\n\u3000<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u201d\uff1f\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000macro\u2026history\u8fd9\u540d\u8bcd\u523b\u4e0b\u770b\u6765\u7531\u6211\u521b\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u524d\u4eba\u7528\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u6055\u6211\u67e5\u8bbf\u672a\u5468\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6b64\u95f4\u4e4b\u51fa\u5904\u4e0e\u662f\u975e\u5df2\u65e0\u5173\u5b8f\u65e8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u540d\u8bcd\u7eb5\u662f\u65b0\u9896\uff0c\u5df2\u4e4f\u521b\u610f\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u8d27\u5e01\u4e4b\u6d41\u901a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u96c7\u4f63\u4e4b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u7edf\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u2018\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\uff08macroeconomics\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5185\u90e8\u8f83\u7cbe\u5bc6\u4e4b\u89c2\u5bdf\u6709\u5982\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u4ef7\u6307\u6570\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u671f\u7b49\u8be6\u60c5\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5fae\u89c6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\uff08microeconomics\uff09\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u4ea6\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u4eba\u51fa\u9762\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u59cb\u4f5c\u4f63\u8005\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8fc7\u653e\u5bbd\u89c6\u754c\u4e0e\u8ba1\u53ca\u7cbe\u5fae\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6539\u79f0\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8f6c\u7528\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u663e\u7cfb\u6a21\u4eff\u800c\u975e\u53d1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u5b8f\u89c2\u53ca\u653e\u5bbd\u89c6\u91ce\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bfc\u5f15\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u5012\u786e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u957f\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5468\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u51fa\u81ea\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u6211\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u4ece\u519b10\u5e74\u3002\u89e3\u7532\u9000\u4f0d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d1f\u7b08\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u201c\u5b66\u4e66\u672a\u6210\u5148\u4e60\u5251\uff0c\u7528\u5251\u65e0\u529f\u518d\u8bfb\u4e66\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6bb5\u98a0\u7c38\u4e4b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u5c1a\u5728\u61a7\u61ac\u4e8e\u8fd1\u8eab\u6240\u89c1\u95fb\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e4b\u771f\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u6388\u6709\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6df1\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6717\u8bf5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u6bcf\u6b21\u590d\u4e60\u4e0e\u8003\u8bd5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u626a\u5fc3\u81ea\u95ee\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u5979\u4eec\u987b\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e95\u7530\u5236\u5ea6\u5230\u4f55\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e5\u540e\u7acb\u8eab\u5904\u4e16\u6709\u4f55\u7528\u573a\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u5979\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u4e0eHanFeiTzu\uff08\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\uff09\u540c\u53d7\u4e1a\u8005\u6709LiSsu\uff08\u674e\u65af\uff09\u5176\u4eba\uff1b\u4ed6\u66fe\u9f13\u52b1Shih\u2026huang\u2026ti\uff08\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\uff09\u711a\u4e66\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u4e3a\u5ba6\u5b98ChaoKao\uff08\u8d75\u9ad8\uff09\u6240\u6784\u6740\uff1fEmpressWu\uff08\u5973\u7687\u6b66\u5219\u5929\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u79fd\u4e71\u6625\u5bab\u201d\uff1f\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8bb2\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u5979\u4e0e\u6c99\u4fc4\u7684CatherinetheGreat\uff08\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u4e8c\u4e16\uff09\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b\u6216\u4e0e\u6e05\u671d\u7684EmpressDowager\uff08\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\uff09\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c1a\u6709\u4f55\u5b9e\u7528\u4e4b\u5904\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u65e0\u4ece\u5c06\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u51e1\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u65f6\u4e00\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u897f\u65b9\u5904\u5904\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u8bb2\u5230\u5348\u524d\u4e4b\u7528\u573a\u4e0e\u9ec4\u660f\u4e4b\u7528\u5904\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u5e94\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u66f4\u611f\u5230\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5148\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u660e\u800c\u524d\u540e\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\uff0c\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u53f2\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u6709\u4e86\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u624d\u8c08\u5f97\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ea6\u590d\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3001\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4ea6\u65e0\u975e\u51fa\u81ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u7231\u618e\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u53c8\u5927\u90fd\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u683c\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u540e\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u51fa\u5904\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u4ee5\u672c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6069\u6028\u5f53\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30001970\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u7814\u7a76\u8d39\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u9ebb\u7701\u5251\u6865\u7814\u7a76\u660e\u4ee3\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u53d7\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7763\u