9\u6291\u6216\u6392\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u5bb9\uff08inclusive\u3000view\uff09\u800c\u975e\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff08exclusive\u3000view\uff09\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u5949\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u540d\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u6c34\u793c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5949\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u540d\u6240\u5b88\u7684\u5723\u9910\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\u65bd\u884c\u5723\u793c\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u6216\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u591a\u7eb3\u5f92\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5374\u5f88\u770b\u91cd\u4e3b\u793c\u8005\u53ca\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0\u751a\u9ebd\u5dee\u9519\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5219\u5723\u793c\u4fbf\u544a\u65e0\u6548\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u51fa\u65bc\u884c\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u6291\u6216\u51fa\u65bc\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u9910\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u65bd\u793c\u8005\u8eab\u7a7f\u793c\u888d\uff0c\u6216\u53d7\u6309\u4e3a\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u65bd\u793c\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7075\u6027\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u7aef\u5728\u4e4e\u8bbe\u7acb\u5723\u793c\u7684\u4e3b\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u8bf4\uff0c\u5723\u793c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4eea\u5f0f\u5b57\u53e5\u6216\u4eea\u793c\u7a0b\u5e8feK\u3000opere\u3000operato\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u51fa\u65bc\u65bd\u793c\u8005\uff08ex\u3000opereOperantis\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u6309\u8457\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u505a\uff0c\u997c\u548c\u676f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u8840\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u548c\u5723\u793c\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u786e\u7acb\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u5316\u9886\u5bfc\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u6548\u7528\u7684\u662f\u804c\u4f4d\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0e\u8c01\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u8be5\u804c\u4f4d\u53ca\u8c01\u4eba\u4e3b\u6301\u793c\u4eea\u65e0\u5173\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u67d0\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u5177\u6709\u672c\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u518d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u771f\u7406\u6765\u6311\u6218\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u4e9f\u9700\u5de9\u56fa\u5176\u4e00\u5143\u5316\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5207\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4e86\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e7f\u53d7\u4e2d\u53e4\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u5ef7\u5c0a\u5d07\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VI\uff0e\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b\u662f\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5f8c\u4e16\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5927\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u7528\u4e86\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff08413\uff0d427\uff09\uff0c\u64b0\u8ff0\u6b64\u4e66\u4ee5\u4f5c\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u5168\u4e66\u5171\u5206\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5377\u3002\u524d\u5341\u5377\u662f\u62a4\u6559\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7b54\u8fa9\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8bdd\u95ee\uff1b\u5f8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5377\u5219\u65e8\u5728\u9648\u8ff0\u5965\u6c0f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u524d\u5341\u5377\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u518d\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6700\u521d\u4e94\u5377\u9a73\u65a5\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u73b0\u4e16\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u7f57\u9a6c\u6ca6\u9677\u5f52\u548e\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8d23\u96be\u5927\u8868\u6124\u6012\u3002\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u5386\u6570\u7f57\u9a6c\u5728\u672a\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u524d\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u5404\u6837\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u8d28\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5426\u4fe1\u5949\u5f02\u6559\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u906d\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5669\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5176\u5728\u7acb\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u72af\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5927\u7f6a\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f02\u6559\u6240\u9f13\u5439\u7684\u6deb\u4e71\u4eab\u4e50\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u5f8c\u4e94\u5377\u5219\u9a73\u65a5\u5f02\u6559\u5bf9\u6765\u751f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u3002\u4ed6\u5386\u6570\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bf8\u795e\u7684\u8352\u8bde\u4e0d\u7ecf\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u89c2\u6765\u5f70\u663e\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff1a\u4ed6\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u4e3a\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u597d\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4ecd\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u771f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u795e\u5b66\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7eb5\u7ebf\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u638c\u63e1\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u5207\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5bb0\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u786e\u8ba4\u4eba\u95f4\u653f\u6743\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u4f46\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u987b\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6076\u6240\u5f15\u6765\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4ea6\u5ba3\u8ba4\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4eba\u95f4\u653f\u6743\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Vll\uff0e\u5bf9\u6297\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4e0e\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\uff08Pelagius\uff0c360\uff0d420\uff09\u636e\u8bf4\u751f\u65bc\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f26\u7406\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u8bfb\u5230\u5965\u6c0f\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5fcf\u6094\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u5173\u65bc\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u7eb3\u5965\uff0c\u6c0f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u300c\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08Pelagianism\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u53cd\u5bf9\u5965\u6c0f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u52a8\u6548\u6cd5\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d7\u5916\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f5c\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u4e0a\u4ece\u4e9a\u5f53\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u751a\u9ebd\u7f6a\u6027\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u7f6a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u52a8\u542c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f15\u51fa\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u62e3\u9009\u8bba\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u756a\u5468\u65cb\u89d2\u529b\uff0c\u8272\u52d2\u65af\u4e22\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u3002\u5728529\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u4fc4\u5189\u906e\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\uff08Synod\u3000of\u3000Orange\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f2f\u6c0f\u4e5f\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u786e\u8ba4\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u59cb\u7956\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u7f6a\u6027\u548c\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u59cb\u7956\u4e00\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u4f7f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7686\u9677\u7f6a\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u7f6a\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u5965\u6c0f\u6df1\u53d7\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7075\u6b32\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8089\u4f53\u60c5\u6b32\u662f\u90aa\u6076\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u5723\u7ecf\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u60c5\u6b32\u548c\u8089\u4f53\u751f\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7686\u7531\u7236\u6bcd\u4ea4\u914d\u6240\u751f\uff0c\u4eba\u4fbf\u4ece\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u539f\u7f6a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u8bc1\u636e\u4ee5\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u7531\u7ae5\u8d1e\u5973\u6240\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8981\u4f5c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u7834\u539f\u7f6a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u9501\u94fe\uff1b\u9664\u4e86\u59cb\u7956\u4e9a\u5f53\u3001\u590f\u5a03\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u914d\u800c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u795e\u5e76\u65e0\u7ee7\u627f\u539f\u7f6a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5a74\u5b69\u6d17\u793c\u7684\u679c\u6548\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u56e0\u4eba\u9057\u4f20\u4e86\u539f\u7f6a\uff0c\u6545\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u751f\u5a74\u5b69\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u5f97\u4e3a\u5176\u7ecf\u9057\u4f20\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u539f\u7f6a\u4e0b\u5730\u72f1\u3002\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u5a74\u5b69\u6d17\u793c\u8fd9\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5a74\u5b69\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u8ba9\u5a74\u5b69\u63a5\u53d7\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u6d17\u6389\u539f\u7f6a\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u76f8\u4fe1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u884c\u5584\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5411\u5584\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u6076\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u884c\u5584\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e49\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u7f6a\u5b7d\u6df1\u91cd\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u6b65\u5411\u706d\u4ea1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u63a5\u53d7\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\u65bc\u5730\u72f1\u4e4b\u82e6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u8eab\u5177\u5907\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u62e3\u9009\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u51ed\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u4eba\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09\u62e3\u9009\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u53c8\u9009\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u706d\u4ea1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5411\u5584\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u51ed\u5df1\u529b\u53bb\u9009\u62e9\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u6309\u8457\u4ed6\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u4f1a\u62e3\u9009\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fde\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5df1\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u9996\u80af\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc3\u91cc\u521a\u786c\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc3\u786c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9884\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u5f97\u6551\u4e0e\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u3000\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\uff07\u3000\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff1f\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u6380\u8d77\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u6ca1\u5b8c\u6ca1\u4e86\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5927\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u81ea\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u8fa9\u8bba\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6cd5\u4e86\u6848\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff07\uff08Calvinism\uff09\u53ca\uff07\u4e9a\u7c73\u7ebd\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08Arminism\u3000\uff09\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u8bfe\u9898\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e9a\u7c73\u7ebd\u65af\u6d3e\uff08Arminian\uff09\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u6709\u6289\u62e9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8bba\u636e\u548c\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e13\u8457\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\u53ca\u5965\u6c0f\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4fbf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u8bd5\u7b80\u8ff0\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5bf9\u62c9\u4e01\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6709\u4f55\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f\u4f60\u5bf9\u6b64\u662f\u5426\u540c\u610f\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5426\u5e26\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u8bd5\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e4b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u539f\u7f6a\u8bba\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u8981\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u5728\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4f55\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u8bfe\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u9769<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u8fdc\u6d41\u957f\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u5e94\u7231\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u7231\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4eba\u82e5\u7231\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7231\u7236\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u4ed6\u91cc\u9762\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u7ea6\u58f9\u4e8c15\uff09\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u8bcd\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4f55\u6240\u6307\uff1f\u662f\u6307\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c18\u4e16\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u6743\u52bf\u3001\u4e16\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e9b\u654c\u6321\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u53c8\u3003\u4e0d\u8981\u7231\u4e16\u754c\u3003\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u610f\u542b\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u6c61\u6ce5\u800c\u4e0d\u67d3\u72ec\u5584\u5176\u8eab\uff0c\u516c\u7136\u5411\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u5ba3\u6218\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u4e7e\u8106\u8fdc\u79bb\u4eba\u70df\u81ea\u8425\u51c0\u571f\uff1f\u5386\u4ee3\u5386\u4e16\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u6b64\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u800c\u62df\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u4e16\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u5151\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\uff08\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\u5e94\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4e0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\uff08Anabaptists\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u8425\u51c0\u571f\uff08ghetto\uff09\uff0c\u805a\u65cf\u800c\u5c45\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4e0d\u8f8d\u3002\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c71\u4e1c\u9a6c\u5e84\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fc7\u8457\u7c7b\u4f3c\u96c6\u4f53\u4fee\u9053\u7684\u516c\u793e\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u5b88\u72ec\u8eab\u5427\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u6709\u9f13\u52b1\u4fe1\u5f92\u51fa\u5bb6\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5012\u8981\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u5462\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5bf9\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u8bb8\u591a\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u65e2\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u8bad\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\u96f7\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u8f83\u6301\u5e73\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u600e\u9ebd\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e0d\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u8fdc\u6d41\u957f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u5e45\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u753b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u9650\u65bc\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u6216\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8db3\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff09\uff1a\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\uff08Francis\u3000of\u3000Assisi\uff1b1182\u20261226\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u4e0a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u3002\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u7eb5\u7ebf\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f15\u8ff0\u7531\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u8d77\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3a\u6b62\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Monasticism\uff09\u4e0e\u82e6\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Asceticism\uff09\u610f\u601d\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6cdb\u6307\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e16\u4fd7\u8d1f\u7d2f\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u65bc\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u59cb\u65bc\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u591a\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5219\u6307\u8457\u67d0\u79cd\u5bf9\u4ed8\u7f6a\u6076\u4e0e\u83b7\u5f97\u5584\u884c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u64cd\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7981\u98df\u6216\u9075\u5b88\u98df\u7269\u7981\u6212\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u9ed8\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u9192\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6253\u82e6\u97ad\u82e6\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\u5e26\u6709\u9547\u538b\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u82e6\u884c\u5473\u9053\u7684\u64cd\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u82e6\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e9\u65bc\u8036\u7a23\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u9887\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u591a\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u81ea\u8fdc\u79bb\u51e1\u5c18\uff0c\u8eb2\u5728\u5c71\u6797\u6216\u6c99\u6f20\u65f7\u91ce\u4fee\u9053\u7684\u9690\u4fee\u571f\uff08hermits\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e9b\u91c7\u53d6\u82e6\u4fee\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e8b\u51a5\u60f3\u7948\u7977\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u9690\u4fee\u751f\u6d3b\uff08hermitage\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7981\u6b32\u82e6\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4e25\u683c\u5c65\u884c\u5949\u732e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u6301\u8d1e\u6d01\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6a\u6076\u76f8\u4fb5\uff0c\u66f4\u5fc5\u987b\u8d2f\u5f7b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5404\u9879\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u59a5\u534f\u6216\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u9980\u5730\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fe1\u5f92\u751a\u81f3\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u884c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5bf9\u5c11\u5e74\u957f\u5b98\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u82e5\u613f\u610f\u4f5c\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u53bb\u53d8\u5356\u4f60\u6240\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\u3002\uff08\u592a\u5341\u4e5d\u300016\uff0d22\uff1b\u53ef\u5341\u300017\uff0d22\uff1a\u8def\u5341\u516b\u300018\uff0d23\u3000\uff09\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e4b\u7075\u610f\u5316\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0a\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u820d\u5f03\u94b1\u8d22\u3002\u8981\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u5c11\u5e74\u957f\u5b98\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\u7075\u610f\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7528\u5fe7\u5fe7\u6101\u6101\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u4e0a\u6587\u4e0b\u7406\uff0c\u4fbf\u6653\u5f97\u90a3\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8f6c\u5bf0\u4e0e\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u767e\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u9f13\u52b1\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e3a\u4e3b\u820d\u5f03\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5f7c\u5f97\u95f4\u63a5\u6cbb\u6b7b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5047\u88c5\u5949\u732e\u6240\u6709\u5bb6\u8d22\u3001\u6b3a\u54c4\u5723\u7075\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u5f92\u4e94l\uff0d11\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u4f1a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4fe1\u5f92\u6350\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5bb6\u4ea7\uff1b\u4f46\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u8df5\u884c\u5949\u732e\u5bb6\u8d22\u5468\u6d4e\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6559\u7236\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5949\u732e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u6559\u7236\u7684\u699c\u6837\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u9053\u5fb7\u5bbd\u5f1b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u6559\u7236\u7279\u571f\u826f\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8868\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\u672a\u591f\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u6bc5\u7136\u52a0\u5165\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6069\u9635\u8425\u2014\u2014\u5b5f\u4ed6\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Montanism\uff09\u3002\u5b5f\u4ed6\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7075\u6069\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u59cb\u7956\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c5e\u7075\u6069\u8d50\u4e4b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5e76\u53d8\u5356\u6240\u6709\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7075\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u90fd\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u683c\u3001\u5177\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u521d\u671f\u7684\u9690\u4fee\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br 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        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u9ad8\u4e3e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e86\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d31\u89c6\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u5176\u5426\u5b9a\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d85\u8131\u73b0\u4e16\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u9690\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u9690\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u653b\u514b\u5df1\u8eab\u3001\u514b\u5236\u60c5\u6b32\uff0c\u4e0e\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u767d\u8272\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4e9a\u4ed6\u81ea\u4fee\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u6700\u521d\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6559\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u59cb\u65bc\u4e9a\u4ed6\u62ff\u4fee\uff08Athanasius\uff0c296\uff0d373\u3000\uff09\u3002\u4e9a\u6c0f\u662f\u57c3\u53ca\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u592a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d41\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Arianism\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u53ca\u4e16\u4fd7\u541b\u738b\u4e3a\u654c\uff0c\u5c61\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u5230\u57c3\u53ca\u6c99\u6f20\uff0c\u5e78\u800c\u5728\u6c99\u6f20\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u66fe\u65bc\u6c99\u6f20\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u53d7\u8fc7\u9690\u4fee\u571f\u7684\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9690\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u6d41\u8a00\u8bef\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e9a\u6c0f\u6062\u590d\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u4e0a\u63a8\u5d07\u9690\u4fee\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u4f20\u300b\uff08Life\u3000of\u3000Anthony\uff09\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9633\u4fee\u58eb\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5939\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u795e\u8ff9\u5947\u4e8b\uff0c\u5947\u60c5\u8be1\u8c32\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4f5c\u8005\u4e9a\u6c0f\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u6559\u7236\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5e7f\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f92\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e9a\u6c0f\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u79f0\u4fee\u571f\uff08monk\uff09\u4e3a\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\uff08martyr\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u6001\u89c6\u4e3a\u767d\u8272\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5c5e\u7075\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5c06\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7eb3\u5165\u6b63\u6267\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6559\u4f1a\u5f53\u5c40\u80af\u5b9a\u9690\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u4ef7\u503c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5c06\u4e4b\u7eb3\u5165\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b63\u8f68\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u76d1\u63a7\u8282\u5236\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u9632\u8303\u6709\u4e0d\u5229\u6559\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u53d1\u751f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9690\u4fee\u571f\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u8fc7\u591a\u786e\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u610f\u6765\u4e0d\u5c11\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u9690\u4fee\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u66ff\u6559\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6709\u89c1\u53ca\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u6709\u70ed\u5fc3\u7684\u6559\u7236\u53ca\u9690\u4fee\u571f\u5e0c\u671b\u6574\u987f\u9690\u4fee\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u5355\u72ec\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9690\u4fee\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u5f0f\u7684\u82e6\u4fee\uff08\u79f0\u4e3acoenobiticmonasticism\uff0ccoenobitic\u6765\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u901a\u79f0\u4e4b\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u771f\u771f\u6b63\u6b63\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u9690\u6027\u57cb\u540d\u5730\u8fc7\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u96c6\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u8fe6\u5e15\u591a\u5bb6\u6559\u7236\uff08Cappadocian\u3000Fathers\uff09\u53ca\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5b89\u6ce2\u7f57\u4fee\u3001\u91d1\u53e3\u7ea6\u7ff0JohnChrysostom\uff0c344\uff0f354\uff0d407\uff09\u3001\u8036\u67d4\u7c73\uff08Jerome\uff0c\u7ea6345\u4e00\u7ea6419\uff09\u548c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7b49\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7eb3\u5165\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u91cc\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u628a\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u4fee\u58eb\uff08monks\uff09\u4e0e\u6559\u58eb\uff08canons\uff09\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4fee\u571f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u9887\u4e3a\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u62b5\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4fee\u571f\uff1f\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u53ca\u671f\u671b\u6700\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8def\u7ef5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5904\u5200\u5728\u65bc\u5bf9\u51a5\u60f3\uff08contemplation\uff09\u6709\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u53d7\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u51a5\u60f3\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u51a5\u60f3\uff1f\u51a5\u60f3\u662f\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u60ef\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u9ed8\u60f3\uff08meditation\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9ed8\u60f3\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5a92\u4ecb\u6765\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u900f\u8fc7\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002\u51a5\u60f3\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fc3\u76f4\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u8d2f\u901a\u3002\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ecd\u5f97\u8fd0\u7528\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u5efa\u6784\uff1a\u5b83\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5206\u522b\u76f8\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8054\u7cfb\u4e92\u901a\u3002\u63d0\u5021\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u300c\u5185\u7f72\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7075\u9b42\u662f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u8d28\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u901a\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u7edd\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4ece\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u90a3\u91cc\u501f\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bfe\u5df2\u7565\u63d0\u53ca\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5173\u4e0a\u5e1d\u85c9\u6d41\u51fa\u5176\u672c\u8d28\uff08eeanation\uff09\u800c\u521b\u9020\u4e07\u6709\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u786e\u5b9a\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u8d28\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4ea6\u5ba3\u544a\u7075\u9b42\u5148\u8089\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ca\u4e0e\u8089\u4f53\u65e0\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u8089\u4f53\u65e0\u672c\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5c5e\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u5148\u521b\u9020\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u5148\u65bc\u8089\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u7406\u578b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff1b\u53ea\u662f\u5f8c\u6765\u56e0\u5815\u843d\u800c\u88ab\u8d2c\u5230\u51e1\u95f4\uff0c\u88ab\u56da\u65bc\u8089\u4f53\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u7075\u9b42\u6bd4\u8089\u4f53\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u7075\u9b42\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u8089\u4f53\u5374\u4e0d\u514d\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u7075\u9b42\u5c5e\u65bc\u7406\u578b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8089\u4f53\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u63a5\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u5185\u8574\u4e86\u5173\u4e4e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u8eac\u8eab\u6c42\u5df2\uff0c\u5524\u9192\u88ab\u8089\u4f53\u9ebb\u75f9\u4e86\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u81ea\u5df1\uff08self\u3000knowledge\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u65b0\u76f8\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u5957\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u3003\u3000\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5929\u5fc3\u76f8\u901a\u3003\u3000\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\u3002\u4eba\u82e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u901a\uff0c\u975e\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e5f\uff0c\u5b9e\u5176\u7075\u9b42\u88ab\u8089\u4f53\u8499\u853d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5931\u4e27\u672c\u6027\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\uff1a\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6076\u640f\u6597\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4f55\u8c13\u51a5\u60f3\u53ca\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u795e\u5b66\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u4fbf\u6613\u5982\u53cd\u638c\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6076\u640f\u6597\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ece\u4e9a\u4ed6\u62ff\u4fee\u6240\u5199\u7684\u300a\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u4f20\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e9a\u6c0f\u53cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u82e6\u82e6\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u4e9a\u6d41\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e0e\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4ec7\u6068\u4e0d\u5171\u6234\u5929\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e9a\u6c0f\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e86\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u5021\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f00\u521b\u96c6\u4f53\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u5df4\u5404\u9ed8\uff08\u6216\u8bd1\u5e15\u79d1\u7f2a\uff08Pachomius\uff0c290\uff0d346\uff09\uff3d\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc320\u5e74\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u592a\u672c\u897f\uff08Tabennisi\uff09\u5f00\u529e\u4e00\u95f4\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fee\u58eb\u8fc7\u670d\u4ece\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4fee\u9662\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u751f\u6d3b\u89c4\u6761\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\uff08Basil\u3000ofCaesarea\uff0c358\uff0d364\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e09\u4f4d\u8fe6\u5e15\u591a\u5bb6\u6559\u7236\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u64a4\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u524d\u66fe\u4f5c\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5176\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u6761\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\u89c4\u6761\u300b\uff08rule\u3000of\u3000Basil\uff09\u3000\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5f8c\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\uff08Benedictine\u3000Rule\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5df4\u5404\u9ed8\u5c06\u9690\u4fee\u7cbe\u795e\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0d\u5c11\u82e6\u4fee\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\u800c\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\u5219\u628a\u6240\u6709\u82e6\u4fee\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53d8\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\u76f8\u4fe1\u751f\u6d3b\u6108\u662f\u5e73\u6de1\u666e\u901a\uff0c\u4fbf\u6108\u96be\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff1b\u6108\u53d1\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fbf\u6108\u6709\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7981\u98df\u7977\u544a\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9760\u8fd1\u4e86\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u7b49\u5c5e\u7075\u9a84\u50b2\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9f13\u5439\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u65e5\u5f8c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7ee7\u627f\u5df4\u5404\u9ed8\u53ca\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u8def\u7eff\uff1a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u5408\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u662f\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6076\u640f\u6597\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ffd\u6c42\u653b\u514b\u5df1\u8eab\uff0c\u9547\u538b\u8089\u4f53\u60c5\u6b32\uff1b\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u671f\u671b\u7075\u9b42\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u6295\u5954\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u62e5\u62b1\u548c\u5951\u5408\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u8f96\u5236\uff0c\u4e3b\u50ac\u8005\u5927\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u82e6\u4fee\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff1a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7981\u98df\u7948\u7977\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7075\u6027\u64cd\u7ec3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e9e\u4e49\u4f10\uff08Evagrius\u3000of\u3000Ponti         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u4e1a\u76ee\u5608\u624c\u95ee\u5251\ue0e1\u2524\u7f22\u62c5\u64bc\u306a\u5954\u6d63\ue377\u79f0\u6dfc\u5f27\u2494\ue383\u987e\u7977\u57c3\ue0cd\u2494\ue263\u61c8\u992e\ue2a6\u7267\u6a3e\u5706\u502d\u8d30?br \/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u5e9e\u4e49\u4f10\uff08Evagrius\u3000of\u3000Ponticus\uff0c\u3000346\uff0d399\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u751f\u65bc\u672c\u4e22\uff08Pontus\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u5df4\u897f\u6d41\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u6545\u5f88\u65e9\u4fbf\u53d7\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u5f8c\u6765\u5728\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u5f53\u8bb2\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4fc4\u5229\u6839\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff08Origenism\uff09\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\uff0c\u5148\u5230\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5f00\u529e\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5f8c\u5728383\u5e74\u9000\u5230\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\uff08Libya\uff09\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c3c\u5ddd\u6c99\u6f20\uff08Nitriandesert\uff09\u4e2d\u9690\u4fee\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u662f\u4fc4\u5229\u6839\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u6545\u5f53\u4fc4\u5229\u6839\u5728553\u5e74\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u5927\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d41\u4f20\u5f8c\u4e16\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u300a\u4fee\u58eb\u300b\uff08Praktikos\u3000\uff09\u548c\u300a\u8bba\u7977\u544a\u300b\uff08\u3000The\u3000Treatise\u3000on\u3000Prayer\uff09\u4e24\u672c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e9e\u4e49\u4f10\u5bf9\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u9ed8\u60f3\u4e0e\u7948\u7977\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\uff08praktikc\uff09\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\uff08physike\u3000\uff09\u53ca\u51a5\u60f3\uff08theologia\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u5f97\u4e0e\u9b54\u9b3c\u640f\u6597\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u8bf1\u60d1\u548c\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u65e0\u60c5\uff08apatheia\uff09\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u9ed8\u60f3\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ed6\u4ecd\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7269\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u9020\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u9053\u3002\u5728\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u5207\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ba9\u7075\u9b42\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5951\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5411\u7075\u9b42\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u51a5\u60f3\u5f0f\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u82e5\u671b\u4f3d\u4ed9\uff08John\u3000Cassian\uff0c360\u2026435\uff09\u4f20\u81f3\u897f\u65b9\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5728\u9a6c\u8d5b\uff08Marseilles\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e24\u95f4\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u5439\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba9\u4eba\u81fb\u8fbe\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u96c6\u4f53\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u79ef\u5f0a\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5374\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e2d\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\uff08Franciscans\uff09\u548c\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\uff08Dominicans\uff09\u3002\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u590d\u5174\u7684\u8fe6\u5bc6\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08Carmelites\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u8868\u8868\u8005\u3002\u4fee\u4e60\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u4fee\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u8457\u91cd\u51a5\u60f3\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\uff08Jesuits\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u8fe6\u5bc6\u4fee\u4f1a\u3014\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff1a\u5927\u5fb7\u5170\uff08Teresa\u3000of\u3000Avila\uff0c1515\u20261582\uff09\u548c\u5341\u67b6\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08John\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Cross\uff0c\u7ea61542\u20261591\uff09\uff3d\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ee5\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u53d1\u653e\u5728\u4e07\u6709\u4e2d\uff1b\u5374\u575a\u6301\u4e0a\u5e1d\u85c9\u8a00\u8bed\u4ece\u65e0\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e07\u6709\uff0c\u6545\u4e07\u6709\u8d56\u4ee5\u501a\u7acb\u7684\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c6\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u5728\u62a4\u7406\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5386\u53f2\u671d\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d2c\u89c6\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u6bd4\u8089\u4f53\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u771f\u7684\u4e0e\u8089\u4f53\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u8fde\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u7075\u9b42\u5148\u5b58\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u867d\u7136\u89c6\u4e07\u6709\u4e3a\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e07\u6709\u5374\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u53d7\u9020\u7269\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7075\u754c\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u5185\uff09\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u76f8\u901a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5411\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5bb9\u8bb8\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4eba\u4fbf\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u5951\u5408\uff1b\u5723\u7ecf\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08\u57fa\u7763\uff09\u7684\u8054\u5408\u662f\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7075\u6027\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u7948\u7977\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u85c9\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u6765\u9ed8\u60f3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u662f\u5141\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7a7a\u81ea\u5df1\u653e\u4efb\u5730\u4e0e\u7075\u754c\u63a5\u89e6\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\u3002\u800c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e09\u91cd\u5929\u5f0f\u7684\u8d85\u51e1\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ec5\u547d\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u968f\u90a3\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u6d3b\u8fc7\u7684\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u9075\u884c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u9053\u901a\u5f80\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u8def\uff08Soul\u2019s\u3000Journey\u3000UntoGod\uff09\uff0c\u50cf\u5723\u6587\u5fb7\uff08Bonaventure\uff0c\u30001221\uff0d1274\u3000\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u6216\u7075\u754c\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u4e03\u91cd\u5929\u3001\u4e03\u5c42\u5b9d\u5854\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u4eba\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u66f2\u89e3\u4e3a\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u5408\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u601d\u5178\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\uff0e\u4fee\u4e66\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7279\u8d28\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4fee\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u4ee5\u672c\u663e\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08The\u3000Benedictines\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7279\u8d28\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u672c\u7b03\u4e0e\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u672c\u7b03\uff08Benedict\u3000of\u3000Nursia\uff0c\u3000480\uff0d550\uff09\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u4fbf\u9000\u5230\u82cf\u62dc\u9ad8\uff08Subiaco\uff09\u4e3a\u9690\u4fee\u58eb\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u540d\u58f0\u65e5\u566a\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u6155\u540d\u5230\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u51e0\u95f4\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4fee\u58eb\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u89c4\u6761\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u906d\u4eba\u6392\u6324\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7ea6525\u5e74\u5055\u540c\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4fee\u571f\u8fc1\u5230\u8fe6\u897f\u8bfa\u5c71\uff08Monte\u3000Cassino\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u5176\u4fee\u9662\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u5728\u8fe6\u897f\u8bfa\u5c71\uff0c\u81f3\u7ec8\u7ef4\u6301\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u5927\u5e1d\u5f53\u653f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u732e\u5448\u672c\u7b03\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u7687\u5ba4\u548c\u6559\u5ef7\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u91c7\u7eb3\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u5236\u5404\u5730\u4fee\u9662\u8fde\u884c\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u5236\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5949\u884c\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u7684\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u96b6\u5c5e\u65bc\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002\u9875\u5230\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u52c3\u826e\u5730\u7684\u5b54\u5c3c\u4fee\u9662\uff08Cluny\uff0cBurgundy\uff09\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e00\u7edf\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6cbf\u7528\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u5408\u79f0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u66fe\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u9662\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u5faa\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u65e5\u5f8c\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u4e3a\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4eff\u6548\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u4fbf\u662f\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u53e0\u5e8a\u67b6\u5c4b\u5f0f\u7684\u5e9e\u7136\u5de8\u8457\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u8584\u8584\u7684\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e00\u4e07\u4e8c\u5343\u5b57\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u672c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5df2\u5305\u7f57\u4e86\u4fee\u9662\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4fee\u58eb\u6743\u8d23\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u65b0\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u63a5\u5f85\u63a2\u8bbf\u8005\u3001\u4f9b\u5e94\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u3001\u8fdd\u89c4\u8005\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u7b49\uff0c\u8fde\u6240\u5531\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u6240\u8d5e\u7684\u4e66\u3001\u6bcf\u65e5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u914d\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u4fee\u9662\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u6240\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u7b80\u660e\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3002\u8868\u9762\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u89c4\u7ae0\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e8b\u65e0\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1b\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u4f1a\u89c4\u7cbe\u7b80\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u672a\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c4\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7559\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8ba9\u4eba\u6709\u53d1\u6325\u9980\u5730\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u7279\u8272\u548c\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u987a\u670d\u7684\u64cd\u7ec3\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u89c4\u5f00\u7aef\u4fbf\u5df2\u6e05\u695a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fee\u58eb\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u987a\u670d\u7684\u529f\u8bfe\u3002\u4eba\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e0d\u987a\u670d\u3002\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u8457\u5403\u4e86\u7981\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u53cd\u6620\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