{"id":20784,"date":"2025-04-23T16:50:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T08:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.7colors.vip\/?p=20784"},"modified":"2025-04-23T16:50:56","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T08:50:56","slug":"mba%e5%8d%81%e6%97%a5%e8%af%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.7colors.vip\/?p=20784","title":{"rendered":"mba\u5341\u65e5\u8bfb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\n\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u65e0\u610f\u63a8\u9500\u6216\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e66\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6d3e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f
\n\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u7f57\u5217\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5546\u52a1\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\u70ed\u8877\u7684\u3001\u5360\u53bb200
\n\u591a\u9875\u7bc7\u5e45\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u539f\u7406\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u7528\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4f7f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982
\n\u5ff5\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5931\u53bb\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e9b
\n\u539f\u7406\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u6c83\u987f\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u3001\u897f\u5317\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u5217\u524d\u8305\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a
\n\u751f\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5404\u5927\u9662\u6821\u6559\u6388\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6240\u9009\u7528\u7684\u4f50\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u6837
\n\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5374\u662f\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7f8e\u56fd\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u4e4b
\n\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a9\u95e8\u8bfe\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u9662\u8d39\u5c3d\u5fc3\u601d\u5bf9\u5404\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u51a0\u4ee5\u5f88\u795e\u6c14\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u662f\uff1a
\n\u8425\u9500\uff08Marketing\uff09
\n\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\uff08Ethics\uff09
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\uff08Accounting\uff09
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Organizational\u3000Behavior\uff09\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff08Quantitative\u3000Analysis\uff09
\n\u91d1\u878d\uff08Finance\uff09
\n\u7ecf\u8425\uff08Operations\uff09
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff08Economics\uff09
\n\u6218\u7565\uff08Strategy\uff09
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u4f7f\u4e4b\u663e\u5f97\u9887\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u62ff\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709
\nMBA\u3000\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4ece\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u65b9
\n\u9762\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5546\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u4ed6\u6240\u8d1f\u8d23
\n\u7684\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u548c\u5177\u5907\u591a\u79cd\u5e94
\n\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u672c\u79d1\u5546\u4e1a\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u9a8c\u5e76\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u3000MBA
\n\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\n\u5f53\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u805a\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u786e\u6709\u7528\u3000MBA\u3000\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u4f83\u201d\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u6211\u4eec
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u8bf8\u5982NPV\uff08\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\uff09\uff0cSPC\uff08\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff09\uff0cMBO\uff08\u76ee
\n\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7f16\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u628a\u620f\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\u5f88
\n\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u62d4\u627e\u4e2a\u5e4c\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u88ab\u5413\u7740\u4e86\u3002
\nMBA\u3000\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u575a\u6301\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4e00\u6837\u601d\u8003\u3001\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff08\u82e5\u80fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f53\u7136\u66f4\u597d\uff09\u3002
\n\u6211\u5199\u6b64\u4e66\u662f\u60f3\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u51e0\u6240\u9ad8\u6821\u6b63\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6700\u91cd
\n\u8981\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5177\u5907\u3000MBA\u3000\u7684\u601d\u7ef4
\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bfb\u7f62\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e66\u540e\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0a\u586b\u4e0a\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60
\n\u7684\u5b66\u4e1a\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u9a84\u50b2\u5730\u6446\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u597d\u597d\u770b\u770b\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd1\u8005\u5e8f
\n\u300aMBA\uff0b\u65e5\u8bfb\u300b\uff08The\u3000Ten\u2026Day\u3000MBA\uff09\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u897f\u5c14\u6bd4
\n\u683c\u3000\uff08Steven\u3000Silbiger\uff09\u4f9d\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u653b\u8bfb\u3000MBA\u3000\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd
\n\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6750\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\u3001\u6bd5\u4e1a\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4f53\u4f1a
\n\u5199\u6210\u7684\u3002\u521d\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u539f\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u3001
\n\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u7f51\u683c\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457
\n\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u3000MBA\u3000\u4e3b\u8981\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e4b\u7cbe\u534e\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6982
\n\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u539f\u4e66\u73b0\u5df2\u8bd1\u6210\u30007\u3000\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec
\n\u90d1\u91cd\u5730\u5c06\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u732e\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ec0\u4e48\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e66\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u6df1\u611f\u773c\u754c
\n\u5927\u5f00\uff0c\u83b7\u76ca\u532a\u6d45\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9760\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5
\n\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u884c\u5bb6\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u907f\u514d\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u4e2d\u72af\u9047\u8822\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u6fc0\u53d1\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002
\n\u4e66\u4e2d\u5404\u7ae0\u5e76\u975e\u6309\u7167\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u6b64\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d
\n\u5fc5\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u9010\u7ae0\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u6216\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u770b
\n\u8d77\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5148\u8bfb\u7b2c8\u5929\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63e1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u4e8b
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u90e8\u95e8\u662f\u5982
\n\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u8d22\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u5148\u8bfb\u7b2c3\u5929\u3000\u300a\u4f1a\u8ba1\u300b\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u5148
\n\u8bfb\u300a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\u6216\u300a\u6218\u7565\u300b\u7b49\u3002
\n\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u529b\u6c42\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u4e66\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bfb\u8005\u77e5\u8bc6
\n\u9762\u5e7f\u3001\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u8457\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u540d\u3001\u63d2\u56fe\u3001\u56fe
\n\u8868\u51fa\u5904\u3001\u6bcf\u7ae0\u6700\u540e\u7684\u201cKey\u3000Takeaways\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bcd
\n\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u5f55\uff0c\u4ec5\u7167\u9644\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u672a\u4e88\u8bd1\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5e73\u6dfb\u4e9b\u60c5\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f
\n\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002
\n\u611f\u8c22\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u6258\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f8\u738b\u519b\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u4f5c\u5e8f\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4e2d
\n\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u6258\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f8\u79e6\u6653\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba1\u6821\u8bd1\u6587\u3002
\n\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5434\u754f\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u987e\u95ee
\n\uff08BCG\uff09\u7684\u3000Vivian\u3000Zheng\u3000\u5973\u58eb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a0b\u6b23\u3001\u6881\u5e73\u4fe1\u3001\u91d1\u6654\u3001\u5415\u950b\u3001
\n\u9ec4\u851a\u4fe1\u3001\u718a\u6021\u4e2d\u3001\u7530\u7476\u3001\u5d14\u83b9\u3001\u5c45\u4f1f\u6c11\u3001\u9ad8\u7b71\u82cf\u3001\u9f99\u51cc\u4e91\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a
\n\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff01
\n\u672c\u4e66\u5f97\u5230\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u540c\u4ec1\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8d23\u7f16\u4f55\u57f9\u6167
\n\u5148\u751f\u4ed8\u51fa\u8f9b\u52e4\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8c28\u8868\u6df1\u6df1\u8c22\u610f\u3002
\n\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u90d1\u4f0f\u864e\u8bd1\u524d\u8a00\u53ca\u7b2c\u30002\u30013\u30015\u30016\u30017\u30018\u3000\u5929\uff1b\u66f9\u5efa\u6d77\u8bd1
\n\u7b2c1\u30014\u3001\uff1b\u6768\u5170\u4f0f\u8bd1\u7b2c9\u300110\u5929\uff1b\u90d1\u4f0f\u864e\u7edf\u6821\u5168\u4e66\u3002\u56e0\u65f6\u95f4\u4ed3\u4fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a5\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u6240\u96be\u514d\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u5b9d\u8d35\u610f\u89c1\u3002
\n\u8bd1\u8005
\n1997\u5e742\u6708\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u5e8f
\n\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1
\n\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5e7f\u6cdb\u501f\u7b7e\u56fd\u5916\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u7ade
\n\u4e89\u3002
\n\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u9646\u7eed\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a
\n\u6211\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u662f\u6211\u516c\u53f8
\n\u540c\u4ec1\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u9f0e\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u8bfb\u8005\u53d7\u76ca\u3002
\n\u738b\u519bMBA\u5341\u65e5\u8bfb\u7b2c1\u5929\u3000\u8425\u9500
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u5236\u5b9a\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b65\u9aa4
\n\u5e02\u573a\u5212\u5206
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f
\n\u611f\u77e5\u56fe\u8868
\n\u6bdb\u5229
\n\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u56dbP
\n\u5b9a\u4f4d
\n\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053
\n\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u4fc3\u9500
\n\u5b9a\u4ef7
\n\u8425\u9500\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790
\n\u57c3\u514b\u59c6\uff08Acme\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba4\u4e00\u666f\uff1a
\n\u8463\u4e8b\uff1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u5ba1\u9605\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u5de5\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u60f3\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4ed8\u7ed9\u6765\u81ea\u4fc4
\n\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u7684\u8425\u9500\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u5409\u59c6\u00b7\u7a46\u5c3c\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6bd4\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u88c1\u6c49
\n\u514b\u00b7\u5e03\u798f\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u7eb3\u95f7\u3002\u6211\u771f\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u3002
\n\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\uff1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u7684\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u5409\u59c6\u7684\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u603b
\n\u88c1\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e86\uff01
\n\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u57c3\u514b\u59c6\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b63\u5982
\n\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u51ef\u6d1b\u683c\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6559\u6388\u83f2\u529b\u6d66\u00b7\u8003\u7279\u4e50\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u91cd\u5728
\n\u8425\u9500\u3002\u8425\u9500\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u9500\u552e
\n\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002
\n\u8425\u9500\u662f\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u8425\u9500\u8bfe\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u5230\u8bb8
\n\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5355\u9760\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\u5b66\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u624d\u534e\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u6240
\n\u5177\u5907\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u624d\u534e\u7684
\n\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u6b63\u89c4\u6559\u80b2\u53ea\u4e3a\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u6846\u67b6\u548c
\n\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u8425\u9500\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f
\n\u662f\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u4e3e\u529e\u6536\u8d39\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u6240\u529b\u56fe\u8fbe\u5230
\n\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\n\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u8981\u628a\u5b66\u751f\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5927\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u80a5\u7682\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d
\n\u662f\u79bb\u5f00\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u89d2\u8272\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002
\n\u64c5\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u89c6\u8425\u9500\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u201c\u8f6f
\n\u6027\u201d\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u8fd0\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u91cf\u5316\u6216\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u624b\u6bb5\u5236
\n\u8ba2\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5404\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8425\u9500\u7684\u201c\u827a\u672f\u6027\u201d\u5728\u4e8e\u5236\u8ba2\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u3002\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u3001
\n\u6c49\u5821\u5305\u738b\u3001\u6e29\u8fea\uff08Wendy’s\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u8fea\uff08Hardee’s\uff09\u3001\u6000\u7279\u00b7\u5361
\n\u65af\u5c14\uff08White\u3000Castle\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5356\u6c49\u5821\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u7684
\n\u9053\u8def\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u8bfe\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u4eec
\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8868\u73b0\u5404\u81ea\u5929\u8d44\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u641c\u80a0\u522e\u809a\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u60f3
\n\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u8425\u9500\u662f\u6211\u6700\u5f97\u610f\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u70ae\u5236\u4e9b\u4e3b
\n\u610f\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u603b\u662f? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u8425\u9500\u662f\u6211\u6700\u5f97\u610f\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u70ae\u5236\u4e9b\u4e3b
\n\u610f\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u5176\u4e50\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u540c\u7a97\u4eec\u6bcf\u6bcf\u56de\u5fc6
\n\u8d77\u6211\u5728\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7adf\u5efa\u8bae\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u4f2f\u8fea\u5f15\u8fdb\u7f8e\u5473\u9e21\u8089\u70ed\u72d7\u7684\u4e8b\u4fbf\u5fcd
\n\u4fca\u4e0d\u7981\u3002
\n\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u8425\u9500\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u603b\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4
\n\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u5747\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u4e92\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5176\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u4e92\u8854\u63a5\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8981\u505a\u597d\u5176
\n\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u4e92\u4e3a
\n\u8865\u5145\u7684\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u9879\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u8425\u9500\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u30007\u3000\u4e2a\u6b65
\n\u9aa4\u7ec4\u6210\u3002
\n1\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u6790
\n2\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790
\n3\u3002\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u8eab\u4f18\u52bf
\n4\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u9500\u6e20\u9053
\n5\u3002\u5236\u8ba2\u201c\u521d\u6b65\u201d\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848
\n6\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bc4\u4f30
\n7\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u524d6\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u6848
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u30007\u3000\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e
\n\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u5404\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u53ef\u80fd\u6df1\u6df1
\n\u5730\u9677\u5165\u8425\u9500\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6ce5\u6f6d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6b64
\n\u5217\u51fa\u5236\u8ba2\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c
\n\u6211\u5c06\u96c6\u4e2d\u53d9\u8ff0\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u672f\u8bed\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e
\n\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u3002
\n\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u6b64\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u30007\u3000\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u91cc\u6559\u6388
\n\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8425\u9500\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528
\n\u5236\u8ba2\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565
\n\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u3000MBA\u3000\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bf4\u8d77\u8bdd\u6765\u50cf\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u3002\u8425\u9500\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684
\n\u4e13\u95e8\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u8bcd\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5f88\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u521b
\n\u610f\uff0c\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5802\u800c\u7687\u4e4b\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u7b11\u5417\uff1f\u5e7f\u544a\u4ee3\u7406\u5546\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9
\n\u6837\u63a8\u9500\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u3002
\n1\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u6790
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u6790\u2192\u5e02\u573a\u2192\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u2192\u5206\u9500\u2192\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u2192\u7ecf\u6d4e
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u2192\u4fee\u6539
\n\u6240\u6709\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u9996\u5148\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u201c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u201d\u95ee