5bfc\u3002\u8d39\u6559\u6388\u5bf9\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6211\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5584\u610f\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\u520a\u91cc\u53d9\u53ca\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u6cbb\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u4e5f\u6709\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u878d\u6d3d\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u5f20\u7efc\u5408\uff1b\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u4ee520\u5e74\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u52a8\u8f84\u7275\u6d89\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\uff1b\u4ed6\u7528\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002\u540e\u6765\u300a\u660e\u4ee3\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u8d22\u653f\u4e0e\u7a0e\u6536\u300b\u4e66\u6210\uff0c\u672a\u4ea4\u54c8\u4f5b\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u800c\u9001\u81f3\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u4ed8\u6893\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f5c\u300a\u8d22\u653f\u4e0e\u7a0e\u6536\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7528\u660e\u4ee3\u65b9\u5fd739\u79cd\uff0c\u5185\u4e2d\u65e0\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5f53\u65e5\u5fad\u5f79\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u201c\u91cc\u7532\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5747\u5fad\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9a7f\u4f20\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6c11\u58ee\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u2014\u773c\u770b\u51fa\u5f53\u4e2d\u6beb\u65e0\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u7b97\u6742\u4e71\u4e1b\u829c\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65a5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u65e0\u80fd\uff0e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d23\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8150\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u7efc\u5408\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u89c1\u53c8\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u7a0e\u6536\u7ae0\u7a0b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u592e\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u987e\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u5b9e\u51b5\uff0c\u5185\u4e2d\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u4e34\u65f6\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u5373\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u7cfb\u56eb\u56f5\u7684\u5957\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5916\u8868\u5168\u56fd\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5f53\u4e2d\u5219\u4e07\u522b\u5e72\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5168\u671d\u4ee3\u907f\u514d\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6539\u7ec4\u800c\u80fd\u652f\u6301276\u5e74\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u5236\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d1f\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6b64\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u5404\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u7279\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u597d\u662f\u574f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u4e13\u6043\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u540e\u6211\u4f5c\u300a\u4e07\u5386\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300b\u65f6\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b98\u50da\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u4ee5\u4eea\u793c\u4ee3\u66ff\u884c\u653f\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5404\u54c1\u7ea7\u6587\u5b98\u7684\u534f\u540c\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u53ca\u5404\u533a\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u516c\u5e73\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u660e\u4ee3\u8d22\u653f\u4e0e\u7a0e\u6536\u4e4b\u5fc3\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30001972\u5e74\u6211\u53bb\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u8944\u52a9\u674e\u7ea6\u745f\u535a\u58eb\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u53f2\u300b\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u9b41\u68a7\u957f\u8005\u201d\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u53e4\u602a\u5b64\u50fb\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e5f\u786e\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e0e\u7b14\u8bb0\u5c31\u6446\u5728\u5b66\u9662\u91cc\u56db\u4e94\u5904\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5168\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u8111\u5185\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bfb\u89c5\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f85\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5c31\u8d70\uff0c\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u7684\u8349\u5730\u5411\u6765\u5c31\u7981\u4eba\u901a\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u505a\u9662\u957f\u4e4b\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u5927\u6b65\u8de8\u7ebf\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u7d27\u968f\u5728\u540e\u4e5f\u53ea\u597d\u8ddf\u7740\u72af\u89c4\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u4e5f\u6709\u2014\u4f4d\u4e66\u8bc4\u8005\u5728\u62a5\u520a\u91cc\u5199\u51fa\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bba\u6211\u5199\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5426\u8c08\u53ca\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u603b\u5728\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4f7f\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u4e00\u6bb5\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u6570\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8bb2\u5230\u4ed6\u89c1\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u606d\u7ef4\u6bdb\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5199\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\uff0c\u7adf\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u89c2\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6bdb\u7acb\u5373\u6297\u8bae\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f7f\u5317\u4eac\u4e00\u4e8c\u5341\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fb9\u90a3\u91cc\u7a0d\u5fae\u626d\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e0b\u7f62\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n
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