u80cc\u53db\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e5f\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u6096\u9006\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u3002\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u6d88\u7f6a\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u8981\u5b9e\u8df5\u987a\u670d\u7684\u64cd\u7ec3\uff0c\u4fee\u58eb\u8981\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u987a\u670d\u4fee\u9662\u89c4\u6761\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u987a\u670d\u4fee\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9662\u957f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff08vicar\u3000of\u3000Christ\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u5fc5\u987b\u987a\u670d\u4ed6\u5982\u540c\u987a\u670d\u4e3b\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u670d\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u9662\u957f\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4fee\u58eb\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3001\u72b9\u8c6b\u3001\u8d28\u8be2\u6216\u53d1\u6028\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u987a\u670d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4f1a\u89c4\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u5f97\u7a83\u7a83\u79c1\u8bae\uff08above\u3000all\uff0cnomurmuring\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f1a\u89c4\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u8fd1\u4eba\u60c5\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u3002\u4f46\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u8fbe\u5230\u5f7b\u5e95\u81ea\u6211\u820d\u5f03\uff08self\uff0dnegation\uff09\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u5fb7\u884c\u5747\u662f\u7531\u987a\u670d\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u4fee\u571f\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u751a\u9ebd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u4fee\u9662\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u9662\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u656c\u62dc\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u5171\u6709\u4e03\u6b21\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u5408\u5171\u7ea6\u56db\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u534a\u591c\u8fd8\u8981\u722c\u8d77\u5e8a\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u656c\u62dc\uff3b\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b88\u591c\u66f4\uff08night\u3000office\uff09\uff3d\uff1b\u8fd9\u505a\u6cd5\u4e43\u9075\u4ece\u8bd7\u7bc7\u7684\u5429\u5490\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u56e0\u4f60\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u5178\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u4e03\u6b21\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4f60\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8bd7\u2014\u4e00\u4e5d\u3000164\uff09\uff1b\u300c\u6211\u56e0\u4f60\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u5178\u7ae0\uff0c\u534a\u591c\u5fc5\u8d77\u6765\u79f0\u8c22\u4f60\u3002\uff08\u8bd7\u2014\u4e00\u4e5d\u300062\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u64cd\u7ec3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9664\u656c\u62dc\u5916\uff0c\u4fee\u58eb\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4fee\u9662\u5927\u5c0f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u7977\u544a\u53ca\u9ed8\u60f3\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fee\u9662\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u9662\u957f\uff08abbot\uff09\u591a\u6570\u7531\u4fee\u9053\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u6216\u662f\u7531\u4fee\u58eb\u63a8\u8350\u3001\u4fee\u4f1a\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3e\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u9c9c\u6709\u627e\u4e2a\u9662\u5916\u4eba\u6765\u5145\u5f53\u9662\u957f\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4fee\u58eb\u8fdb\u5165\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u671f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u53d1\u4e09\u4e2a\u613f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u613f\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u51b3\u5fd7\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u8d1e\u6d01\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\uff08\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u987a\u670d\uff08\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u4fee\u58eb\u5728\u957f\u888d\u8170\u95f4\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7cfb\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u9ebb\u7ef3\uff0c\u9ebb\u7ef3\u534e\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ed3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bb8\u4e0b\u7684\u51b3\u5fd7\uff1a\u8d1e\u6d01\u3001\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u987a\u773c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u82e6\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u9053\u7cbe\u795e\u5f3a\u8c03\u82e6\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6cbb\u6b7b\u8089\u4f53\u4e0e\u60c5\u6b32\u3002\u82e6\u884c\u6709\u4e24\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6253\u82e6\u97ad\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u6328\u997f\u53d7\u51bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u514b\u5236\u8089\u4f53\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u5411\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5411\u957f\u4e0a\u5168\u7136\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e9b\u4fee\u9662\u6709\u9759\u9ed8\u7684\u786c\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u4fee\u58eb\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff1b\u53ea\u8bb8\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u5d07\u62dc\u805a\u4f1a\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e0e\u957f\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u529e\u544a\u89e3\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u95f4\u5219\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u5b89\u9759\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u8d1e\u6d01\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d1e\u6d01\u662f\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u5b88\u72ec\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6559\u58eb\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u4fee\u5973\u66f4\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5979\u4eec\u662f\u8bb8\u914d\u4e86\u7ed9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u522b\u4eba\u5a5a\u914d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u7948\u7977\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u9662\u751f\u6d3b\u5341\u5206\u8457\u91cd\u7948\u7977\u3002\u656c\u62dc\u4e0e\u7948\u7977\u8d2f\u7a7f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7948\u7977\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u9ed8\u60f3\u4e0e\u51a5\u60f3\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u7948\u7977\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5021\u8a00\u51a5\u60f3\u624d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u7684\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7948\u7977\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\uff1a\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u662f\u5f00\u58f0\u7948\u7977\uff08vocal\u3000prayer\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u9ed8\u7977\uff08mental\u3000prayer\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5219\u662f\u51a5\u60f3\uff08contemplative\u3000prayer\uff09\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7948\u6c42\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5951\u5408\uff08mystical\u3000union\u3000with\u3000God\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u8d2b\u7a77<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u58eb\u8981\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u820d\u5f03\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4fee\u4f1a\u6216\u4fee\u9662\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u5bcc\uff1b\u7531\u65bc\u5f97\u5230\u4fe1\u5f92\u5927\u7b14\u6350\u732e\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fee\u9662\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u641c\u96c6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8d35\u91cd\u7684\u827a\u672f\u54c1\uff0c\u4fee\u571f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u88d5\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fbf\u6709\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002\uff08The\u3000Friars\uff0c\u53c2\u9875157\uff0d158\uff09\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30006\uff0e\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u571f\u8981\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u653e\u5f03\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fdc\u79bb\u4eba\u70df\uff0c\u8fc7\u79bb\u7fa4\u72ec\u5904\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6253\u4ece\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u4fee\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u58eb\u627f\u62c5\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u62a4\u6559\u3001\u7267\u7075\u4e0e\u4f20\u6559\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u591a\u6570\u8bbe\u5728\u95f9\u5e02\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4fee\u571f\u4ea6\u4e0e\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u6253\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fee\u571f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u5728\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f72\u4e0a\u79bb\u5f00\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u9075\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u559c\u597d\u548c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5fc3\u8fdc\u5730\u81ea\u504f\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000V\uff0e\u672c\u968f\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6ca1\u843d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4fee\u9662\u904d\u5730\u5f00\u82b1\u3002\u6700\u521d\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u5438\u5f15\u4e00\u822c\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u4fee\u9662\u5f00\u59cb\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\uff0c\u62db\u6536\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u52a0\u5165\u4fee\u9662\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fee\u4e66\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4fee\u9662\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u91cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\uff0c\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u6c11\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\uff09\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7d27\u5bc6\u91cd\u53e0\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4fee\u4f1a\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u6df1\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u65ad\uff1b\u4fee\u4f1a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u7279\u522b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u52a0\u5165\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\u52a0\u5165\u4fee\u9662\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u851a\u7136\u6210\u98ce\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u8865\u8d4e\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8865\u8d4e\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u76f8\u5f53\u76db\u884c\u3002\u4eba\u5bf9\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u770b\u5f85\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u8083\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u60ef\u5e38\u4ee5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8981\u662f\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u85c9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bbd\u8d66\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u5ffd\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u8ba4\u7f6a\u6094\u6539\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f97\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8865\u8d4e\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8d5a\u53d6\u5584\u529f\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u6106\u76f8\u62b5\u9500\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u63d0\u53ca\u8865\u8d4e\u4fbf\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u552e\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u957f\u3002\u795e\u752b\u5728\u544a\u89e3\u793c\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8865\u8d4e\u884c\u52a8\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u662f\u7948\u7977\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7981\u98df\u3001\u671d\u5723\u7b49\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u4e0e\u6240\u72af\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u3000923\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6559\u60e9\u7f5a\u66fe\u7ecf\u53c2\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u7cca\u6d82\u67e5\u7406\uff08Charles\u3000the\u3000Simple\uff09\u548c\u6d1b\u7433\u7684\u7f57\u4f2f\uff08Robert\u3000ofLorraine\uff09\u6240\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u65bd\u74e6\u677e\u4e4b\u6218\uff08\u3000Battle\u3000of\u3000Soissons\uff09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u5f97\u6bcf\u5e74\u7981\u98df\u56db\u5341\u5929\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u53ea\u51c6\u8bb8\u8fdb\u98df\u9762\u5305\u3001\u76d0\u548c\u6c34\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u5904\u65bc\u762b\u75ea\u72b6\u6001\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u82e5\u5728\u751f\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u8865\u8d4e\u5de5\u592d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e00\u5904\u5730\u65b9\u505a\u59a5\u8be5\u4f5c\u7684\u8865\u8d4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\uff07\u70bc\u72f1\uff07\uff08purgatory\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5173\u65bc\u70bc\u72f1\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u8c08\u53ca\u70bc\u72f1\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u4e0b\u573a\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bf9\u4e4b\u754f\u60e7\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6d41\u884c\u4ee3\u8d4e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u4ee3\u8d4e\u5462\uff1f\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u901d\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u8d5a\u53d6\u7684\u5584\u529f\u591a\u65bc\u4ed6\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\u6240\u5f97\u586b\u8865\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5269\u9980\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u8d60\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e3a\u4ea1\u8005\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5584\u529f\uff0c\u4ffe\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u65e9\u8131\u70bc\u72f1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u636e\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u6211\u4fe1\u5723\u5f92\u76f8\u901a\u3002\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff07\u5723\u5f92\u6709\u901a\u5584\u529f\u4e4b\u4e49\uff07\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u4ee3\u8d4e\uff07\u6216\uff07\u901a\u529f\uff07\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d35\u65cf\u4e4b\u5bb6\u6216\u56e0\u53c2\u4e0e\u653b\u57ce\u63a0\u5730\u7b49\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u8c0b\u8d22\u800c\u505a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u72af\u4e0a\u5f25\u5929\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u603b\u8f83\u5e73\u6c11\u767e\u59d3\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u5b89\u5168\u5962\u60f3\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4fbf\u662f\u6d3e\u4e00\u3001\u4e24\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u5165\u4fee\u9662\u6210\u4e3a\u4fee\u571f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u4ee3\u8868\u767d\u8272\u6b89\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u6b89\u9053\u662f\u82b8\u82b8\u5584\u529f\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u4e0a\u5929\u5802\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4fee\u58eb\u5927\u591a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5b8c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8d5a\u53d6\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5269\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4fbf\u53ef\u5206\u4e88\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8865\u8d4e\u89c2\u5ff5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5c11\u8d35\u65cf\u5bb6\u5ead\u9001\u5b50\u5f1f\u5165\u4fee\u9662\u5b66\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5360\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u53d6\u51b3\u65bc\u62e5\u6709\u5c01\u9091\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e3b\u6743\u901a\u5e38\u5f52\u5927\u513f\u5b50\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5176\u9980\u4f17\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u5bb6\u4ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5206\u5bb6\u4ea7\u6bcb\u5b81\u7b49\u65bc\u964d\u4f4e\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u6df7\u4e71\u53ca\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u5927\u90fd\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b88\u4e1a\uff0c\u8981\u521b\u4e1a\u751a\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\u7531\u65bc\u5206\u4e0d\u5230\u7530\u4ea7\u800c\u524d\u9014\u65e0\u8457\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4fbf\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5230\u5904\u6d41\u6d6a\u7684\u6b66\u571f\uff08\u6b66\u58eb\u90fd\u51fa\u8eab\u65bc\u8d35\u65cf\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u8d35\u65cf\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u519b\u4e8b\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u9662\u6b63\u662f\u5b89\u7f6e\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\u7684\u597d\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u53ea\u987b\u5949\u732e\u4e00\u7b14\u91d1\u94b1\u6216\u571f\u5730\uff08\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u5927\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u9001\u5b50\u5f1f\u5165\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u4fbf\u7531\u4fee\u9662\u627f\u5305\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u8870\u843d\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6781\u5cf0\u5f8c\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u8870\u843d\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u7075\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u64cd\u7ec3\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e0d\u8457\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u6027\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u65bc\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5426\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u8d85\u7075\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u7ec3\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5f7b\u5e95\u987a\u773c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u6548\u5730\u64cd\u7ec3\u987a\u773c\uff0c\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u5fc5\u987b\u6108\u7b80\u5355\u6108\u597d\uff1b\u7e41\u590d\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\u53ea\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6761\u6587\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u91cd\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fee\u9662\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u6dfb\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u6761\uff0c\u4f7f\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u6108\u6765\u6108\u7e41\u7410\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u610f\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5916\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u523b\u677f\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u80c6\u4eba\u793c\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u5012\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7075\u6027\u57f9\u517b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u6709\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u6446\u8131\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5916\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u66f4\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6559\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\uff08Anselm\uff0c\u7ea6\u30001033\uff0d1109\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7406\u8d1d\u514b\uff08Bec\uff09\u4e0e\u574e\u7279\u4f2f\u96f7\uff08Canterbury\uff09\u4e24\u95f4\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u6781\u6b32\u904f\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5185\u5728\u7684\u656c\u8654\u987b\u4ee5\u4f9d\u5faa\u5916\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4fee\u9662\u89c4\u7ae0\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u52c9\u529b\u9075\u5faa\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u66f4\u58f0\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4fee\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4fee\u9662\u6240\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u66f4\u656c\u8654\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5df2\u72af\u9519\uff1b\u4fee\u571f\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u987a\u670d\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u8fd9\u756a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6320\u6108\u6765\u6108\u6f8e\u6e43\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u529d\u5bfc\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u6620\u5427\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u5174\u5efa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u501a\u9760\u56fd\u738b\u6216\u8d35\u65cf\u5949\u732e\u4e00\u5e45\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8be5\u5e45\u58eb\u5730\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u6765\u4f9b\u5e94\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u5404\u9879\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u7b2c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u53ca\u8d35\u65cf\u518d\u65e0\u80fd\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e00\u5e45\u9762\u79ef\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u5949\u732e\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e24\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u519c\u5e84\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u5c0f\u7247\u571f\u5730\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4e00\u4e2a\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u7267\u573a\u6216\u8461\u8404\u56ed\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f9b\u517b\u4e00\u5bb6\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u6570\u4e2a\u571f\u5730\u5949\u732e\u5355\u4f4d\u5408\u5e76\u4f9b\u517b\u4e00\u5bb6\u4fee\u9662\uff1b\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u5206\u6563\u9020\u6210\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\uff0c\u4fee\u9662\u5f97\u6d3e\u4fee\u58eb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u9662\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u539f\u672c\u5f3a\u8c03\u96c6\u4f53\u987a\u773c\u7684\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u6ca1\u843d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6108\u6765\u6108\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u4fee\u9662\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u574e\u7279\u4f2f\u96f7\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u4fee\u9662\uff08ChristChurch\uff09\u57281120\u5e74\u5c1a\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4fee\u58eb\uff0c\u57281207\u5e74\u51cf\u81f3\u516d\u5341\u56db\u4eba\u3002\u9020\u6210\u4fee\u58eb\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9662\u957f\u53ca\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4fee\u58eb\u5728\u5404\u6837\u4eab\u53d7\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u641c\u96c6\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u9662\u6536\u5165\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u4fbf\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u4e86\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u656c\u8654\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e14\u591a\u6570\u662f\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f8c\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VI\uff0e\u65b0\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u6ca1\u843d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u5174\u4fee\u4f1a\u76f8\u7ee7\u6210\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u800c\u53c8\u6b32\u8ffd\u6c42\u656c\u8654\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\u4e00\u822c\u89c4\u6a21\u751a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u6210\u7acb\u5178\u793c\u6216\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u77e5\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u7f18\u8d77\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u7ee7\u91c7\u7eb3\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5728\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u5199\u7ed9\u4e00\u7fa4\u5987\u5973\u6307\u5bfc\u5979\u4eec\u8fc7\u4fee\u9053\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e3a\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u5f8c\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e14\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002\uff08Augustinian\u3000Order\uff09\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e0e\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u677e\u6563\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u7279\u8272\u662f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u8bbe\u7acb\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u3002\u4e0d\u79bb\u7fa4\u72ec\u5c45\uff0c\u5374\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u80e1\u592b\u4fee\u9662\uff08\u3000Abbey\u3000of\u3000St\uff0eRuf\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u5341\u591a\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcb\u987b\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4fee\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5165\u4e16\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4fee\u58eb\u88ab\u5524\u4f5c\u6559\u58eb\u800c\u975e\u4fee\u571f\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u524d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u7199\u7b03\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fee\u4f1a\u662f\u7199\u7b03\u4f1a\uff08Cistercians\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5165\u4e16\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fdc\u79bb\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fc7\u9690\u4fee\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8981\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u5e84\u56ed\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u9644\u8fd1\u5df2\u65e0\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u4eb5\u7684\u7528\u5730\uff0c\u6545\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fee\u571f\u4e43\u5728\u4eba\u8ff9\u7f55\u81f3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5e26\u540c\u5bb6\u5f53\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u534f\u52a9\u8015\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d74\u8fb9\u7586\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u571f\u5730\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u7199\u7b03\u4f1a\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u5ea7\u843d\u5728\u7531\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5728\u8fd1\u4e1c\u5f81\u670d\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08Crusading\u3000Order\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fee\u9662\u5f3a\u8c03\u590d\u5174\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u5df2\u544a\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u7b80\u6734\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u58eb\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u8fc7\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u4fed\u6734\u3001\u5355\u7eaf\u3001\u656c\u8654\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4fee\u9662\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5404\u4fee\u58eb\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u957f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u519b\u961f\u4e00\u6837\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Vll\uff0e\u6258\u610f\u4fee\u4e66\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6210\u7acb\u80cc\u666f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u672b\u671f\uff08Higher\u3000Middle\u3000Age\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6fc0\u70c8\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u56e0\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u597d\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u4f4f\u5c4b\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u7b49\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u517b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ea6\u5f97\u76f8\u5e94\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e0e\u519c\u6751\u7684\u9759\u6001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5927\uff0c\u795e\u752b\u4e0d\u6613\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7267\u517b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e92\u76f8\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6613\u7528\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u89c4\uff08Canon\u3000Law\uff09\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u6545\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u8425\u5546\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e86\u6811\u7acb\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u548c\u8363\u8a89\uff0c\u4e43\u65a5\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u88ab\u79f0\u8bba\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5927\u5b66?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u5904\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08The\u3000Friars\uff09\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u7acb<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\uff08Dominicans\uff09\u4e0e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\uff08Franciscans\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u662f\u9053\u660e\uff08Dominic\uff0c1170\u3000\u20261221\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u539f\u4e3a\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4f1a\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u57281206\u5e74\u968f\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e3b\u6559\u524d\u8d74\u8499\u67cf\u5c3c\uff08MontPellier\uff09\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\uff1a\u4e9a\u52d2\u6bd4\u6839\u65af\u6d3e\uff08Albigenses\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u6279\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u3002\u9053\u660e\u53d1\u73b0\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u8457\u592a\u591a\u590d\u6742\u94fa\u5f20\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u524d\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4f17\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\uff1b\u3000\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a73\u65a5\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f02\u7aef\u4fe1\u5949\u8005\u5bf9\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6307\u6458\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u59a8\u788d\u4eba\u5f97\u8457\u771f\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\u3002\u9053\u660e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u6210\u529f\u62b5\u5fa1\u5f02\u7aef\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5916\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u4e0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f92\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u30021217\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u5728\u7a77\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ece\u4e8b\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4e0e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u7ae5\u5e74\u4e0e\u6210\u957f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\uff08Francis\u3000of\u3000Assist\uff0c1182\uff0d1226\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u897f\u897f\u57ce\uff08Assisi\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u5e03\u5546\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u51fa\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u521a\u597d\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e43\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8d77\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08Giovanni\uff09\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1b\u7236\u4eb2\u56de\u6765\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4ee5\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a77\u63aa\u5927\u6765\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u6b23\u8d4f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e43\u6613\u5176\u5b50\u540d\u4e3a\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\uff08Franceso\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u81ea\u5c11\u5373\u559c\u7231\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a77\u4e4f\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u4e00\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7ea8\u88e4\u5b50\u5f1f\u822c\u8c6a\u5962\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u5148\u534f\u52a9\u7236\u4eb2\u7ecf\u8425\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u7acb\u5fd7\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b66\u571f\uff0c\u5f8c\u56e0\u591a\u6b21\u542c\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u547c\u53ec\uff1a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u50bb\u5b50\uff08Simpletom\uff09\u3002\u6545\u4ed6\u4ee5\u670d\u4f8d\u8d2b\u7a77\u4eba\u4e3a\u6bd5\u751f\u804c\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5fd7\u4e0e\u7a77\u4eba\u5f7b\u5e95\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u8fc7\u8d64\u8d2b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u7a7f\u8457\u4e5e\u4e10\u822c\u7684\u7834\u70c2\u8863\u88f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ebb\u75af\u75c5\u4eba\u4eb2\u543b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u81ea\u5df1\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u626d\u8f6c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u72ec\u81ea\u7684\u514b\u5df2\u9690\u4fee\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f8c\uff0c1209\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u72ec\u81ea\u9690\u4fee\u7684\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u91cc\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u5230\u5904\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u529d\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fc7\u5408\u4e4e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u8ffd\u968f\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53d8\u5356\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7ed9\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e13\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u8ddf\u968f\u4e3b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e0e\u795e\u8d2b\u514b\u5df1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001210\u5e74\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u8fde\u540c\u5341\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u4e4b\u571f\uff0c\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u5411\u6559\u7687\u7533\u8bf7\u6210\u7acb\uff07\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\uff07\uff08Franciscans\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb2\u9053\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u653e\u5f03\u4e0e\u53d8\u5356\u4e00\u5207\u5206\u4e88\u7a77\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0e\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u3001\u7199\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u53ca\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4fee\u58eb\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u6548\u6cd5\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u8651\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\u90fd\u662f\u8bb8\u613f\u8fc7\u8d2b\u7a77\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4fee\u9662\u6216\u4fee\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u4fee\u9662\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e30\u539a\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\u8c6a\u5962\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u8fc7\u6e05\u8d2b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fee\u58eb\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4fee\u9662\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u54c0\u77dc\u6bd4\u88c5\u9970\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u88c5\u9970\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u4e3d\u5802\u7687\u7684\u796d\u53f0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fdd\u80cc\u798f\u97f3\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u5149\u8457\u796d\u53f0\uff0c\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u4e00\u70b9\u88c5\u9970\u54c1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u5f97\u597d\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6709\u7a77\u4eba\u524d\u6765\u4fee\u9662\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u800c\u4fee\u9662\u53c8\u5df2\u65e0\u8d22\u7269\u53ef\u5e03\u65bd\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u628a\u796d\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u54c1\u62ff\u53bb\u53d8\u5356\u597d\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u4fee\u9662\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6545\u4fee\u58eb\u4e43\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u8fc7\u8d64\u8d2b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fee\u58eb\u53ea\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u5916\u8863\u3001\u4e00\u6839\u7ef3\u5b50\u3001\u4e24\u6761\u88e4\u5b50\uff0c\u8e72\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u6bcf\u665a\u7761\u5728\u4e7e\u8349\u5806\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u4ea7\u53ef\u4f9b\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u529b\u8c0b\u751f\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f38\u624b\u5411\u4eba\u8ba8\u996d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u514b\uff07\u795e\u8d2b\uff07\uff08holy\u3000poverty\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u7aed\u529b\u514b\u5236\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5403\u996d\u65f6\u9884\u9632\u8d2a\u98df\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u9047\u4e0a\u597d\u996d\u83dc\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u4e00\u70b9\u7070\u5c18\u6492\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u6d47\u4e0a\u4e00\u70b9\u51b7\u6c34\uff0c\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u996d\u83dc\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u665a\u4e0a\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u5750\u8457\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u4e25\u51ac\u8df3\u8fdb\u6cb3\u4e2d\u6d17\u6fa1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u953b\u70bc\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0e\u611f\u60c5\u6b32\u671b\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4f9b\u7075\u9b42\u9a71\u7528\u7684\u4ec6\u5f79\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u59d1\u606f\u7eb5\u5bb9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u670d\u4f8d\u8d2b\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u5207\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90fd\u5206\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u539f\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u7a77\u4eba\u539f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u597d\u5f1f\u5144\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u4ed6\u501f\u4e86\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u77e5\u9053\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u65bc\u5929\u751f\u8c26\u5351\u3001\u7b80\u6734\u7684\u6027\u683c\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4ece\u672a\u8003\u8651\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e3a\uff07\u6258\u94b5\u5c0f\u4fee\u4f1a\uff07\uff08friarsminor\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u8d2b\u5bcc\u60ac\u6b8a\uff0c\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u7eb8\u9189\u91d1\u8ff7\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7a77\u5962\u6781\u4f88\uff1b\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4f17\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u538c\u5f03\u6559\u4f1a\u94fa\u5f20\u5962\u534e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e34\u6155\u8fd4\u749e\u5f52\u771f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u56de\u590d\u6700\u5355\u7eaf\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6545\u90fd\u6bc5\u7136\u8ffd\u968f\u4ed6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u56e2\u4f53\u5949\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4e4b\u540d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u523b\u610f\u7981\u6b62\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u4f1a\u89c4\u4e0e\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u4fee\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u6050\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u65bc\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u4e43\u57281515\u5e74\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u4fee\u4f1a\u8ba2\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u4f1a\u89c4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u6cbf\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4f1a\u89c4\u3002\u5728\u30001209\u5e74\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u66fe\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u591a\u5c14\u591a\u6cb3\uff08River\u3000Torto\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u89c4\u7ae0\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aRegulaPrimitiva\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5723\u7ecf\u91d1\u53e5\uff08\u5982\u592a\u53419\uff0d10\uff0c\u5341\u516d24\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d21\uff1b\u8def\u4e09\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u4e25\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u95e8\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u89c4\u6761\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001217\u5e74\uff0c\u4fee\u4f1a\u4eba\u6570\u6e10\u591a\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5c0f\u89c4\u7ae0\u4e0d\u6577\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u4efb\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u5411\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u80e1\u9ad8\u9e9f\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\uff08Cardinal\u3000Ugolino\uff09\u3002\u80e1\u9ad8\u9e9f\u4ee5\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\uff0c\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e86\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u89c4\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u795e\u8d2b\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u4e0e\u300a\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002122I\u5e74\uff0c\u4fee\u4f1a\u83b7\u51c6\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u5b88\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u987b\u7f16\u5199\u4f1a\u89c4\u3002\u5728\u5f1f\u5b50\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u672c\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\uff08RegulsPrima\uff09\u3002\u30001223\u5e74\uff0c\u4f1a\u89c4\u4e24\u5ea6\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u632a\u7559\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Honorius\u3000Ill\uff09\u7684\u6279\u51c6\uff08\u662f\u4e3a\u3000Regula\u3000Bullata\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u505a\u8865\u8d4e\u82e6\u5de5\u548c\u50cf\u4f7f\u5f92\u822c\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4f1a\u89c4\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u4fee\u4f1a\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5f1f\u5144\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u3001\u7948\u7977\u7684\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7167\u987e\u8d2b\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u5174\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u53ca\u533b\u9662\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ce8\u91cd\u8bb2\u9053\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7a77\u4eba\u6781\u5c11\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ef\u8c13\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4fee\u58eb\u613f\u610f\u6559\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u80fd\u53ef\u8d35\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u7687\u5370\u8bfa\u751f\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Innocent\u3000Ill\uff0c\u30001198\uff0d1216\uff09\u7684\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\u79ef\u6781\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u767d\u5929\u5230\u5404\u57ce\u9547\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u4e13\u5fc3\u65bc\u7948\u7977\u9ed8\u60f3\u7684\u64cd\u7ec3\u3002\u53ca\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u8303\u56f4\u9010\u6e10\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u57281214\u81f31215\u5e74\u95f4\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u5411\u6469\u5c14\u4eba\uff08the\u3000Moors\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6cbf\u5cb8\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u56de\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6cdb\u79f0\uff09\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u56e0\u5065\u5eb7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u975e\u6d32\u30021219\u5e74\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u968f\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u524d\u8d74\u5723\u5730\uff0c\u8e0f\u8db3\u4e1c\u6b27\u53ca\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u5411\u56de\u6559\u5f92\u4f20\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u901d\u4e16\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u65bc1217\u81f31218\u5e74\u95f4\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u89d0\u89c1\u6559\u5ba4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u9053\u660e\u521d\u6b21\u4f1a\u9762\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u60fa\u60fa\u76f8\u60dc\uff0c\u501f\u636e\u8bf4\u66fe\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u9053\u660e\u65bc1220\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4fee\u4f1a\u5e38\u52a1\u5927\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e0d\u51c6\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u770b\u9f50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u7684\u611f\u53ec\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u6837\u751f\u65bc\u4e9a\u897f\u897f\u57ce\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u5609\u52d2\uff08Clare\u3000SCifi\uff0c\u7ea61194\uff0d1253\uff09\u8ffd\u968f\u4ed6\u8fc7\u795e\u8d2b\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u83b7\u6279\u51c6\u6210\u7acb\uff07\u5609\u52d2\u5973\u4fee\u4f1a\uff07\uff08poor\u3000Clares\u2019\uff09\uff0c\u4fee\u4f1a\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4e0d\u5584\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u65bc1219\u5e74\u524d\u8d74\u4e1c\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4fee\u4f1a\u8f6c\u7531\u522b\u4eba\u988c\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u55e3\u5f8c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u628a\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u4e89\u53d6\u56de\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5bfc\u5e08\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001224\u5e749\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u5728\u4e9a\u5c14\u5dcd\u5c14\u90a3\u5c71\uff08Mt\uff0eAlvernia\uff09\u5411\u8036\u7a23\u7948\u6c42\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5728\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u80fd\u66f4\u771f\u5207\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u516d\u53ea\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u5929\u4f7f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u8fd9\u5929\u4f7f\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u7779\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5723\u5bb9\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u53cc\u624b\u548c\u53cc\u8db3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u88ab\u9489\u7a7f\u8fc7\u3001\u4e0d\u505c\u6e17\u8840\u7684\u9489\u5b54\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u8170\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u67aa\u523a\u4f24\u7684\u4f24\u75a4\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e0d\u505c\u6dcc\u8840\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e94\u4f24\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001226\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u666f\u4ef0\u4ed6\u7684\u80e1\u9ad8\u9e9f\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\u65bc1227\u5e74\u88ab\u9009\u7acb\u4e3a\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u8d35\u52fe\u5229\u4e5d\u4e16\uff08Gregory\u3000IV\uff09\uff1a\u30001228\u5e747\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u88ab\u518c\u5c01\u4e3a\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u5723\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\u3001\u8c26\u5351\u4e0e\u670d\u4f8d\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u65f6\u5df2\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u8bf5\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e8b\u8ff9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u8ff9\u5947\u4e8b\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u5728\u300a\u5723\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u82b1\u300b\u3000Little\u3000Flowers\u3000of\u3000St\u3002\u3000Francis\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u673a\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u5177\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u5438\u6536\u7684\u65b0\u4eba\u591a\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u8d35\u65cf\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4f46\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\uff09\u5927\u62b5\u4e0d\u6613\u5438\u5f15\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\u4eba\u3002\u5e73\u6c11\u5316\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e86\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u6d3b\u6cfc\u8d77\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5fd7\u5207\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u6545\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u526f\u673a\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7adf\u5f97\u6816\u8eab\u4e4b\u6240\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u6307\u6d3e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5143\u4ee3\u53ca\u660e\u4ee3\u6765\u534e\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u53ca\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u6bd4\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u6765\u5f97\u5f7b\u5e95\u3002\u4fee\u58eb\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u957f\u4e0a\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u5373\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u7edd\u5bf9\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u9063\u8c03\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u8ba4\u5b9a\