\n\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u9500
\n\u552e\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u89d2\u5ea6\u7740\u624b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u4f60\u7684
\n\u601d\u8def\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee
\n\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u8425\u9500\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff1a
\n\u9700\u6c42\u7c7b\u522b\uff08Need\u3000category\uff09\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1f
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08Buying\u3000process\uff09\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u6211\u6240\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u9ad8\u8fd8\u662f\u4f4e\uff1f
\n\u6211\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\uff1f
\n\u9700\u6c42\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8c01\u9700\u8981\uff1f\u4e3a\u4f55\u9700\u8981\uff1f
\n\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9488\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u7528\u9014\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1
\n\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fc7\u53bb\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7684\u6f5c
\n\u5728\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u6d89\u53ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u601d
\n\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5236\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u82cf\u6253\u7684\u3000Arm\u3000&\u3000Hammer\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5c31
\n\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u82cf\u6253\u7c89\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u54c1\u724c
\n\u7684\u7259\u818f\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u6e05\u6d01\u5242\u548c\u5730\u6bef\u6e05\u6d01\u5242\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a8\u8350
\n\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c97\u82cf\u6253\u7c89\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u83b7\u5229\u4e30\u539a\u3002
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u548c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1f
\n\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u8863
\n\u548c\u889c\u5b50\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531\u5987\u5973\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e00\u573a\u4ee5\u7537\u889c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u6218\uff0c\u4ece\u4f53\u80b2\u7cbe\u54c1\uff08Sports\u3000Illustrated\uff09\u91cc\u4e70\u7248
\n\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u4e86\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u5c31\u4e3a\u8425\u9500\u8ba1
\n\u5212\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u9700\u6c42\u7c7b\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u5c31\u8be5\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u7814\u7a76\u56fa\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u800c
\n\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548\u3002
\n\u61c2\u5f97\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u8fbe\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u8005\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u542b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6
\n\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u4ea6\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u9009\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c
\n\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5f97\u77e5\u2014\u611f\u89c9\u2014\u884c\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a
\n\u6ce8\u610f\u2014\u5174\u8da3\u2014\u6b32\u671b\u2014\u884c\u52a8\uff08Attention\u2014Interest\u2014Desire\u2014
\nAction\uff1b\u3000AIDA\uff09\u3002\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u6b64\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u4e86\u30005
\n\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u6216\u6240\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
\n\u610f\u8bc6\u2192\u4fe1\u606f\u641c\u5bfb\u2192\u8bc4\u4f30\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u2192\u8d2d\u4e70\u2192\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u4ee5\u4e70\u80a5\u7682\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u8eab\u4f53\u6709\u5473\u2192\u6211\u8be5\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u2192\u80a5\u7682\uff1f\u2192\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u610f\u89c1
\n\u2192\u53bb\u5546\u5e97\u770b\u770b\u2192\u770b\u6807\u7b7e\u2192\u4e70\u4e00\u5757\u4ee3\u5c14\u724c\u80a5\u7682\u2192\u6d17\u6fa1\u2192\u95fb\u95fb\u8eab
\n\u4e0a\u7684\u5473\u9053\u2192\u4e0b\u6b21\u8fd8\u4e70\u8fd9\u79cd\u80a5\u7682
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5404\u6b65\u9aa4\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
\n\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u95ee\u9898\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002\u201c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d
\n\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u80a5\u7682\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n\u5e7f\u544a\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8457\u540d\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u670d\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u7684\u670d\u88c5
\n\u548c\u9999\u6c34\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c
\n\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u559c\u7231\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6d77\u98de\u4e1d\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u5931\u53bb\u7231\u548c
\n\u4e0d\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e70\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5b58
\n\u5728\uff1f\u201d\u201c\u6211\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u201d
\n\u4fe1\u606f\u641c\u5bfb\u3002\u201c\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u6d88\u8d39\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u63a8\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u4e13
\n\u4e1a\u6742\u5fd7\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d
\n\u529b\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e02
\n\u573a\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5546\u5e97\u7684
\n\u5e03\u7f6e\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u70b9\uff08Point\u3000of\u3000purchase\uff1b\u3000POP\uff09\u5c31\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u8bfa\u514b\u65af\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u6602\u516c\u53f8\uff08Noxell’s\u3000Clarion\uff09\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u5728\u514b\u9a6c
\n\u7279\u5546\u573a\uff08Kmart\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u67b6\u5b50\u4e0a\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u5c0f\u7535\u8111\u4e3a\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u96c5\u8bd7\u5170\u9edb\uff08Estee\u3000Lauder\uff09\u5219\u7528\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u5728\u767e\u8d27\u5e97\u4f5c
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u54ea\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u6211\u6700\u9002\u7528\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u53ef
\n\u80fd\u6700\u540e\u4e70\u7684\u662f\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u3001\u673a\u52a8\u811a\u8e0f\u4e24\u7528\u8f66\u6216\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u4e70\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684
\n\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8dd1\u4e00\u8d9f\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u4fee\u7406\u7ad9\uff0c\u6216\u5f81\u6c42\u90bb\u5c45\u8f66\u8ff7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7559\u4e0b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u8425\u9500\u6210\u529f
\n\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u5c31\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6807
\n\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7403\u6746\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u7ec3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u5356\u7ed9
\n\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5356\u7ed9\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4f1a\u5458\u3002
\n\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e5f\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5982
\n\u679c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e00\u65f6\u65e0\u8d27\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u65b9\u4fbf\u6216\u6025\u7528\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u4e2a\u6709\u53ef
\n\u6bd4\u6027\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u548c\u767e\u4e8b\u53ef\u4e50\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u9500\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u5f97
\n\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u4e50\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u96be\u6709\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u559c\u7231\u5e03\u6717\u535a\u58eb\u7684
\n\u996e\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u6c99\u6ee9\u4e0a\u5e72\u6e34\u65e0\u6bd4\u60f3\u559d\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a
\n\u63a5\u53d7\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u6216\u767e\u4e8b\u53ef\u4e50\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u91cd\u5934\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8d2d\u4e70\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u201c\u65b0\u8fd1\u63a8\u51fa\u3001
\n\u8d28\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u201d\u7684\u7eb8\u5dfe\u9009\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7528\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u5730
\n\u64e6\u62ed\u96be\u9664\u7684\u6c61\u6e0d\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u7968\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u6d77\u4e0a\u6e21\u5047\u548c\u5bb6\u7528\u7535\u5668\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u8017\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3\u66f4\u96be\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u5927\u3002
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u98ce\u9669\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u8425\u9500
\n\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u4fdd\u4fee\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5237\u6750\u6599\uff0c
\n\u5e76\u5411\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u8d2d\u4e70\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08\u552e\u540e\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u3002\u6211\u662f\u5426\u72af\u4e86\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u6d4b
\n\u8bd5\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7075\u9a8c\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f81\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eba
\n\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u7684\u61ca\u6094\u548c\u552e\u540e\u5fc3\u7406\u6ce2\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u63cf\u5199
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d2d\u4e70\u540e\u60f6\u60d1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6c7d\u8f66\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f
\n\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e70\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u8fd1\u4e70\u4e86\u8f66\u7684\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u5c0f\u9762\u5305\u8f66\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e70\u5207\u7ef4\u00b7\u5362\u7c73\u90a3\u3000APV\u3000\u8f66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6ca1
\n\u6709\u9519\u3002
\n\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u7406\u89e3\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ff5\u5934
\n\u878d\u5165\u6682\u5b9a\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u6216\u4fc3\u9500\u521b\u610f\u91cc\uff08\u8fd9\u70b9\u7559\u5f85\u7b56\u7565\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u65f6\u518d\u4e88\u8003\u8651\uff09\u3002
\n\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4f7f\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n\u7406\u8bba\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u4e3a\u8425\u9500\u603b\u76d1\u5c55\u73b0
\n\u4ed6\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u5982\u679c\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u7684\u4f53\u80b2\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\uff08The\u3000National\uff09\u7684
\n\u8425\u9500\u603b\u76d1\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u867d\u7136\u300050\uff05\u7684\u7537\u6027\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u30001\uff05\u7684\u4eba\u8bfb\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u5c06\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8be5
\n\u603b\u76d1\u66f4\u52a0\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u644a\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bd5\u9605\u8ba2\u5355\u3002
\n\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb\u7814
\n\u7a76\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u95ee\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a
\n\u201c\u54ea\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u7b54\u590d\u7684\uff1f\u201d
\n\u201c\u4e00\u65e6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff1f\u201d
\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u900f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u81ea\u5df1\u7684
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u91d1\u94b1\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4f60\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8425\u9500\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u5f88\u4e50\u610f
\n\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6d6a\u8d39\u91d1\u94b1\u7684\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u9ad8\u8fd8\u662f\u4f4e\uff1f
\n\u6b63\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e
\n\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c
\n\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u611f\u89c9\u8d2d\u4e70\u67d0\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201c\u5371\u9669\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d2d\u4e70\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35
\n\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8d77\u640f\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff09
\n\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u916c\u62a5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u559c\u7231\uff09
\n\u97f3\u54cd\u3001\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8981\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u96be\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u66f4\u4f7f\u8d2d\u4e70\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea7\u54c1\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c24
\n\u5176\u5f53\u4e70\u4e3b\u5e76\u975e\u4e13\u5bb6\u65f6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b
\n\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u5173\u635f\u574f\u7d22\u8d54\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u65f6\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5f80
\n\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u5f8b\u5e08\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7cd6
\n\u679c\u5473\u9053\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u6254\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u518d\u4e70\u522b\u7684\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u95f4
\n\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684
\n\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u63a8\u9500\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u56fe\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3000\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6
\n\u91cd\u5927\u533a\u522b\u3000\u3000\u2026\u8fc7\u7a0b\u590d\u6742
\n\u2026\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e8e\u54c1\u724c
\n\u2026\u5b9e\u9a8c
\n\u2026\u968f\u610f\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u2026\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ea7\u54c1\u591a\u6837\u5316
\n\u5fae\u5c0f\u533a\u522b\u3000\u3000\u2026\u7126\u8651\uff08\u60f6\u60d1\uff09\u7684\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u2026\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f2\u76ee\u4fe1\u4efb
\n\u2026\u8d2d\u4e70\u6700\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684
\n\u2026\u968f\u610f\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u2026\u76f2\u76ee\u5fe0\u5b9e
\n\u2026\u60ef\u6027
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u786e\u5177\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u50cf\u54c8\u5229\u00b7\u6234
\n\u7ef4\u68ee\uff08Harley\u2026Davidson\uff09\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b
\n\u5ea6\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u8868\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8425\u9500\u529b\u91cf
\n\u5e94\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u8bf1
\n\u60d1\u529b\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e70\u4e00\u8f86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f66\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5524\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u5fe0\u8bda\u5fc3\u7406\u3002
\n\u5f53\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u53bb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a
\n\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u7684\u9b54\u529b\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8
\n\u978b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u978b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f53\u64cd\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u978b\uff0c
\n\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea7\u54c1\u5411\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u8f6c\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u533a\u5206\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u9886\u57df
\n\u91cc\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a
\n\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e0d\u542b\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u70f9\u8c03\u6cb9\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u5bb3\u6015\u4e08\u592b\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u53d1\u4f5c\u8054\u7cfb
\n\u8d77\u6765\u3002
\n\u8fd0\u7528\u590d\u6742\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e7f\u544a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u4ef7\u503c
\n\uff08\u8bf8\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u7231\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u767e\u4e8b\u53ef\u4e50\u52aa\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5546\u4e1a
\n\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b4c\u624b\uff0c\u5c06\u9752\u6625\u3001\u671d\u6c14\u3001\u65f6\u9ae6\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77
\n\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u9500\u552e\u3002
\n\u6539\u53d8\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u79cd\u79cd\u76ca\u5904\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u76ca\u5904\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u4eba\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ecb\u5165\u300280\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5564\u9152\u5927\u6218\u4f7f\u5361\u6d1b\u91cc\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u7279\u6027\u2014\u5361\u6d1b\u91cc\u2014\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u5065
\n\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u7684\u996e\u9152\u8005\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c
\n\u7c73\u52d2\u91cc\u7279\uff08Miller\u3000Lite\uff09\u88ab\u8bf4\u5f97\u4e0e\u571f\u532a\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u65e0\u662f\u5904\u3002
\n\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u5927\u4f5c\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u5bb6\u7528\u6e05\u6d01\u5668\u63a8\u51fa\u513f\u7ae5\u4fdd
\n\u62a4\u5e3d\u65f6\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ecb\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u8d27
\n\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e3d\u4ea7\u54c1\u5360\u636e\u663e\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4eec\u90fd
\n\u4eff\u5236\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e3d? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u62a4\u5e3d\u65f6\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ecb\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u8d27
\n\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e3d\u4ea7\u54c1\u5360\u636e\u663e\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4eec\u90fd
\n\u4eff\u5236\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u522b\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8d2d\u4e70\u70ed\u53c8\u56de\u5f52\u5230
\n\u4f4e\u6f6e\u3002
\n\u771f\u6b63\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f4e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u8981\u6c42
\n\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6807\u51c6\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u7ebf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u679a\u56fe\u9489\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u529f
\n\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u724c\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u9519\u4e0d\u5230\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c1d\u8bd5
\n\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u5305\u53e3\u9999\u7cd6\uff0c\u5176\u4ecb\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u523a\u6fc0\u8d77
\n\u6765\u3002
\n\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\u91c7\u8d2d\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u91c7\u8d2d\u8fd8\u662f
\n\u5373\u5174\u8d2d\u4e70\uff1f\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea7\u54c1\u603b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba1\u5212\u624d\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5373\u5174
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u4e00\u65f6\u9ad8\u5174\u5c31\u4e70\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u4e70\u4e3b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u641c
\n\u5bfb\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c31\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5c0f\u5403\u98df\u54c1\u5c31\u662f\u5373\u5174\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4e2d\u5348\u9965\u997f\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9
\n\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5feb\u9910\u70b9\u3002
\n\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u786e\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u600e\u6837\u5212\u5206\uff1f
\n\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u4efb
\n\u52a1\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u8c01\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u7684
\n\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u51fa\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c
\n\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5927\u4f17\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u628a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f60
\n\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u6570\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u662f\u6307\u540c
\n\u7c7b\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u53e3
\n\u53ef\u4e50\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6765\u559d\u201c\u771f\u996e\u6599\u201d\u3002\u6a58\u6c41
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u996e\u6599\uff0c\u53d6\u60a6\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u7a84\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7565\u9ad8\u4e9b\uff0c
\n\u5305\u88c5\u74f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6a58\u6c41\u8fce\u5408\u7684\u662f\u8f6f\u996e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u3002
\n\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u3002
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u8425\u9500\u52aa\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u3002
\n\u5e2e\u52a9\u5236\u5b9a\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\n\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u7262\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u5f00
\n\u5c55\u6709\u7684\u653e\u77e2\u7684\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d62\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u6700\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u5229
\n\u6da6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6709\u628a\u8425\u9500\u8d44\u91d1\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u5bf9\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4eba
\n\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u5206\u5272\u6d88\u8d39\u5e02\u573a\u67094\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u5730\u7406\u56e0\u7d20
\n\u00b7\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u56e0\u7d20
\n\u00b7\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u00b7\u884c\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20
\n\u5730\u7406\u5212\u5206\u3002\u6309\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5dde\u3001\u5730\u533a\u3001\u53bf\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5212\u5206\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u7f8e
\n\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u3000310\u3000\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u5e02\u7edf\u8ba1\u533a
\n\uff08Standard\u3000Metrolitian\u3000Statistical\u3000Areas\uff1b\u3000SMSAs\uff09\uff0c\u786e
\n\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4e00\u5bb6\u5927\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\u963f\u6bd4
\n\u7279\u5170\uff08Arbitron\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u56fd\u3000210\u3000\u4e2a\u4e3b
\n\u8981\u7535\u89c6\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u3000\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u533a\u3000\uff08Areas\u3000of\u3000Dominant\u3000Influence\uff1b
\nADIs\uff09\u3002\u5176\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3000A\u3002\u3000C\u3002\u3000\u5c3c\u5c14\u68ee\uff08A\u3002\u3000C\u3002\u3000Nielsen\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a
\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u533a\u57df\uff08Designated\u3000Market
\nAreas\uff1b\u3000DMAs\uff09\u3002
\n\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5212\u5206\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ef\u6d4b\u53d8\u6570\u5212\u5206\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u540c
\n\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1a
\n\u5e74\u9f84\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u8981\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n\u6027\u522b\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u6536\u5165\u2014\u2014\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u3002
\n\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u5bb6\u5ead\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u89c4\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u6210\u5bb6\u3001\u79bb\u5bb6\u7b49\u3002
\n\u6559\u80b2\/\u804c\u4e1a\u2014\u2014\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6587\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002
\n\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u2014\u2014\u7279\u6b8a\u559c\u597d\u3002
\n\u5fc3\u7406\u5212\u5206\u3002\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5dee\u522b\u56e0\u7d20\u5212\u5206\u5e02\u573a\u3002
\n\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u3002
\n\u6027\u683c\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u5b88\u578b\u3001\u5192\u9669\u578b\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u5730\u4f4d\u578b\u3001\u51b2\u52a8\u578b\u3001\u91ce\u5fc3
\n\u52c3\u52c3\u578b\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u578b\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u4ea4\u9645\u578b\u3002\uff08\u4eba\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u654f\u611f\u70b9\uff0c
\n\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u5e7f\u544a\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u89e6\u52a8\u3002\uff09
\n\u5fc3\u7406\u5212\u5206\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1
\n\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u662f\u6781\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002
\n\u884c\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u3002\u6309\u7167\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u5e02\u573a\uff1a
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u597d\u5904\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u2014\u2014\u793c\u54c1\u3001\u5047\u671f\u3001\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u7b49\u3002
\n\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7a0b\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7fa4\u5bf9\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8425
\n\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u53cd\u5e94\u5c24\u5176\u7075\u654f\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u5987\u5973\u6bd4\u5355\u8eab\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5987\u5973\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u8d2d\u4e70\u5238\u3002
\n\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u201d\u53d8\u6570\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a
\n\u5c11\u53d8\u6570\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u201c\u6709\u7528\u53d8\u6570\u201d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u4f7f\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a
\n\u6700\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u548c\u6700\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b
\n\u5982\uff0c\u79d1\u7ef4\u7279\u516c\u53f8\uff08Corvettes\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300025\u201465\u3000\u5c81\u3001\u6536\u5165\u8d85\u8fc7\u30005\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u68d5\u8272\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u7537\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7528\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b9a\u4e3a\u68d5\u8272\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u529b\u5c31\u6709\u9650\u4e86\uff0c\u6548\u7528\u4e5f
\n\u4ee4\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u3002\u68d5\u8272\u5934\u53d1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5212\u5206\u53d8\u6570\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00
\n\u4efd\u6742\u5fd7\u662f\u4ee5\u68d5\u8272\u5934\u53d1\u7537\u5b50\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u91d1\u9ec4\u8272\u548c\u7ea2
\n\u8272\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u79d1\u7ef4\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u3002
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5212\u5206\u5e94\u5f53\u8fd0\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a
\n\u53ef\u5b9a\u91cf\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u80fd\u5426\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\uff1f\u80fd\u5426\u91cf\u5316\u5176\u89c4
\n\u6a21\uff1f
\n\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u9500\u552e\u961f\u4f0d\u6216\u53d1\u884c\u5546\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u5546\u3001
\n\u6216\u4ed3\u50a8\u800c\u62b5\u8fbe\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff1f
\n\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u662f\u5426\u5927\u5f97\u503c\u5f97\u82b1\u8d39\u6c14\u529b\uff1f\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u5e02
\n\u573a\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u840e\u7f29\u8fd8\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u719f\u6216\u589e\u957f\uff1f
\n\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5229\u6da6\u503c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff1f
\n\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u2014\u2014\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u8be5\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u6709\u5174
\n\u8da3\uff1f\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u6295\u5165\u7cbe\u529b\uff1f
\n\u6709\u6548\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u8db3\u7684
\n\u670d\u52a1\uff1f
\n\u81ea\u536b\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u8fdb\u653b\u65f6\u4f60\u80fd\u5426\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f
\n\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u5b9e
\n\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u9999\u7cbe\u5496\u5561\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790\uff1a
\n25\u201454\u5c81
\n\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2
\n\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u4e1a\u6216\u4e1a\u52a1\u4eba\u5458
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead
\n\u5bb6\u5ead\u6536\u5165\u8d85\u8fc75\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u53ef\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5927\u800c\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5496\u5561\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u89c6\u5176\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u3002
\n\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6ca1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba
\n\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u3002\u65bd\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\uff08Xerox\uff09\u572870\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u300088\uff05\u7684
\n\u590d\u5370\u673a\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9500\u552e\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u548c\u4e2d\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u673a\u578b\u3002\u4f46
\n\u5230\u4e86\u30001985\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u65bd\u4e50\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de
\n\u4e8b\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u65bd\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u673a\u578b\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u590d\u5370\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d
\n\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u5bb6\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u4e86\u590d\u5370\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u5f80\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u590d\u5370
\n\u5546\u5e97\u8dd1\u3002\u4f73\u80fd\u3001\u590f\u666e\u3001\u7406\u5149\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u552e\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u4ef7\u5ec9\u7684\u590d\u5370\u673a\u6293
\n\u4f4f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u590d\u5370\u673a\u5e02\u573a\u7ad9\u7a33\u811a\u8ddf\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7ade\u4e89\u8005
\n\u4eec\u53c8\u5728\u5927\u578b\u590d\u5370\u673a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u65bd\u4e50\u8fdb\u653b\u3002
\n\u5728\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5236\u8ba2\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u6790\u8d77\u7740\u201c\u542f\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u5728\u524d\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4f60\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u53d1
\n\u5c55\u6846\u67b6\u65f6\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4f1a\u6291\u5236\u4f60\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u8fc8\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u51ed\u201c\u76f4\u89c9\u201d\u9009\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u6b65\u9aa4\u540e\u518d
\n\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u505a\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002
\n2\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u2192\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u2192\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u2192\u5206\u9500\u2192\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u2192\u7ecf\u6d4e
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u2192\u4fee\u6539
\n\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u5219
\n\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e02\u573a\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5e02
\n\u573a\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5ba1\u89c6\u7ade\u4e89\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6cd5\u89c4\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u5e02
\n\u573a\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u5c31\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\u82b1\u8d39\u7cbe\u529b\u8fdb\u884c
\n\u6709\u7684\u653e\u77e2\u7684\u8425\u9500\u52aa\u529b\u3002MBA\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bc4
\n\u4f30\u5e02\u573a\uff1a
\n\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5904\u4e8e\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u54ea\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u5927\u5bb6\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u5305\u62ec\u4f60\u7684\u540c\u7c7b
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u603b\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u6211\u653b\u8bfb\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u7684\u5934\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u6211
\n\u5728\u4e00\u5bb6\u5916\u8d38\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6742\u54c1\u5e97\u91cc\u9500\u552e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5
\n\u7814\u78e8\u5f0f\u5496\u5561\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5496\u5561\u9500\u552e\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u7684\u76f8
\n\u5173\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u5bfc\u30021990\u3000\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5496\u5561\u7ea6
\n\u503c110\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u300060\uff05\u662f\u5728\u5546\u5e97\u91cc\u51fa\u552e\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684
\n40\uff05\u662f\u96c6\u56e2\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9910\u9986\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5496\u5561\u552e\u8d27\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u96f6
\n\u552e\u5e02\u573a\u5c31\u5269\u4e0b66\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5496\u5561\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u7ec6\u5206\u4ee5\u80fd\u627e
\n\u5230\u6211\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u7814\u78e8\u5f0f\u5496\u5561\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7ea6\u8fbe\u30007\u30025\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c
\n\u5373\u96f6\u552e\u5e02\u573a\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u300011\uff05\u3002\u5728\u7814\u78e8\u5f0f\u5496\u5561\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u5496\u5561
\n\u53ea\u6709\u300060\uff05\u4e0d\u542b\u4eba\u5de5\u9999\u6599\u3002\u6211\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5496\u5561\u6ca1\u6709\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5382
\n\u5546\u62d2\u7edd\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u9999\u6599\u3002\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u3000\u6211\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u5c31\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u81f34\u30025
\n\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u300055\uff05\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u9500\u552e\u7684\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u5c31\u5269\u4e0b2\u300248\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u3002
\n\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u9009\u62e9\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5f97\u81ea\u95ee\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
\n\u548c\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa\u8425\u9500\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3
\n\u4e48\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4ec5\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53ef\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u552e\u201d\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u53ef\u552e\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u624d\u80fd\u8d5a\u94b1\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u6613\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u65b0\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u624b\u53ef\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5
\n\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u67e5\u3002
\n\u8981\u7559\u5fc3\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5404\u6d88\u8d39\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u589e\u957f\u548c\u840e\u7f29\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u589e\u957f\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9500\u552e\u589e\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u6216\u73b0\u6709\u987e\u5ba2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u7f29
\n\u5c0f\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u7684\u589e\u957f\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4f60\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3
\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u62f1\u624b\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4f60\uff01\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u5236\u9020\u5546\u83b1\u5fb7\u5229\u836f\u5382
\n\uff08Lederle\u3000Laboratory\uff09\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4
\n\u5927\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5e02\u573a\uff0c1990\u3000\u5e74\u5bf9\u5176\u914d\u65b9\u4f5c\u4e86\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u6210
\n\u529f\u5730\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u94f6\u201d\u914d\u65b9\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5904\u4e8e\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u54ea\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u56e0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff08Product\u3000life\u3000cycles\uff1b\u3000PLC\uff09
\n\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83
\n\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e4b\u5e76\u8d2d\u4e70\u800c
\n\u4f7f\u9500\u552e\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8702\u7a9d\u5f0f\u7535\u8bdd\u662f\u5728\u300070\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6
\n\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e00\u4e07\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u300090\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u914d\u5907\u4e00\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u7adf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u8d85\u8fc7600\u4e07\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e2d
\n\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u9500\u552e\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u968f\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u719f\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u7406
\n\u89e3\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u7684\u773c\u5149\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u9636\u6bb5\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u5982
\n\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u8bd5\u7528\u3002\u628a