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a77\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u6b7b\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u906d\u9047\u903c\u8feb\u4e5f\u522b\u65e0\u9000\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8ba4\u771f\u638c\u63e1\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u8f83\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4f55\u8c13\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f\u8bd5\u7565\u8ff0\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4f60\u5bf9\u5c5e\u7075\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u6709\u4f55\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u672c\u7b03\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6ca1\u843d\u8ddf\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u8054\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u6258\u94b5\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e43\u81f3\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u4fee\u9053\u7cbe\u795e\uff1f\u8bf7\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u8bfe\u3000\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u4e3a\u751a\u4e48\u4f60\u4ecd\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56de\u6eaf\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8eab\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c5e\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e86\u89e3\u8981\u627f\u63a5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u8d23\u65e0\u65c1\u8d37\u7684\u3002\u672c\u8bfe\u4fbf\u4ee5\u63a2\u8ba8\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u56e0\u5f8c\u679c\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u5c06\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4e3b\u89d2\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u4ee5\u5148\uff0c\u90fd\u672a\u66fe\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u505a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u771f\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u67d0\u79cd\u673a\u7f18\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u624d\u78b0\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5fd7\u4fe1\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u95ee\u8fd9\u5bb6\u5730\u65b9\u5802\u4f1a\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8bba\u6311\u9009\u751a\u9ebd\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e86\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u51b3\u5fd7\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u53d1\u89c9\u539f\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\uff08evangelicals\uff09\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u67d0\u5bb6\u5802\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u8bba\u559c\u6b22\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u91cc\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5c0f\u4f20\u7edf\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6beb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5374\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8eab\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u8bef\u4f1a\uff0c\u6211\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9f13\u5439\u5c06\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u89c6\u4f5c\uff07\u6c49\u8d3c\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\uff07\u3000\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u672a\u89c6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u3002\u65e0\u7591\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u9519\u8c2c\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u65bc\u5f02\u7aef\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u662f\u5168\u65e0\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff1f\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ad9\u5728\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u9635\u8425\u91cc\uff1f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7eb5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5404\u79cd\u5076\u7136\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u987b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\uff08\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\uff09\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u8eab\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u7406\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u53d7\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e66\u672c\u6216\u6559\u5bfc\u6240\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7247\u9762\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9519\u8c2c\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u65ad\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6b8a\u4e0d\u516c\u9053\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u7b26\u5386\u53f2\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4ecd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6559\u7687\u5747\u662f\u60df\u6743\u662f\u5c1a\u3001\u54c1\u683c\u5351\u52a3\u3001\u8d2a\u8d22\u597d\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u4eca\u4ecd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u63a8\u9500\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u5462\uff01\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u8c08\u4e00\u8c08\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7eb5\u4f7f\u53cd\u5bf9\u552e\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u662f\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u53d1\u52a8\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u552e\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5206\u522b\u6240\u5728\u5427\uff01\u552e\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08\u3000Council\u3000of\u3000Trent\uff0c1545\uff0d63\uff09\u5f8c\u505c\u6b62\u53d1\u552e\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u8fd8\u672a\u80fd\u7834\u955c\u91cd\u5706\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u914d\u5076\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u575a\u62d2\u4e0e\u4ed6\uff0f\u5979\u6765\u5f80\u5427\uff1f\u662f\u751a\u9ebd\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5404\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u552e\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8fc7\u5f80\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9519\u5931\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u5b83\u5206\u7acb\u2014\u2014\u96be\u9053\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u4fbf\u6beb\u65e0\u9519\u8bef\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u5728\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5417\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9ed1\u6697\u8150\u8d25\u5417\uff1f\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u7687\u82e5\u671b\u4fdd\u7984\u4e8c\u4e16\u975e\u5e38\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u9886\u8896\u3002\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u751a\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u7acb\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5f02\u540c\uff1b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5984\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f20\u6cef\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u5b97\u6d3e\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u9f13\u5439\u300c\u5b97\u6559\u8c03\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Religious\u3000Syncretism\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u542c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3001\u59a5\u534f\u3001\u7834\u9664\u95e8\u6237\u4e4b\u89c1\u7b49\u8c8c\u4f3c\u51a0\u5195\u5802\u7687\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5206\u6b67\u90fd\u641e\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u5c11\u5982\u4eca\u63a8\u52a8\u5c5e\u7075\u64cd\u7ec3\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5d07\u62dc\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u515c\u552e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ec9\u4ef7\u795e\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\uff07\u53cd\u795e\u5b66\uff07\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7075\u4fee\u795e\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u51a5\u60f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7948\u7977\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u2014\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u5bf9\u9f13\u5439\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u5165\u5f02\u7aef\u7684\u884c\u5217\u53bb\uff1b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u901a\uff08\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff08analogy\u3000of\u3000being\uff09\u3015\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u672c\u4f53\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u975e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u901a\u878d\u4f59\u5730\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u4fe1\uff08Conviction\uff09\u53ca\u59d4\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u53ef\u63a5\u7eb3\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u6b23\u8d4f\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u8981\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u65bc\u6b7b\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u91c7\u53d6\u8f83\u67d4\u548c\u3001\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u8bed\u8c03\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c42\u9762\u8bf4\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5374\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u80af\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5426\u5219\u4fe1\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4fbf\u518d\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5f8c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u9f13\u5439\u5f8c\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5f8b\u4ee4\uff1b\u4f46\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6001\u5ea6\u5374\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u53cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u7ec8\u4f1a\u843d\u5230\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5883\u5730\u53bb\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff1f\u517c\u5bb9\u5e76\u84c4\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u80af\u5b9a\u518d\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u7978\u798f\u6538\u5173\u4e86\uff1b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u8005\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u53d6\u5411\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u8ddf\u4f60\u8bf4\uff07\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bfc\u4eba\u5411\u5584\uff07\uff0c\u6545\u4fe1\u57fa\u9ebd\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u65f6\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6301\u6b64\u5b97\u6559\u6001\u5ea6\u8005\u751a\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b03\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\uff07\u4e16\u4fd7\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff07\uff08Secular\u3000Humanism\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f8c\u8005\u624d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fe1\u4ef0\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u6982\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7275\u5f15\u4e24\u4e2a\u66f4\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u751a\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u6784\u6210\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u9886\u53d7\u751a\u4e48\u5c5e\u7075\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u914d\u6210\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u672a\u66fe\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u5148\uff1b\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8d44\u6599\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4e00\u573a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u89c9\u9192\u8fd0\u52a8<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5c5e\u7075\u89c9\u9192\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6000\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\uff3b\u5982\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Nationalism\uff09\uff07\u3000\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff08\u53cd\u6559\u7687\u8d4b\u7a0e\uff09\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u6216\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5982\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff1a\u82e5\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u4e16\u4fd7\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u83b7\u81f4\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u5f97\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece\u5176\u8087\u7aef\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u7075\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u800c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9488\u5bf9\u8457\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u9769\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u91cd\u89c6\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6069\u8d50\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7075\u4fee\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u5012\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9\u90fd\u5177\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6069\u8d50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u80af\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u795e\u5723\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff07\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8eab\u5206\u4e0e\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u5272\u7684\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u82e5\u62e5\u6709\u4e0e\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u795e\u5723\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u5e7f\u4f20\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea6\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u80a9\u8d1f\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e86\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u5360\u538b\u5012\u6027\u4f4d\u8d23\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u6069\u7684\u603b\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u6d3e\u9f13\u52b1\u4fe1\u5f92\u5e73\u65e5\u7075\u4fee\u8bfb\u7ecf\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u5c5e\u7075\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u4fee\u8bfb\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u795e\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e43\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u542c\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4fe1\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u3001\u4fe1\u4e9b\u751a\u9ebd\u7b49\u5e94\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u539f\u5219\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4fbf\u6253\u53d1\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5f97\u72ec\u81ea\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7eb5\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u672c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6d3b\u51fa\u90a3\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c5e\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5784\u65ad\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u627f\u5305\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u6240\u62c5\u5f53\u7684\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u8005\uff08resourcePerson\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5723\u7ecf\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u6559\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1b\u4f46\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff08mediator\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6574\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u5473\u9053\u8fc7\u65bc\u6d53\u539a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u8db3\u6709\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5ba3\u6559\u5173\u6000\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0d\u79ef\u6781\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u5143\u671d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4fbf\u5df2\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u534e\u7684\u4e30\u529f\u4f1f\u4e1a\uff0c\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u66fe\u542c\u95fb\u3002\u53cd\u89c2\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u6b20\u7f3a\u5bf9\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5927\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\uff07\u5baa\u5236\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff07\uff08Magisterial\u3000Reformation\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u53d1\u6e90\u81ea\u6c11\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u610f\u5473\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff07\u3000\uff08RadicalRcformation\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bbe\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56de\u5e94\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u66f4\u65b0\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff07\u3000\uff08Catholic\u3000Reformation\uff0c\u6216\u79f0Counter\u3000Reformation\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u5219\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5171\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5baa\u5236\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5355\u5c31\u5baa\u5236\u4e4b\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\uff08a\uff09\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\uff08\u3000Lutheran\uff09\uff1a1517\u5e74\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08b\uff09\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\uff08\u3000Calvinistic\uff09\uff1a\u3000\u59cb\u81ea1520\u5e74\u7684\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08c\uff09\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff08Anglican\uff09\uff1a\u7ea6\u57281520\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\uff08Henry\u3000Vlll\uff09\u63a8\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5018\u82e5\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u6307\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5177\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u5e94\u7b97\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u9a73\u65a5\u3001\u85c9\u51fa\u7248\u7981\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f02\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf\u4f5c\u6297\u8861\uff1a\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u56e0\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u75db\u5b9a\u601d\u75db\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u63a8\u884c\u6539\u9769\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5174\u529e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u6587\u5316\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8403\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u6210\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u5927\u5b66\uff08WittenbergUniversity\uff09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u4fbf\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u5374\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u8d35\u65cf\u2014\u2014\u6492\u677e\u5c3c\u7684\u9009\u4faf\u3001\u7ef0\u53f7\uff07\u667a\u8005\uff07\u7684\u5f17\u5f97\u70c8\uff08EIector\u3000Frederick\u3000the\u3000Wise\u3000of\u3000Saxony\uff1b1486\u20261525\uff09\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6545\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6559\u7687\u6cbb\u6743\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ca\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u9042\u6210\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5b73\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u7075\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u89c9\u9192\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u7075\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6216\u7267\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u5343\u9980\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e86\u7247\u9762\u800c\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6307\u6458\u6559\u4f1a\u65e9\u5728\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u5df2\u5815\u843d\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u6210\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u56fd\u6559\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u66f4\u6df1\u9677\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u671f\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6781\u5176\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u76f8\u9694\u4e0d\u6b62\u5343\u91cc\u4e4b\u9065\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff08\u4e5f\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7edd\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6216\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u5343\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5747\u5904\u65bc\u6f06\u9ed1\u4e00\u7247\u4e2d\u3002\u82e5\u8bf4\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7adf\u6709\u8fd1\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u57fa\u7763\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5143\u9996\u3001\u5723\u7075\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u60e0\u5e08\uff0c\u4fbf\u96be\u9003\u5931\u804c\u7684\u5acc\u7591\u4e86\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u671f\u8fdc\u8f83\u5149\u660e\u65f6\u671f\u4e3a\u591a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u4ea6\u751a\u53ef\u7591\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u504f\u6fc0\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u81ea\u4fdd\u7f57\u5f8c\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u4e14\u8981\u5f85\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u62e8\u4e71\u53cd\u6b63\u3002\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u6559\u4f1a\u8db3\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u5e74\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u53eb\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5462\uff01\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u5927\u81ea\u4e49\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u53eb\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f6a\u6076\u6ee1\u8d2f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6a21\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\u3002\u968f\u8457\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u5f97\u843d\u4f0d\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5efa\u9020\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7075\uff1b\u6614\u65e5\u90a3\u79cd\u4f9d\u9644\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4fe1\u6258\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5723\u793c\u7b49\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u96be\u4ee5\u5b89\u987f\u6e34\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u81ea\u884c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5fc3\u7075\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5341\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u5371\u673a\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u77e5\u7684\uff1b\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5747\u611f\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u53ec\u5f00\u5927\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u63a8\u884c\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u5747\u672a\u66fe\u89c1\u6548\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4f01\u56fe\u900f\u8fc7\u91cd\u632f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7075\u6027\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u91d1\u78a7\u58eb\uff08Thomas\u3000Kempis\uff09\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u6548\u6cd5\u57fa\u7763\u300b\uff08ImitationOf\u3000Christ\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u5199\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u5168\u4e66\u5ba3\u626c\u7684\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u4fed\u6734\u3001\u51fa\u4e16\u7b49\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u85c9\u6b64\u633d\u6551\u6559\u4f1a\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u9893\u98ce\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u5efa\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u9759\u6001\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u63a8\u9500\u51fa\u4e16\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9f13\u5439\u540c\u6837\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4fbf\u80af\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u9694\u9602\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b23\u8d4f\u3001\u7fa1\u6155\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6b32\u79bb\u5f00\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5374\u76fc\u671b\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u4fe1\u4ef0\u610f\u4e49\u5f15\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u65e9\u544a\u5931\u6548\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u56e0\u8457\u8fd9\u5931\u6548\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5c5e\u973e\u5f0a\u75c5\uff0c\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u53d8\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u4e86\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\u3002\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6863\u6848\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5bb6\u5883\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e1a\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u5c5e\u7075\u6323\u624e\u4e0e\u51fa\u8def\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6323\u624e\uff1a\u7acb\u5fd7\u4e3a\u5584\u7531\u5f97\u6211\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u51fa\u6765\u7531\u4e0d\u5f97\u6211<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u4e2a\u656c\u8654\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u8fc7\u5b8c\u5168\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u91cc\u4e00\u81f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8ffd\u6c42\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u843d\u5728\u6323\u624e\u4e0e\u7edd\u671b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u662f\uff1a\u6108\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4fbf\u6108\u89e6\u78b0\u5230\u5fc3\u91cc\u5f77\u4f5b\u662f\u624e\u4e86\u6839\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\uff1b\u6108\u8981\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u6108\u6709\u53cd\u53db\u7684\u610f\u5ff5\uff1a\u6108\u8981\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4fbf\u6108\u53d1\u73b0\u7075\u9b42\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u6108\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u79bb\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u7acb\u5fd7\u4e3a\u5584\u7531\u5f97\u6211\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u51fa\u6765\u7531\u4e0d\u5f97\u6211\u300d\uff08\u7f57\u4e0318\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u843d\u5165\u6781\u6df1\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u62d4\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u30001510\u81f31511\u5e74\u95f4\u524d\u8d74\u7f57\u9a6c\u671d\u5723\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u5bfb\u6c42\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5371\u673a\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5374\u4ec5\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0e\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u6559\u5ef7\u6df1\u6df1\u5931\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u51fa\u8def\uff1a\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u5e74\uff08\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u300c\u91cd\u751f\u300d\u65e5\u671f\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f1512\u81f31519\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a1516\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u8def\u5fb7\u8bfb\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u4e00\u7ae017\u8282\uff1a\u60df\u4e49\u4eba\u5fc5\u56e0\u4fe1\u5f97\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u775b\u7a81\u7136\u8c41\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u56f0\u6270\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u8282\u7ecf\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u770b\u5230\u60df\u6709\u85c9\u8457\u4fe1\u5fc3\u800c\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u770b\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u521a\u597d\u5c06\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u610f\u601d\u53cd\u8f6c\u8fc7\u6765\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u8282\u7ecf\u6587\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u786e\u4fe1\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u9760\u5df1\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u656c\u8654\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u5f97\u8499\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u60a6\u7eb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u656c\u4e0d\u8654\u7684\uff1b\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7518\u65bc\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u85c9\u81ea\u529b\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u7684\u5984\u60f3\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u7eb3\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1b\u56e0\u8457\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e49\u4eba\uff08\u79f0\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u679c\u6548\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u8fde\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8eb2\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u5f8c\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u773c\u76ee\u4e0d\u518d\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u6d4e\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u628a\u539f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u8f6c\u62e8\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u56e0\u8457\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u79f0\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u4e00\u7ae017\u8282\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u85c9\u52aa\u529b\u884c\u5584\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u4e49\uff08active\u3000Justice\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e49\u8fd9\u4efd\u767d\u767d\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff08passive\u3000justice\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff07\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff07\u3000\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u3002\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e49\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8ba8\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u559c\u60a6\uff1b\u3000\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u8ba8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u559c\u60a6\uff0c\u5168\u56e0\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u6545\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6709\u6210\u5723\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u7d27\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4fe1\u4e3b\u524d\u7ecf\u5386\u6b32\u4e3a\u5584\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4fe1\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u5728\u4fe1\u4e3b\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ec8\u8eab\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5173\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u79f0\u4e49\u5f8c\u5374\u4ecd\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u5723\uff0c?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u4e08\u6dfc\u6a21\ue0ee\u80b4\u8bf4\u8c0b\u5c40\u59cb\u6556\u5cc1\u8902\u6cc4\u5140\ue7fe\uff1c\u4f63\ue37b\u5a1c\u8854\ue027\u8bf4\u7261\u9541\u9f8b\ue0e8\u8006\ue087\u5de7\u7cfb\u9122\u57d4\u5b93\u6155\u5cc1\ue350\ue0d0\ue091\u8bd4\u57d4\u907d\u5d1b\u6148\u5b55\u80d9\ue7ad\u4ffa\u5892\u30a3\ue0d4\u9a76\ue2a7\u9175\u964d\u56ca\u7c27\ue322\u8f9b\u7901\u9f0b\u9525\u5371\u64bc\u57d4\u9035\u6c24\u5892\u30a3\u574f\ue07f\u8fd4\u6c2f\u6148\u8854\ue027\u64de\u6d9d\u606b\u8352\u82be\u809f\ue012\u57d4\u5b93\u7261\u592d\u5251\ue0ee\u6d9d\u606b\u8c62\u8d61\u8309\u8c11\u7387\u77aa\u94e3\u664c\ue031\u8fe6\u800d\ue0e6\ue371\u82b4\u7a1a\u7cfb\u5def\u82cd\u73ab\u94a0\u70af\ue17a\ue0f1\u6325\u884c\u5224\u56ca\u5e4c\u7583\ue265\u9009?br \/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u6700\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u89c1\u5730\u7684\u3002\u4efb\u51ed\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u70ed\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f5c\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u9080\u529f\uff1b\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u672c\u662f\u4e2a\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u4f5c\u672c\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u624d\u63a5\u7eb3\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\uff1b\u85c9\u8457\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u63a5\u7eb3\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5949\u4e0a\u7684\u796d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u603b\u662f\u6b8b\u7f3a\u4e0d\u5168\u7684\u796d\u3002\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u79f0\u4e49\u800c\u6d3b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u65bc\u521d\u4fe1\u4e3b\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u751f\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7406\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u300e\u52c7\u6562\u72af\u7f6a\u300d\uff08\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5192\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5371\u9669\u53bb\u4f5c\u6289\u62e9\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u505a\u5bf9\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u5bf9\u4e86\uff07\u3000\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4ed6\u5076\u5c14\u6289\u62e9\u5bf9\u4e86\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u56e0\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u4eba\u770b\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7684\uff08\u79f0\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u514d\u65bc\u6050\u60e7\u72af\u9519\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000V\uff0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\u3002\u3000\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u552e\u5356\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f8c\u671f\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u975e\u5e38\u62ee\u6307\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u5747\u987b\u5411\u6559\u5ef7\u7f34\u7a0e\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u5f7c\u5f97\u4fbf\u58eb\uff07\uff08Peter&#8217;sPenny\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u968f\u8457\u4e16\u4fd7\u541b\u738b\u6743\u529b\u65e5\u76ca\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u5265\u524a\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u8f96\u5730\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u91d1\u94b1\u8fd0\u81f3\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u8d22\u653f\u4fbf\u81ea\u7136\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u751f\u6d3b\u65e5\u76ca\u5962\u534e\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\u3002\u6559\u5ef7\u9762\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5e7f\u5f00\u8d22\u6e90\uff0c\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u53d1\u552e\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb5\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u4e00\u8c08\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e0e\u8d66\u7f6a\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u6743\u8c41\u514d\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u4eba\u6216\u6b7b\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u5f97\u507f\u4ed8\u7684\u5211\u8d23\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u5386\u4ee3\u5723\u5f92\u7684\u5584\u884c\u6240\u79ef\u5b58\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u7528\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7684\uff0c\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u5584\u529f\u5b9d\u5e93\uff07\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u6743\u81ea\u7531\u5206\u914d\u6b64\u7b49\u5584\u529f\u3002\u81ea\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d77\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u5ba3\u79f0\u51e1\u53c2\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u514d\u5374\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u5ba3\u79f0\u5728\u79a7\u5e74\u65f6\u5019\u671d\u5723\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d66\u7f6a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8c41\u514d\u5211\u8d23\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u6559\u4f1a\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u5584\u529f\u5b9d\u5e93\u624d\u6709\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bfe\u63d0\u53ca\uff07\u5723\u5f92\u76f8\u901a\uff07\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4ea6\u7136\uff09\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u5584\u529f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\uff1b\u3000\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u5c06\u5b50\u5973\u9001\u5165\u4fee\u9053\u9662\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u300c\u767d\u8272\u6b89\u9053\u300d\uff0c\u79ef\u4e0b\u7528\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7684\u5584\u529f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u5bb6\u65cf\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4eba\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u901a\u529f\uff07\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5584\u529f\u901a\u4e88\u5df2\u901d\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u552e\u8d39\u7528\u9014\u7684\u3002\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4eba\u5df2\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u505a\u8db3\u4e86\u8865\u8d4e\uff0c\u7f6a\u503a\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u507f\u6e05\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u72af\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u906d\u6559\u4f1a\u5224\u4ee5\u91cd\u7f5a\uff0c\u5982\u4e09\u5e74\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u53e6\u52a0\u5230\u5723\u5730\u671d\u5723\u4e00\u6b21\uff1b\u5728\u5904\u5206\u671f\u6ee1\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u7b7e\u53d1\u4e00\u5f20\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5f8c\u4e16\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u4eba\u8bef\u7528\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b3e\u9879\uff08\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u6350\u732e\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u7b7e\u53d1\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\uff1b\u5f8c\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u79bb\u8c31\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5148\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\uff0c\u4f5c\u9884\u9632\u4e07\u4e00\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u9884\u5148\u4e3a\u65e5\u5f8c\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u505a\u8865\u8d4e\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee3\u5df2\u901d\u4e16\u6216\u4ecd\u5728\u751f\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u94b1\uff0c\u9e21\u72ac\u4e5f\u53ef\u5347\u5929\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6885\u56e0\u601d\u6709\u4f4d\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u963f\u4f2f\u52d2\uff08Archbishop\u3000Albert\u3000ofMainz\u3000\uff0c1490\u20261545\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u751f\u65bc\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e00\u4e2a\u671b\u65cf\uff0c\u624d\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\u4fbf\u767b\u4e0a\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u8981\u517c\u4efb\u9a6c\u5f97\u5821\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\uff08\u3000ArchbishoP\u3000of\u3000Magdeburg\uff09\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u72af\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u6559\u4f1a\u7981\u4ee4\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u8981\u6ee1\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5c81\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u8eab\u517c\u4efb\u4e24\u4e2a\u6559\u533a\u7684\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u963f\u4f2f\u52d2\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u7687\u7684\u7834\u4f8b\u6279\u51c6\uff1b\u3000\u5fc5\u987b\u82b1\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u94b1\u758f\u901a\u3002\u9002\u65f6\u6559\u7687\u5229\u5965\u5341\u4e16\uff08LeoX\uff0c\u30001513\uff0d1521\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4fee\u5efa\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u56db\u51fa\u7b79\u6b3e\uff1b\u963f\u4f2f\u52d2\u4e43\u627f\u8bfa\u85c9\u53d1\u552e\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u6765\u5fb5\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5e76\u59d4\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u571f\u5e16\u6b21\u52d2\uff08Dominican\u3000Johann\uff1b\u30001407\uff0d1519\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a8\u9500\u3002\u5e16\u6b21\u52d2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f88\u6709\u5929\u5206\u7684\u63a8\u9500\u5458\uff0c\u53e3\u624d\u51fa\u4f17\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8bf4\u670d\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u5f92\u8d2d\u4e70\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\uff1b\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u94f6\u5143\uff07\u53ee\uff07\u3000\u4e00\u58f0\u6295\u5165\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5949\u732e\u7bb1\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u70bc\u72f1\u53d7\u82e6\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4fbf\u7acb\u65f6\uff07\u53ee\uff07\u3000\u4e00\u58f0\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u5bb3\u6015\u5730\u72f1\u53ca\u70bc\u72f1\u4e4b\u706b\u7684\u714e\u71ac\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u5b9c\u53ca\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u9519\u5931\uff0c\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u56e0\u4e4b\u975e\u5e38\u7545\u9500\u3002\u6492\u677e\u5c3c\u7684\u9009\u4faf\u5f17\u5f97\u70c8\u4e3a\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u6559\u533a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u5e16\u6b21\u52d2\u5728\u5176\u8f96\u5730\u552e\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u3002\u5e15\u6b21\u52d2\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u8fb9\u5883\u53d1\u552e\uff0c\u6492\u677e\u5c3c\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u95fb\u98ce\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u8e0a\u8dc3\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u77e5\u6709\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5e76\u975e\u602a\u8d23\u6559\u4f1a\u85c9\u53d1\u552e\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u5265\u524a\u4fe1\u5f92\uff08\u6350\u732e\u7ed9\u6559\u4f1a\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u59a5\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u82b1\u94b1\u4e70\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u624d\u80fd\u8d4e\u7f6a\u662f\u592a\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u80fd\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u94b1\u4fbf\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8d4e\u7f6a\u662f\u8fc7\u5206\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4e86\uff0c\u6551\u8d4e\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5ec9\u4ef7\u51fa\u552e\u5417\uff1f\u867d\u7136\u8def\u5fb7\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u80fd\u85c9\u8457\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5949\u732e\u5728\u5185\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8d5a\u53d6\u6551\u6069\u6216\u6551\u6069\u786e\u636e\uff1b\u771f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4fbf\u7ed9\u4eba\u892b\u593a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u7f6a\u7684\u9707\u6012\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001517\u5e741O\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u770b\u5230\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u7ed9\u5e16\u6b21\u52d2\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4e43\u5c06\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u9010\u70b9\u5217\u660e\uff0c\u5171\u80ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u5f20\u8d34\u65bc\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u6559\u5802\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6709\u5fc3\u6380\u8d77\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u662f\u4ee5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e66\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f15\u8d77\u6c11\u4f17\u6ce8\u610f\uff08\u8be5\u6559\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u6559\u7687\u6c14\u6c1b\u3002\u51fa\u4e4e\u8def\u5fb7\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u53cd\u6559\u7687\u5fc3\u6001\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u81ea\u544a\u594b\u52c7\uff0c\u5c06\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u53e3\u8bd1\u4e3a\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u4ffe\u4f7f\u6c11\u4f17\u77e5\u6653\u5176\u610f\uff1b\u53c8\u5c06\u4e4b\u8f97\u8f6c\u4f20\u6284\uff0c\u5bc4\u53d1\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u56de\u54cd\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5982\u540c\u5f17\u5f97\u70c8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u5ef7\u5728\u5404\u5730\u62bd\u7a0e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u9519\u8c2c\u7f6a\u884c\u6df1\u8868\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4fbf\u5c06\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u8fd9\u4efd\u539f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7528\u7684\u5c0f\u5b57\u62a5\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u6869\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7ebf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VI\uff0e\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u903c\u4e0a\u6881\u5c71\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u4ec5\u662f\u53d1\u552e\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u53ea\u662f\u5e16\u6b21\u52d2\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5728\u4f5c\u602a\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u5411\u963f\u4f2f\u52d2\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4f5c\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u963f\u4f2f\u52d2\u4e0d\u613f\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u5c31\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5374\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6559\u7687\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u963f\u4f2f\u52d2\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6559\u7687\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u6559\u7687\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u8ff9\u8fd1\u5f02\u7aef\u7684\u884c\u5f84\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u56e0\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u300b\u95f9\u5f97\u6cb8\u6cb8\u626c\u626c\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6492\u677e\u5c3c\u7684\u9009\u4faf\u5f17\u5f97\u70c8\u575a\u51b3\u7ad9\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u3002\u5f17\u5f97\u70c8\u672c\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u660e\u767d\u8def\u5fb7\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u7531\u662f\u600e\u9ebd\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u8def\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u8d22\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u522b\u7684\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8f96\u5730\u8d29\u5356\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\uff0c\u4fb5\u72af\u5176\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u62a4\u77ed\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u6240\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u6027\u547d\u5b89\u5371\u8d77\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e3e\u884c\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e03\u585e\u742a\uff08Martin\u3000Bucer\u30001491\u20261551\uff09\u7b49\u5ba3\u544a\u652f\u6301\u8def\u5fb7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\u58f0\u63f4\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4ed6\u4e3b\u653f\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c1524\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4fbf\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u8fb9\u5883\u53f2\u56fe\u4eca\u6839\uff08Stuhlingen\uff09\u53d1\u751f\uff0c1525\u5e74\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u5939\u6742\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u6559\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5e9f\u5f03\u79cd\u79cd\u538b\u8feb\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u300b\uff08Twelve\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Peasantry\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u4f1a\u4f17\u9009\u4e3e\u7267\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5e9f\u9664\u5341\u4e00\u5949\u732e\u548c\u519c\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u8d35\u65cf\u541e\u5e76\u516c\u5171\u571f\u5730\u3001\u9650\u5236\u5c01\u5efa\u8d4b\u7a0e\u3001\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u591a\u9a6c\u95f5\u6b21\u5c14\uff08Thomas\u3000Mumzer\uff0c\u7ea61488\uff0d1525\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea4\u51fa\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u519c\u6c11\u6218\u4e89\u67d3\u4e0a\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6c14\u6c1b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5230\u5904\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u7834\u574f\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u300a\u53cd\u6740\u4eba\u884c\u52ab\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u66b4\u5f92\u300b\uff08Agains\u3000the\u3000Muderous\u3000and\u3000Thieving\u3000Hordesof\u3000Peasants\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u8bf8\u4faf\u9547\u538b\u66b4\u5f92\u30021525\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u5730\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u9605\u6b21\u5c14\u7b49\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u6839\u8499\u900a\uff08Frankenhausen\uff09\u88ab\u6253\u8d25\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u66b4\u52a8\u7ec8\u65bc\u88ab\u6549\u5e73\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u867d\u975e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e4b\u53cd\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u63a8\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u2014\u2014\u8def\u5fb7\u4ece\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c24\u5176\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u56de\u5230\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8def\u5fb7\u5bb9\u8bb8\u8d35\u65cf\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5927\u589e\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u58f0\u79f0\u519c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\uff1b\u8bf8\u4faf\u8d35\u65cf\u56e0\u8457\u60e7\u6015\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u8fde\u9501\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u518d\u8d38\u7136\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e5f\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u9635\u8425\