\n\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u51fa\u53bb\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u9ad8\u989d\u5e7f\u544a\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5382\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009
\n\u62e9\u51e0\u5bb6\u5546\u5e97\u72ec\u5bb6\u51fa\u552e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5404\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8d77\u5148\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2
\n\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u800c\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u6539\u8fdb\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u9996\u6279\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u8005\uff0c
\n\u968f\u540e\u7684\u53eb\u4f5c\u65e9\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u6216\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u515c\u91cc\u7684\u94b1
\n\u5305\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e50\u4e8e\u627f\u62c5\u8d2d\u4e70\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u51fa\u65b0
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u56e0\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9a\u4ef7\u505a\u8ba4\u771f\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4ef7\u4f4d\u548c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u4e0e\u5bf9\u624b
\n\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7535
\n\u89c6\u548c\u6570\u7801\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u201c\u54ea\u513f\u80fd\u4e70\u5230\uff1f\u201d\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba3\u4f20\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u4e86
\n\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u578b\u53f7
\n\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e70\u54ea\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e70\u3002\u4e70\u4e3b\u4eec\u5230\u4e86\u5546\u5e97\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb
\n\u6bd4\u8f83\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u4ea7\u54c1\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5e38\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u9009\u62e9
\n\u53d1\u884c\u6cd5\u4ee5\u6311\u9009\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u51fa\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00
\n\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u9500\u552e\u989d\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u548c
\n\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u3000CD
\n\u76d8\uff09\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u53d6\u5f97\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e70\u5b83\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5927\u4f17
\n\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u540e\u671f\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u8d2d\u4e70\u67d0\u79cd\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u53c8\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u4fbf\u8d77\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981
\n\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u7ade\u4e89\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u81ea\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u6210\u957f\u671f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u6027\u80fd\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u66f4\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u5e7f
\n\u544a\u5c31\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206\u5404\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u628a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u5206\u5f97\u66f4\u7ec6\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c1a\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4eec\u641c
\n\u5bfb\u7740\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e5f\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76d2\u5f0f\u5f55\u97f3\u673a\u3001\u5f55\u50cf\u673a\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\uff1f\u201d\u968f\u7740\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5230
\n\u8fbe\u8870\u9000\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u6700\u80c6\u5c0f
\n\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u843d\u540e\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u671f\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u5e7f\u544a\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u4e00
\n\u6837\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u4ef7
\n\u683c\uff0c\u6216\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7ade\u4e89\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5219 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6837\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u4ef7
\n\u683c\uff0c\u6216\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7ade\u4e89\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5219\u6162\u6162\u5730\u52a0\u4ef7\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u8d38\u6613
\n\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u5426\u7559\u5728\u96f6\u552e\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u9c9c\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5206\u9500\u5546\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u4eec\u5b81\u53ef\u628a\u8d27\u4f4d\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u3001
\n\u6f5c\u5728\u5229\u6da6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5173
\n\u7cfb\u8425\u9500\uff08Relationship\u3000marketing\uff09\uff08\u5982\u9ed1\u767d\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u3001\u5531\u673a\uff09\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u671f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7
\n\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6210\u719f\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5524\u8d77\u751f\u547d\u529b\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u957f\u671f\u3002\u5728\u3000Topps\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u8425\u9500\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0b\uff0c\u68d2\u7403\u5361\u7247\u751f
\n\u610f\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u3002
\n\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b7b\u524d\u7684\u56de\u5149\u8fd4\u7167\u80fd\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5bb6\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546
\n\u521b\u9020\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5728\u4e3a\u8001\u578b\u53f7\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u3001\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u8bbe\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b
\n\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u4e1a\u91cc\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u68ee\u7535\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\uff08Richardson
\nElectronics\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66fe\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u516c\u53f8
\n\uff08RCA\uff09\u3001\u897f\u5c4b\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\uff08Westinghouse\uff09\u548c\u897f\u5c14\u7ef4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u516c\u53f8
\n\uff08Sylvania\uff09\u3000\u6240\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u3002\u3000\u8fd0\u7528\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7b56\u7565\u3000\uff08End\u3000game\uff09\uff0c
\n\u5b58\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u80fd\u4ece\u987e\u5ba2\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u987e\u5ba2
\n\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6362\u90e8\u4ef6\u65f6\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u3002
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u6216\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u57fa\u7840\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u62a2
\n\u5360\u5e02\u573a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u4e2a
\n\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u56e0\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u00b7\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u00b7\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u00b7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1
\n\u00b7\u670d\u52a1
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5feb\u9910\u4e1a\uff0c\u70ed\u706b\u671d\u5929\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u4fc3\u9500\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5728\u4e3a
\n\u5176\u5b83\u884c\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8c03
\n\u67e5\u5496\u5561\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u5236\u8ba2\u8425\u9500\u8ba1
\n\u5212\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7ade\u4e89\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7136
\n\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u56e0\u7d20\u30023\u3002\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u2192\u5e02\u573a\u2192\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u5206\u6790\u2192\u5206\u9500\u2192\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u2192\u7ecf\u6d4e
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u2192\u4fee\u6539
\n\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u6b65\u9009\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u8425\u9500\u52aa\u529b\u7684
\n\u76ee\u6807\u6d88\u8d39\u5e02\u573a\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u8ba2\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u8d25\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8ba1
\n\u5212\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u7b49\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u5ba1\u89c6\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u957f\u5904\u5728
\n\u54ea\u513f\uff08MBA\u3000\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\uff08Core\u3000petencies\uff09\uff09\uff1f\u4f60
\n\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4f60\u516c\u53f8\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u957f\u5904\u6216\u5229\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u7ade\u4e89
\n\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff1f\u4e0b\u8ff0\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002
\n\u4f60\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u00b7\u5206\u9500
\n\u00b7\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u63a8\u51fa
\n\u00b7\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u00b7\u5e02\u573a\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d
\n\u00b7\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5
\n\u00b7\u4ee5\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u58f0\u8a89
\n\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u00b7\u4eba\u5458
\n\u00b7\u6280\u672f\u3001\u7814\u7a76
\n\u00b7\u9500\u552e\u529b\u91cf
\n\u00b7\u73b0\u91d1
\n\u00b7\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb
\n\u00b7\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u65b0\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u58c1\u5792\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c
\n\u7528\u3002\u58c1\u5792\u662f\u6307\u65b0\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u969c\u788d\u3002
\n\u50cf\u6709\u65e0\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u4e13\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u836f\u54c1\u884c\u4e1a\u662f
\n\u7531\u51e0\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u679c\u8981\u60f3\u6709\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u62e5\u6709
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u9500\u552e\u961f\u4f0d\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u94f6\u884c\u5b58\u6b3e\u624d\u80fd\u652f
\n\u6491\u5f97\u8d77\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58c1\u5792\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u679c\u8981\u60f3\u51fa\u552e
\n\u4e00\u79cd\u9887\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u8054\u624b\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u58c1\u5792\u5c11\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u6324\u7834
\n\u5934\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u7cbe\u660e\u8001\u7ec3\u7684\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u505a
\n\u51fa\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5176\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u5236\u8ba2\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u96be\u4ee5\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u518d\u4f5c\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002
\n\u5728\u505a\u5496\u5561\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55
\n\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5e7f\u544a\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u73b0\u91d1\u3002
\n\u6211\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8001\u677f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u5305\u88c5\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5496\u5561\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f
\n\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u798f\u5c14\u6770\u5496\u5561\uff08Folger\uff09\u548c\u9ea6\u6c0f\u5496\u5561\uff08Maxwell
\nHouse\uff09\u4e89\u6597\u5462\uff1f\u82e6\u601d\u51a5\u60f3\uff0c\u9887\u4e3a\u5934\u75bc\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u5927\u7684\u98df
\n\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u613f\u610f\u5408\u8d44\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f9b\u5e94\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u6765\u5206\u9500\u548c\u8425\u9500\u3002
\n\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8584\u5229\u603b\u6bd4\u65e0\u5229\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b81\u53ef\u5c11\u8d5a\u4e00\u70b9\u3002
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u5de8\u5934\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u4f9b\u8ddf\u8e2a\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u8d26\u626b
\n\u63cf\u548c\u5e93\u623f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u90fd\u80fd\u641c\u96c6\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5
\n\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u9020\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u8f83\u96be\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u3002\u884c\u4e1a\u534f
\n\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6e20\u9053\u3002
\n\u611f\u60c5\u7b56\u5212
\n\u7eb8\u5dfe\u54c1\u724c\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\uff09
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u9ad8
\n\u5f3a\u5ea6
\n\u4f4e
\nBrawny
\nNorthern
\nBig\u3000N\u2019\u3000Thirsty
\n*ldeal*
\nBornty
\nCorone
\nMarcal
\nHi\u2026Dri
\nScott
\nGala
\nViva
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b
\n\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u901f\u6eb6\u5496\u5561\u9500\u552e\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u524d\u4e09\u4f4d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u63a7
\n\u5236\u4e86\u30001989\u3000\u5e74\u300095\uff05\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6bd4\u30001986\u3000\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u30005\uff05\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5361\u592b
\n\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\uff08Kraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\uff09\uff0837\uff05\uff09\u3001\u96c0\u5de2\uff08Nestle\uff09
\n\uff0834\uff05\uff09\u548c\u5b9d\u6d01\u516c\u53f8\uff08Procter\u3000&\u3000Gamble\uff09\uff0824\uff05\uff09\u3002\u7559\u7ed9\u65b0
\n\u8fd1\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u8005\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u6240\u5269\u65e0\u51e0\u3002
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u6760\u6746\u7387\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u5e94
\n\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6765\u8bf4\u4e00\u822c\u5229\u6da6\u8981\u9ad8\u3002\u5927\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8d39\u7528\u5206\u644a\u5230\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u90e8\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u529b\u76f8
\n\u5bf9\u5c0f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u5219\u65e0\u529b\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0a\u6216\u6dfb\u7f6e\u9ad8\u6548\u673a\u5668\u65b9\u9762\u6295\u5165
\n\u66f4\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u80cc\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u88b1\u3002\u5982
\n\u679c\u8981\u6211\u8d1f\u8d23\u9500\u552e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u901f\u6eb6\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u662f
\n\u5426\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5927\u578b\u3001\u4f4e\u4ef7\u4f4d\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u6b63\u5728\u8870\u9000\u7684\u5e02
\n\u573a\u3002\u6240\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5496\u5561\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u65f6\u503c1989\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u300018\uff05
\n\u7684\u7814\u78e8\u5496\u5561\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u7531\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u53c8
\n\u662f\u4ece\u30001986\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u300016\uff05\u589e\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7814
\n\u78e8\u5496\u5561\u65b0\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73af\u5883\u663e\u7136\u6709\u5229\u5f97\u591a\u3002
\n\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u611f\u6027\u4e0a\u7b56\u5212\u4ee5\u6297\u8861\u7ade\u4e89\uff1f
\n\u611f\u6027\u7b56\u5212\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56fe\u8868\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f60\u548c\u7ade
\n\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5750\u6807\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u5185
\n\u5bb9\u3002\u5236\u56fe\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5f15\u51fa\u9500
\n\u552e\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u611f\u6027\u56fe\u8868\u5219\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u73b0\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u7a81\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5230\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u6027
\n\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u8425\u9500\u7684\u9996\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00
\n\u6837\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7eb8\u5dfe\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u7eb8\u5dfe\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u53d6\u60a6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u975e
\n\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u56fe\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u90a6\u8fea\u516c\u53f8\uff08Bounty\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6f02
\n\u4eae\u6b3e\u5f0f\u7684\u7eb8\u5dfe\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5229\u6da6\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u83b7
\n\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u9500\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u8425\u9500
\n\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4ea7\u54c1\u54c1\u79cd\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211
\n\u4eec\u8bf4\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u7eb5\u6df1\u5ea6\uff08Depth\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7eb8\u5dfe\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5382
\n\u5546\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u5360\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u72d7\u98df\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0cRalston\u3000\u7684\u7eb5\u6df1\u5ea6\u5374\u4f7f
\n\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u585e\u6ee1\u4e86\u591a\u8fbe10\u79cd\u724c\u5b50\u7684\u72d7\u98df\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211
\n\u4eec\u8bf4\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3000\uff08Breadth\uff09\u3002\u3000\u91d1\u4f2f\u5229\u00b7\u3000\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u3000\uff08Kimberly
\n\u2014Clark\uff09\u5728\u6570\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1\uff1aHi\u2014Dri\u3000\u7eb8\u5dfe\u3001
\nKleenex\u3000\u9910\u5dfe\u7eb8\u3001Kotex\u3000\u536b\u751f\u5dfe\u4ee5\u53ca\u3000Huggies\u3000\u548c\u3000Pull\u2014Ups\u3000\u5c3f
\n\u5e03\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u963b\u6321\u7b56\u7565\uff08Blocking
\nstrategy\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u8fdb\u5165\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u6ca1\u6446\u4e0a\u8d27\u67b6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u9500\u552e\u3002
\n\u5728\u72d7\u98df\u4e1a\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u987f\u516c
\n\u53f8\uff08Ralston\uff09\u76f4\u62b5\u72d7\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u30021991\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u59c6\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff08Iams\uff09\u5411\u517b\u72d7\u4eba\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u5546\u5e97\u9500\u552e\u4e86\u30003\u300225\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u3000Eukanuba\u3000\u724c\u7cbe\u9009
\n\u72d7\u98df\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0cColgate\u2014Palmolive\u3000\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u90e8\u5e0c\u5c14\u5e9e\u7269\u98df\u54c1
\n\u516c\u53f8\uff08Hill’s\u3000Pet\u3000Products\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u517d\u533b\u9500\u552e\u4e86\u30005\u30026\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684
\n\u79d1\u5b66\u914d\u9910\u724c\uff08Science\u3000Diet\uff09\u5ba0\u7269\u98df\u54c1\u3002
\n4\u3002\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u2192\u5e02\u573a\u2192\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u2192\u5206\u9500\u5206\u6790\u2192\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u2192\u7ecf\u6d4e
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u2192\u4fee\u6539
\n\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u628a\u4ea7\u54c1\u62b5\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u901a\u9053\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053
\n\uff08Channels\u3000of\u3000distribution\uff09\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u5230\u8fbe\u987e\u5ba2\u624b\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u6709
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u72d7\u98df\u9500\u552e\u3002\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u5206\u6790\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\n\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5230\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\uff1f
\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u8005\u5404\u83b7\u5229\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u73b0\u6709\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u5404\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u8c01\u7684\u624b\u91cc\uff1f
\n\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5230\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\uff1f
\n\u5728\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee\u5f55\u90ae\u8d2d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u8005\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u6d88\u8d39
\n\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u88c5\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee\u5f55\u76f4\u63a5\u4f53
\n\u73b0\u9500\u552e\u3001\u56de\u6536\u3001\u4ef7\u4f4d\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u54c1\u5473\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6742\u8d27\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\uff0c\u54c1
\n\u724c\u7ecf\u7406\u5219\u8fdc\u79bb\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u5546
\n\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\uff08Channel
\nintermediaries\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7b56\u7565\u5bb6\uff0c\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u5fc5\u987b\u5217\u51fa\u6240
\n\u6709\u62b5\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u4ee5\u5236\u8ba2\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\n\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62b5\u8fbe\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u6709\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u6279\u53d1\u5546
\n\u00b7\u5206\u9500\u5546
\n\u00b7\u9500\u552e\u4ee3\u8868
\n\u00b7\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458
\n\u00b7\u96f6\u552e\u5546
\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5229\uff1f
\n\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u6709\u62b5\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u76ca\uff0c
\n\u5b83\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u82b1\u70b9\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u628a
\n\u5b83\u4eec\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u56fe\u80fd\u4f7f\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u5229
\n\u6da6\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6cbe\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u780d\u4e00\u5200\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bdb\u5229
\n\uff08Margin\uff09\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u5206\u9500\u73af\u8282\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u55bb\u4e3a\u4ece\u5382\u5bb6\u201c\u83b7\u53d6\u6bdb\u5229\u201d\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u4ed8\u51fa\u201d\u6e20\u9053\u6bdb\u5229\uff08Channel\u3000margin\uff09\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u6148\u5584\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5206\u9500\u73af\u8282\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u65e0\u4e0d\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u6bdb\u5229\uff08Markup\u3000on\u3000selling\u3000price\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927
\n\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6210\u672c\u6bdb\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f8b\u5916\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u5356\u7ed9\u5206\u9500
\n\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u624d\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u6709\u5496\u5561\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u5496\u5561\u96f6\u552e\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u5206\u9500\u6e20
\n\u9053\u7684\u8ba1\u4ef7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af
\n\u8282\u8d2d\u4e70\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u4ef7\u5356\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u83b7\u5229\u3002
\n\u9ea6\u6c0f\u4e0a\u7b49\u5496\u5561\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u53ca\u5404\u73af\u8282\u6bdb\u5229\u548c\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bdb\u5229\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002
\n\u552e\u4ef7\uff08\u3000\uff09\u6bdb\u5229\u7387\u3000\u6bdb\u5229\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u552e\u4ef7\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3000\u00d7\u3000SP\u3000=\u3000100\uff05\u3000\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4ef7\u503c\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u53d8\u6210\u5230\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u90a3
\n\u91cc\u65f6\u30006\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u7684\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u70d8
\n\u70e4\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u3001\u54c1\u724c\u63a8\u9500\u3001\u5206\u9500\u3001\u4e0a\u67b6\u7b49\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u8d39
\n\u7528\u5f00\u652f\u3002\u4e0a\u56fe\u5373\u662f\u6211\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u30001989\u3000\u5e74\u9ea6\u6c0f\u9999\u7cbe\u5496\u5561\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u7ecf
\n\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u3002
\n\u5728\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u83b7
\n\u53d6\u6bdb\u5229\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u79bb\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5496\u5561\u52a0
\n\u5de5\u5546\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u3000Kraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ea6\u6c0f\u4e0a\u7b49\u5496\u5561\u7684\u96f6\u552e
\n\u4ef7\u5e94\u5b9a\u4e3a\u30004\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u30006\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5206\u9500\u73af\u8282\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4ef7\u683c\u5173
\n\u7cfb\u5c31\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u5206\u9500\u73af\u8282\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c
\n\u770b\u770b\u5b83\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u4ef7\u683c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u552e\u4ef7\u00d7\uff081\u2014\u6bdb\u5229\u7387\uff08\uff05\uff09\uff09=\u4e0a\u4e00\u5206\u9500\u73af\u8282\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u7167\u5206\u9500
\n\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff1a
\n4\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u552e\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u00d7\uff081\uff0d0\u300223\u3000\u96f6\u552e\u6bdb\u5229\uff09=3\u300208
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n3\u300208\u7f8e\u5143\u6279\u53d1\u4ef7\u552e\u7ed9\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u00d7\u3000\uff081\uff0d0\u300209\u6279\u53d1\u6bdb\u5229\uff09\u3000=2\u300280
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n2\u300280\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u662f\u3000Kraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\uff08\u52a0\u5de5\u5546\uff09\u552e\u7ed9\u6279\u53d1
\n\u5546\u7684\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u57284\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0cKraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\u3000\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406\u5fc5
\n\u987b\u81ea\u95ee\uff0c\u6bcf\u78c5\u30001\u300275\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\uff082\u300280\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0d1\u300205\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u62b5\u9500\u652f\u51fa\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3
\n\u4e48\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u5b9a\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u53ca\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9
\n\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u6539\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684
\n\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\n\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de6\u53f3
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u4ee5\u3000Kraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\u3000\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u30004\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u30006
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee5\u8d5a\u53d6\u4ed6\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\n\u9664\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cKraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\u3000\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3
\n\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u5b83\u3000\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u201d\u3000\u4e86\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\uff0c\u3000\u5c06\u5b83\u7684Gevalia\u548cGarraway
\n\u724c\u5496\u5561\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u8d2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6bcf\u78c5\u30008\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u7231\u559d\u5496\u5561
\n\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6e20
\n\u9053\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u6bdb\u5229\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6e20
\n\u9053\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u6bdb\u5229\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c
\n\u4f60\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u9500\u552e\u6e20\u9053\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5404\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u6743\u529b\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u8c01\u624b\u91cc\uff1f
\n\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f80\u54ea\u513f\u5356\u65f6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982
\n\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u72ec\u7279\u4e14\u6709\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u6743\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u65b9
\n\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u4fbf\u80fd\u5de6\u53f3\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7
\n\u53d6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u3002
\n\u5728\u6742\u8d27\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u90a3\u91cc\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86
\n\u8fde\u9501\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6742\u8d27\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u8f83\u5927
\n\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u503c\u94b1\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8d27\u67b6\u9762\u79ef\u201d\uff08Shelf\u3000space\uff09\u3002\u8d27
\n\u67b6\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50a8\u8d27\u5355\u5143\uff08Stock\u3000keeping\u3000unit\uff1b\u3000SKU\uff09\u90fd\u5360\u6709\u9762\u79ef\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5165\u5e93\u3001\u4e0a\u67b6\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76d8\u5e93\u3002\uff08\u5f53\u3000Mazola\u3000\u98df\u7528\u6cb9
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u30003\u3000\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5360\u6709\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u50a8\u8d27\u5355\u5143\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5e93\u623f\u548c\u4ed3\u50a8
\n\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u4fbf\u53d8\u5f97\u503c\u94b1\u4e86\uff0c\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u4eec\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u50a8\u8d27\u5355\u5143\u4e0a\u6536\u94b1\u3002\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u753b\u56fe\u4e00\u822c\u753b\u51fa\u88ab\u79f0
\n\u4e3a\u5e73\u9762\u56fe\uff08Planograms\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u67b6\u56fe\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8d27\u67b6\u4f4d\u7f6e
\n\u800c\u4e89\u6597\u3002
\n\u5305\u88c5\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u8bba\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u8be5\u73af\u8282\u652f\u4ed8\u8d27\u4f4d\u8d39
\n\uff08Slotting\u3000fees\uff09\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u4e3a\u65b0\u8001\u4ea7\u54c1\u9884\u7559\u201c\u8d27\u4f4d\u201d\u3002
\n\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u50cf\u3000Procter\u3000&\u3000Gamble\u548cKraft
\nGeneral\u3000Foods\u3000\u5c31\u7528\u5a01\u80c1\u64a4\u56de\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5728\u5404
\n\u4e2a\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\u4e4b\u95f4\u5468\u65cb\uff0c\u86ee\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7406\u5730\u51fa\u552e\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4eca\u5929
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\u8d27\u4f4d\u8d39\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u82b1\u6570\u767e
\n\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8d27\u4f4d\u8d39\u5c31\u628a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u6321\u5728\u4e86\u8d85\u7ea7
\n\u5e02\u573a\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bd4\u8428\u997c\u505a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e70\u4e0d\u8d77\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8d27\u67b6\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u8d27\u4f4d\u8d39\u5728\u96f6
\n\u552e\u4e1a\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\u201d\u3002
\n5\u3002\u5236\u8ba2\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u2192\u5e02\u573a\u2192\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u2192\u5206\u9500\u2192\u5236\u8ba2\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u2192\u7ecf\u6d4e
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u2192\u4fee\u6539
\n\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u548c\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8425
\n\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u5c31\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212
\n\uff08Action\u3000plan\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u8fd8\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u91c7\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u7efc
\n\u5408\u6027\u7684\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u65b9\u6848\u5373\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8425\u95004P\u3002
\n\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\u662f\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u8d2f\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00
\n\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3000P\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u30003P\u3000\u90fd\u8981
\n\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aP\u5bf9\u5176\u5b833P\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ea7\u54c1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5730\u70b9\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4fc3\u9500\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ef7\u683c
\n\uff08Product\uff09\u3000\uff08Place\uff09\u3000\uff08Promotion\uff09\u3000\uff08Price\uff09
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u51b3\u5b9a
\n\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u6211\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\uff1f
\n\u6211\u600e\u6837\u533a\u5206\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1f
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f
\n\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u6211\u73b0\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6216\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9
\n\u5404\u9879\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u3000Maytag\u3000\u5728\u5176\u8863\u670d\u5e72\u6d17\u673a\u3001
\n\u70d8\u5e72\u673a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ec4\u91cc\u589e\u52a0\u6d17\u7897\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u6d17
\n\u7897\u673a\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u5c31\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ef6\u4f38\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\uff08Line\u3000extension\uff09\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679cMaytag
\n\u60f3\u9500\u552e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u5439\u98ce\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u9002\u6027\u5c31\u4ee4\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6211\u600e\u6837\u533a\u5206\u6211\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1f
\n\u533a\u5206\uff08Differentiation\uff09\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u7528
\n\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u533a\u522b\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u7279\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6027\u80fd
\n\u00b7\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u2014\u2014\u91cf\u4f53\u88c1\u8863
\n\u00b7\u683c\u8c03\u2014\u2014\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5916\u89c2\u5f62\u8c61
\n\u00b7\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u4fee\u3001\u9000\u8d27\u5236\u5ea6
\n\u00b7\u5305\u88c5\u2014\u2014\u989c\u8272\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4
\n\u00b7\u5c3a\u5bf8\u2014\u2014\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u7535\u5668\u3001\u7535\u8111\u3001\u884c\u674e\u7bb1\u5c3a\u5bf8
\n\u00b7\u670d\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u53ca\u65f6\u3001\u793c\u8c8c\u3001\u6b63\u786e
\n\u00b7\u54c1\u724c\u547d\u540d\u2014\u2014\u6807\u7b7e
\n\u5982\u679cRalph\u3000Lauren\u3000\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u771f\u540d\u3000Ralph\u3000Lifshitz\uff1b\u3000\u5c31\u7b49
\n\u4e8e\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u3000Ralph\u3000Lauren\u3000Polo\u3000\u724c\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u53e4\u9f99\u9999\u6c34\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e8a
\n\u4e0a\u7528\u54c1\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u76ca\u5904\u3002Lifshitz\u3000\u4e00\u8bcd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u82f1\u56fd
\n\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002
\n\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5546\u6807\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u54c1\u724c\u8d44\u672c\uff09
\n\uff08Brand\u3000equity\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u7528\u5546\u6807\uff08\u54c1\u724c\uff09\u6216\u5ef6\u4f38\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b56
\n\u7565\uff08Brand\u3000or\u3000line\u3000extension\u3000strategy\uff09\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c
\n\u4f7f\u4e4b\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5305\u88c5\u3002Kraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\u9009\u7528\u3000Jell\u2014O\u3000\u4e3a\u5176\u65b0
\n\u5e03\u4e01\u548c\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u7684\u724c\u5b50\u3002Jell\u2014O\u3000\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74
\n\u8d62\u5f97\u7684\u6240\u6709\u597d\u611f\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u540d\u58f0\uff08\u54c1\u724c\u8d44\u672c\uff09\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u3000Jell\u2014O\u3000\u724c
\n\u5b50\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u8d44\u672c\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u30001987
\n\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e8624000\u3000\u591a\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd1\u300070\uff05\u662f\u5ef6\u4f38\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u5ef6
\n\u4f38\u54c1\u724c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u8fc7\u4e86\u5934\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u8d44\u672c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6de1\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u6d88
\n\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u9009\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u533a\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u8425\u9500\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0
\n\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4f60\u4fc3\u9500\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u4fc3\u9500\u800c
\n\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\n\u611f\u6027\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u7684\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5229\u6da6\u53ef\u6323\uff0c\u8425
\n\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d
\n\u540c\u7684\u72ec\u5177\u7279\u8272\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u6211\u505a\u7684\u7eb8\u5dfe\u611f\u6027\u56fe\u8868\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9
\n\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bcf\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00
\n\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982\u679c