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4e0e\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u59c6\u51b3\u88c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u51b3\u88c2\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u9635\u8425\u8005\uff0c\u5404\u6000\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ea\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u60f3\u53d7\u6559\u7687\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u6559\u4f1a\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9f13\u5439\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5357\u8f95\u5317\u8f99\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u65e0\u80fd\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u786e\u8ba4\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u600e\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u662f\u65e9\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u59c6\u539f\u4e3a\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u4f1a\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281516\u5e74\u6240\u7f16\u8ba2\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4e3a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u8d77\u521d\u652f\u6301\u8def\u5fb7\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u6765\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u592a\u56fa\u6267\uff0c\u4e14\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u9042\u65bc1524\u5e74\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u300b\uff08On\u3000Free\u3000Will\uff09\u6765\u6279\u8bc4\u4e4b\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u4f7f\u4ee5\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u8bba\u610f\u5fd7\u4e4b\u675f\u7f1a\u300b\uff08The\u3000Enslaved\u3000Will\uff09\u4f5c\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u53d7\u7f6a\u6027\u8f96\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u4ece\u6b64\u4ea6\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5f8c\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7eb5\u7136\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u9047\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5c11\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4ecd\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8457\u3002\u4fee\u9662\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u50cf\u88ab\u6253\u788e\uff1b\u6559\u5ef7\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u53ca\u6148\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff1b\u5fb7\u6587\u5723\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\uff1b\u6559\u58eb\u83b7\u51c6\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff1b\u5d07\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5fb7\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u88ab\u9664\u53bb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001530\u5e74\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5fe0\u5fc3\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u58a8\u5170\u987f\uff0c\u5411\u5965\u65af\u5821\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08Diet\u3000OfAugsburg\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u5965\u65af\u5821\u4fe1\u6761\u300bAugusburg\u3000Confession\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001532\u5e74\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e03\u9879\u5723\u793c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5723\u6d17\u3001\u575a\u632f\u3001\u544a\u89e3\u3001\u5723\u4f53\u3001\u795e\u54c1\u3001\u7ec8\u4f20\u53ca\u5a5a\u914d\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u8def\u5fb7\u524a\u51cf\u4e3a\u4e09\u9879\uff1a\u6c34\u793c\u3001\u5723\u9910\u793c\uff0c\u53ca\u544a\u89e3\u793c\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u66f4\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6c34\u793c\u53ca\u5723\u9910\u793c\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u53cd\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u300c\u53d8\u8d28\u8bf4\u300d\uff08Transubstantiation\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u5723\u793c\u7684\u9152\u548c\u997c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u771f\u8eab\u4f53\u4e4b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u51ed\u8457\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u786e\u5b9e\u540c\u5728\u65bc\u5723\u9910\u5185\uff08RealPresence\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001542\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08\u3000Consistory\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u541b\u738b\u59d4\u6d3e\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ca\u6559\u58eb\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4e13\u804c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u60e9\u5904\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8def\u5fb7\u63d0\u5021\u300c\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u3002\uff08Priesthood\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Laity\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u6709\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4e0d\u662f\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u6545\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e43\u751a\u81f3\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5e26\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001525\u5e74\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u539f\u4e3a\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u4f1a\u4fee\u571f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e25\u5b88\u72ec\u8eab\uff1b\u5f8c\u867d\u6446\u8131\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u72ec\u8eab\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u4e0d\u613f\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u62c6\u6bc1\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5f3a\u4ee4\u4fee\u58eb\u8fd8\u4fd7\uff1b\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5973\u4fee\u9662\u89e3\u6563\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fee\u5973\u7531\u65bc\u6ca1\u6709\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u51fa\u8def\u4fbf\u662f\u51fa\u5ac1\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4fee\u9662\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u5b89\u6392\u5a5a\u914d\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u56db\u5341\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6709\u4e00\u95f4\u5973\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fee\u5973\u672a\u80fd\u5b89\u6392\u51fa\u5ac1\uff0c\u4ed6\u57fa\u65bc\u9053\u4e49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5979\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u4f46\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u5927\u6109\u5feb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u559c\u6b22\u8bf4\u957f\u9053\u77ed\uff0c\u558b\u558b\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u5e38\u4ee4\u4ed6\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u53cd\u5bf9\u72ec\u8eab\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72ec\u8eab\u65e2\u65e0\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u795e\u5723\u3002\uff08\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72ec\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u4eba\u53ef\u5b88\u3002\uff09\u4ed6\u575a\u51b3\u8981\u62c6\u6bc1\u6559\u58eb\u4e0e\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u85e9\u7bf1\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u58eb\u9636\u5c42\u8981\u8fc7\u7279\u522b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u8981\u606a\u5b88\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u800c\u8feb\u4ee4\u6559\u58eb\u7ed3\u5a5a\u6b63\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e73\u6c11\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u52aa\u529b\u4f20\u626c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u64ad\uff1b1525\u5e74\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\uff08Prussia\uff09\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5fb7\u8bed\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u632a\u5a01\u53ca\u5317\u6b27\uff08Scandinavia\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u8d35\u65cf\u57fa\u65bc\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u9635\u8425\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001524\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e24\u4e2a\u9635\u8425\u30021531\u5e74\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u8bf8\u4faf\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff1a\u300c\u53f8\u9a6c\u52a0\u4e30\u540c\u76df\u3002\uff08Schmakaldic\u3000League\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u53cd\u6297\u7687\u5e1d\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5fb7\u7687\u6773\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e14\u6b63\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4ea4\u6218\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0d\u6b32\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u653e\u53d8\u76f8\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u6559\u7687\u9769\u5229\u514d\u4e03\u4e16\uff08Pope\u3000ClementVII\uff09\u3000\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5904\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u5c40\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e3a\u96be\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6687\u5bf9\u6297\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u8054\u76df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000VII\uff0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff1f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5206\u522b\u5728\u751a\u9ebd\u5730\u65b9\uff1f\u6211\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u7531\u8150\u8d25\u7f6a\u6076\u53d8\u6210\u5723\u6d01\u65e0\u7455\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d8\u5f97\u5355\u7eaf\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9694\u9602\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e03\u7f6e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u9694\u9602\u3002\u5723\u4eba\u4e0e\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6700\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5723\u5f92\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f46\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff1a\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4e0e\u4eba\u795e\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4e4e\u53ea\u80fd\u85c9\u8457\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7684\u4e2d\u4fdd\u2014\u2014\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee3\u4eba\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u9648\u60c5\uff0c\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u8fc2\u56de\u66f2\u6298\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u5723\u56fe\u548c\u5723\u50cf\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u4ee5\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff1b\u6bcf\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e3b\u4fdd\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u82b8\u82b8\u4f17\u5723\u4eba\u656c\u62dc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e00\u5207\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e86\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u9664\u4e86\u6709\uff07\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6bcd\uff07\u3000\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6148\u6bcd\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u6df1\u5165\u6c11\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u5851\u9020\u6210\u65e0\u73b7\u539f\u7f6a\u7684\u5723\u5973\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b88\u7ae5\u8d1e\u7684\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6027\u662f\u6c61\u79fd\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u7f6a\u85c9\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4f20\u9012\uff09\u3002\u656c\u62dc\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5ff5\u73ab\u7470\u7ecf\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u7ecf\u4fee\u4f1a\uff08Confratcrnities\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Rosary\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff1b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8bb8\u8bfa\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u5ff5\u8bf5\u4e09\u6b21\u73ab\u7470\u7ecf\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4f17\u4eba\u4ee3\u6c42\u3002\u7231\u5c4b\u53ca\u4e4c\uff0c\u4ece\u656c\u62dc\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5723\u5b89\u5a1c\uff08\u6b64\u540d\u5b57\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u675c\u64b0\u7684\uff09\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u3002\u5728\u6492\u677e\u5c3c\uff0c\u656c\u62dc\u5723\u5b89\u5a1c\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u975e\u5e38\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u77ff\u5de5\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u64a4\u677e\u5c3c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ff\u573a\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u4fbf\u53eb\u5b89\u5a1c\u5821\uff08Annabcrg\uff09\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u51b3\u5fd7\u732e\u8eab\u505a\u4fee\u571f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5411\u5723\u5b89\u5a1c\u8bb8\u613f\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u8457\u5bf9\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5d07\u62dc\u5723\u4eba\u9057\u7269\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u5723\u4eba\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u5411\u5b83\u4eec\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u6216\u89e6\u6478\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u8457\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u8d50\u798f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u62e5\u6709\u5723\u7269\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u795d\u798f\u4e5f\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bf8\u4faf\u8d35\u65cf\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u529b\u51fa\u8d44\u641c\u8d2d\u5723\u7269\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u6492\u677e\u5c3c\u7684\u9009\u4faf\u5f17\u5f97\u70c8\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u70ed\u4e2d\u8005\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u641c\u7f57\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u67d0\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u5934\u9aa8\u3001\u9aa8\u5934\u788e\u7247\u3001\u7259\u9f7f\u3001\u5934\u53d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u5f92\u5df4\u591a\u7f57\u4e70\u7684\u9762\u76ae\u3001\u65f7\u91ce\u7684\u5417\u54ea\u3001\u4e9a\u4f26\u624b\u6756\u7684\u788e\u7247\u3001\u4f55\u70c8\u5c71\u4e0a\u711a\u800c\u4e0d\u6bc1\u7684\u8346\u68d8\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u65ad\u6280\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u6536\u85cf\u5728\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u7684\u6559\u5802\u91cc\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u5728\u30001518\u5e74\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u53e4\u7269\u7684\u603b\u6570\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e07\u4e03\u5343\u591a\u4ef6\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u624d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5076\u50cf\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u5df2\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u9012\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u6559\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6b64\u4e09\u8005\u5c24\u4ee5\u6559\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8352\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u7531\u4f7f\u5f92\u4f20\u627f\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u771f\u4e3a\u5224\u51c6\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u56f4\u7ed5\u5728\u4e3b\u6559\u5ea7\u4f4d\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u6069\u7684\u603b\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u63e1\u6709\u6346\u7ed1\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6740\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u6559\u4f1a\u6216\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ea\u80fd\u6ce8\u5b9a\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e25\u5206\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u72ec\u5728\u4e8b\u5949\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e0a\u6709\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c5e\u7075\u4f4d\u7f72\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u5957\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u6709\u6559\u571f\u624d\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e0e\u8d1e\u6d01\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u79c1\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e25\u5b88\u72ec\u8eab\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6559\u58eb\u660e\u767d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u6709\u6743\u85c9\u5723\u4e8b\u5723\u793c\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u732e\u796d\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u85c9\u8457\u6559\u58eb\u4ee5\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u4e0a\u6500\u5929\u754c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4fe1\u8d56\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5723\u4e8b\u5723\u793c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9664\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6559\u5236\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u5957\u7e41\u7410\u800c\u8fc2\u56de\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u5723\u4eba\u3001\u5723\u7269\u3001\u5723\u5730\u7684\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5723\u4e8b\u5723\u793c\u3001\u5c5e\u7075\u64cd\u7ec3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u8865\u8d4e\u793c\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u589e\u6dfb\u4e00\u9053\u53c8\u4e00\u9053\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff1b\u5728\u5404\u6837\u656c\u8654\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c5e\u7075\u8ffd\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u9636\u7ea7\u5316\u4e0e\u7cbe\u82f1\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7cbe\u82f1\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6743\u53ca\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u624b\u6bb5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u51a5\u60f3\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u81f3\u5723\u6240\u89d0\u89c1\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e73\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u65e2\u4e0d\u6562\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e98\u63a5\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6a21\u5f0f\u6108\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4fbf\u6108\u8fdc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u56de\u590d\u5b83\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u9694\u9602\u9664\u53bb\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u7a92\u788d\u5730\u6765\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u3002\u60df\u6709\u660e\u4e4e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8005\u8981\u626b\u9664\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u5e9f\u5f03\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u62c6\u6bc1\u4fee\u9662\u3001\u5f3a\u4ee4\u5723\u804c\u9636\u5c42\u8fd8\u4fd7\u53ca\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5723\u793c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u89c6\u5f25\u6492\u5e2d\u732e\u796d\u3001\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u517c\u9886\u997c\u4e0e\u676f\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bfb\u7ecf\u800c\u8d2c\u6291\u51a5\u60f3\u3001\u7834\u9664\u5723\u4fd7\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6559\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u6069\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f4d\u7f72\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u90fd\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u6027\u5fb5\uff08defining\u3000characteristics\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u52a8\u6447\u6216\u5e9f\u53bb\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u592d\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u82e5\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u4fbf\u9065\u9065\u65e0\u671f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4fc3\u6210\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f\u8bd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f\u8bd5\u53cd\u7701\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\uff07\u60df\u72ec\uff07\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u8bf7\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u8bd5\u7b80\u8bc4\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u53ca\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff1f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6700\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u4f60\u4e3a\u4f55\u662f\u4e2a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u516d\u8bfe\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\uff08John\u3000Calvin\uff0c1509\uff0d1564\uff09\u548c\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5747\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u5c06\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u8bf4\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u59cb\u521b\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4fbf\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e43\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u6869\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u9519\u8c2c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u7275\u5f15\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u624d\u6653\u5f97\u539f\u6765\u8981\u5bf9\u4ed8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5373\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u7687\u5236\u5ea6\u6216\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u88ab\u8feb\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u5efa\u5236\u76f8\u51b3\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u5f52\u8def\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u5148\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u5957\u5468\u5bc6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5168\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u7565\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6309\u90e8\u5c31\u73ed\u5730\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1b\u5374\u662f\u56e0\u5e94\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u5747\u662f\u56de\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u540c\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7247\u65ad\u6027\u548c\u56de\u5e94\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8457\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7b54\u8fa9\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u540c\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u8d77\u53c2\u770b\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u7136\u3002\u65e0\u7591\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e0a\u4f73\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u3002\u540c\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8def\u5fb7\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u5219\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u4fbf\u8ba4\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ea6\u672a\u53d7\u7ecf\u9662\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u85b0\u9676\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u66fe\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\uff09\uff0c\u8ddf\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e0d\u6df1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5982\u8def\u5fb7\u822c\u6709\u592a\u591a\u611f\u60c5\u6216\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u8d77\u521d\u8fde\u544a\u89e3\u793c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u653e\u5f03\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b58\u5e9f\u5ef6\u8f8d\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\u3002\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u4e25\u683c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u76d8\u5730\u601d\u8003\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8def\u5468\u5bc6\u3001\u9996\u5c3e\u901a\u8d2f\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u9664\u4e861539\u5e74\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u9a73\u6c99\u675c\u91cc\u591a\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\uff08Cardinal\u3000Sadoleto\uff09\u800c\u5199\u7684\u300a\u7b54\u6c99\u675c\u91cc\u591a\u4e66\u300b\uff08\u3000Reply\u3000to\u3000Sadoleto\uff09\u5916\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u8ddf\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f5c\u8fc7\u751a\u9ebd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bba\u8fa9\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u81ea\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ece\u4e8b\u795e\u5b66\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u8fdc\u8f83\u8def\u5fb7\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u795e\u5b66\u867d\u5bb9\u6613\u60f9\u4eba\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6559\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u8d4b\u4e88\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u6027\u683c\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed6\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u6cfc\u800c\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8d2f\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8457\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u80fd\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u9ad8\u4e3e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u65e0\u7591\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u8def\u5fb7\u5b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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u672c\u8bfe\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u5176\u751f\u5e73\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u7f18\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u91cd\u70b9\u4f5c\u7ed3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u51fa\u8eab\u4e0e\u6210\u957f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u751f\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u57281509\u5e747\u670810\u65e5\u751f\u65bc\u6cd5\u56fd\u6bd4\u5361\u5730\u7684\u8bfa\u5b89\uff08Noyon\uff0cRicardy\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u7565\u4e3a\u61c2\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u51fa\u8eab\u65bc\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u6709\u9887\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u6210\u957f\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u65bc\u4e3b\u6559\u624b\u4e0b\u62c5\u4efb\u6cd5\u52a1\u8981\u804c\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u4e00\u5fc3\u8981\u57f9\u80b2\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u5b66\u989d\u628a\u4ed6\u9001\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u5f8c\u5728\u9a6c\u5176\u5b66\u9662\uff08College\u3000de\u3000la\u3000Marche\uff09\u548c\u8499\u592a\u5c45\u5b66\u9662\uff08COllege\u3000de\u3000Montaigu\uff09\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c\u4fee\u4e60\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5b66\u7b49\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u9884\u5907\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u548c\u4f2f\u7eb3\u591a\uff08\u3000Bernard\u3000ot\u3000Claivaux\uff0c1090\uff0d1153\u3000\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u66f4\u6613\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u6539\u53d8\u5fc3\u610f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u800c\u8f6c\u653b\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u8457\u5df1\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u7236\u4eb2\u66f4\u662f\u987a\u670d\u548c\u656c\u754f\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u4e43\u8f6c\u5230\u5965\u5c14\u826f\uff08Orlean\uff09\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u90e8\u65e5\uff08Bourges\u3000\uff09\u5b66\u9662\u5ff5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u7531\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u672a\u66fe\u8fdb\u5165\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6bbf\u5802\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001531\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u8f6c\u56de\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u5728\u970d\u5730\u5b66\u9662\uff08College\u3000fortet\uff09\u4fee\u8bfb\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u548c\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u7231\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u57281532\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8f9b\u5c3c\u52a0\u8bba\u4ec1\u7bc7\u6ce8\u89e3\u300b\uff08Seneca\u2019s\u3000De\u3000Clementia\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u610f\u6b32\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u5360\u4e00\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82e5\u975e\u4ed6\u5076\u7136\u95ef\u5165\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4fbf\u4e13\u5fc3\u81f4\u610f\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u4ece\u7688\u4f9d\u5230\u6d89\u8db3\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u662f\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5927\u672c\u8425\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5927\u8086\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5374\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5ff5\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8a00\u5728\u751a\u9ebd\u65f6\u5019\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a1527\u81f31534\u5e74\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5377\u5165\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001533\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u5377\u8fdb\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65cb\u6da1\u4e2d\u3002\u8be5\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u53cb\u786e\u514b\uff08Nicolas\u3000Cop\uff09\u88ab\u59d4\u4efb\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9662\u957f\u3002\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u793c\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u514b\u5f15\u8ff0\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5148\u9a71\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u59c6\u5bf9\u767b\u5c71\u5b9d\u8bad\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u65e7\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u4e00\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9f13\u5439\u8def\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u786e\u514b\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7ae0\u6240\u717d\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u89e6\u6012\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff1b\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u9003\u907f\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u4ea1\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u3002\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u6b64\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7275\u8fde\u5230\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5934\u4e0a\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u662f\u786e\u514b\u7684\u597d?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u6559\u9886\u8896\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u95ee\u4e16\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001536\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\u9762\u4e16\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0d\u957f\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u603b\u7eb2\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u523b\u610f\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5411\u4fe1\u5f92\u9648\u8ff0\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u53ca\u98ce\u884c\u5960\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u64b0\u5199\u8fd9\u4e66\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u62a4\u6559\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u76ee\u7779\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u6781\u5176\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u6539\u6559\u8005\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\uff08\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u773c\u4e2d\uff09\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u4f20\u8a00\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e9f\u6b32\u5398\u8ba2\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u8d4b\u4e88\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u626b\u9664\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u6050\u614c\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8fde\u540c\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u5448\u732e\u7ed9\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u6cd5\u738b\u80fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u4ec1\u6148\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u62a4\u6559\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u64b0\u5199\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u9965\u6e34\u5bfb\u6c42\u771f\u9053\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u672c\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u624b\u518c\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001536\u5e74\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u6298\u8fd4\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6253\u7b97\u91cd\u56de\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\u6216\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u3002\u56e0\u8457\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6539\u6559\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u7565\u6709\u540d\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u51b3\u5fd7\u6295\u8eab\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\uff1a\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u4f4d\u65bc\u745e\u58eb\u897f\u5357\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u6709\u4e09\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\uff3b\uff08city\u3000state\uff09\u57ce\u90a6\u662f\u4ee5\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u3015\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8e0f\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u57ce\u90a6\u90a3\u5e74\u76845\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u521a\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u7eb3\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5e9f\u6b62\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u4ee5\u5723\u7ecf\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7275\u6d89\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f53\u65f6\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u90bb\u56fd\u5982\u8d39\u5821\uff08Fribourg\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6539\u6559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fbf\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u3002\u5168\u9762\u63a8\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f88\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u6539\u6559\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u3000\u4e0d\u7528\u5411\u6559\u7687\u7f34\u7a0e\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6446\u8131\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u7f81\u7f20\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u624d\u52a0\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u884c\u5217\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u987a\u670d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u65e9\u5c31\u4e0d\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u6539\u6559\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53c8\u672a\u66fe\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5931\u8861\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u91cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u90a3\u65f6\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u62c5\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc\u5b98\u5458\uff08leading\u3000minister\uff09\u7684\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\uff08\u6bd4\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5e74\u957f\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\uff09\uff0c\u65e9\u65bc1532\u5e74\u4fbf\u5230\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ba2\u537f\u8eab\u5206\u63a8\u52a8\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u77e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u5f97\u77e5\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8def\u8fc7\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e43\u4eb2\u5f80\u62dc\u8bbf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u534f\u52a9\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u505c\u7559\u4e00\u665a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5b9e\u9645\u63a8\u52a8\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\uff0c\u6545\u62d2\u7edd\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\u6240\u8bf7\u3002\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\u4e25\u8bcd\u8d23\u5907\u4ed6\uff0c\u58f0\u8a00\u4ed6\u82e5\u62d2\u7edd\u987a\u670d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u547c\u53ec\u53ca\u4ed6\u5168\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u62db\u6765\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5492\u8bc5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7ec8\u65bc\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u8854\u7267\u8005\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8457\u624b\u8349\u62df\u6559\u4f1a\u5178\u7ae0\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5ff5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\uff0c\u8d77\u8349\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6587\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u56f0\u96be\u5904\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8f83\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u591a\u5143\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4f5c\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\u8c03\u9002\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u6a21\u7cca\u5b57\u53e5\u542b\u6df7\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u6240\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u6761\u6587\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u4f17\u8ba4\u540c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u51fa\u65bc\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u6267\u884c\u6559\u4f1a\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6559\u4f1a\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7981\u6b62\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u4e8f\u8005\u9886\u5723\u9910\u7684\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e43\u9f13\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e0d\u61c2\u5706\u878d\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u8ba9\uff0c\u4e14\u5a01\u80c1\u8981\u7981\u6b62\u4e3e\u884c\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u7684\u5723\u9910\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u8feb\u4ee4\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u548c\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\u5728\u4e09\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u30021538\u5e74\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u5f80\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5728\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e66\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u6cd5\u60f9\u52d2\u3002\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u4e0e\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u786e\u4fe1\u9664\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u6c61\u635f\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6539\u6559\u60f3\u6cd5\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\u7684\u6539\u6559\u9886\u8896\u662f\u5e03\u585e\u742a\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u65e2\u79c9\u6301\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ea6\u517c\u5bb9\u6148\u8fd0\u7406\u6d3e\u4e0e\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u53d7\u5e03\u585e\u7405\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u624d\u968f\u4ece\u5e03\u585e\u7405\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e14\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4fee\u4e60\u795e\u5b66\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u83ab\u8fc7\u65bc\u4eb2\u773c\u770b\u5230\u5e03\u585e\u7405\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u6267\u4e2d\u6301\u5e73\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6539\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u5e03\u585e\u7405\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u4efb\u6559\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7267\u517b\u5f53\u5730\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b40\u5c45\u7684\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\u6c99\u675c\u91cc\u591a\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u7ed9\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u6539\u6559\u8005\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u7eaf\u6b63\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u52a8\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u6295\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6000\u62b1\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8f97\u8f6c\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u4e43\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u7b54\u6c99\u675c\u91cc\u591a\u4e66\u300b\u4ee5\u4f5c\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6fc0\u70c8\u5730\u62a8\u51fb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u3002\u4ece\u4ed6\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4ecd\u5173\u6000\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u7267\u517b\u8fc7\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u5fd8\u6389\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7267\u8005\uff1b1540\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u5230\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u91cd\u8fd4\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e94\u7531\u7267\u8005\u548c\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5171\u540c\u5206\u62c5\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\uff08magistrates\uff09\u3002\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u6559\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u540c\u5c5e\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u5411\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7b56\u5212\u5398\u8ba2\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6559\u7267\u4eba\u5458\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u7acb\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7531\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u59d4\u4efb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u5458\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u805a\u96c6\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5148\u662f\u67e5\u8003\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u5546\u8bae\u5404\u79cd\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u59d4\u4efb\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u7ecf\u73ed\u7684\u6559\u5458\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5168\u57ce\u5e02\u6c11\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u957f\u8001\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76d1\u5bdf\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u9012\u4ea4\u62a5\u544a\uff1b\u800c\u7267\u5e08\u4e5f\u5f97\u9891\u7e41\u63a2\u8bbf\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5883\u51b5\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5e0c\u671b\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u534f\u52a9\u63a8\u884c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5f53\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u7f6a\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u8f6c\u4ea4\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u6cd5\u60e9\u5904\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5374\u575a\u6301\u53ea\u6709\u7531\u7267\u5e08\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u56e2\uff08pany\u3000of\u3000Pastors\uff09\u624d\u6709\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fc7\u95ee\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u4e2a\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u9886\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u4e4b\u5f00\u9664\u51fa\u6559\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fbf\u65e0\u6743\u63a8\u7ffb\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u30021548\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u4e00\u4f4d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u68c0\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u9c81\u65af\uff08Guichard\u3000Roux\uff09\u9886\u5723\u9910\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u516c\u5f00\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u8a00\u4ed6\u5b81\u53ef\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u4e3b\u9910\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u6743\u8fc7\u95ee\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5173\u4e4e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u95f4\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5173\u5fc3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u8fc7\u65bc\u5176\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u7ef4\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u5723\u6d01\u4e43\u900f\u8fc7\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u65bd\u884c\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u7267\u8005\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u7531\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u590d\u8005\u5219\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u6545\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f5c\u949c\u7ec6\u65e0\u9057\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u30021550\u5e74\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6743\u7267\u5e08\u6bcf\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u63a2\u8bbf\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u5426\u9075\u5b88\u6559\u4f1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u300a\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u6210\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\uff08the\u3000consistory\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u59d4\u4efb\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u957f\u8001\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e13\u8d23\u5ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u72af\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u6c11\u4e8b\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u6d3e\u4eba\u5f7b\u5e95\u641c\u67e5\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bb6\u91cc\u662f\u5426\u85cf\u6709\u8bf8\u5982\u5360\u535c\u3001\u7b97\u547d\u7b49\u5f02\u6559\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u6216\u9a97\u4eba\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u4ee5\u8c0b\u53d6\u66b4\u5229\u7b49\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u662f\u5f00\u9664\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u51fa\u6559\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6df1\u4fe1\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u884c\u4e3a\u5584\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u4eba\u57f9\u517b\u81ea\u5f8b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e5f\u5ba1\u7406\u8bb8\u591a\u7275\u6d89\u4fe1\u5f92\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4f55\u8005\u5c5e\u65bc\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f55\u8001\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u5c45\u6c11\u90fd\u662f\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u653e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u6613\u754c\u5206\u7684\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\uff3f\u754c\u5206\u4e86\u4ea6\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u5236\u8ba2\u94f6\u884c\u5229\u7387\u3001\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89c4\u5b9a\u7981\u98df\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u636e\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u5bdf\u57df\uff08Owen\uff0cChadwick\u3000\uff09\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u975e\u5e38\u6297\u62d2\u516c\u5171\u793e\u4f1a\u9677\u65bc\u65e0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u6545\u624d\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u4f17\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u662f\u5168\u65e0\u654c\u4eba\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u66b4\u541b\u822c\u4efb\u610f\u5984\u4e3a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u90fd\u51fa\u8eab\u65bc\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u9ad8\u95e8\u5927\u65cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\u4e0a\u6709\u4e8f\uff0c\u6545\u671f\u671b\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u7f6a\u884c\u7f51\u5f00\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u541b\u738b\uff0c\u5728\u4e07\u738b\u4e4b\u738b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ddf\u524d\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u877c\u8681\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6545\u6beb\u4e0d\u5bb9\u60c5\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u5904\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e43\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5207\u9f7f\u75db\u6068\uff0c\u5c61\u6b21\u627e\u4ed6\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e92\u76f8\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u501f\u52a9\u7684\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fd8\u51fb\u30021547\u5e74\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\uff08\u3000Jacques\u3000Gruet\uff09\u4fbf\u56e0\u901a\u654c\u53db\u56fd\u7f6a\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u4ece\u670d\u81ba\u6539\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u518d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u751f\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\uff08Libertarianism\uff09\u66f4\u662f\u6781\u5176\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u521d\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u654c\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5b98\u3002\u76f4\u52301555\u5e74\u4ed6\u4eec\u85c9\u8bcd\u53cd\u5bf9\u6cd5\u7c4d\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u63a8\u7ffb\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e8b\u8d25\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u4ea1\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u624d\u843d\u56de\u4e00\u7fa4\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb2\u7eaa\u68ee\u4e25\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5efa\u7acb\u300e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56fd\u300f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6b32\u4f7f\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56fd\u300f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u8bad\u6765\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7eaa\u5f8b\u975e\u5e38\u68ee\u4e25\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8863\u8457\u3001\u996e\u98df\u3001\u8a00\u884c\uff0c\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d27\u54c1\u7684\u552e\u5356\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