\n\u613f\u610f\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u611f\u6027\u56fe\u8868\u4f5c\u6307\u5bfc\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8d62\u53d6\u5e02\u573a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13
\n\u7684\u201c\u4ea7\u54c1\u6070\u5f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7eb8\u5dfe\u611f\u6027\u56fe\u8868\u91cc\uff0cJames\u3000River\u3000\u516c\u53f8
\nBrawny\u3000\u724c\u7eb8\u5dfe\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u786c\u8d28\u3001\u8010\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u62ed\u64e6\u4e25\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u4f46
\n\u613f\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u901a\u8fc7\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u597d\u670d\u52a1
\n\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f60\u7684
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f
\n\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff08Product\u3000life\u3000cycle\uff1b\u3000PLC\uff09
\n\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u524d\u9762
\n\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u5bf9\u533a\u5206\u4ea7\u54c1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684
\n\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6210\u719f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4f8b
\n\u5982\uff0cCD\u3000\u673a\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u591a\u5531\u76d8\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76ee\u524d\u3000CD\u3000\u673a\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff
\n\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5361\u5f0f\u5f55\u97f3\u673a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5012
\n\u5e26\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u566a\u97f3\u4e4b\u6218\u65e9\u5df2\u5043\u65d7\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd
\n\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u51e0\u4e2aP\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5730\u70b9\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4fc3\u9500\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u9500\u552e\u5730\u70b9\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u5728\u54ea\u513f\u5356\uff1f
\n\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ef\u83b7
\n\u5f97\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u51b3\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f5c\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5e02
\n\u573a\u4e5f\u5df2\u9009\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u6709\u610f\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u8005\u7684\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6211\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u5206\u9500\u7b56\u7565\uff1f
\n\u6211\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\uff1f
\n\u6211\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u5206\u9500\u7b56\u7565\uff1f
\n\u00b7\u5355\u4e00\u578b\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u5e97\u9500\u552e
\n\u00b7\u9009\u62e9\u578b\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u53ea\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5546\u5e97\u9500\u552e
\n\u00b7\u6279\u91cf\u6216\u52a0\u5f3a\u578b\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u9500\u552e
\n\u9500\u552e\u5730\u70b9\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fdb
\n\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u8282\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u666e
\n\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\u540c\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5206\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4e00\u578b\u5206\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u3000Neiman\u3000Marcus\u3000\u9500
\n\u552e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u9b45\u529b\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u603b\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u9500\u552e
\n\u70b9\u60f3\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u683c\u8c03\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u7b49\u3002
\n\u8bbe\u575f\u5e08\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u53ea\u5728\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u767e\u8d27\u5e97\u9500\u552e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u3002\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u8f66\u7a97\u906e\u9633\u677f\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u5219\u65e0\u6b64\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u4ed6\u9009
\n\u62e9\u4e86\u6279\u91cf\u5206\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5e0c\u671b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u5206\u9500\u5176\u7eb8
\n\u906e\u9633\u677f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u670d\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65e0
\n\u9700\u5728\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u53d6\u60a6\u4e8e\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e3a\u4eba\u590d\u5236\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u9500\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u90a3\u79cd\u90fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u4ee5
\n\u67d0\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u578b\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u4f18\u8d28\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u4f5c\u5f0f\u4ed8\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4ef2\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b
\n\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u4e0e\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u5171\u540c\u627f\u62c5\u5e7f\u544a\u8d39\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7f\u544a\u79f0
\n\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u5728\u5305\u542b\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u5956\u52b1\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5206\u9500\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u96f6\u552e
\n\u5546\u4e5f\u6709\u5e94\u5c3d\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u4ee5\u4f18\u60e0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u3001\u5e03\u7f6e\u5b89\u6392\u4ee5\u6709\u9500\u552e\u4e0a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e49\u52a1\u672a\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u6784\u6210\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u3000\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u5728Ralph
\nLauren\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u7684\u3000Polo\u3000\u670d\u88c5\u7cfb\u5217\u6781\u5177\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u800c
\n\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u767e\u8d27\u5546\u5e97\u8981\u6c42\u8bbe\u65f6\u88c5\u4e13\u67dc\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u3002Ralph\u3000\u63d0\u4f9b
\n\u4e86\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u5f55\u6c42\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u6bdb\u5229\u3002\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u5411\u3000Ralph
\nLauren\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u6b8a\u4e13\u67dc\u548c\u9500\u552e\u52aa\u529b\u3002
\n\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\uff1f
\n\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761\u6e20\u9053\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u534f\u8c03
\n\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u591a\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u56e0
\n\u7d20\u5e94\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ec6\u8282\uff08Product\u3000specifics\uff09\u2014\u2014\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684
\n\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u9500\u552e\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u65b0
\n\u65e7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9500\u552e\u961f
\n\u4f0d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u82b1\u8d39\u591a\u5c11\u8d39\u7528\u90fd\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f8b
\n\u5982\u7cd6\u679c\u548c\u8f6f\u996e\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u5546\u4ee5\u540e\u6446\u4e0a\u5546
\n\u5e97\u8d27\u67b6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u9500\u552e\u3002
\n\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff08Need\u3000for\u3000control\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6fc0\u52b1\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u6709
\n\u6548\u800c\u9002\u5b9c\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u52b1\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5382
\n\u5546\u56e0\u88ab\u53d1\u884c\u5546\u3001\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u5de5\u4eba\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c
\n\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u9500\u552e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u836f\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9500
\n\u552e\u961f\u4f0d\uff08Captive\u3000sales\u3000force\uff09\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u53d7\u63a7\u9500\u552e\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u9500\u552e
\n\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u53ef\u5411\u533b\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u3000Merck
\n\u6216\u3000Marion\u3000Merrell\u3000Dow\u3000\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u67d0\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9500\u552e\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7edd\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5916\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\uff08Margins\u3000desired\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u5206
\n\u6790\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u662f\u4ece\u54ea
\n\u91cc\u6536\u53d6\u7684\uff1f\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u5426\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c06\u4ea7\u54c1\u8f93\u9001\u7ed9
\n\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\uff1f\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u51b3
\n\u5b9a\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u5c11\u6bdb\u5229\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u96f7\u8fbe\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c
\nCincinnati\u3000Microwave\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6742\u5fd7\u5c55\u793a\u5e7f\u544a\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5927\u4f17
\n\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u5e97\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7efc\u5408\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u3000Escorts\u3000\u548c\u3000Passports\u3000\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u80fd\u591f\u552e\u51fa\u3002Cincinnati\u3000Microwave\u3000\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u53d1\u884c
\n\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\uff0c\u8d5a\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u6bdb\u5229\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a
\n\u6b62\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u54c1\u6280\u672f\u4f18
\n\u52bf\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5730\u70b9\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4fc3\u9500\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u51b3\u7b56
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u5305\u62ec\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u9500\u552e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u9879
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5236\u8ba2\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5b8c
\n\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5236\u6216\u652f\u51fa\u4fc3\u9500\u9884\u7b97\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u7684\u6700
\n\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e70\u4e3b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c
\n\u8981\u6c42\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u65b9\u6848
\n\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u4f60\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4fc3\u9500\u4efb\u52a1
\n\u611f\u77e5\u3000\u3000\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u8981\u6c42\u4fe1\u606f
\n\u5174\u8da3\u3000\u3000\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3000\u3000\u523a\u6fc0\u884c\u52a8
\n\u518d\u6b21\u3000\u3000\u8d2d\u4e70\u6697\u793a\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4f7f\u7528
\n\u4fe1\u4efb\u3000\u3000\u52a0\u5f3a\u54c1\u724c\u6216\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u4fc3\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8
\n\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u62c9\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff1f\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5206\u9500\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94
\n\u5f53\u6709\u7b56\u7565\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u62c9\u5f0f\u7b56\u7565\uff08Pull\u3000strategy\uff09\u662f\u628a\u4e70\u4e3b\u62c9\u5230\u51fa
\n\u552e\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u3002\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f\u544a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8bf7\u60a8\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u6307
\n\u660e\u8981\u3000Perdue\u3000\u9e21\u201d\u628a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u62c9\u5230\u5356\u9e21\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00
\n\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u53d1\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u53eb\u4f5c\u63a8
\n\u5f0f\u7b56\u7565\uff08Push\u3000strategy\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5564\u9152\u5206\u9500\u5546\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u65f6
\n\u95f4\u8bf4\u670d\u6d12\u5427\u8001\u677f\u50a8\u5b58\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5564\u9152\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u9c9c\u5564\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8ba1\u5212
\n\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u548c\u62c9\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5e76\u7528\u3002\u5564\u9152\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u65a5
\n\u5de8\u8d44\u4f5c\u54c1\u724c\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c3d\u529b\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9152\u5427\u5206\u9500\u91cf\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u628a\u4e70\u4e3b\u62c9\u5230\u5546\u5e97\u6216\u63a8\u52a8\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u50a8\u5b58\u3001\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ef
\n\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b5\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a
\n\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e
\n\u4fc3\u9500
\n\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20
\n\u76f4\u9500\u5e7f\u544a\uff08Advertising\uff09\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u53f0\u3001
\n\u6237\u5916\uff08\u5e7f\u544a\u724c\uff09\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u548c\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4efb\u52a1
\n\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u91cf\u5316\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u5e7f\u544a\u9700\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5468\u671f\u3002
\n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6237\u5916\uff08\u5e7f\u544a\u724c\uff09\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u548c\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4efb\u52a1
\n\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u91cf\u5316\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u5e7f\u544a\u9700\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5468\u671f\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u5e7f\u544a\u6548\u679c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u4f60\u8d2d\u4e70\u5e7f\u544a\u82b1\u7684
\n\u94b1\u4e70\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u672a\u88ab\u9f13\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u662f\u542c\u542c\u5e7f\u544a\u4e16
\n\u754c\u7684\u7d6e\u53e8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4e70\u4e86\u8d27\u3002\u8d2d\u4e70\u5e7f\u544a\u5c31
\n\u50cf\u4e70\u8425\u9500\u8c03\u67e5\u2014\u2014\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u5c06\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ec0\u4e48\u548c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13
\n\u7684\u4e70\u4e3b\u610f\u8bc6\u3002
\n\u8986\u76d6\u9762\uff08Reach\uff09\u548c\u9891\u7387\uff08frequency\uff09\u662f\u5a92\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e3b
\n\u8981\u91cf\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u662f\u6307\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u89c1
\n\u548c\u542c\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u9891\u7387\u662f\u6307\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u6216\u542c\u5230\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002
\n\u8425\u9500\u5bb6\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u67d0\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a\u603b\u5370\u8c61\u6570
\n\uff08Impressions\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c
\n\u523a\u6fc0\u8d2d\u4e70\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u548c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\u7684\u79ef\uff0c
\n\u5373\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u00d7\u9891\u7387=\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6bdb\u989d\u5b9a\u70b9\u6570\uff08Gross\u3000rating
\npoints\uff1b\u3000GRPs\uff09\u7684\u4e08\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6bdb\u989d\u5b9a\u70b9\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u4f60
\n\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u603b\u989d\u5b9a\u603b\u6570\uff08Total\u3000rating\u3000points\uff1b\u3000TRPs\uff09\u3002\u6bdb\u989d
\n\u5b9a\u70b9\u6570\u548c\u603b\u989d\u5b9a\u70b9\u6570\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u53f0\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u548c\u5ba4\u5916\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u9500\u552e
\n\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6536\u89c6\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u662f\u95ee\u9898
\n\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u5bb6\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u9762\u5bf9\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u6536\u5165\u5728\u300010\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684
\n\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u4e2d\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u64ad\u653e\u5730\u533a\u6027\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u8282\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f5c\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u800c\u542c\u5f15\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u6df7\u6742\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7535\u89c6
\n\u8282\u76ee\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u540d\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u5b89\u6392\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u6bdb\u989d\u5b9a\u70b9\u6570\u6570\u503c\u9ad8\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9500\u552e\u5c31\u597d\u3002\u53d1\u5e03\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5185
\n\u5bb9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63aa\u8bcd
\n\u6216\u6392\u7248\u79f0\u4e3a\u521b\u610f\uff08Creative\uff09\u3002\u51fa\u4e3b\u610f\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u4ee3\u7406\u88ab\u53eb\u4f5c\u521b
\n\u610f\u4eba\u5458\uff08Creatives\uff09\u3002
\n\u6742\u5fd7\u548c\u62a5\u7eb8\u5e7f\u544a\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7248\u9762\u548c\u62a5\u520a\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u6765
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u3002\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u671f\u957f\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u4f20\u9001\u76f4\u63a5\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4
\n\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fc3\u9500\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5370\u5237\u54c1\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6bcf\u5343\u540d
\n\u8bfb\u8005\u8d39\u7528\uff08Cost\u3000per\u3000thousand\uff1b\u3000CPT\uff09\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u6807\u51c6
\n\u989d\u5b9a\u548c\u6570\u636e\u670d\u52a1\uff08Standard\u3000Rate\u3000&\u3000Data\u3000Secvice\uff1b\u3000SRDS\uff09
\n\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u7c3f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u518c\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u5a92\u4f53\u6e05\u5355\u548c\u90ae\u5bc4
\n\u540d\u5355\u4ef7\u683c\u3002
\n\u5a92\u4f53\u5360\u6709\u7387\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u5546\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u540c\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ec4\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u82b1\u8d39\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6570\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u5546\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5784\u65ad\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7f\u544a\u652f\u51fa\u6bd4