u8d39\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u8d27\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u6c42\u7b49\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u7981\u6b62\u7528\u5723\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u8d77\u540d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e3e\u884c\u79c1\u4eba\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f97\u9075\u5b88\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u7684\u89c4\u9650\uff0c\u4fbf\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u4e86\u3002\u66fe\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u5168\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u8df3\u821e\uff0c\u800c\u73a9\u7eb8\u724c\u7b49\u5a31\u4e50\u4ea6\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u7981\u5236\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u51e1\u89e6\u72af\u6cd5\u4ee4\u73a9\u7eb8\u724c\u8005\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7eb8\u724c\u9020\u6210\u67b7\u9501\u67b7\u53f7\u793a\u4f17\uff1a\u751a\u81f3\u65b0\u5a18\u5728\u51fa\u5ac1\u65f6\u8863\u8457\u8fc7\u5206\u8c6a\u5962\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u5165\u72f1\u3002\u6b64\u7b49\u89c4\u5b9a\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u4e3b\u6301\u8fc7\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u89c4\u6761\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4ea6\u6781\u5176\u6297\u62d2\u5356\u6deb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u66fe\u4f01\u56fe\u7528\u706b\u5c06\u5993\u5973\u70e7\u6b7b\uff0c\u5374\u906d\u5230\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u53ca\u5f8c\u57281558\u5e74\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51e1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u89e6\u72af\u5356\u6deb\u7f6a\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u987b\u6234\u4e0a\u5e3d\u5b50\u6e38\u8857\u793a\u4f17\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u53c8\u5efa\u8bae\u53d6\u7f14\u6240\u6709\u9152\u9986\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u6539\u4e3a\u5496\u5561\u5e97\uff0c\u5176\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea6\u53d7\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5ba2\u4eba\u4e25\u7981\u5728\u5e97\u5185\u8bf4\u4e0b\u6d41\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u7c97\u9119\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4e5f\u8981\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u5ba2\u4eba\u4e0d\u8c22\u996d\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u51c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0a\u83dc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u5141\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80af\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u63a5\u7eb3\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5192\u72af\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c1554\u5e74\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u7adf\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ed6\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u65b0\u4e66\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u6df1\u89c9\u88ab\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u4f5c\u51fa\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u4e0d\u80af\u5728\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u4e3a\u4eba\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73a9\u5177\u53ca\u7eb8\u724c\u7684\u5382\u5546\u5b89\u59c6\uff08Pierre\u3000Ameaux\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5168\u57ce\u4e25\u7981\u7eb8\u724c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u610f\u5927\u51cf\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u8a00\u653b\u51fb\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u6709\u6b20\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f97\u6089\u5f8c\u6124\u6012\u975e\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u91cd\u91cd\u60e9\u6cbb\u4ed6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5b89\u59c6\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u9664\u516c\u5f00\u8ba4\u7f6a\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u60e9\u7f5a\u4ecd\u672a\u8db3\u591f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u6c42\u5b89\u59c6\u516c\u5f00\u5fcf\u6094\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u6700\u5f8c\u540c\u610f\u5c06\u5b89\u59c6\u6e38\u8857\u793a\u4f17\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u4e0b\u8dea\u8ba4\u7f6a\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u575a\u6301\u6b64\u4e8b\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u5173\u4e4e\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7275\u8fde\u5230\u4ed6\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u8083\u5904\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001553\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f3a\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u4e3a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u5854\u65af\uff08MichaelServetus\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u8005\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u88ab\u5224\u4ee5\u706b\u5211\u3002\u585e\u6c0f\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4fee\u4e60\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u5f53\u6587\u4e66\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u773c\u81ba\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8f97\u8f6c\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u548c\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\u5f53\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea1531\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4fbf\u5199\u4e66\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u6307\u8fd9\u6559\u4e49\u6765\u81ea\u9b54\u9b3c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u62db\u81f4\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53ca\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff08\u5982\u5e03\u585e\uff09\u5206\u522b\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u902e\u6355\u5ef6\u8baf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5047\u540d\u533f\u85cf\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001540\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u585e\u6c0f\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff08Vienna\uff09\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u65b0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\uff08\u3000Restitutio\uff09\u6765\u6279\u5224\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u5d07\u62dc\u8fd9\u4f4d\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5de8\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u5fd7\u5207\u6253\u5012\u4ed6\u4ee5\u81ea\u545c\u8eab\u4ef7\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u5854\u65af\u6807\u5947\u7acb\u5f02\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\u6781\u8868\u618e\u6076\uff0c\u4e43\u63ed\u7a7f\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4fe1\u5f80\u8fd8\u65f6\u6240\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5f8c\u6765\u585e\u6c0f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u88ab\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u5e78\u800c\u9003\u8131\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u5854\u65af\u7adf\u7136\u6765\u5230\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f97\u6089\u6b64\u4e8b\u5f8c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u544a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u88ab\u62d8\u6355\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u6307\u8bc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u5854\u65af\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4ee5\u706b\u5211\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5e76\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u6b27\u6d32\u592a\u5927\u7684\u9707\u52a8\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u592a\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u4e8b\u5728\u65e5\u5f8c\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u8005\u6307\u63a7\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7f6a\u72b6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u5d07\u62dc\u53ca\u5723\u53f0\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u91cd\u89c6\u8bb2\u575b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u70ed\u8877\u65bc\u6267\u884c\u6559\u4f1a\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u9664\u4e86\u76d1\u63a7\u6559\u4f1a\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3b\u5f20\u6811\u7acb\u5c5e\u7075\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5584\u884c\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5236\u548c\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u653e\u6b63\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u8f83\u8d1f\u9762\u8d23\u7f5a\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5929\u85c9\u8bb2\u9053\u6765\u6559\u80b2\u7fa4\u4f17\u30021549\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7267\u8005\u7531\u539f\u6765\u9694\u5929\u8bb2\u9053\u4e00\u6b21\u6539\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5929\u8bb2\u9053\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u57281569\u5e74\u4e3a\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6240\u6548\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u91cd\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea6\u987b\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u9605\u8bfb\u53ca\u660e\u767d\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u54c8\u5019\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u6559\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff1b\u800c\u4e13\u804c\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4ea6\u56e0\u6b64\u7531\u6559\u58eb\uff08Priest\uff09\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7267\u8005\uff08Pastor\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4f5c\u4f20\u9053\u8005\uff08Preacher\uff09\u3002\u8bb2\u9053\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u53ca\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7267\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8bb2\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u8bb2\u9053\u662f\u7267\u8005\u4e00\u751f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u65f6\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4fdd\u7559\u7267\u8005\u7684\u8854\u5934\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u7687\u82e5\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6301\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u914d\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u4f20\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u624d\u5c06\u8bb2\u9053\u62ac\u4e3e\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u800c\u8bb2\u9053\u4ea6\u6210\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u3001\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5f97\u4ee5\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bb2\u9053\u662f\u6539\u6559\u8005\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u573a\u7075\u9b42\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u81f4\u80dc\u6b66\u5668\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6781\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8bb2\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u53ca\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\u7248\u672c\u5723\u7ecf\u76f4\u63a5\u6559\u5bfc\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5723\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u85c9\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c\u5370\u8bc1\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u542f\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u771f\u7406\uff08efficacious\u3000confirmation\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8bb2\u9053\u6b63\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u85c9\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u7267\u5e08\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f53\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u81ea\u884c\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u6240\u7ea6\u5236\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u662f\u91ca\u7ecf\u8bb2\u9053\u3002\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u5723\u7ecf\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u8bb2\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u5bfb\u89c5\u6216\u526a\u88c1\u7ae0\u8282\uff08\u4eca\u6240\u8c13\uff07\u4e13\u9898\u8bb2\u9053\uff07\u3000\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u7531\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u7ae0\u9010\u8282\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u504f\u5e9f\u6216\u9057\u6f0f\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5bf9\u8bb2\u575b\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5723\u793c\u89c2\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5723\u793c\u89c2\uff08Sacraments\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5426\u8ba4\u5f25\u6492\uff08\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u732e\u796d\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5927\u5200\u9614\u65a7\u5730\u9769\u9664\u516c\u5171\u5d07\u62dc\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7e41\u7410\u800c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u5c06\u805a\u4f1a\u6263\u7d27\u5728\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u548c\u65bd\u884c\u5723\u9910\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff1b\u4e00\u5207\u4eea\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7b80\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u82e5\u975e\u85c9\u6b64\u88ab\u9648\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u793c\u4eea\u4fbf\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u65e0\u7269\uff0c\u4e86\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5723\u9910\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f53\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\u4f20\u7edf\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u5021\u8a00\u7684\u53d8\u8d28\u8bf4\uff08Transubstantiation\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u53f8\u796d\u7684\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u5723\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u795d\u5723\u5f8c\u4fbf\u628a\u997c\u548c\u676f\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u53ca\u5b9d\u8840\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u5ba3\u79f0\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4eb2\u8eab\u53ca\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u4e34\u5728\uff08real\u3000presence\uff09\u65bc\u5723\u9910\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u997c\u548c\u676f\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u5177\u795e\u6027\u548c\u7269\u6027\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\uff08Consubstantiation\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4ed6\u5b81\u53ef\u8bf4\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u662f\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e34\u5728\uff08spiritualpresence\uff09\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u975e\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u5730\u4f9d\u9644\u5728\u997c\u548c\u676f\u7684\u7269\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u85c9\u5403\u559d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u9886\u53d7\u5723\u9910\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53d1\u751f\u529f\u6548\u3002\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5723\u9910\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5177\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53d7\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u65e2\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u53d8\u8d28\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f25\u6492\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u796d\u793c\uff1b\u516c\u5171\u5d07\u62dc\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u65bc\u8ba9\u4fe1\u4f17\u8046\u542c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4ed8\u4e4b\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb2\u9053\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u5d07\u62dc\u53ef\u8a00\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u62df\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u53ca\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u5747\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u53cd\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u7687\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65e2\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u660e\u663e\u5730\u51cc\u9a7e\u65bc\u5176\u9980\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5404\u5730\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u9009\u7acb\u7684\u7f62\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u626e\u6f14\u534f\u8c03\u8005\uff08moderator\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u76f8\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u4f20\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u6545\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f92\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u5206\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u4ea6\u53ef\u7531\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u7edf\u6444\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u804c\u4e8b\u662f\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u6700\u5927\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5ba3\u8bb2\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u5e08\u3014\u4ed6\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\uff08doctor\uff09\u5219\u662f\u6559\u5bfc\u548c\u62a4\u536b\u771f\u7406\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\uff0c\u5219\u843d\u5728\u4e00\u7fa4\u957f\u8001\u53ca\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u957f\u8001\u8bae\u4f1a\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u8386\ue030\u0434\u64b8\u2560octor\uff09\u5219\u662f\u6559\u5bfc\u548c\u62a4\u536b\u771f\u7406\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\uff0c\u5219\u843d\u5728\u4e00\u7fa4\u957f\u8001\u53ca\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u957f\u8001\u8bae\u4f1a\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u957f\u8001\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u7267\u8005\u4ea6\u6709\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u4fbf\u662f\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e13\u8d23\u6148\u60e0\u548c\u5eb6\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u4e8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u56db\u91cd\u804c\u4e8b\uff1a\u7267\u5e08\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u957f\u8001\u548c\u6267\u4e8b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u5f8c\u9886\u5bfc\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u8bfa\u514b\u65af\uff08John\u3000Knox\uff0c\u30001514\uff0d1572\uff09\uff0c\u4fbf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u8001\u4f53\u5236\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\uff07\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\uff07\uff08Presbyterianism\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u957f\u8001\u5206\u4f5c\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ec4\u6210\u800c\u4e13\u8d23\u6559\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u957f\u8001\uff07\u3000\uff08RulingElder\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6559\u5bfc\u957f\u8001\u300d\uff08TeachingElder\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u6743\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53ea\u5728\u65bc\u662f\u5426\u62c5\u8d1f\u8bb2\u9053\u4e4b\u8d23\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\uff07\u3000\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff07\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u6709\u6240\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5373\u7b49\u65bc\u6cef\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002\u4e3a\u793a\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u524d\u7531\u7267\u5e08\u4e13\u8d23\u627f\u529e\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e00\u676f\u7fb9\uff1b\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u64d8\u997c\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u6d17\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb2\u9053\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u6709\u4eba\u4f5c\u5982\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46\u5f97\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u975e\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u3001\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7b49\u6539\u6559\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\uff07\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff07\u6b64\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u6765\u6216\u5fc5\u987b\u8574\u542b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u300c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u3002\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5747\u7b49\u7684\uff1b\u3000\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u795e\u5723\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u5f92\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u6309\u5176\u6069\u8d50\u6765\u5206\u6d3e\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u804c\u4e8b\u3002\u7267\u8005\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bb2\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6bd4\u5176\u9980\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u80fd\u542c\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u4ed6\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u8bb2\u9053\u548c\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u63a5\u53d7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u53ca\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7267\u5e08\u4e0e\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5206\u522b\u7aef\u5728\u65bc\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u63a5\u53d7\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc\u957f\u8001\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e13\u8d23\u627f\u62c5\u6559\u5bfc\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u63a5\u53d7\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u300e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u300f\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5c5e\u7075\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u804c\u4e8b\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c24\u5176\u5f97\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u522b\u628a\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u627f\u62c5\u804c\u4e8b\u53d8\u4f5c\u4e00\u9879\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u770b\u6240\u6709\u804c\u4e8b\u8005\uff08ministers\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4ec6\u5f79\u5462\uff01\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u91cd\u89c6\u795e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u6ce8\u91ca\u5916\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e5f\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u62a4\u6559\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aTractatuS\uff09\uff0c\u9a73\u65a5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\uff08Libertines\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8c2c\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d4b\u4e88\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u597d\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u6301\u5b88\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u53ea\u7834\u800c\u4e0d\u7acb\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u65e9\u57281541\u5e74\u91cd\u56de\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u8ba1\u5212\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u95f4\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bad\u7ec3\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8ba1\u5212\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6545\u4e00\u4e98\u8981\u52301558\u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b79\u5efa\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5171\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\uff08SChola\u3000Privata\uff09\u3000\uff0c\u5171\u5206\u4e03\u73ed\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u8fdb\u6df1\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u3000SChola\u3000publica\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u3001\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\u3001\u8bd7\u5b66\u3001\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7231\u5f92\u4f2f\u6492\uff08Theodore\u3000Beza\uff0c\u30001519\u20261605\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u9662\u957f\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\uff0c\u904d\u5e03\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e86\u53d1\u626c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9635\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ea6\u534f\u52a9\u5960\u5b9a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u8054\u7edc\u548c\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u548c\u58a8\u5170\u987f\u3001\u5e03\u585e\u742a\u7b49\u4ea6\u7ef4\u6301\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u52aa\u529b\u63a8\u5e7f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u82f1\u56fd\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u7267\u8005\u524d\u5f80\u8944\u7406\u4f1a\u52a1\uff0c\u53c8\u5199\u4fe1\u5b89\u6170\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u906d\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6d41\u64ad\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6545\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u65e0\u8fdc\u5f17\u5c4a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u5357\u975e\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u3001\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4f4e\u6559\u6d3e\u3001\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u3001\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7531\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\uff0e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bba\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5723\u7236\u3001\u5723\u5b50\u3001\u5723\u7075\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u5168\u4e66\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5723\u7075\u8bba\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5377\u4e09\u548c\u5377\u56db\uff09\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u662f\u4ee5\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\u4e3a\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u3002\u5723\u7236\u8bba\u5173\u8fbe\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u88ab\u9020\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u5173\u4e4e\u4eba\u8bba\u3001\u7f6a\u8bba\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\uff0c\u5723\u7075\u8bba\u5219\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6210\u5723\uff08\u6709\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u5de5\u592b\u8bba\uff07\u3000\uff09\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u548c\u672b\u4e16\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u6709\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f70\u663e\u4ed6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u63a8\u8bba\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u62a4\u7406\uff08Providence\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u4e4b\u9980\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e16\u754c\u4ecd\u7531\u4ed6\u6240\u638c\u7ba1\u3002\u4ed6\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\u65e5\u5f8c\uff08\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u671f\uff09\u90a3\u79cd\uff07\u3000\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\uff07\uff08Deism\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8f68\u8ff9\u548c\u6ce8\u5165\u52a8\u529b\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u4efb\u7531\u5b83\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u7136\u4ece\u65e0\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e07\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u586b\u81fe\u79bb\u5f00\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u590d\u5f52\u65e0\u6709\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7528\u5b83\u6743\u80fd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6258\u4f4f\u4e07\u6709\uff0c\u4e07\u6709\u5e38\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6267\u638c\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u53ca\u62a4\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u9760\u8d56\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u601d\u5178\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5374\u80fd\u4f7f\u574f\u4e8b\u53d8\u4e3a\u597d\u4e8b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u89c2\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4eba\u82e5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9884\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e43\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4fbf\u5021\u8a00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ea\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u5374\u4ecd\u672a\u6709\u5b9a\u6848\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7531\u4eba\u5f00\u521b\uff0c\u7bc7\u5176\u8d4b\u4e88\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u66f4\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u662f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u8d77\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\uff08co\uff0dcreation\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e9\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u753b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5267\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u65f6\u65e0\u523b\uff3f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u51fa\u620f\u7684\u5bfc\u6f14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6309\u672c\u5b50\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u7f62\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u4eba\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u89c6\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e0\u53ef\u53d6\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u4ecd\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\uff0c\u5e76\u591a\u6b21\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u85c9\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5c06\u5176\u5584\u5ff5\u8df5\u884c\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u4e0e\u6210\u5723\u89c2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4eba\u5728\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4e8b\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6027\u5df2\u88ab\u7f6a\u6027\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u5728\u5815\u843d\u5f8c\u5931\u843d\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d3b\u51fa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u65f6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f97\u53c2\u7167\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u552f\u4e00\u672a\u88ab\u7f6a\u6240\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u4eba\u8bba\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u662f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u900f\u8fc7\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u85c9\u8457\u6548\u6cd5\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u773c\u4e2d\u6240\u559c\u60a6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eca\u5929\u6559\u4f1a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u521a\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u300c\u4eba\uff3d\u5b66\u3002\u6709\u538b\u5012\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u6700\u70ed\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u662f\u8f85\u5bfc\uff0c\u6700\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f92\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u6210\u957f\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8ffd\u5bfb\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u7b49\u79d1\u76ee\u5927\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u3001\u4e24\u8282\u91d1\u53e5\u4f5c\u70b9\u7f00\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u62b9\u4e0a\u4e00\u70b9\u57fa\u7763\u5316\uff08\u3000Christianization\uff09\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08seif\u2026actualization_\uff09\u3000\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ed6\u65e9\u5df2\u4e3a\u7f6a\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u68a6\u60f3\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u65f6\u65e9\u5df2\u9884\u5907\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u60df\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u76f8\uff0c\u6653\u5f97\u5f53\u884c\u7684\u8def\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u4eba\u8bba\u7b49\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\uff08The\u3000Man\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u5927\u81f4\u4e0e\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8bf4\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u9ad8\u4e3e\u57fa\u7763\u6c38\u5728\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u795e\u4eba\u4e8c\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u8fc7\u5206\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u7126\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u4e49\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u7ea6\u5236\u3002\u6309\u7167\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u662f\u66f4\u88ab\u5173\u5f80\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u751a\u9ebd\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u804c\u4e8b\u3002\uff07\u57fa\u7763\uff07\u3000\u5c31\u662f\u53d7\u818f\u8005\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4eba\u8981\u53d7\u818f\u7acb\uff1a\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u796d\u53f8\u548c\u541b\u738b\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e43\u517c\u5177\u8fd9\u4e09\u91cd\u804c\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5ba3\u544a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\uff1b\u4ed6\u662f\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u796d\u7272\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u732e\u4e0a\u8d4e\u7f6a\u796d\uff1b\u4ed6\u662f\u541b\u738b\uff0c\u7edf\u6444\u4e07\u6709\uff0c\u638c\u7ba1\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u518d\u6765\u7684\u4e3b\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u8457\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5f92\u6210\u5723\u751f\u6d3b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u91cd\u89c6\u5c5e\u7075\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ea6\u786e\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff09\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u964d\u4e16\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u6210\u5168\u800c\u975e\u5e9f\u6389\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7531\u6469\u897f\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u53d8\u6210\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5374\u4f9d\u65e7\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u91cd\u89c6\u6210\u5723\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6210\u5168\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u91cd\u8e48\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8fdb\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53d6\u5411\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u66fe\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u51fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u300e\u60df\u72ec\u300f\uff1a\u60df\u72ec\u6069\u5178\u3001\u60df\u72ec\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u60df\u72ec\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5373\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\uff1a\u60df\u72ec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f97\u8363\u8000\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d85\u51e1\u4eba\u5723\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e94\u8fc7\u5206\u5173\u5207\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u88ab\u62e3\u9009\u4e0e\u8499\u62ef\u6551\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5de5\uff0c\u4eba\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fc7\u95ee\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u53d7\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u4e16\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u8363\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u751f\u662f\u6b7b\uff0c\u603b\u53eb\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u5927\u3002\uff08\u8153\u4e0020\uff09\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u5929\u5802\u91cc\u4eab\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u5c3d\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8363\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9648\u4e49\u751a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u4e0d\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cd\u70b9\u6108\u6765\u6108\u8d8b\u529f\u5229\u5316\uff0c\u5e03\u9053\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u53d6\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\uff1a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8bc4\u9274\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82e5\u8bf4\u8bf4\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u751f\u547d\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8363\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u95ee\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u8d4f\u8d50\u4e0e\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u662f\u592a\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\u4e86\u5427\u3002\u60df\u613f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u80fd\u7565\u4e3a\u8c03\u6574\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u76ca\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u503e\u5411\u3002\u5728\u5bfb\u95ee\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u751a\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u591a\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f1a\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5e26\u6765\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4e86\u5ba3\u626c\u57fa\u7763\u3001\u5f70\u663e\u57fa\u7763\u3001\u8363\u8000\u57fa\u7763\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c06\u5c5e\u7075\u64cd\u7ec3\u53d8\u5f97\u8fc7\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u3002\u6210\u5723\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5728\u65bc\u8363\u8000\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6210\u5723\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000H\uff0e\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u5173\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bfe\u8ba8\u8bba\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u65f6\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5c06\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bf4\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff08\u66f4\u6781\u7aef\u5316\uff1f\uff09\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8bf4\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u548c\u66f4\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u7267\u517b\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u624d\u63d0\u51fa\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u65bd\u5854\u65af\u5821\u7267\u517b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u4fe1\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7533\u8bc9\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u4fe1\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u79bb\u4e61\u80cc\u4e95\u3001\u5bb6\u7834\u4eba\u4ea1\u3001\u751f\u547d\u9047\u9669\u7b49\u82e6\u695a\uff1f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u51ed\u751a\u9ebd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e16\u906d\u53d7\u60a3\u96be\u4e4b\u9980\uff0c\u6765\u4e16\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62bc\u9519\u7b79\u7801\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u843d\u5728\u706d\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u884c\u5217\u91cc\uff1f\u5bf9\u6b64\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u5f97\u6551\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62e3\u9009\u548c\u4ed6\u81f3\u7ec8\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\uff08\u88ab\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8d70\u4e0a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fbf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b88\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f3\u7ec8\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u6551\u6069\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u52a0\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u91cc\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u662f\u8bba\u4e86\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u63d0\u51fa\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e3a\u5632\u5f04\u67d0\u4e9b\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5f80\u8d70\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9976\u6709\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bba\u65ad\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5373\u6216\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u8457\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7267\u517b\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u800c\u62b9\u715e\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u5185\u7684\u3002\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fc7\u5206\u7a81\u663e\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u80af\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u5f04\u626d\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u4e94\u5927\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u5168\u7136\u8d25\u574f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u6551\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e3a\u5584\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u6551\u6069\u3002\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u5343\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u53cd\u8bd8\uff1a\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u62e3\u9009\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u5f97\u6551\u4e0e\u5426\u4fbf\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u62e3\u9009\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u7aef\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u90a3\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6551\u8d4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u80fd\u529b\u8db3\u4ee5\u906e\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5374\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u81f3\u7ec8\u5f97\u6551\uff1a\u90a3\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u975e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e5f\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e5f\u3002\u65e5\u5f8c\u6709\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fee\u6b63\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u5df4\u7279\uff08Karl\u3000Barth\uff0c\u30001866\uff0d1968\uff09\u4fbf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u786e\u5b9e\u613f\u610f\u4e07\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff08\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff1b\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u6700\u5f8c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u666e\u6551\u8bba\uff08Universal\u3000Salvation\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u6551\u6069\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5982\u62e3\u9009\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u6551\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8981\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u662f\u5f97\u6551\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f97\u6551\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\uff07\u884c\u4e3a\uff07\u6216\uff07\u529f\u5fb7\uff07\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f97\u6551\u3001\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u6551\u6069\u65e2\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u7ed3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u843d\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u9884\u5b9a\u5f97\u6551\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u706d\u4ea1\u4e86\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e4b\u9980\uff0c\u5374\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e00\u6b21\u5f97\u6551\u3001\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5374\u8981\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u5076\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8d1f\u4e0a\u6bd5\u751f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u602a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5ec9\u4ef7\u795e\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u4efb\u610f\u526a\u88c1\uff0c\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u62bd\u7a7a\u5730\u8c08\u4e00\u6b21\u5f97\u6551\u3001\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6551\u6069\u5ec9\u4ef7\u5316\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6743\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5492\u8bc5\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u62e3\u9009\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u5b89\u6170\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e3b\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u597d\u4e9b\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6551\u6069\u4f1a\u5931\u843d\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5374\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6276\u6301\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u548c\u6069\u5178\uff1b\u5018\u82e5\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62e3\u9009\uff0c\u6551\u6069\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5931\u843d\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u5723\u793c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u540c\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u91cd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u4fe1\u5f92\uff08\u6b63\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff08\u8d1f\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u5723\u6d01\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u7edf\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\u662f\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5916\u663e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u771f\u7406\u6743\u5a01\u6240\u5bc4\u5bd3\u5904\uff0c\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u6069\u7684\u603b\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5723\u7edf\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6559\u4f1a\uff1a\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4f7f\u5f92\u5f7c\u5f97\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u7687\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u6559\u7687\u53ca\u5176\u795e\u5723\u4f53\u5236\u6240\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8f96\u5883\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5374\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u770b\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u88ab\u5ba3\u8bb2\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5723\u793c\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4ece\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u88ab\u4f20\u8bb2\uff0c\u5723\u793c\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u91cc\u4e5f\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u800c\u4ece\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bbe\u82e5\u6559\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u4ea6\u7acb\u5373\u5931\u53bb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u8ba9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u88ab\u4f20\u8bb2\u4e14\u88ab\u9075\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u65bc\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5c06\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u7531\u5efa\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u8df5\u884c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\u3002\u63d0\u5230\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79bb\u4e0d\u95fb\u4e8b\u5949\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u5f20\u5723\u7075\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6069\u8d50\u5206\u914d\u5404\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5404\u5c3d\u5176\u804c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3002\u804c\u4e8b\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u3001\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u3001\u533b\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u5173\u6000\u7684\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u6587\u6216\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5723\u793c\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u5728\u5802\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5916\u4e3e\u884c\u5723\u9910\u793c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5723\u9910\u793c\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u5802\u4f1a\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5408\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u5723\u9910\u793c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000J\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u5f20\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\uff08theocray\uff09\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u6559\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\uff08Clerocracy\uff09\u3000\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u610f\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u51cc\u9a7e\u65bc\u541b\u6743\u6216\u4eba\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u50cf\u6614\u65e5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u5efa\u9020\u5929\u56fd\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5374\u8ba4\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u5747\u8981\u670d\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u6765\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u97e6\u4f2f\u7b49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u811a\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u62df\u591a\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u9075\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5747\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u5f97\u5c06\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0e\u7a77\u4e4f\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5f97\u65e0\u538c\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e89\u7ade\u800c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u9650\u5236\u5229\u7387\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u6709\u8f83\u524d\u536b\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u7981\u6b62\u653e\u503a\u53d6\u5229\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u65bc\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u6709\u94b1\u4eba\u5265\u524a\u7a77\u4eba\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u501f\u8d37\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u96c6\u8d44\u6765\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u53cd\u5bf9\u6709\u4eba\u4e13\u95e8\u4ee5\u653e\u503a\u53d6\u5229\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5411\u4e3a\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u975