\n\u7387\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e7f\u544a\u652f\u51fa\u91d1\u989d\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n\u6211\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u5b9e\u4e60\u65f6\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u540d\u6c14\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5496\u5561\u54c1\u724c\u7528\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u6765\u63a8\u9500\u662f\u9014\u52b3\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5b9d\u6d01\u3001
\n\u514b\u62c9\u798f\u7279\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u96c0\u5de2\u516c\u53f8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u76f8\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\uff0c1990
\n\u5e74\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u4e3a\u30002\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6240\u6709\u522b\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u90fd\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u5934\u72ec\u5360\u4e86\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5a92\u4f53\u90fd\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5176\u957f\u5904\u3002\u6709
\n\u4e9b\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u5f3a\u4e9b\u3002\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8986
\n\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u6210\u671f\u671b\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\uff08Personal\u3000selling\uff09\u3002\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5
\n\u4e0e\u4e70\u4e3b\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\u9009\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5408\u4e70\u4e3b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd
\n\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8425\u9500\u65b9
\n\u6848\u91cc\u8d39\u7528\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u4f63\u91d1\u90fd\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002
\n\u8d1f\u8d23\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u590d\u6742\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u6602\u8d35\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2a
\n\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u9ad8\u989d\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u5e02
\n\u573a\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u6709\u65f6\u5219\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd
\n\u591f\u8986\u76d6\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6c34\u51c0\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u3001\u590d\u5370
\n\u673a\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5747\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u65b9
\n\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u5f53\u4eca\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff08Problem\u2026solving\uff09
\n\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\uff08Consultation\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5fb7\u529b\u514b\u00b7\u725b
\n\u987f\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u6765\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5373\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u3001
\n\u5f62\u8c61\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3001\u9b54\u672f\u516c\u5f0f\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u8005\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16
\n\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u201d\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u9500
\n\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u5176\u4e2a\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u987e\u5ba2\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5f62
\n\u8c61\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u201d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u771f\u7a7a\u5438\u5c18
\n\u5668\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u9762\u6309
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u5728\u300030\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f36\u7259\u4fd0\u9f7f\u6216\u201c\u9b54\u672f\u516c
\n\u5f0f\u201d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u9500\u552e\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u9762\u63a7\u5236
\n\u5c55\u793a\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u987e\u5ba2\u8e0f\u4e0a\u201c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u8def\u201d\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e66\u5e97\u91cc\u67b6\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e66\u53f7\u79f0\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u5982\u4f55\u5b8c\u6210\u9500\u552e
\n\u7684\u201c\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u9700\u8981\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u81ea
\n\u8eab\u5177\u5907\u826f\u597d\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u961f\u4f0d\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u6709\u5173\u6f5c\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002\u9500\u552e
\n\u4eba\u5458\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u515c\u552e
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\uff08Sales\u3000promotions\uff09\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u662f\u4e3a\u8bf1\u4f7f\u987e\u5ba2\u3001\u9500\u552e
\n\u961f\u4f0d\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684
\n\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u7528\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u5176\u5b83\u9500\u552e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e7f\u544a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4fc3\u9500\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f
\n\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f60\u6210\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u5374\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5927\u8c08\u8425\u9500\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u4fc3\u9500
\n\u548c\u9488\u5bf9\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u3002
\n\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9500\u552e\u4fc3\u9500\uff08Consumer\u3000sales\u3000promotions\uff09
\n\u624b\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\u3001\u9000\u8d27\u627f\u8bfa\u3001\u6837\u54c1\u3001\u6709\u5956\u9500\u552e\u548c\u62bd\u5f69\u9500\u552e\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\uff08Coupons\uff09\u662f\u5411\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63a8\u51fa\u964d\u4ef7\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9500\u552e
\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ed9\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u6298\u6263\uff0c\u671f\u671b
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6298\u6263\u8f6c\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5927\u5931\u6240\u671b\u3002\u8425\u9500\u5bb6
\n\u4eec\u7528\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3001\u6362\u4e2a\u724c\u5b50\u548c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e8e\u54c1
\n\u724c\u3002\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u53eb\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u63d2\u9875\uff08Freestanding
\ninserts\uff1b\u3000FSI\uff09\u7684\u5468\u65e5\u65e5\u62a5\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\u680f\u76ee\u91cc\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u63d2\u9875\u9886\u57df
\n\u8d70\u5728\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u662f\u3000Valassis\u3000Inserts\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u5468\u65e5\u72ec\u7acb\u63d2\u9875\u4e0a
\n\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\u4f18\u60e0\u7684\u603b\u9762\u503c\u4e3a\u30001000\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u5b83
\n\u5370\u5237\u7684\u3002
\n\u9000\u8d27\u627f\u8bfa\uff08Refunds\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u6b63\u5e38\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u9891
\n\u7387\u5468\u671f\u3002\u9000\u8d27\u627f\u8bfa\u5e38\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u4e70\u4e3b\u8d2e\u5b58\u6240\u8d2d\u8d27\u7269\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u9891\u7387\u3002\u7535\u6c60\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u9000\u8d27\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9
\n\u6cd5\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u806a\u660e\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bfb\u624b\u6b63\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4fc3\u9500\u6216\u63a8\u51fa\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u4e4b\u524d\u3002
\n\u6837\u54c1\uff08Samples\uff09\u662f\u63a8\u51fa\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u82b1\u73b0\u91d1\u6295\u8d44\u751f\u4ea7\u8db3\u591f\u6570\u91cf\u4e14\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u3002\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b
\n\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5e7f\u544a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u3001\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f53\u9a8c\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027
\n\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9009\u7528\u8d60\u9001\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5219\u8f83\u597d\u3002\u5bf9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u6562\u8d38
\n\u7136\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u53e3\u7891\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\uff08Word\u3000of\u3000mouth\uff1b\u3000WOM\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u578b\u6d17\u53d1\u7cbe
\n\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u514d\u8d39\u8d60\u9001\u6216\u4f4e\u4ef7\u4fc3\u9500\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f
\n\u82b1\u4e0a\u30004\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u4e00\u6574\u74f6\u56de\u53bb\u8bd5\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6837\u54c1\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005
\n\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bd5\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u5192\u9669\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u6709\u5956\u9500\u552e\uff08Premiums\uff09\u662f\u6307\u514d\u8d39\u6216\u4f4e\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u63d0
\n\u4f9b\u5956\u54c1\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u5151\u73b0\uff08Self\u2026liquidating\uff09\u7684\u5956\u54c1\u6307\u53ea\u6536\u53d6\u6210
\n\u672c\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002Hershey\u5b9a\u671f\u63d0\u4f9b\u624b\u8868\u548c\u5723\u8bde\u88c5
\n\u9970\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5956\u54c1\u3002\u4e3a\u6362\u53d6\u7cd6\u679c\uff0c\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u7231\u597d\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea4\u4e0a\u5de7
\n\u514b\u529b\u5305\u88c5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d2d\u7269\u51ed\u8bc1\u3002\u6c90\u6d74\u7cbe\u5382\u5bb6\u6ce1\u6cab\u5148\u751f\uff08Mr\u3002\u3000Bubble\uff09\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u5c06\u5305\u88c5\u76d2\u4e0a\u7684\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\u548c\u54c8\u54c8\u6ce1\u6fa1\u4eba\u56fe\u6848\u5370\u5728\u5ec9\u4ef7\u3000T\u3000\u6064\u886b\u3001\u6d77\u6ee9\u6d74\u5dfe\u4e0a\u3002
\n\u7ade\u8d5b\uff08Contests\uff09\u548c\u62bd\u5f69\uff08Sweepstakes\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u8d4c
\n\u535a\u6cbe\u8fb9\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u771f\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7ade\u8d5b\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4ea7
\n\u751f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u9650\u5236\u8d4c\u535a\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1
\n\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u7ec6\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u6bd4\u8d5b\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u83b7\u5956\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4fc3\u9500\u9884
\n\u7b97\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u9884\u8ba1\u5f00\u652f\u30021984\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e0e\u590f\u5b63\u5965
\n\u6797\u5339\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u5956\u724c\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u7f8e\u56fd\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u5956\u5238\u5747
\n\u53ef\u5151\u6362\u6210\u514d\u8d39\u98df\u54c1\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u5956\u54c1\u3002
\n\u8d38\u6613\u6027\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u5177\uff08Trade\u2026directed\u3000sales\u3000promotions\uff09
\n\u6709\uff1a\u9500\u552e\u7ade\u8d5b\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u9648\u5217\u70b9\u3001\u7ed9\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u4f18\u60e0\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u5c55\u89c8\u4f1a\u548c
\n\u5e97\u5185\u6f14\u793a\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u7269\u9648\u5217\u70b9\uff08Point\u3000of\u3000purchase\u3000display\uff1b\u3000POPD\uff09\u6709\u5f88
\n\u591a\u79cd\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5b83\u653e\u8fdb\u5546\u5e97\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u9648\u5217\u70b9\u653e\u5728
\n\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u4e2a\u8d27\u67b6\u6f14\u8bf4\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u8d27\u67b6\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u4e00\u5757
\n\u5c0f\u578b\u5e03\u544a\u680f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5e7f\u544a\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u9648\u5217\u70b9
\n\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u72ec\u7acb\u5f0f\u901a\u9053\u663e\u793a\u724c\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u8d27\u67b6\u5185\u7684\u663e\u793a\u724c\u3002
\n\u5f53\u663e\u793a\u724c\u653e\u5728\u901a\u9053\u672b\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u79f0\u4e3a\u672b\u7aef\u5e3d\u5b50\uff08End\u3000cap\uff09\u3002\u8981
\n\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u5fc5\u987b\u53d6\u60a6\u4e8e\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u3002\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4f5c
\n\u6cd5\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u96f6\u5546\u63d0\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6216\u8584\u5229\u591a\u9500\u4f7f\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u6ee1\u610f\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u548c\u96c7\u5458\u5956\u52b1\u653f\u7b56\u3000\uff08\u3000Dealer\u3000and\u3000employee
\nincentives\uff09\u3002\u5382\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u800c\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a
\n\u916c\u8c22\u91d1\uff08Spiffs\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u5c0f\u989d\u916c\u91d1\u3001\u4e2a\u522b\u4ea7\u54c1\u5355\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3001
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3001\u514d\u8d39\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u5956\u54c1\u3002\u916c\u8c22\u91d1\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u4ea4\u6613\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u6298
\n\u4ef7\u3001\u4fc3\u9500\u6216\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u5e97\u5185\u8bbe
\n\u4e13\u67dc\u6216\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u9500\u552e\u6307\u6807\u65f6\u7ed9\u4e88\u5956\u52b1\u3002
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u5c55\u89c8\u4f1a\uff08Trade\u3000shows\uff09\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5411\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u3001\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u3001
\n\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u548c\u5206\u9500\u5546\u63a8\u9500\u67d0\u79cd\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u73b0\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fc3
\n\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u65e8\u5728\u9f13\u52b1\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6301\u6709\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5c45\u5bb6\u4ec0\u7269\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u521d\u51fa\u9053\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u52a0\u884c\u4e1a\u5c55\u89c8\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f00
\n\u53d1\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u96f6\u552e\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6ca1
\n\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002
\n\u5e97\u5185\u6f14\u793a\uff08In\u2026store\u3000demonstration\uff09\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u5e7f\u6cdb
\n\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528\u5176\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u63a8\u9500\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7
\n\u751f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5174\u8da3\u6216\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u53a8\u623f\u5c0f\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u63a8\u9500\u5546
\n\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u6f14\u793a\u4e13\u67dc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u666e\u901a\u852c\u83dc\u4f5c\u51fa\u201c\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u201d\u9910\u76d8\u88c5
\n\u9970\uff0c\u7ed9\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u5200\u5177\u6ce8\u5165\u751f\u673a\u3002\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u67dc\u53f0\u65c1\uff0c\u8eab\u7740\u767d\u8863
\n\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u7136\u201d\u7f8e\u5bb9\u62a4\u80a4\u54c1\u505a\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5728\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u91cc\u9009\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u9500\u552e\u4fc3\u9500\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206
\n\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002
\n\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5ba3\u4f20\uff08Public\u3000relations\u3000and\u3000publicity\uff09\u3002
\n\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\uff08PR\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4e0e\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684
\n\u5927\u4f17\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6c1b
\n\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u9500\u552e\u3002\u5217\u5165\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u653f
\n\u5ba2\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u8fd0\u8425\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3002\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5efa
\n\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u53cb\u5584\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5370\u8c61\u6216\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3001\u6216
\n\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u3002\u8d5e\u52a9\u8457\u540d\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528
\n\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u5149\u73af\u6548\u5e94\uff08Haalo\u3000effect\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u548c
\n\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u597d\u611f\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u50cf\u9500\u552e\u76ee\u6807\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f
\n\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u80dc\u5229\u4e0e\u5426\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u68c0\u6d4b\u516c\u5171\u5173
\n\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u7684\u781d\u7801\u3002
\n\u5ba3\u4f20\uff08Publicity\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6307\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u516c\u53f8
\n\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u95fb\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u662f
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u91cc\u3002\u5ba3\u4f20\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u5230\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\n\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u8a00\u7a3f\u3001\u540d\u4eba\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u523b\u610f\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd
\n\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u5a92\u4f53\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u7406\u5c31\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5176
\n\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u6293\u4f4f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u89c2\u4f17\u6216\u542c\u4f17\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b
\n\u4f60\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8f83\u597d\u5370\u8c61\u3002
\n\u5f53\u7f51\u7403\u660e\u661f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u80af\u7f57\uff08John\u3000McEnroe\uff09\u6216\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u963f
\n\u52a0\u897f\uff08Andre\u3000Agassi\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5f00\u8d5b\u4e0a\u7a7f\u4e0a\u8010\u514b\u978b\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u670d
\n\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u7403\u3001\u63a5\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u95ea\u70c1
\n\u7740\u8010\u514b\u8fd9\u4e00\u54c1\u724c\u3002\u7535\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5f88\u503c\u94b1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458
\n\u4e0a\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u665a\u95f4\u65b0\u95fb\u6216\u4f53\u80b2\u7cbe\u54c1\u6742\u5fd7\uff08Sports\u3000Illustrated\uff09\uff0c
\n\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u514d\u8d39\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u5e7f\u544a\u6b63\u5e38\u6536