e\u4e3a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u7a77\u4eba\u653e\u503a\u8d5a\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u5229\u606f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u592a\u9ad8\u3002\u4ed6\u5bb9\u8bb8\u501f\u8d37\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000L\uff0e\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u76f8\u4fe1\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e3a\u8981\u8ba2\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u6267\u884c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u62a5\u590d\uff08publicvengeance\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u6709\u81ea\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u8d5e\u540c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ca6\u4e3a\u66b4\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bba\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6743\u5728\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u6743\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u8ba2\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u671d\u5411\u5176\u795e\u5723\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u3001\u9519\u8c2c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u6781\u7aef\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff07\u7ea6\uff07\u3000\uff08covenant\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6307\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5957\u7528\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f3a\u8c03\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8981\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u7acb\u7ea6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u6d1b\u514b\uff08John\u3000Locke\uff0c\u30001632\uff0d1704\uff09\u7684\uff07\u6c11\u7ea6\u8bba\uff07\u3000\uff08Social\u3000Contract\u3000Theory\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000M\uff0e\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u30001541\u5e74\u91cd\u56de\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u9664\u5927\u529b\u6539\u5584\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5916\uff0c\u4fbf\u8457\u624b\u7b79\u5efa\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5373\u65f6\u8457\u624b\u7f16\u64b0\u4e00\u672c\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u800c\u5199\u7684\u5b66\u9053\u96c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521d\u7a3f\u65bc\u30001545\u5e74\u95ee\u4e16\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6297\u62d2\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5374\u62b1\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u786e\u8ba4\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u5374\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u5206\u522b\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6069\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6069\u5178\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u7528\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u65f6\u6240\u5e03\u7f72\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5929\u8d50\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1b\u63a8\u884c\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u800c\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e00\u7531\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u6240\u5f00\u62d3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u751a\u4e3a\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u6709\u540d\u7684\u957f\u6625\u85e4\u5927\u5b66\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6700\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u53ca\u65bc\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5317\u6b27\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u5357\u975e\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u81ea\u79f0\u7bc7\uff07\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff07\u3000\uff08Reformed\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5374\u51e0\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff08Reformation\u3000\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u82b1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u8bd5\u8ff0\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8981\u65e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u8272\u4f55\u5728\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\uff07\u60df\u72ec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f97\u8363\u8000\uff07\u3000\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u5904\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5728\u5bf9\u6210\u5723\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u548c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5728\u751a\u9ebd\u5730\u65b9\uff1f\u8bd5\u7565\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8981\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u8bd5\u7b80\u8ff0\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c2\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\uff08\u4ee5\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u8bfe\u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ecd\u987b\u6539\u9769\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff07\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff07\uff08Evangelicalism\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e86\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5148\u8bf4\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u8a00\uff1b\u5728\u5fb7\u6587\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u539f\u521d\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u3000Evangelical\u3000Lutherans\u4e0d\u5e94\u8bd1\u4f5c\u300c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4e49\u5b97\uff07\u3000\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4fe1\u4e49\u5b97\uff07\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7531\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08John\u3000Wesley\uff0c\u30001703\uff0d1791\uff09\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u6559\u4f1a\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4ee5\u4f20\u8bb2\u57fa\u8981\u798f\u97f3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8131\u80ce\u81ea\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u3000Fundamentalism\uff0c\u53c2\u9875\u3000377\uff0d384\u3000\uff09\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u575a\u5b88\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u8981\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u660e\u767d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u8bfe\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\uff08John\u3000R\uff0eStott\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u8be6\u52a0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e14\u4e13\u6ce8\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u536b\u65af\u91cc\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u8ba8\u8bba\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5d1b\u5174\u4e0e\u7f14\u9020\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u8bfe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u662f\u7531\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u795e\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6062\u590d\u539f\u521d\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u65e9\u7ecf\u5931\u843d\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u8bfe\u6709\u5173\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u642d\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\uff1b\u8fd9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u5355\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u9519\u8c2c\u3001\u56de\u5e94\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u9020\u5408\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\u76f4\u63a5\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5374\u53c8\u5174\u8d77\u6765\u7ea0\u6b63\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u8bfe\u4f1a\u5148\u68c0\u793a\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e86\u89e3\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u63a2\u8ba8\u536b\u6c0f\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u5faa\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u5341\u516d\u81f3\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5c40\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u53e6\u4e00\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5176\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5baa\u5236\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u85c9\u6c11\u65cf\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u3001\u4e14\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u6765\u81ea\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u9886\u8896\u4e0d\u60dc\u5bb9\u8ba9\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4ecb\u5165\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u5e72\u9884\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u4ee5\u300c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff07\u3000\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u6765\u5408\u7406\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53d7\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u9f13\u5439\u7edd\u5bf9\u738b\u6743\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u56e0\u7740\u53d7\u5230\u8f83\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\uff09\u54cd\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5927\u70ed\u8877\u65bc\u8de8\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u7684\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ca\u81f3\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u529b\u8fc5\u901f\u62ac\u5934\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u62d3\u72ec\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u751f\u4ea7\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e3b\u4e49\u52c3\u5174\u3002?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ca\u81f3\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u529b\u8fc5\u901f\u62ac\u5934\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u62d3\u72ec\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u751f\u4ea7\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e3b\u4e49\u52c3\u5174\u3002\u57281914\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c85\uff05\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7531\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u5360\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9738\u4e3b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5219\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea6\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4f26\u6566\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u30001700\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u4e07\uff0c\u5230\u30001800\u5e74\u624d\u589e\u81f3\u516b\u5341\u4e94\u4e07\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u30001890\u5e74\u5374\u66b4\u589e\u81f3\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u6025\u901f\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u5982\u4f4f\u5c4b\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u533b\u836f\u4fdd\u5065\u7b49\uff0c\u9042\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u8feb\u5207\uff1a\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u53d7\u56f0\u6700\u6df1\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4fbf\u662f\u5168\u65e0\u81ea\u4fdd\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u5de5\u539f\u672c\u4f4f\u5728\u519c\u6751\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u8457\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc5\u901f\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff0c\u5c0f\u519c\u5e84\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u751f\u8ba1\u65e0\u7740\uff0c\u9002\u9022\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9042\u79bb\u5f00\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u8f6c\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u524d\u5728\u519c\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u6bd4\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3a\u4f73\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0e\u5de6\u90bb\u53f3\u91cc\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u4e0a\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u5c3d\u53ef\u4e92\u76f8\u7167\u5e94\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\u5f53\u4e0a\u65e0\u5730\u65e0\u4ea7\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u4eba\u606f\u8fc7\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e07\u4e00\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5371\u673a\u53d8\u6545\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4fbf\u987f\u65e0\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u52b3\u5de5\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u9700\u8981\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u52b3\u5de5\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u8d44\u672c\u9636\u7ea7\u671f\u671b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff1a\u52b3\u5de5\u9636\u7ea7\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u798f\u5229\u53ca\u5173\u6000\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u7ecf\u9662\uff3f\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u6846\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7cbe\u795e\u5417\uff1f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5408\u5171\u6709\u56db\u6b21\u5927\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6240\u5e26\u52a8\uff07\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff07\u3000\u3014\u6216\u79f0\uff07\u536b\u65af\u7406\u590d\u5174\uff07\u3000\uff08WesleyanRevival\uff09\uff3d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u590d\u5174\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u89c9\u9192\u3002\uff08the\u3000First\u3000Awakening\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u89c9\u9192\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u65bc\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4e14\u770b\u6b64\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fdc\u8fd1\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7565\u504f\u4ea4\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e14\u591a\u8c08\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u8fed\u8d77\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u65e0\u529b\u56de\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08The\u3000Enlightenment\uff09\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u662f\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u9887\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u8dc3\u8fdb\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3001\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5206\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u9010\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u638c\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5236\u5b9a\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u64a4\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5e72\u9884\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u4eca\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u6240\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u4e00\u90e8\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0a\u4e86\u53d1\u6761\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u5f8c\u4fbf\u81ea\u884c\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u5916\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bbe\u7f72\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u53ea\u987b\u63a2\u6c42\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u76f4\u63a5\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u5404\u6837\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7686\u62b1\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u6000\u7591\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u9ad8\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f80\u91cd\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u8f7b\u5ffd\u751f\u547d\u9020\u5c31\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7531\u65bc\u906d\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u8d2b\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u53ca\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb3\u6015\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u4f1a\u6ca6\u4e3a\u6c11\u95f4\u98a0\u8986\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6545\u7262\u7262\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u5b83\u7ee7\u7eed\u5145\u5f53\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u4f1a\u751a\u5c11\u5bf9\u5efa\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u89c6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u968f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5df2\u5982\u524d\u8ff0\uff1b\u800c\u5c11\u6570\u85c9\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u8c0b\u53d6\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a77\u5962\u6781\u4f88\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8d25\u574f\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u70ed\u8bda\u65e5\u51cf\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9020\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u8d2b\u5bcc\u60ac\u6b8a\u3001\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u4e49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u660e\u663e\u5730\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u82e5\u4e0d\u6562\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u6765\u8c34\u8d23\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u4e49\uff0c\u4fbf\u7b49\u65bc\u95f4\u63a5\u5426\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u9002\u5207\u6027\uff1b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u82e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u5e94\u516c\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u6108\u6765\u6108\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u653e\u9010\u51fa\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8005\uff08evangelists\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u53d7\u96c7\u65bc\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u66fe\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u5728\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7267\u533a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7267\u533a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7267\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u96b6\u5c5e\u7684\u6559\u5802\u53ca\u7267\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8303\u56f4\u4ea6\u7531\u7267\u533a\u6240\u89c4\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u610f\u8f93\u8d8a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7267\u533a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53d7\u7267\u533a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5230\u5404\u5730\u4f20\u9053\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6b32\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u4ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u5802\u4f5c\u8bb2\u575b\uff0c\u4fbf\u9009\u62e9\u9762\u5bf9\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\u4f5c\u7267\u517b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u8857\u5934\u3001\u793e\u533a\u91cc\uff0c\u767e\u63a5\u9762\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5404\u9879\u5e03\u9053\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ca\u683d\u57f9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u536b\u6c0f\u7684\u6210\u957f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\u5851\u9020\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u91d1\u78a7\u571f\u7684\u300a\u6548\u6cd5\u57fa\u7763\u300b\u3002\u91d1\u78a7\u571f\u751f\u65bc\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e0e\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u540c\u671f\u3002\u4ed6\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u67af\u4e7e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u590d\u5174\u4f20\u7edf\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u6cbb\u6b7b\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d2b\u7a77\u4fed\u6734\u7b49\u3002\u91d1\u78a7\u571f\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u89c2\u5bf9\u536b\u6c0f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u7f57\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William\u3000Law\uff0c\u30001686\uff0d1761\uff09\u7684\u300a\u547c\u53ec\u8fc7\u5723\u6d01\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff08\u3000A\u3000Serious\u3000Call\u3000to\u3000a\u3000Devout\u3000andHoly\u3000Life\uff0c1728\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u5a01\u5ec9\u662f\u5251\u6865\u7684\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u57281714\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u62d2\u7edd\u6548\u5fe0\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e00\u4e16\uff08George\u3000I\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u62d2\u8a93\u6d3e\uff08Nanjuror\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300a\u547c\u53ec\u8fc7\u5723\u6d01\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u8c26\u5351\u4e0e\u81ea\u5236\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u65e8\u5728\u8363\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u4ea6\u5bf9\u536b\u6c0f\u53ca\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5fb7\u7b49\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u542f\u8499\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u4e0e\u536b\u6c0f\u7684\u5723\u4f1a\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f57\u9a6c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u7ecf\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\uff07\u795e\u7231\u6559\u793e\uff07\uff08theOratory\u3000of\u3000Divine\u3000Love\u3000\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7fa4\u5021\u8bae\u6559\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u6559\u58eb\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u5730\u64cd\u7ec3\u656c\u8654\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u505a\u5927\u4e8b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed3\u96c6\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u63a8\u52a8\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3001\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u7b49\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u6570\u4f4d\u6709\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000c\uff0e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff1a\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001735\u5e74\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5144\u5f1f\u5e94\u4f20\u9053\u4f1a\uff08Society\u3000for\u3000thePropagation\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Gospel\uff09\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u8d74\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\uff0c\u5411\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4f20\u9053\u3002\u636e\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u884c\u6446\u8131\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u9677\u843d\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5728\u4e58\u8239\u8d74\u7f8e\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9047\u4e0a\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u9886\u8896\u65bd\u82b3\u6069\u4f2f\u5c14\uff08August\u3000Gottlieb\u3000Spangenberg\uff0c1704\u20261792\uff09\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u6b21\u5ba3\u6559\u884c\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u8d25\u6d82\u5730\u3002\u536b\u6c0f\u65bc1738\u5e74\u8fd4\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\u5f8c\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u2014\u2014\u5f7c\u5f97\u6ce2\u52d2\uff08PeterBohler\uff0c1712\uff0d1775\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u536b\u6c0f\u4e0e\u5176\u5f1f\u67e5\u7406\u5f00\u59cb\u4e25\u683c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fc7\u656c\u8654\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5b88\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5747\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u7279\u522b\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7ecf\u5386\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u963f\u5c14\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u7ecf\u5386\uff07\u3000\uff08AldersgateExperience\uff0c\u53c2\u9875268\uff09\u3002\u536b\u6c0f\u4e24\u5144\u5f1f\u5176\u5f8c\u66f4\u524d\u8d74\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff07\u5b88\u671b\u5c4b\uff07\u3000\uff08Herrnhut\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u5904\u4e86\u6570\u6708\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u672a\u8bba\u8ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u4ea4\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e0b\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u7b2c\u4e94\u8bfe\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5baa\u5236\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u3001\u501f\u52a9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5171\u5206\u4e09\u5927\u6d3e\u522b\uff1a\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\uff0c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u6e90\u81ea\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u4fbf\u662f\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u53d7\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6267\u8457\u4e0e\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u4e00\u822c\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u795e\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u7d27\u7684\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5206\u4eab\u4e0e\u4e92\u5229\u3002\u53d7\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u9886\u53d7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8d5e\u6210\u65e0\u9650\u4ee3\u8d4e\u8bba\uff08Universal\u3000Atonement\uff09\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6551\u6069\u662f\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u6743\u5229\u9009\u62e9\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u672a\u9884\u5148\u9650\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u6551\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u6ce8\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u5f20\u5ba3\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5373\u9f13\u52b1\u597d\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u522b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e3a\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u5ba3\u6559\u5e03\u9053\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5173\u6000\u6148\u60e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u5f3a\u8c03\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5df2\u8fc1\u5165\u5149\u660e\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cc\u6697\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u518d\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u8fde\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ddf\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u4e4e\u57fa\u7763\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5374\u76f8\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdc\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5f97\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u505a\u5305\u91cc\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53d7\u82e6\u7684\u4eba\u4f38\u51fa\u63f4\u624b\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u91cd\u6551\u63f4\u6027\u7684\u6148\u60e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u8f7b\u89c6\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u667a\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8f7b\u89c6\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5168\u76d8\u62b9\u715e\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u65ad\u8a00\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u7075\u6027\u4e0e\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u4e0e\u7075\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e76\u5b58\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e0e\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u524d\u6bb5\u8c08\u5230\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u53ef\u7565\u7aa5\u89c1\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u5bf9\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6d41\u64ad\uff0c\u4ea6\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u85c9\u8457\u4ed6\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u7684\u5927\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u666e\u4e16\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e0b\u63a8\u5e7f\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5927\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u89c2\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u662f\u8d6b\u7136\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u51fa\u73b0\u65bc\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u8f83\u536b\u65af\u91cc\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65e9\u4e0d\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u91cc\u6240\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u4e9a\u4ec1\u7279\uff08Johann\u3000Arndt\uff0e\u30001555\uff0d1621\uff09\u3001\u65bd\u672c\u5c14\uff08Philip\u3000Jakobspcner\uff0c\u30001635\uff0d1705\uff09\u4e0e\u5bcc\u6717\u5f00\uff08August\u3000Hermann\u3000Francke\uff0c1631\uff0d1727\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7ecf\u9662\u795e\u5b66\u8fc7\u5206\u6ce8\u91cd\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u8c03\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u656c\u8654\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u79bb\u5f00\u539f\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u81ea\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff3b\u656c\u8654\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u3000collegia\u3000pietatis\uff09\u3015\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u63a8\u52a8\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e43\u81f3\u6559\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7075\u547d\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3e\u9685\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u65bc\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5e03\u7f6e\u4e00\u6761\u533a\u5206\u5723\u4fd7\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u51fa\u4e16\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5151\u73b0\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5c5e\u7075\u53ca\u5c5e\u4e16\u4f5c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u5f53\u4f5c\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6263\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5723\u804c\u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4e0e\u7267\u517b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u884c\u533b\u6551\u4eba\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u5723\u5de5\uff1b\u60df\u6709\u5728\u4ed6\u5411\u75c5\u4eba\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u7b97\u53c2\u4e0e\u5723\u5de5\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6bcf\u5929\u671d\u4e5d\u665a\u4e94\u4e0a\u73ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b97\u5b9e\u8df5\u5723\u53ec\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u73ed\u5f8c\u8fd4\u6559\u4f1a\u9884\u5907\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u58c1\u62a5\u677f\uff0c\u624d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5723\u53ec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u540c\u6837\u4e3b\u5f20\uff07\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff07\u3000\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5df2\u5728\u5c65\u8df5\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u804c\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5728\u516c\u9980\u53c2\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e8b\u5949\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e25\u5206\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0e\u5c5e\u4e16\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u89c2\u3001\u5c06\u5723\u804c\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\u89c2\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u8f6c\u6369\u70b9\uff1a\uff07\u91cd\u751f\uff07\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u91cc\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e0e\u5176\u5f1f\u67e5\u7406\u57281738\u5e74\u7684\uff07\u91cd\u751f\uff07\u3000\u7ecf\u5386\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u963f\u5c14\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u7ecf\u5386\uff07\u3000\uff0c\u5faa\u9053\u5b97\u4eca\u5929\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\uff07\u7075\u6027\u590d\u82cf\uff07\u3000\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u9887\u5fd7\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\uff07\u91cd\u751f\uff07\u3000\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7740\u5934\u8111\u4e0a\u8ba4\u77e5\u57fa\u7763\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u65b0\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u6094\u6539\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65e5\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5bfc\u56e0\u3002<br 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       <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\uff07\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff07\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u8457\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u767d\u767d\u79f0\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u4eba\u6bcb\u987b\u52c9\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5373\u4f7f\u518d\u52aa\u529b\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ed6\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u773c\u4e2d\u770b\u4e3a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u597d\u8ba9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\uff07\u8f6c\u8d26\uff07\u3000\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e49\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u884c\u521b\u9020\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u590d\u539f\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u9053\u7406\u7f62\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u7f57\u7ea6\u62c9\u7684\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4e22\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4ea6\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5fc3\u8981\u505a\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u884c\u4e5e\u5ea6\u65e5\uff0c\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d64\u8d2b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u81ea\u89c9\u7f6a\u5b7d\u6df1\u91cd\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5e73\u5b89\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u51ed\u5df1\u529b\u7acb\u5fd7\u8ba8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u559c\u60a6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6b63\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u6096\u9006\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u62b5\u9500\u6096\u9006\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u653e\u5f03\u5984\u56fe\u6210\u4e3a\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u987a\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u987a\u670d\u5728\u4ee5\u6559\u7687\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6559\u7687\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u670d\u4ece\u4ed6\u3002\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5984\u6c42\u8fc7\u5723\u6d01\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u5984\u6c42\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u5927\u4e8b\uff1a\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u542c\u547d\u65bc\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u7b79\u7b97\u90fd\u4ed8\u6258\u7ed9\u51cc\u9a7e\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u7531\u5b83\u5206\u8bc9\u53d1\u843d\u3002\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4e22\u521b\u529e\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u571f\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4fee\u4f1a\u591a\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u8a93\uff1a\u5728\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u8d1e\u6d01\u3001\u987a\u670d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u53e6\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6548\u5fe0\u6559\u7687\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u5f8c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\uff07\u94c1\u8840\u5175\u56e2\uff07\u3000\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u505a\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e25\u8c28\u656c\u8654\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u5404\u9879\u9053\u5fb7\u8beb\u5f8b\uff0c\u7aed\u8bda\u670d\u4f8d\u7a77\u4e4f\u4eba\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6108\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u5408\u4e4e\u4e3b\u7528\uff0c\u4fbf\u6108\u6709\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u81ea\u60ed\u5f62\u79fd\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5728\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u8457\u4e00\u6b21\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff07\u91cd\u751f\uff07\u3000\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a\u7a81\u7136\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u5723\u7075\u5f7b\u5e95\u5145\u6ee1\u3001\u751f\u547d\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\u6240\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5f77\u4f5b\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8\u4e86\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e49\u6ce8\u6ee1\u4ed6\u7684\u91cc\u5916\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7f6a\u6d17\u6da4\u51c0\u5c3d\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e7\u6211\u5df2\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u9489\u6b7b\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u6d3b\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9020\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u79f0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e3a\uff07\u5168\u7136\u6210\u5723\uff07\u3000\uff08\u3000entire\u3000sanctification\uff09\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4eba\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\uff07\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\uff07\u3000\uff08christian\u3000perfection\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6b64\u79cd\u6210\u5723\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u4e3a\u52aa\u529b\u53ef\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5723\u7075\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u53c8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\uff07\u5723\u7075\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6069\u5178\uff07\u3000\uff08second\u3000grace\u3000of\u3000theHoly\u3000Spirit\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\uff0c\u4e43\u76f8\u5bf9\u65bc\u5723\u7075\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6551\u6069\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6210\u5723\u89c2\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u5bf9\u6210\u5723\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u884c\u4e8b\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u8499\u7684\u6069\u76f8\u79f0\uff1b\u800c\u536b\u65af\u91cc\u7ea6\u7ff0\u672c\u4eba\u4ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u5723\u6d01\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u89c9\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u52aa\u529b\u4ea6\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u53ea\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u843d\u5728\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e0c\u671b\u5374\u53c8\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u671b\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u4eba\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u536b\u6c0f\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u5c42\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u5723\u6d01\u65e0\u57a2\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5723\u6d01\u4e0d\u590d\u662f\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u6240\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\uff07\u91cd\u751f\uff07\u3000\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u70b9\u51fa\uff0c\u5723\u6d01\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5f97\u8457\u5168\u7136\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u4e0e\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\uff07\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u4e49\uff07\u3000\u6709\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\uff1b\u800c\uff07\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u4e49\uff07\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f71\u54cd\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u95ee\u4e00\u4f4d\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u4fe1\u5f92\uff1a\uff07\u4f60\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u5f97\u6551\u786e\u636e\u5462\uff1f\uff07\u3000\u4ed6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5c06\u662f\uff1a\uff07\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u8457\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u786e\u636e\uff0c\u6551\u6069\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u62e3\u9009\u548c\u9884\u5b9a\uff0c\u8ddf\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u51b3\u5fd7\u53d7\u6d17\u3015\u65e0\u5173\uff1b\u4eba\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u51ed\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u7ed3\u679c\u5b50\u7684\u597d\u574f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9274\u522b\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u5728\u597d\u6811\u4e0a\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u800c\u5df2\uff07\u3000\u3002\u85c9\u8457\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u8868\u73b0\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u8fa8\u8ba4\u5f97\u6551\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u6c0f\u6240\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u660e\u3001\u53c8\u66f4\u6613\u9274\u522b\u6551\u6069\u786e\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\u7ecf\u5386\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5145\u6ee1\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5df2\u8499\u4e0a\u5e1d\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u8fa8\u522b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u771f\u4f2a\u7684\u786e\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u95ee\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u82e5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u4efb\u610f\u3001\u592a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f17\u4eba\u5171\u6709\u7684\u5916\u5728\u8bc1\u636e\uff1f\uff07\u3000\u4e94\u65ec\u8282\u5b97\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u7684\uff01\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u5723\u7075\u5145\u6ee1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5723\u7075\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u813e\u6027\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u66f4\u4f1a\u8d50\u4e0b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb2\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u65bd\u884c\u795e\u8ff9\u5947\u4e8b\u7b49\uff07\u3000\u3002\u4e94\u65ec\u8282\u5b97\u8fd9\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u53d7\u536b\u6c0f\u6210\u5723\u89c2\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u3000Holiness\u3000Movement\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5faa\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u5faa\u9053\u6d3e\uff08Methodism\uff09\u8fd9\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4e43\u7531\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u67e5\u7406\u6240\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fd7\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u91cd\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u6309\u6cd5\u5219\u800c\u884c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u536b\u6c0f\u5bf9\u6b64\u540d\u79f0\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u9053\u6559\u53cb\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u5723\u7ecf\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5faa\u9053\u6d3e\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u8457\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5fb7\u53ca\u536b\u6c0f\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08Anglican\u3000Evangelicals\uff09\u3000\uff1b\u5f8c\u6765\u5f53\u5faa\u9053\u6d3e\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\u81ea\u6210\u5b97\u6d3e\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4fbf\u6307\u536b\u6c0f\u7684\u5faa\u9053\u5b97\u7684\u6559\u53cb\uff08WesleyanMetjpdosts\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5faa\u9053\u6d3e\u7684\u96cf\u578b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u79c9\u627f\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u539f\u521d\u5e76\u65e0\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u6216\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u3002\u4ed6\u76ee\u7779\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u79ef\u5f0a\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u5176\u6df1\u91cd\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5371\u673a\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5904\u65b9\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u8d77\u7089\u7076\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d1\u52a8\u4fe1\u5f92\u6210\u7acb\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u56e2\u5951\u548c\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5584\u884c\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5949\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5730\u7684\u6539\u9020\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\uff0c\u536b\u6c0f\u5468\u6e38\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u5f00\uff1f\u3000\uff1f\u9053\u53ca\u57f9\u7075\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5fb7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u536b\u6c0f\u5728\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u5bb6\u5ead\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u81ea\u5c0f\u4e60\u60ef\u5404\u79cd\u5d07\u62dc\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u89c4\u89c4\u77e9\u77e9\uff0c\u5bf9\u65bc\u968f\u673a\u51d1\u5408\u7684\u91ce\u5916\u5e03\u9053\u5fc3\u5b58\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u671f\u671b\u8fc7\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u5802\u8bb2\u575b\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bb2\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u79cd\u5145\u6ee1\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u5bcc\u751f\u6c14\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u6052\u5e38\u6307\u6458\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u65f6\u60ef\u65bc\u8bb2\u4f53\u9762\u53ca\u9648\u8154\u6ee5\u8c03\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u70ed\u8005\u3002\u6545\u4ed6\u6108\u6765\u6108\u96be\u83b7\u5f97\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u9080\u8bf7\uff1b\u9a91\u9a6c\u5230\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u3001\u5e02\u533a\u5e7f\u573a\u91cc\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u65c5\u9986\u95e8\u5916\u5ba3\u8bb2\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6bd5\u751f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u8bb2\u9053\u6b21\u6570\u8fbe\u56db\u4e07\u4e8c\u5343\u6b21\u4e4b\u591a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u6c0f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u9053\u5fb7\u628a\u4e00\u76f4\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4f1a\u793e\uff3b\u5148\u662f\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f8c\u8fc1\u5f80\u8d39\u8fbe\u5df7\uff08FettrrLane\uff09\u3015\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5c0f\u56e2\u300d\uff08bands\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c0f\u56fd\u6709\u516d\u81f3\u516b\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4eff\u7167\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u7684\u300c\u5b88\u671b\u5c4b\u3002\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u53ca\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\uff08Bristol\uff09\u9080\u8bf7\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u611f\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u4f1a\u793e\uff0c\u5171\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4e2a\u4f1a\u793e\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8981\u4e00\u540c\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u529d\u52c9\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ee5\u7231\u5fc3\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5f97\u6551\u5de5\u592b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3a\u6570\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u7f16\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c0f\u56e2\uff0c\u5c0f\u56e2\u4e43\u5355\u6027\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u5373\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u4eff\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u65e9\u671f\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u56e2\u9886\u8896\u7686\u7531\u4ed6\u4eb2\u81ea\u6307\u6d3e\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001742\u5e74\uff0c\u536b\u6c0f\u65bc\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u7684\u4f1a\u793e\u4e2d\u6539\u884c\uff07\u73ed\u4f1a\uff07\uff08classes\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bcf\u73ed\u4f1a\u5341\u4e8c\u4eba\u3002\u73ed\u4f1a\u9664\u53d1\u6325\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5c0f\u56e2\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u73ed\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u66f4\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u7267\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5468\u4e0e\u73ed\u5458\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u67e5\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6267\u884c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73ed\u4f1a\u805a\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u95e8\u5f92\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u53ca\u7b79\u6b3e\uff08\u6551\u6d4e\u7a77\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7231\u7b75\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u79f0\u4e3a\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5171\u540c\u5206\u4eab\u98df\u7269\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\u3002\u5faa\u9053\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65e0\u610f\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u6216\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u9f13\u52b1\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f1a\u793e\u4e0e\u73ed\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u9980\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u5230\u6559\u5802\u5b88\u793c\u62dc\u3001\u9886\u5723\u9910\uff1b\u4f1a\u793e\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5747\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6559\u4f1a\u4f8b\u884c\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u5411\u4f4e\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u521a\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u4f1a\u53cb\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u96be\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u65f6\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u8d35\u65cf\u5316\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f97\u53e6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u805a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5d07\u62dc\u5730\u65b9\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u536b\u6c0f\u7b49\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u5374\u6bd4\u8f83\u6ce8\u91cd\u611f\u60c5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u5f3a\u70c8\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5b57\u53e5\uff0c\u6307\u65a5\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u9519\u5931\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d77\u6765\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u52a1\u6c42\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u624e\u5fc3\u6d41\u6cea\u3001\u8840\u8109\u6cb8\u817e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fd7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5fb7\u4e0e\u536b\u6c0f\u7684\u8bb2\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u5355\u8584\uff0c\u6765\u6765\u53bb\u53bb\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u57fa\u8981\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5bf9\u7f6a\u7684\u6307\u65a5\u4e0e\u6094\u6539\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3001\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u5b9d\u8840\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u56e0\u4fe1\u85c9\u6069\u5178\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u53ca\u5f8c\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u6d3e\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u8bba\u7b49\uff1b\u5bf9\u5a01\u6c0f\u4e0e\u536b\u6c0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u6f14\u8bf4\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u8bb2\u9053\u83b7\u81f4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc9\u8bf8\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8868\u8fbe\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53d7\u7075\u6069\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7684\u57f9\u7075\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u53cd\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5faa\u89c4\u8e48\u77e9\u7684\u91ca\u7ecf\u8bb2\u9053\u4fbf\u6108\u6765\u6108\u7f55\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5ba3\u8bb2\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f15\u6765\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7279\u522b\u53d7\u7a77\u4eba\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u662f\u88ab\u90a3\u4e2a\u5411\u4e0a\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u770b\u9f50\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u96c5\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7ec5\u58eb\u9636\u7ea7\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u5236\u9020\u522b\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u8fde\u53e3\u97f3\u4e5f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u6709\u5206\u522b\uff1b\u6559\u58eb\u5fd7\u5207\u4eff\u6548\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u7ae0\u6587\u7b14\u5178\u96c5\u4f18\u7f8e\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u9648\u8154\u6ee5\u8c03\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u53d7\u6c11\u4f17\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5411\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u9053\u8005\u4e8b\u5949\u7684\u6210\u529f\u51c6\u7ef3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u557b\u662f\u5728\u5baa\u5236\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u771f\u6b63\u8d2f\u5f7b\u4e86\uff07\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff07\u3000\u6b64\u5185\u8574\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u65e7\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5374\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d6\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u5bfc\u5411\uff08\u798f\u97f3\u673a\u6784\u6700\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u798f\u97f3\u804c\u4e8b\u53d8\u6210\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u7fa4\u4f17\u559c\u6b22\u751a\u9ebd\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4f9b\u5e94\u751a\u4e48\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u4ee5\u8bb2\u5458\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u59d4\u8eab\u65bc\u5ba3\u8bb2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8bb2\u9053\u6210\u4e86\u4fc3\u6210\u4fe1\u5f92\u751f\u547d\u590d\u5174\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\u3002\u867d\u8bf4\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u5c06\u6614\u65e5\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5723\u793c\u89c2\u5ff5\u9664\u53bb\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u66f4\u5c06\u8bb2\u9053\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6548\u7528\u53d1\u6325\u5f97\u6700\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u7fa4\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7fa4\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0d\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u610f\uff08\u4f20\u9012\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u66f4\u662f\u4f20\u60c5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u6545\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u6388\u8bfe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u7ecf\u5386\uff08event\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6f14\u7ece\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f83\u8bf8\u8981\u4f20\u8bb2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u5f62\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6545\u8bb2\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8bb2\u9053\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bb2\u9053\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53d8\u6210\u4ee5\u8bb2\u5458\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u9645\u800c\u5c11\u795e\u5b66\u4e89\u62d7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5927\u5173\u5fc3\u795e\u5b66\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5206\u6b67\u53ea\u5728\u70bc\u9009\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u53cd\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u6551\u8d4e\u8bba\uff0c\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e9a\u7c73\u7ebd\u65af\u6d3e\uff08\u53c2\u9875128\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5fb7\u5219\u662f\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u53cc\u91cd\u9884\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002\u55e3\u5f8c\uff0c\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u5927\u62b5\u4ea6\u5c31\u6b64\u8bfe\u9898\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e00\u6d3e\u8d5e\u6210\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u5219\u5c5e\u4e9a\u7c73\u7ebd\u65af\u6d3e\u3002\u536b\u6c0f\u66fe\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u6258\u666e\u96f7\u4ee3\uff08Augustus\u3000Montague\u3000Toplady\u3000Toplady\uff1b1740\uff0dI778\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u6fc0\u70c8\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u6258\u666e\u96f7\u4ee3\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u7684\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5176\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u54c1\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u4e07\u53e4\u78d0\u77f3\u4e3a\u6211\u5f00\u300b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000F\u3002\u5e26\u52a8\u5404\u79cd\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d7\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e3a\u9e44\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u4e3b\u5f20\u85c9\u798f\u97f3\u6539\u9020\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5927\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u56fd\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7531\u65bc\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u5f92\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u60c5\u800c\u975e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6545\u5c06\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u7406\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u89c6\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6d3e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u8981\u6c42\u4fe1\u5f92\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u5c65\u884c\u798f\u97f3\uff1b\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u5916\u7684\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ea6\u6bcb\u987b\u987e\u8651\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u6548\u5fe0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5e73\u60c5\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u5b97\u6d3e\u5c42\u9762\u8c08\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u96be\u65bc\u767b\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e8b\u5de5\u5c42\u9762\u8c0b\u6c42\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u6253\u7834\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u7684\u85e9\u7bf1\uff0c\u5c31\u8f7b\u6613\u5f97\u591a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6210\u5723\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u795e\u533b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u4e94\u65ec\u8282\u7075\u6069\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7686\u53ef\u6eaf\u6e90\u81ea\u6b64\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000G\uff0e\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5982\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5168\u6743\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u80a9\u8d1f\u5ba1\u5224\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ca\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u536b\u6c0f\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\uff07\u82e5\u7136\u5bf9\u7f6a\u6076\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\u72af\u7f6a\uff08either\u3000condemn\u3000sin\u3000or\u3000condonesin\uff09\uff07\u3002\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6539\u5584\u7ae5\u5de5\u5f85\u9047\u3001\u7981\u9152\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u66fe\u9020\u6210\u751a\u9ebd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u5404\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u590d\u5174\u70ed\u6f6e\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u5374\u6084\u6084\u5730\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u534a\u58c1\u6c5f\u5c71\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6ecb\u957f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e09\u4e2a\uff1f\u8bd5\u7b80\u8ff0\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u8bd5\u7b80\u8ff0\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4f55\u7279\u8272\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u4f60\u5bf9\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6210\u5723\u89c2\u6709\u4f55\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8bfe\u3000\u7a46\u5fb7\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000I\uff0e\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5408\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96be\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u4e5d\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6574\u5408\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u5f81\u670d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u4e0e\u539f\u4e3a\u6d77\u6d0b\u5206\u9694\u95f4\u6765\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u5957\u548c\u5e73\u516c\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u5904\u89c4\u5219\u5c1a\u672a\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u8de8\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u5f81\u670d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u8981\u541e\u706d\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u5f8b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7b49\u6b27\u6d32\u6d77\u6743\u9738\u4e3b\uff0c\u9738\u5360\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u4e03\u6210\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u65b0\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08New\u3000Imperialism\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u51ed\u85c9\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u8bf8\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f8c\u76fe\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u5df2\u5dee\u6d3e\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u8db3\u8ff9\u904d\u53ca\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7531\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u56e0\u5e94\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u666e\u4e16\u5316\uff08\u5e7f\u4f20\u5929\u4e0b\uff09\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e92\u76f8\u6574\u5408\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u300e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u300f\uff08ecumenicalmovements\uff09\u4fbf\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u53ec\u5f00\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u62db\u805a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5f7c\u6b64\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5e38\u7f72\u7684\u8054\u7edc\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8ba2\u5b9a\u5404\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7406\u60f3\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u8bfe\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7a46\u5fb7\uff08John\u3000R\uff0eMott\uff0c1865\uff0d1955\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4fc3\u6210\u5341\u4e5d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u65e0\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\uff0c\u53a5\u529f\u751a\u4f1f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56e0\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e1a\u91cc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6897\u6982\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u672c\u8bfe\u5171\u5206\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9996\u5148\u7f15\u8ff0\u7a46\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u662f\u6709\u5173\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u7236\uff1a\u7a46\u5fb7\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7a46\u5fb7\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5317\u7f8e\u548c\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4e8b\u5de5\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u8eab\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u6784\u548c\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4e13\u6ce8\u65bc\u8bba\u8ff0\u7a46\u5fb7\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u53ca\u63a8\u5c55\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d89\u730e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u53cd\u6b63\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u7279\u522b\u5177\u521b\u89c1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u3002\u7a46\u5fb7\u4e0d\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u3002<br 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        <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u968f\u8457\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u62ef\u6551\u7075\u9b42\u8f6c\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u897f\u6d0b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u65bc\u4f20\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u827e\u8fea\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u53ca\u5b66\u751f\u5fd7\u613f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6295\u8eab\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u524d\u8fdb\u8fd0\u52a8\u300d\uff08Men\u3000and\u3000Religion\u3000Forward\u3000Movement\uff09\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5c06\u5929\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u95f4\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u63a8\u5e7f\u8054\u76df\u4f1a\u5f02\u8c61\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001910\u5e746\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u5ba3\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u300c\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5ba3\u6559\u5927\u4f1a\uff07\uff08Edinbrugh\u3000MissionaryConference\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u6765\u5fb7\u91cc\uff08Kenneth\u3000S\uff0e\u3000Latourette\uff0c1884\u20261968\uff09\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u66f4\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u8457\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6709\u5173\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u6e90\u81ea1907\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u300c\u5317\u7f8e\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\uff08The\u3000Foreign\u3000Missions\u3000Conference\u3000of\u3000NorthAmerica\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7a46\u5fb7\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u50ac\u8005\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u540d\u5dee\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e91\u96c6\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u53c2\u4e0e\u662f\u6b21\u76db\u4f1a\u3002\u7a46\u5fb7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e3b\u6301\u6574\u4e2a\u5ba3\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4ea6\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u5411\u672a\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u6559\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u4eca\u6b63\u662f\u8df5\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6545\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc5\u987b\u643a\u624b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ba3\u6559\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ffe\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6210\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u539a\u8fbe\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u9875\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u523b\u300b\uff08TheDecisive\u3000Hour\u3000of\u3000Christian\u3000Missions\uff09\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001054\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u4e0e\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u56e0\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u957f\u4e45\u5272\u65ad\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u30021517\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u518d\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53ca\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4fbf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u4e3b\u52a8\u7531\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5176\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u884c\u8bba\uff0c\u6539\u6559\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u575a\u6301\u771f\u7406\u6bd4\u7ef4\u62a4\u5408\u4e00\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u5bb9\u9000\u8ba9\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u5728\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u4e00\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5728\u5408\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u624d\u662f\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u53ea\u5c5e\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7ecf\u9662\u795e\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u90fd\u9ad8\u4e3e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5148\u771f\u7406\u3001\u5f8c\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u82e5\u5f97\u5148\u5728\u771f\u7406\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8c0b\u6c42\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u5408\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5408\u4e00\u4fbf\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5938\u5927\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u88c2\u884c\u52a8\u5408\u7406\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5206\u6b67\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5982\u6b64\u60ac\u6b8a\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fc4\u4eca\u5df2\u8fd1\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u6570\u76ee\u6709\u589e\u65e0\u51cf\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u673a\u6784\u5982\u96e8\u5f8c\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u6b63\u671d\u8457\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e0e\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5b83\u4eec\u53e6\u8d77\u7089\u7076\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u53ca\u771f\u7406\u8be0\u91ca\u4e0a\u7a81\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6d3e\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fe5\u5f02\u5904\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u523b\u610f\u5236\u9020\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u7075\u6069\u6d3e\u603b\u7231\u6307\u6458\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u53ea\u91cd\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u91cd\u5723\u7075\uff0c\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u522b\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u5728\u7075\u6069\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5c\u6291\u6b64\u6216\u5f7c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u85e9\u7bf1\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u62c6\u6bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u5899\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5148\u8c08\u771f\u7406\u5f8c\u8bb2\u53f0\u4e00\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u8c08\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u793c\u4eea\u53ca\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u6b63\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u5bfb\u6c42\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u8fde\u5bf9\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u548c\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u7684\u8282\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u822c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u5171\u8bc6\u5462\uff1a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u5723\u9910\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8a00\u4eba\u4eba\u6b8a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6d3e\u5404\u81ea\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u8d8b\u5411\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u9752\u5e74\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u4e5d\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e3b\u50ac\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u5148\u8c0b\u6c42\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff08\u5723\u6d01\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u795e\u533b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u548c\u798f\u97f3\u4e8b\u5de5\uff08\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\uff09\u7b49\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7ea0\u7f20\u65bc\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5b97\u6d3e\u751a\u6216\u8d85\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5802\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u5fd7\u613f\u6d77\u5916\u5e03\u9053\u56e2\uff09\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u4fe1\u5f92\u4ee5\u4e2a\u522b\u8eab\u5206\u52a0\u76df\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u5efa\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u5408\u4e00\u8bc9\u6c42\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7a81\u7834\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u56e0\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u800c\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7531\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u53ca\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u4e43\u662f\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u771f\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u5408\u4e00\u4e43\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u8fbe\u81f4\u5408\u4e00\u7684\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u7b79\u529e\u8054\u5408\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5b97\u6d3e\u5916\u53e6\u7acb\u65b0\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u4ece\u5934\u505a\u8d77\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u6b27\u7f8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6025\u5267\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ece\u524d\u4e0d\u66fe\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u5b73\u751f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u76f4\u4f9d\u5b58\u8457\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u578b\u6001\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u5411\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4d\u5904\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff08\u6216\u8bf4\u8fb9\u7f18\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u6f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u8f83\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e3a\u5927\u3002\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5199\u7167\uff0c\u800c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5802\u4f1a\u5411\u6765\u8f83\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u4ee3\u98ce\u6f6e\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u4e0d\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u6545\u56de\u5e94\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5f80\u5f80\u4fbf\u843d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u5148\u77e5\u5148\u89c9\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u5236\u5916\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5931\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff1b\u4e3a\u633d\u6551\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u7075\u6027\u7684\u75b2\u60eb\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5973\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u4ea6\u76f8\u7ee7\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u6613\u627f?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u9752\u5e74\u4e8b\u5de5\u5916\uff0c\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5173\u6000\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c1925\u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e94\u767e\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d\u5728\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u63a2\u8ba8\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u8bae\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\uff07\u3000\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5de5\uff07\u3000\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f1a\u5f8c\uff0c1930\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff07\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5de5\u5927\u4f1a\uff07\u3000\uff08UniverSal\u3000Christian\u3000Council\u3000for\u3000Life\u3000and\u3000Work\uff09\uff1b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u6000\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6559\u5236\u8fd0\u52a8\u8ddf\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5411\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u63a2\u95ee\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8b\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u5219\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8c03\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u5bfb\u627e\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u516c\u56e0\u6570\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u7834\u9664\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u85e9\u7bf1\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u80fd\u4e3a\u5404\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u6d3e\u5171\u540c\u606a\u5b88\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9996\u5021\u8005\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6559\u5e03\u5170\u7279\uff08CharlesBrent\uff0c1862\uff0d1929\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7a46\u5fb7\u662f\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u65e9\u81ea1905\u5e74\u4fbf\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u51fa\u5e2d1910\u5e74\u7684\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5ba3\u6559\u5927\u4f1a\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u7403\u5173\u65bc\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6559\u5236\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1b\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u574e\u7279\u4f2f\u96f7\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u6234\u7ef4\u900a\uff08Randall\u3000Davidson\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u4ee5\u8463\u5176\u4e8b\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u539f\u62df\u57281917\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u6b27\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6545\u88ab\u8feb\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u57281927\u5e74\u745e\u58eb\u6d1b\u6851\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\uff07\u666e\u4e16\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6559\u5236\u4f1a\u8bae\uff07\uff08Worldconference\u3000on\u3000Faith\u3000and\u3000Order\uff09\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u4fe1\u7ea6\u3001\u5723\u793c\u3001\u804c\u4e8b\u53ca\u5d07\u62dc\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u632a\u5f00\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7a46\u5fb7\u4e5f\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001937\u5e74\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6559\u5236\u8fd0\u52a8\u65bc\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u4e3e\u884c\u53ec\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8bae\u51b3\u5e76\u5165\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u5e76\u5165\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53ca\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6559\u5236\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4f26\u5fb7\uff08Lund\uff0c1952\uff09\u548c\u6ee1\u5730\u53ef\uff08Montreal\uff0c1963\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u4efd\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u6c34\u793c\u3001\u5723\u9910\u4e0e\u5723\u804c\u300b\uff08Baptism\uff1b\u3000Eucharistand\u3000Ministry\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0BEM\u3000\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6d3e\u5171\u540c\u4fe1\u5b88\u7684\u6c34\u793c\u53ca\u5723\u9910\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u636e\u77e5\u91c7\u7eb3\u8fd9\u5957\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6613\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\u8fdc\u8f83\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u53ca\u793c\u4eea\u4e0a\u8c0b\u6c42\u7edf\u4e00\u6765\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u6d89\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e0e\u89d2\u8272\u8ba4\u540c\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u89c6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8ffd\u6c42\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u4e0a\u6c42\u540c\u5b58\u5f02\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u5c06\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u975e\u795e\u5b66\u5316\u548c\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8c0b\u6c42\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5176\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u7262\u4e0d\u53ef\u7834\u7684\u79ef\u6dc0\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u6559\u4e49\u4ea6\u90fd\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u7d27\u6263\u800c\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7275\u4e00\u53d1\u800c\u52a8\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u8c08\u4f55\u5bb9\u6613\uff01\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bb2\u53f0\u662f\u7f6e\u65bc\u793c\u5802\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u5d07\u62dc\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4e8b\u5949\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\uff0c\u6700\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u732e\u796d\u662f\uff07\u5c06\u8eab\u4f53\u732e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4f5c\u6d3b\u796d\uff07\u3000\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u606d\u8c28\u5730\u8df5\u884c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u7f8e\u3001\u6700\u5408\u5b9c\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u8981\u8df5\u884c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f97\u9996\u5148\u8046\u542c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u65e5\u6b63\u662f\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5947\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u606d\u8046\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u5176\u9980\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u8df5\u884c\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5c06\u8bb2\u53f0\u653e\u65bc\u793c\u5802\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7684\u5e03\u7f72\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89c2\u53ca\u5723\u793c\u89c2\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u6574\u5408\u662f\u6781\u5176\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6c42\u901f\u89c1\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u80cc\u5f8c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u56e0\u7d20\u4e88\u4ee5\u5254\u9664\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u770b\u6210\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u793c\u5802\u5e03\u8d3e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8bb2\u53f0\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u6446\u653e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u6216\u7f72\u4e2d\u6216\u504f\u5de6\u6216\u504f\u53f3\uff0c\u4efb\u541b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u6b63\u662f\u628a\u793c\u5802\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u795e\u5b66\u5316\u548c\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u5316\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5d07\u62dc\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4eea\u5f0f\u7f16\u6392\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\u5e94\u6709\u8ba4\u7f6a\u3001\u656c\u62dc\u3001\u4ee3\u6c42\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u4e0b\u63f4\u5f15\u2014\u3001\u4e24\u8282\u91d1\u53e5\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff1b\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u665a\u4f1a\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u7f16\u6392\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u5355\u5143\u5316\uff08\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u8fde\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fe1\u4e49\u5b97\u7684\u4e09\u4ee3\u7ecf\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5219\u8bd5\u7528\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u5531\u9882\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\u52a1\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u5d07\u62dc\u6d3b\u52a8\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4fe1\u5f92\u611f\u5230\u6c89\u95f7\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u7acb<br 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        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6309\u8457\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5185\u8bc1\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u8df3\u8d8a\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u4e00\u7bee\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6295\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6c42\u53d8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ece\u6b64\u4fbf\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7a0b\u6854\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bfb\u6c42\u7a81\u7834\uff1b\u771f\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4fbf\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u8981\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6295\u5165\u5b83\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b83\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u9002\u5207\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u5426\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u6240\u5c5e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9274\u8bc1\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u4ecd\u662f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u6b7b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4f20\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u5ef6\u7ee7\u4e43\u4ed7\u8d56\u65bc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u90fd\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4eba\u751a\u6216\u98a0\u8986\u8005\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5904\u5883\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6309\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5c06\u4e4b\u526a\u88c1\u5174\u9769\uff0c\u53bb\u65e0\u5b58\u83c1\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u66f4\u6613\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8981\u6b63\u9762\u5730\u6279\u5224\u524d\u8f88\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u6027\u548c\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u82e5\u5e72\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u626c\u5f03\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u518d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8eab\u5904\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u8c08\u5f97\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5176\u627f\u4f20\u3001\u6279\u5224\u6216\u98a0\u8986\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u8ba4\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6279\u5224\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\uff08change\u3000within\u3000the\u3000tradition\uff09\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fee\u4e60\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u53cd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u90fd\u5fc3\u5b58\u6297\u62d2\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u53ea\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u9ad8\u4e3e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u5982\uff07\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8c2c\u8bef\uff07\u3000\u7b49\u5e76\u975e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u7236\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u8981\u8d2c\u4f4e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bae\u9898\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u65e0\u4e8b\u751f\u975e\u3001\u81ea\u8bf4\u81ea\u8bdd\u3002\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u6cbe\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8fb9\uff1b\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u53c8\u5728\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6063\u610f\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u6211\u5f97\u90d1\u91cd\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e5f\u8bb8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u66fe\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6000\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u79c9\u627f\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6e90\u8fdc\u6d41\u957f\u3001\u4e0e\u591a\u6570\u521d\u671f\u6559\u7236\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8005\u878d\u5408\u65e0\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5f8c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u624d\u771f\u4e2a\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4ea6\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff07\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u4e49\uff07\uff08\u3000Evangelical\u3000Ecumenism\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u53cd\u4f20\u7edf\u53cd\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u8868\u8d5e\u540c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e86\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u63a5\u4e0a\u5934\uff0c\u800c\u89c6\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u9875\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5c0f\u63d2\u66f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u590d\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u53cd\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c06\u4f7f\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d8\u5f97\u6d45\u8584\u65e0\u6839\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u9762\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5404\u6837\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u9664\u4e86\u8fce\u63a5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u9635\u8425\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u9762\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u5206\u5316\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5d07\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\uff08\u7075\u6069\u5316\u6291\u6216\u793c\u4eea\u5316\uff09\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u6cdb\u516c\u7406\u5236\u6291\u6216\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5316\uff09\u3001\u5c5e\u7075\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u7075\u6069\u6d3e\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7075\u4fee\u4f20\u7edf\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u5df2\u6e10\u8d8b\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u627f\u4f20\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u4e0d\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u5916\u8bb8\u591a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u8f83\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u66f4\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u5728\u62a4\u6559\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u859b\u534e\uff08Francis\u3000Schaeffer\uff0c1912\uff0d1984\uff09\u3001\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u5efa\u6811\u826f\u591a\u7684\u5361\u5c14\u4ea8\u5229\uff08Carl\u3000F\uff0eH\uff0eHenry\uff0c1913\uff0d\uff09\u3001\u5728\u5e03\u9053\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6c38\u5782\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u845b\u57f9\u7406\uff08Billy\u3000Graham\/William\u3000F\uff0eGraham\uff0c\u30001918\uff0d\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u6311\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u65bc\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6d3e\u3001\u6709\u9c9c\u660e\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269\uff1a\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u65e2\u8981\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u8457\u8ff0\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5728\u666e\u4e16\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u53f8\u6c0f\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e24\u8005\u5947\u5999\u5730\u914d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7b49\u8eab\uff0c\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u5acc\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u4e16\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u8457\u4f5c\u5bf9\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u662f\u6d1b\u6851\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e3a\u6d1b\u6851\u4fe1\u7ea6\u8d77\u8349\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u63a8\u52a8\u8bb8\u591a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u65e0\u4eba\u7f6e\u7591\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u522b\u5904\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5177\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5173\u6000\u60c5\u64cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7edd\u65bc\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53f8\u6c0f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bf8\u7075\u5802\uff08All\u3000Souls\u3000Church\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u5f53\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u8bb8\u591a\u9887\u5177\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6000\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u6977\u6a21\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u8bfe\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4eba\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000II\uff0e\u53f8\u5f92\u533e\u751f\u5e73\u7b80\u4ecb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5bb6\u4e16\u4e0e\u6c42\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u65bc1921\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u963f\u8bfa\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000Arnold\u3000Stott\uff09\u4e3a\u6709\u540d\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5d07\u5c1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff1b\u4f46\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5374\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u6545\u81ea\u5c0f\u628a\u53f8\u6c0f\u5e26\u4e0a\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5341\u4e94\u5c81\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u5f00\u59cb\u6bd4\u8f83\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u601d\u8003\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7eb3\u897f\u7267\u5e08\uff08Eric\u3000J\uff0eH\uff0e\u3000Nash\uff09\u6240\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u732e\u8eab\u4e8b\u4e3b\u3002\u7eb3\u897f\u5bf9\u53f8\u6c0f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u81f3\u5c11\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5199\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u53d7\u7eb3\u897f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e0d\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e13\u5fc3\u4e8b\u5949\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u953a\u9a6c\u7530\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e8c\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u949f\u9a6c\u7530\u575a\u6301\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8981\u8131\u79bb\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u800c\u53f8\u6c0f\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u7559\u5728\u539f\u6765\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b97\u6d3e\u5373\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u76d0\u4f5c\u5149\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8ffd\u968f\u953a\u9a6c\u7530\u8131\u79bb\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4ec5\u5c5e\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u9980\u5927\u90fd\u5728\u53f8\u6c0f\u7b49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u5b97\u6d3e\u91cc\u3002\u8131\u79bb\u539f\u6765\u5b97\u6d3e\u53e6\u8d77\u7089\u7076\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u72ec\u7acb\u798f\u97f3\u6559\u4f1a\u56e2\u5951\uff07\uff08Fellowship\u3000of\u3000Independent\u3000EvangelicalChurches\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u9635\u8425\u91cc\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u859b\u534e\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fbf\u8ffd\u968f\u6885\u81fb\uff08Grcsham\u3000Machen\uff0c1881\uff0d1937\uff09\u79bb\u5f00\u7f8e\u56fd\u5317\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff08Northern\u3000Presbyterian\u3000Church\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u7ec4\u5723\u7ecf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff08Bible\u3000Presbyterian\u3000Church\uff09\u3002\u859b\u534e\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b03\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6d01\u51c0\u5730\u4e0a\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6d3e\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u503e\u5411\u5206\u88c2\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7559\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u91cc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u57281932\u53ca1947\u5e74\uff0c\u7eaf\u6b63\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff08The\u3000General\u3000Association\u3000ofRegular\u3000Baptists\uff09\u548c\u6d78\u4fe1\u5ba3\u9053\u4f1a\uff08The\u3000Conservative\u3000Baptists\uff09\u4fbf\u5148\u5f8c\u4ece\u53d7\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7f8e\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff08American\u3000BaptistConvention\uff09\u5206\u88c2\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6ce8\u91cd\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u6000\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u4ece\u539f\u5c5e\u6559\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7559\u5728\u539f\u6765\u6559\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53f8\u6c0f\u53ca\u5df4\u523b\uff08Jamesl\uff0ePacker\uff0c\u30001926\uff0d\uff09\u7b49\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u529b\u56fe\u7559\u5728\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u5e76\u6539\u9020\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff0c1967\u5e74\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u7406\uff08Keele\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\u5341\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\uff07\u5168\u82f1\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5927\u4f1a\uff07\uff08National\u3000Evangelical\u3000Anglican\u3000Congress\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\uff07\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff07\u3000\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6d3e\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5b9e\u8df5\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u62ef\u6551\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u4f59\u4ea6\u6539\u9020\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e00\u6b21\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79c9\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u9053\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5403\u529b\u800c\u4e0d\u8ba8\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u906d\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u53ca\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5939\u51fb\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5728\u4f55\u8c13\u4e2d\u9053\uff08\u751a\u9ebd\u5f97\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u751a\u4e48\u80fd\u59a5\u534f\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u62ff\u634f\u5f97\u51c6\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5df4\u523b\u88ab\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u59d4\u4efb\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u56e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281970\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u671d\u5411\u8054\u5408\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff08\u3000Growing\u3000into\u3000Union\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff1b\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5df4\u523b\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u5df2\u4f5c\u51fa\u592a\u591a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u9a71\u9010\u5df4\u523b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53c2\u52a0\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08The\u3000PuritanConference\uff09\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u5df4\u523b\u5728\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6559\u4e49\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08England\u3000Doctrinemission\uff09\u3000\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u63a5\u8fde\u540c\u610f\u8bb8\u591a\u8fdd\u53cd\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u66f4\u62db\u6765\u591a\u756a\u7684\u8d23\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8981\u6539\u9020\u6df7\u5408\u6559\u4f1a\uff08mixedchurches\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u57281973\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u300b\uff08Knowing\u3000God\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e89\u56de\u4e0d\u5c11\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89c1\u5bb9\u65bc\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u30021978\u5e74\u5df4\u523b\u51b3\u5b9a\u524d\u8d74\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ef4\u771f\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u4e66\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u975e\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53f8\u6c0f\u7531\u65bc\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u5165\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6545\u5904\u5883\u8f83\u5df4\u523b\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u672a\u66fe\u5f15\u8d77\u592a\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000F\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u798f\u97f3\u5e03\u9053\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000G\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6000\u3002<br 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\/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u6c0f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u80af\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u7136\u5141\u8bb8\u5723\u7ecf\u4f5c\u8005\u56e0\u5e94\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u5408\u5b9c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u542f\u793a\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u62bd\u79bb\u4ed6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5904\u5883\u800c\u4e86\u89e3\u771f\u7406\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u6c0f\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u4faf\u58eb\u6559\uff08James\u3000Houston\uff09\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u534f\u52a9\u521b\u529e\u7ef4\u771f\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5230\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u4e3b\u6301\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff1b\u5728\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u57281974\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5373\u4e0d\u65ad\u9080\u8bf7\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u6bcf\u5e74\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bfe\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u5728\u8bf8\u7075\u5802\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281982\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u4f26\u6566\u5f53\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff07\uff08London\u3000Institute\u3000for\u3000Contemporary\u3000Christianlty\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u9664\u4e3b\u6301\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u4e66\u7c4d\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08Issue\u3000Facing\u3000Christians\u3000Today\uff09\uff1b1992\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\uff08\u5f53\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u300b\uff08\u3000The\u3000Contemporafy\u3000Christians\uff09\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7f16\u8fc7\u4e24\u672c\u5173\u65bc\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e66\uff1a\u300a\u798f\u97f3\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff08\u3000Gospel\u3000and\u3000Culture\uff09\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6d1b\u6851\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bba\u8ff0\uff09\u548c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Down\u3000to\u3000Earth\uff1aStudies\u3000in\u3000Christianity\u3000and\u3000Culture\uff09\u3000\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u662f\u5802\u4f1a\u7267\u8005\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff08churchman\uff09\u3001\u8001\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5947\u5999\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u91cd\u7d20\u8d28\u6db5\u62ec\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u798f\u97f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u76f8\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u582a\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bf4\u8fc7\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e14\u5c31\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u73b0\u51b5\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d7\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08The\u3000Enlightenment\uff09\u6240\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u91cd\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u9002\u5207\u7279\u522b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Naturalism\uff09\u53ca\u4eba\u672c\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Anthropocentrism\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4eba\u672c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u795f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u548c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u95f4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u5802\u548c\u5730\u72f1\u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ea6\u5bf9\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u9b54\u9b3c\uff09\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u4f53\u4f1a\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u95f4\u4e16\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u8005\u91c7\u53d6\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08PositiVism\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u5185\u5bb9\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cbb\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5c31\u53ef\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u4f5c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u5207\u795e\u5b66\u6216\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u4e88\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u53ef\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u62b5\u5168\u76d8\u63a5\u53d7\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u795e\u8ff9\u5947\u4e8b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u56e0\u65e0\u77e5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u504f\u4fe1\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u6392\u9664\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4e49\u4e2d\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u6574\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5723\u7ecf\u8bba\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u4e43\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u800c\u975e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5176\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5012\u975e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u53e4\u5178\u4e66\u7c4d\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u5178\u7c4d\u9274\u8bc6\u8003\u636e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6765\u8fd8\u539f\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u542b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d85\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\u662f\u6700\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b81\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u72ec\u795e\u8bba\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u9875289\uff0d290\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u5173\u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5316\u53cd\u6620\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6545\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u5176\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u518d\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6216\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u611f\u60c5\u8fc7\u65bc\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7231\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7231\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7231\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\uff08objectified\uff09\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u5316\uff08personified\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u7231\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u793a\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b66\uff08natural\u3000theology\uff09\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u8bba\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u4eba\u6301\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5815\u843d\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u6216\u503e\u5411\uff08\u5982\u539f\u7f6a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u77e5\u6216\u53d7\u8499\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f8c\u5929\u800c\u975e\u5148\u5929\u3001\u5076\u7136\u800c\u975e\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5145\u5206\u5177\u5907\u4e3a\u5584\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u5f85\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u548c\u57f9\u517b\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u5e76\u975e\u4f9d\u9760\u4ee3\u8d4e\u4e0e\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u542f\u8499\u4e0e\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u4f55\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u80fd\u52c9\u529b\u81ea\u884c\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u9a6c\u58eb\u4e39\uff08G\uff0eMarsden\uff09\u5219\u4ece\u795e\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u627f\u4f20\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff1b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u594b\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u6ce8\u91cd\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u6a21\u9020\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u6301\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u53d7\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08Scottish\u3000monSense\u3000Realism\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u4f11\u8c1f\uff08David\u3000Hume\uff0c1711\uff0dl776\uff09\u4e0e\u6d1b\u514b\uff08John\u3000Locke\uff09\u7b49\u6392\u65a5\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d85\u4e4e\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ca\u6240\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u53d7\u5723\u6d01\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u57fa\u65af\u5a01\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08British\u3000Kerswick\u3000Holiness\u3000Movement\uff09\uff3d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u548c\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u7075\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Modernism\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u65e2\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4ea6\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4e49\u76f8\u7f9d\u89e6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u5e94\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e0\u8457\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u9ad8\u7b49\u6279\u5224\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d7\u5230\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u574a\u95f4\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u65e0\u89c1\u5730\u7684\u3002\u60df\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u614e\u7eba\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6cdb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6487\u5f00\u4fe1\u4ef0\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6000\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b32\u4fdd\u62a4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u514d\u53d7\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u5386\u53f2\u7f18\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001910\u81f31915\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u5341\u4e8c\u518c\u5c0f\u4e66\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u57fa\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u300b\uff08\u3000The\u3000Fundamentals\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u653e\u5f03\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u795e\u5b66\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u653e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u8ba2\u51fa\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f03\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5bcc\u5546\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u300b\u4e00\u5171\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u4e07\u518c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u8457\u8fd9\u5957\u5c0f\u753b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c1918\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\uff08TheFundamentals\uff09\u6210\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\u81ea\u79f0\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u56e2\u5951\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u524d\u6240\u4e91\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u795e\u5b66\uff3bDispensational\u3000Theology\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f9d\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u5212\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u5f7c\u6b64\u5272\u65ad\u7684\uff07\u65f6\u4ee3\uff07\u3000\uff08Dispen         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u3000\u30003\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u524d\u6240\u4e91\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u795e\u5b66\uff3bDispensational\u3000Theology\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f9d\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u5212\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u5f7c\u6b64\u5272\u65ad\u7684\uff07\u65f6\u4ee3\uff07\u3000\uff08Dispensation\uff09\uff3d\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e7\u6d3e\uff08Old\u3000School\u3000Calvinists\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5b66\u6d3e\u30021892\u5e74\uff0c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\uff08The\u3000Presbyterian\u3000\u3000GeneralAssembly\uff09\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5b66\u9662\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u9769\u9664\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b64\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff1b1910\u5e74\uff0c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8349\u62df\u4e86\u4e94\u70b9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u4fe1\u5b88\u3002\u8fd9\u4e94\u70b9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u8981\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u8981\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u7edd\u65e0\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u7ecf\u542b\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5ba3\u79f0\u6574\u90e8\u5723\u7ecf\u90fd\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7531\u7ae5\u5973\u6240\u751f\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u8d4e\u7f6a\u4ee3\u6b7b\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4ee3\u66ff\u6027\u8d4e\u7f6a\uff08Substitutionary\u3000atonement\uff09\u4e0e\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u88ab\u9489\u53d7\u6b7b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u6545\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u4ed6\u53ea\u4e3a\u4eba\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u820d\u8eab\u6210\u4ec1\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6094\u6539\u5f52\u4fe1\u2014\u2014\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u79c9\u6301\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u4e3a\u534e\u8d1e\u5973\u6240\u751f\u662f\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u4e5f\u662f\u795e\u8ff9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u884c\u795e\u8ff9\u3002\u786e\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u7406\u4e00\u5207\u795e\u8ff9\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u8005\uff08Dispensationalists\uff09\u57281895\u5e74\u5c3c\u4e9a\u52a0\u62c9\u57f9\u7075\u4f1a\uff08Niagara\u3000Conference\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e94\u70b9\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u60df\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e94\u70b9\u6539\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u4f1a\u5728\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5168\u7136\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u76ee\u7136\u8bb0\u8f7d\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u65e0\u4f2a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\uff1b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u56e0\u88ab\u57fa\u7763\u611f\u52a8\u800c\u81ea\u884c\u53bb\u6076\u8fc1\u5584\uff0c\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u8d56\u4ee5\u81ea\u6551\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u85c9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u66ff\u6b7b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u8457\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\uff0e\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u65e0\u4e00\u5957\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u95ee\u4e3a\u751a\u4e48\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e94\u70b9\u624d\u662f\u82b8\u82b8\u4f17\u6559\u4e49\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e94\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u660e\u663e\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u654c\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e3e\u62e5\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u516c\u5141\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e94\u70b9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u624d\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bba\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\uff07\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u5168\u7136\u6148\u7231\uff0c\u6545\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u5f8c\u5ba1\u5224\u548c\u6c38\u5211\uff07\uff1b\u3000\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6cdb\u5730\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u7236\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u62dc\u57fa\u7763\u6291\u6216\u62dc\u6492\u4f46\uff09\u90fd\u4e3a\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u666e\u6551\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u666e\u6551\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4ed6\u7684\u6148\u7231\u800c\u63a5\u7eb3\u6240\u6709\u65e0\u8bba\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4fe1\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u638c\u7ba1\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\uff0c\u6545\u90fd\u8499\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u8bba\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u4eba\u6027\u770b\u5f97\u8fc7\u5206\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u672c\u6709\u5584\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7686\u4e3a\u795e\u5b50\uff08divine\u3000sonship\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d25\u574f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u6551\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u4ee3\u8d4e\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e\u65e0\u5173\u7684\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u4ece\u80af\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7075\u9b42\u5f97\u6551\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5173\u5fc3\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u628a\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u770b\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u699c\u6837\u53ca\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ee3\u8d4e\u8005\u548c\u62ef\u6551\u8005\u3002\u672c\u8bfe\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u53f8\u5f92\u5fb7\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u5341\u67b6\u300b\u91cc\u6240\u8981\u7533\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5ba3\u6559\u89c2\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8d2c\u4e3a\u82b8\u82b8\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u6301\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6216\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u798f\u97f3\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6c38\u751f\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u6c38\u5211\uff1b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u4e16\u6700\u5927\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\u662f\u5411\u4eba\u5ba3\u8bb2\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u5931\u4e27\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5723\u7ecf\u8bba\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u6781\u5176\u5c0a\u5d07\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u4e4b\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5178\u7c4d\u4e00\u822c\uff1b\u5374\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u65e2\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u90a3\u8bfb\u7ecf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4fbf\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5a01\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5404\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u65bc\u524d\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u4fbf\u9002\u5408\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6027\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u79c9\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u542f\u793a\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5411\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7ecf\u8bb0\u5f55\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u6545\u5723\u7ecf\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u542f\u793a\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u65f6\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u8d4f\u4e00\u6735\u82b1\u3001\u4e00\u7247\u6811\u53f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7075\u611f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6545\u542f\u793a\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u5723\u7ecf\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53d1\u6325\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\uff0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u6cdb\u6ee5\u6210\u707e\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u594b\u8d77\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u5176\u5fd7\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u5609\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4ed7\u3002\u5728\u5b97\u6d3e\u548c\u5802\u4f1a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u539f\u5c5e\u5b97\u6d3e\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u5360\u6709\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u6700\u5f8c\u91cd\u9547\u7684\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e5f\u544a\u5931\u5b88\uff0c1929\u5e74\uff0c\u79c9\u6301\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u6821\uff0c\u53e6\u884c\u521b\u529e\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff08WestminsterTheological\u3000Seminary\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u592a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u653e\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7686\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u548c\u6218\u6597\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u610f\u6c14\u6210\u5206\u751a\u91cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u8fd8\u672a\u66fe\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6052\u5e38\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u89c6\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e3a\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u662f\u7531\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u733f\u7334\u6f14\u53d8\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u5e76\u53cd\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u5c42\u5b66\u3001\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7b49\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u5730\u7403\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u5343\u96f6\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u77e5\u4e0e\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u7ed9\u4eba\u53d6\u7b11\u5632\u5f04\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u91c7\u53d6\u6d88\u6781\u9632\u8303\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u653e\u5f03\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ea6\u7b49\u65bc\u81ea\u7edd\u516c\u5f00\u89c1\u8bc1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u56e0\u4e4b\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u60b2\u5267\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u6253\u8457\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6df7\u8ff9\u6c5f\u6e56\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u62db\u6447\u649e\u9a97\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u53cd\u667a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u6765\u63a9\u76d6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6d45\u8584\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u7528\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u594b\u5174\u6280\u5de7\u6765\u9f13\u52a8\u4fe1\u4f17\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u7981\u6b62\u4fe1\u5f92\u8fd0\u7528\u7406\u6027\u6765\u5206\u8fa8\u5176\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fbf\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e0d\u5c11\u5c5e\u7075\u5076\u50cf\u6765\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u6ca6\u843d\u5230\u4f20\u8bb2\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u6559\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5438\u5f15\u5927\u91cf\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u5949\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4eba\u683c\u4e0a\u7ed9\u8150\u8680\u6389\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u594b\u5174\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u5c06\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u6559\u4f1a\u4e11\u95fb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u88ab\u63ed\u53d1\u5728\u79c1\u5fb7\u4e0a\u72af\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u594b\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136\u6ca6\u843d\u4e3a\u795e\u68cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u77e5\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u82e5\u662f\u4e0d\u5e26\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u6279\u8bc4\u6559\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5ffd\u7565\u7075\u6027\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u53cd\u667a\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u62c6\u6bc1\u6559\u4f1a\u8d56\u4ee5\u9632\u8303\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u5374\u4f2a\u88c5\u6709\u7075\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u9738\u5360\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u5c01\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e8b\u7aef\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u73b7\u8fb1\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u6291\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5747\u5360\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000IV\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u56db\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u6218\u5f8c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u548c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u906d\u9047\u4e00\u6bb5\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0e\u6392\u6324\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6709\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u547c\u5401\u653e\u5f03\u8fc7\u53bb\u6545\u6b65\u81ea\u5c01\u3001\u5212\u5730\u4e3a\u7262\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u57fa\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u8fdb\u516c\u4f17\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5df2\u5e26\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\uff07\u65b0\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\uff07\uff08New\u3000Evangelicals\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u606a\u5b88\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5c0a\u5d07\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff1a\u4f46\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u4e89\u53d6\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u6000\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u52a0\u5f3a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8054\u5408\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001940\u5e74\uff0c\uff07\u5168\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u534f\u4f1a\uff07\u3000\uff08Nantional\u3000Association\u3000ofEvangelicals\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8054\u5408\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u7edc\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u520a\u7269\u300a\u8054\u5408\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u884c\u52a8\u300b\uff08UnitedEvangelical\u3000Action\uff09\u5927\u62b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u4ea8\u5229\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001949\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6210\u7acb\uff07\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\uff07\uff08\u3000Evangelical\u3000Theological\u3000Society\uff09\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u4f5c\u51fa\u5efa\u6811\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5802\u4f1a\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u4f4e\u6559\u6d3e\u3002\u53f8\u6c0f\u3001\u5df4\u523b\u3001\u57fa\u8fde\uff08MichaelGreen\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000B\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u627f\u4f20\u81ea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u53cd\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u6267\u8457\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u51e0\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ca\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u5145\u5206\u6027\uff1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u786e\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u53ca\u5176\u5168\u5907\u6027\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5145\u8db3\u800c\u5168\u5907\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u6545\u6bcb\u987b\u53e6\u627e\u542f\u793a\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff08\u5386\u53f2\uff09\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u503c\u5f97\u53c2\u8003\u501f\u9274\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u63d0\u5347\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5982\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u822c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u51fa\u751a\u9ebd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u575a\u6301\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5374\u5c06\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5730\u4f4d\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u575a\u6301\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4ee3\u8d4e\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5f3a\u8c03\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u72ec\u6301\u6027\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5404\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4f5b\u9640\u3001\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u3001\u5b54\u5b50\u7b49\u5c5e\u65bc\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e8\u5728\u5bfc\u4eba\u5411\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5411\u5584\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u62ef\u6551\uff0c\u9664\u5b83\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u522b\u65e0\u6551\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5f88\u9738\u9053\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e0a\u662f\u5e08\u627f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Neo\uff0dOrthodoxy\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5426\u5b9a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4eba\u76f2\u76ee\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u4ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\uff08transcendence\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e2a\u4eba\u6094\u6539\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6027\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u6d1e\u6089\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u8981\u6539\u9020\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u62c6\u6bc1\u4eba\u4ece\u524d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u4fc3\u6210\u4e00\u573a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5173\u4e4e\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eb2\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91cd\u89c6\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5316\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5316\u3002\u6709\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u3000Stanley\u3000Grenz\uff0c\u7ef4\u771f\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u624d\u662f\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e49\u5462\uff01\u82e5\u770b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u8bb2\u575b\u6240\u4f20\u8bb2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<br 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       <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u613f\uff32\u895e\u7f2e\u77f8\u503c\u5a1c\u8d24\ue0be\ue0f0\ue433\u4e54\u61ca\u5ae3\u5cac\u964d\u6bcd\uff32\u895e\u5584\u5e10\u4e50\u9955\u6fc9?br \/&gt;\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u7406\uff1a\u56e0\u8457\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8de8\u5b97\u6d3e\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u81ea\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5b66\u751f\u798f\u97f3\u56e2\u5951\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u53ca\u5802\u4f1a\u4e2d\u805a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4fe1\u5f92\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u53e6\u8d77\u7089\u7076\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u6545\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u9ebd\u5b97\u6d3e\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6807\u699c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5802\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4e0e\u5173\u5fc3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u7834\u5802\u4f1a\u7684\u85e9\u7bf1\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u798f\u97f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cc\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u798f\u97f3\u673a\u6784\u63a8\u52a8\uff1b\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u7edc\u6216\u4e8b\u5de5\u673a\u6784\u4ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8c0b\u6c42\u8de8\u5b97\u6d3e\u6216\u8d85\u5b97\u6d3e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u597d\u4e9b\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4e0e\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5728\u5c0a\u91cd\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u5723\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u56de\u907f\u5723\u7ecf\u6279\u5224\u5b66\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6307\u51fa\u5723\u7ecf\u6279\u5224\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5176\u524d\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u5176\u5ba3\u79f0\u822c\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5426\u5b9a\u5723\u7ecf\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u5947\u4e8b\u4e3a\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eec\u51ed\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u795e\u8ff9\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u524d\u8bbe\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u6392\u9664\u51fa\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u5176\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5427\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u6279\u5224\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u540c\u4e00\u5377\u4e66\u6709\u4e24\u6bb5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5168\u8c10\u5408\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5938\u5927\u8fd9\u4e24\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5404\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u6b63\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5723\u7ecf\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6742\u70e9\uff0c\u6545\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5377\u5723\u7ecf\u90fd\u6709\u5341\u6765\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5b66\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6587\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6279\u5224\u6709\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u524d\u8bbe\u751a\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5bf9\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u8f83\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u8bbe\u95e8\u5899\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u771f\u7406\u662f\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u8003\u6838\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u8be5\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4ecd\u53ea\u662f\u8fa9\u8bba\u8005\u800c\u975e\u771f\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u5c06\u7b56\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5173\u8d77\u95e8\u6765\u81ea\u8bf4\u81ea\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u5408\u5b9c\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u9000\u3001\u81ea\u884c\u5f03\u68b0\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u66f4\u662f\u8981\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u8fd1\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5177\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u6216\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7cfb\uff09\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5bf9\u522b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fdc\u8f83\u522b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e3a\u591a\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4ea6\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5177\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u90a3\u79cd\u6297\u4e89\u6027\u4e0e\u62a4\u536b\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u6301\u5e73\u5730\u68c0\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u53d6\u957f\u8865\u77ed\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u6301\u8f83\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u5929\u56fd\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4fbf\u7b49\u65bc\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u5f70\u663e\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u540c\u610f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u9886\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u63a8\u5378\u4e0d\u6389\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5efa\u8bbe\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\uff09\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e0a\u6709\u9887\u591a\u8d21\u732e\uff1b\u60df\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u82e6\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565\u5398\u8ba2\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u5177\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u7a81\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5bcc\u52d2\uff08Charles\u3000B\uff0eFuller\uff0c1887\uff0d1968\uff09\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7535\u53f0\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u53d8\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u58eb\u5bf9\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5bcc\u52d2\u795e\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9662\uff08Fuller\u3000Theological\u3000Seminary\uff1b\u30001947\uff09\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u6240\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u627f\u62c5\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u8303\u548c\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u845b\u57f9\u7406\uff08Billy\u3000Graham\uff1b\u30001918\uff0d\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8272\u5e03\u9053\u5bb6\u3000\u30021948\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff07\u845b\u57f9\u7406\u5e03\u9053\u56e2\uff07\uff08Billy\u3000Grabam\u3000EvangelisticAssociation\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\u5728\u7f57\u7701\u53ec\u5f00\u6016\u9053\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u6210\u540d\uff1b\u5176\u5f8c\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u6551\u4f5c\u56de\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u6781\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c1966\u5e74\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u798f\u97f3\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5361\u5c14\u4ea8\u5229\uff08CarlF\uff0eH\uff0e\u3000henry\uff0c\u3000193\uff0d\uff09\uff1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u91cd\u8981\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u65bc\u30001956\u5e74\u521b\u529e\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300b\uff08Christianiry\u3000Today\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5589\u820c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6297\u8861\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u4e24\u4efd\u520a\u7269\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b\uff08TheChristian\u3000Century\uff09\u548c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u5371\u673a\u300b\uff08Christianity\u3000andCrisis\uff09\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u4ea8\u5229\u4e5f\u662f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u798f\u97f3\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u751a\u4e30\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u300a\u795e\u3001\u542f\u793a\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u300b\uff08\u3000God\uff0c\u3000Revelation\u3000andAUthority\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000D\uff0e\u8054\u5408\u6027\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u67cf\u6797\u798f\u97f3\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1a1966\uff0c\u5728\u845b\u57f9\u7406\u53ca\u5361\u5c14\u4ea8\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u56fd\u9645\u5ba3\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u4e3a\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u798f\u97f3\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u547d\u300d\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u91cd\u7533\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u804c\u4e8b\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u7eb7\u7eb7\u53ec\u5f00\u5730\u533a\u6027\u5ba3\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff081968\uff09\u3001\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u91cc\u65af\uff08Minneapolis\uff09\u548c\u6ce2\u54e5\u5927\uff081969\uff09\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\uff081971\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ea6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e861974\u5e74\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u53ec\u5f00\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u65bc\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u65bc\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u53ef\u8c13\u60ca\u4eba\u3002\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u5192\u8d77\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e5f\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u81ea\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u5df2\u81ea\u89c9\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u62a4\u536b\u6027\u3001\u6218\u6597\u6027\u7684\u773c\u5149\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u8457\u4e00\u9897\u6218\u5162\u7684\u5fc3\u63a2\u95ee\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u8be5\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u8bdd\u8981\u8bf4\u5462\uff1f\u4ece\u6d1b\u6851\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c26\u5351\u656c\u60e7\u3001\u4f46\u53c8\u52c7\u65bc\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u8f83\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u8bb8\u89c9\u5f97\u4f1a\u8bae\u4f5c\u98ce\u4ecd\u8fc7\u65bc\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f8c\u6210\u7acb\u8ddf\u8fdb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u518d\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u7b56\u7565\u53d1\u5c55\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff07\uff08\u3000The\u3000Strategy\u3000Working\u3000Group\uff09\u548c\u300c\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5c0f\u7ec4\u300d\u3014\u3000TheLausanne\u3000Theology\u3000and\u3000Education\u3000Group\uff0c\u5f8c\u79f0\u795e\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08Theology\u3000Working\u3000Group\uff09\uff3d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u5411\u672a\u5f97\u4e4b\u6c11\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5219\u4e3b\u529b\u63a2\u8ba8\u795e\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e13\u9898\u62a5\u544a\uff1aLausanneOccasional\u3000Paper\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\uff0c\u8ddf\u8fdb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u591a\u6b21\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u8c18\u8be2\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u30001978\u5e74\u5728\u767e\u6155\u8fbe\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\uff07\u798f\u97f3\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\uff07\u3000\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c1980\u5e74\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\uff07\u7b80\u6734\u751f\u6d3b\uff07\u3000\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u7a81\u7834\u673a\u6784\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u63a8\u52a8\u8fc7\u7b80\u6734\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f5c\u56de\u5e94\u30021980\u5e74\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u5df4\u63d0\u96c5\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u798f\u97f3\u7b56\u7565\u95ee\u9898\u30021989\u5e74\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u53ec\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6d1b\u6851\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e09\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u672c\u571f\u7684\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u6709\u56db\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u4eba\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u300c\u8ba9\u5168\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u6574\u5168\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u7ed9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\uff08Calling\u3000the\u3000whole\u3000Church\uff0cto\u3000takethe\u3000whole\u3000Gospel\uff0c\u3000to\u3000the\u3000whole\u3000World\uff09\u3002\u534e\u798f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u662f\u6d1b\u6851\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000E\uff0e\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4e8b\u5de5\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6709\u826f\u597d\u6210\u679c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7ea6\u6709\u4e03\u6210\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u8ff0\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u9635\u8425\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u6709\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u66f4\u5360\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u867d\u7136\u5728\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6b27\u9646\u6559\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u6559\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u5f3a\u8feb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751a\u96be\u53d1\u6325\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u6545\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u751a\u9ebd\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6559\u4f1a\u91cd\u5f00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u9886\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u5916\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u57fa\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000Cross\uff0cF\u3002L\u3002\u3000ed\uff0eThe\u3000Oxford\u3000Dictionary\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Christian\u3000Church\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Revised\u3000Edition\uff0eOxford\u3000University\u3000Press\uff0c1990\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Douglas\uff0cJ\u3002D\uff0eed\uff0eThe\u3000New\u3000International\u3000Dictionary\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Christian\u3000Church\uff0eRevised\u3000Edition\uff0eGrand\u3000Rapids\uff1aZondervan\uff0c1978\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C\uff0e\u5730\u56fe<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Anderson\uff0cCharles\u3000S\uff0eAugsburg\u3000Historical\u3000Atlas\u3000of\u3000Christianity\u3000in\u3000the\u3000Middle\u3000Ages\u3000and\u3000Reformation\uff0eMinneapolis\uff1aAugsburg<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000PublishingHouse\uff0c1967\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Chadwick\uff0cHenry\u3000and\u3000G\uff0eR\uff0eEvans\uff0ceds\uff0eAtlas\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Christian\u3000Church\uff0eOxford\uff1aEquinox\u3000Ltd\u3002\uff0c1987\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000Clebsch\uff0cWilliam\u3000A\u3002\u3000Christianity\u3000in\u3000European\u3000History\uff0eNewYork\uff1aOxford\u3000University\u3000Press\uff0c1979\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Johnson\uff0cPaul\u3002\u3000A\u3000History\u3000of\u3000Christianity\uff0eNewYork\uff1aAtheneum\uff0c1980\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Latourette\uff0cKenneth\u3000Scott\uff0eChristianity\u3000through\u3000the\u3000Ages\uff0eNewYork\uff1aHarper\uff06Row\uff0c1965\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u2014\u2014\u3002\u3000A\u3000History\u3000of\u3000Christianity\uff0c2Vols\uff0eLondon\uff1aHarper&amp;Row\uff0c1975\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0eBeginnings\u3000to\u30001500<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\uff0eReformation\u3000to\u3000the\u3000Present<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000The\u3000Pelican\u3000History\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Church\uff0c7Vols\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\uff0eChadwick\uff0cHenry\uff0eThe\u3000Early\u3000Church\uff0ePenguin\u3000Books\uff0c1967\uff0e<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000McKim\uff0cDonald\u3000K\uff0eTheological\u3000Turning\u3000Poits\u3002\u3000Atlanta\uff1aJohn\u3000Knox\u3000Press\uff0e1973\uff0e<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000III\uff0e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000A\uff0e\u5386\u53f2<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6c88\u4ecb\u5c71\uff1a\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\u300b\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6a44\u6984\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c1984\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f90\u6000\u542f\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8303\u660e\u751f\uff1a\u300a\u665a\u671f\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u4e00\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c47\u5408\u300b\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\u3002<br 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