\n\u8d39\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6bcf30\u79d24\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u548c\u6bcf\u987510\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u662f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u5360\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u7248\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765
\n\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6d4b\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u3002\u6548\u679c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u3000Burrelle\u3000\u7684
\n\u65b0\u95fb\u526a\u8f91\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u62a5\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u9762\u5404\u5730\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u5e7f
\n\u544a\u60c5\u51b5\u6548\u679c\u3002Burrelle\u3000\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u8fd8\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u7ecf\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u4f46\u719f\u7ec3\u800c\u53c8\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u5f00
\n\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3002
\n\u76f4\u9500\uff08Direct\u3000sales\uff09\u3002\u76f4\u9500\u5305\u62ec\u90ae\u5bc4\u5ba3\u4f20\u54c1\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee
\n\u6807\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u957f\u5f00\u672c\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5546\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\uff08TV\u3000infomercials\uff09\u3002
\n\u76f4\u9500\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u4e70\u5356\u30021987\u5e74\u4ec5 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6807\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u957f\u5f00\u672c\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5546\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\uff08TV\u3000infomercials\uff09\u3002
\n\u76f4\u9500\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u4e70\u5356\u30021987\u5e74\u4ec5\u4ec5\u90ae\u5bc4\u8ba2\u8d27\u9500\u552e\u989d\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u30001000\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u96f6\u552e\u603b\u989d\u76844\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\u603b\u8ba1\u67096500\u3000\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5bc4\u51fa120\u3000\u4ebf
\n\u4efd\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\u30021991\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d2d\u7269\u7f51\u7edc
\n\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u516c\u53f8QVC\u3000Network\u3000Inc\u3002\u9500\u552e\u989d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u30009\u300221\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c
\n\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u516c\u53f8National\u3000Media\u3000Corp\u3002\u6536\u5165\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u30001\u300202\u3000\u4ebf
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u76f4\u9500\u90ae\u5bc4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u5272\u3001\u5206\u5272\u518d\u5206\u5272\u3002
\n\u90ae\u5bc4\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u90ae\u5bc4\u6e05\u5355\u76f4\u6307\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u7528\u6fc0\u53d1\u5174\u8da3
\n\u7684\u90ae\u5bc4\u7269\u54c1\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u540d\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u5236\u8ba2\u6216\u4ece\u5546\u8d29
\n\u90a3\u91cc\u4e70\u5230\uff0c\u5546\u8d29\u540d\u5355\u5217\u5728\u3000SRD\u3000\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u90ae\u5bc4\u540d\u5355\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8868
\n\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6784\u6210\u7ec4\u5185\uff0c\u540d\u5355\u8d8a\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf
\n\u5343\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff08Cost\u3000perthousand\uff1b\u3000CPT\uff09\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u7ed3\u679c\u6839\u636e\u56de\u590d\u7387\u3000\uff08Rale\u3000of\u3000return\uff1b\u3000ROR\uff09\u3000\u548c\u6bcf\u8ba2\u5355\u4ef7\u503c\u3000\uff08Dollar
\namount\u3000per\u3000order\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u89c6\u89c2\u4f17\u7f3a\u5c11\u540d\u5355\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff0c
\n\u7535\u89c6\u9500\u552e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7684\u653e\u77e2\u7684\u76f4\u9500\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u76f4\u9500\u90ae\u5bc4\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u63a8\u9500\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u8986\u7ea6
\n\uff08Fulfillment\uff09\u3002\u8986\u7ea6\u662f\u8ba2\u5355\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001
\n\u90ae\u5bc4\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d2d\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u5e0c\u671b\u4e70\u5230\u9676\u74f7
\n\u50cf\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u5fc5\u987b\u4e88\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206
\n\u5305\u51fa\u53bb\u7ed9\u4e00\u5bb6\u8986\u7ea6\u4ee3\u7406\u6765\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u8d39\u6309\u7167\u6bcf\u4efd\u8ba2\u5355\u6700\u5c0f\u6570
\n\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4fbf\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u7701\u4e0b\u4e86\u7528\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u8986
\n\u7ea6\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u521d\u671f\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u76f4\u9500\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u76f8\u901a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u3002
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u3001\u4fc3\u9500\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb
\n\u548c\u76f4\u9500\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u9500\u552e\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5404\u9879
\n\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8425\u9500\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4fc3\u9500\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8c03\u8272\u677f\u4e0a\u8c03
\n\u51fa\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5730\u70b9\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4fc3\u9500\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u6211\u5e94\u5f53\u5356\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\uff1f
\n\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f1a\u56e0\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5206\u9500\u6e20\u9053\u6216\u5e7f
\n\u544a\u7b56\u7565\u800c\u620f\u5267\u6027\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b9a\u4ef7\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u96e8\u679c\u548c\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u8f66\u5728\u6c7d\u8f66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e4b\u533a
\n\u522b\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7406\u7531\u3002
\n\u4f60\u6ca1\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u53cc\u8010\u514b\u978b\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u51fa\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u8003\u8651\u6807\u4e3a\u300059\u300295\u3000\u7f8e
\n\u5143\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300060\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u5417\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5b9a\u4ef7\u5916\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e13
\n\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd8\u63a8\u8350\u4e868\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u3002
\n\u6210\u672c\u52a0\u4ef7\uff08Cost\u3000plus\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u672c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e0a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u3002\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u627f\u5305\u5546\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9
\n\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8ba4\u540c\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Perceicved\u3000value\u3000to\u3000the\u3000consumer\uff09\u3002
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u5411\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6536\u8d39\u800c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u66f4\u6362\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u5b9a\u5236\u87ba\u6bcd\u3001\u87ba\u6813\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u503c\u94b1\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u56e0\u5176\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u6536\u8d39\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5b66\u6821
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u56fa\u5b9a\u88c5\u7f6e\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u540c
\n\u5b66\u900f\u9732\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u6da6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u300020\u00d720\u3000\u82f1\u5bf8\u7684\u66f4\u6362\u90e8\u4ef6
\n\u76d2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u957f\u957f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u56fa\u5b9a\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4ef6\u5546\u54c1\u7684
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0e\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9014\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e70\u4e3b\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u6709\u6240\u503c\u4e86\u3002\u7136
\n\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u592a\u79bb\u8c31\u3002
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\n\u540d\u8bcd\u3002
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\n\u6237\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u6539\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u3002
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\n\u2192\u4fee\u6539
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\n\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9500\u552e\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u30003\u3000\u500d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u79df\u8d41\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u90a3
\n\u4e48\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e7f\u544a\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8425\u9500
\n\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u94b1\u5df2\u7ecf\u82b1
\n\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6c89\u6ca1\u6210\u672c\uff08Sunk\u3000costs\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7535\u89c6\u5e7f
\n\u544a\u64ad\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u94b1\u5c31\u5728\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u91cc\u6f02\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u603b\u6210\u672c\u662f\u53d8\u52a8\u548c\u56fa
\n\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u548c\u3002
\n\u603b\u6210\u672c=\u3014\u5355\u4f4d\u53d8\u52a8\u6210\u672c\uff08VC\uff09\u00d7\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u3015\uff0b\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\uff08FC\uff09
\n\u5176\u56fe\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u6728\u5236\u684c
\n\u53d8\u52a8\u6210\u672c=5\u7f8e\u5143\/\u5355\u4f4d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c=10\uff0c000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u539f\u6599\uff08\u6728\u6750\u3001\u9489\u5b50\u3001\u80f6\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8bbe\u5907\u6295\u8d44
\n\u4eba\u5de5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u79df\u7528\u5de5\u5382
\n\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5de5\u8d44
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e7f\u544a
\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\uff0b\u53d8\u52a8\u6210\u672c=\u603b\u6210\u672c
\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\uff0b\u53ef\u53d8\u6210\u672c=\u603b\u6210\u672c
\n\u6570\u91cf
\n\u4e0a\u56fe\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u751f\u4ea7\u684c\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d
\n\u53d8\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u4ea7\u54c1\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u52a8\u6210\u672c\u52a0\u4e0a\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4fbf
\n\u5f97\u51fa\u603b\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n\u6211\u7684\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff1f
\n\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff08Break\u3000even\uff09\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4ece\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u4e2d\u6536
\n\u56de\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4fc3\u9500\u548c\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u90fd\u5f88\u8d39\u94b1\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6536\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u8425\u9500\u7684\u6574
\n\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u56de\u6536\u6210\u672c\u3001\u521b\u9020\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\n\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u5355\u4f4d\u6570\u91cf\u3000\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c
\n\u5355\u4f4d\u8fb9\u9645\u8d21\u732e\u3000=
\n\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\u8fb9\u9645\u8d21\u732e=\u552e\u4ef7\u2014\u53d8\u52a8\u6210\u672c\uff09
\n\u6211\u7528\u5496\u5561\u4e1a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728
\n\u6240\u62df\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e0a\u7b49\u5496\u5561\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u6210\u672c\u4e3a\uff1a
\n\u3000\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6210\u672c\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30006\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5
\n\u6279\u53d1\u4ef7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30004\u30022\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5
\n\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u53d8
\n\u70e4\u5236\u548c\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u3000\u30000\u300244\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u53d8
\n\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30000\u300255\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u53d8
\n\u8fd0\u8f93\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30000\u300225\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u53d8
\n\u9500\u552e\u5956\u52b1\u91d1\u7b49\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300050\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fa\u5b9a
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u79df\u8d41\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u300012\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fa\u5b9a
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u5de5\u4f5c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000150\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fa\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\uff08\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\uff08\u3000\uff09\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u78c5\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff08\u3000\uff09\u6570\u91cf
\n50\uff1b000\u3000\uff0b12\uff1b000\u3000\uff0b150\uff1b000
\n\uff074\u300220\u3000\u2026\u30001\uff0b\u30000\u300244\u3000\uff0b\u30000\u300255\uff0b\u30000\u300225\u3000\uff07
\n=\u3000108\uff1b163\u3000BE
\n\u800c\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a\uff1a
\n108\uff1b163\u78c5\u00d76\u7f8e\u5143\/\u78c5=648\uff1b987\u7f8e\u5143\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u96f6\u552e\u989d
\n\u8be5\u516c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u83b7\u53d6\u9884\u671f\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u91cf\u3002
\n\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u91cf\u3000\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u3000\u5229\u6da6\uff09
\n\u5355\u4f4d\u8fb9\u9645\u8d21\u732e\u3000=
\n\uff0b
\n\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u300030\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u56de\u6536\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u628a\u5229\u6da6\u6570\u4e0e
\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u52a0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u6570\u3002
\n212\uff1b000\u3000\uff0b\u300030\uff1b000\u3000\u3000
\n4\u30022\u3000\u2026\u30002\u300224
\n=\u3000123\uff1b469
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff08\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3000\u78c5\u76ee\u6807\u9500\u91cf
\n123\uff1b469\u78c5\u00d76\u7f8e\u5143=740\uff1b814\u7f8e\u5143\u76ee\u6807\u96f6\u552e\u989d
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00
\n\u53d1\u6216\u5e7f\u544a\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u6c89\u6ca1\u201d\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6570\u3002
\n\u6548\u76ca\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f5c\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u540e\u6094\u3002
\n\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u6240\u62df\u8425\u9500\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u83b7\u5229\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5496\u5561\u6df7\u5408\u914d\u65b9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c
\n\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u591a\u82b1\u4e9b\u94b1\u63a8\u9500\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211
\n\u628a\u8fd9\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u201c\u6ca1\u620f\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c
\n\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u8425\u9500\u65b9\u9762\u989d\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u73b0\u91d1\u53ef
\n\u80fd\u662f\u5408\u7b97\u7684\u3002
\n\u663e\u793a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5496\u5561\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u7f8e\u98df\u5496\u5561\u9500\u552e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790
\n\u552e\u51fa\u6570\u91cf
\n\u6211\u7684\u76c8\u4e8f\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5496\u5561\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u524d
\n\u6587\u8bf4\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u6e20\u9053\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4e0a\u7b49\u53ca\u65e0\u4eba\u5de5\u9999\u6599\u5496\u5561\u5e02\u573a
\n\u4e3a\u300024\uff1b800\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u3000648\uff1b978\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u96f6\u552e\u989d\u5360\u8be5\u5e02\u573a
\n\u76840\u300226\uff05\u3002740\uff1b814\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96f6\u552e\u989d\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u30000\u30023\uff05\u7684
\n\u4efd\u989d\u3002\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\u7ebf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u3000150\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u8d39\u7528
\n\u548c\u300050\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u91d1\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u3000740\uff1b814\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\uff0c\u90a3
\n\u4e48\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u30000\u30023\uff05\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u5c31\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff01
\n\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f26\u989d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe
\n\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u8d27\u67b6\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u6709\u591a\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u7684\u6211
\n\u5496\u5561\u4e0a\u4e86\u8d27\u67b6\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5496\u5561\u5c31\u5f97\u4e0b\u67b6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u4f1a\u505a\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\uff1f
\n\u4e00\u65e6\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4e89\u593a\u6211\u7684\u8d27\u67b6\u9762\u79ef\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u613f\u610f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ed9\u6211\u4e88\u652f\u6301\uff1f\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c1a
\n\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u4e3a\u5496\u5561\u4f5c\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u671f\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002
\n\u6211\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u6536\u671f\u6709\u591a \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u613f\u610f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ed9\u6211\u4e88\u652f\u6301\uff1f\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c1a
\n\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u4e3a\u5496\u5561\u4f5c\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u671f\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002
\n\u6211\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u6536\u671f\u6709\u591a\u957f\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u574e\u513f\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u8425
\n\u9500\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u56de\u6536\u6295\u8d44\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5148\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5229\u6da6
\n\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56de\u6536\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a
\n\u521d\u671f\u6295\u8d44
\n\u5e74\u5747\u5229\u6da6
\n\u5728\u5496\u5561\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a
\n212\uff1b000
\n30\uff1b000
\n=\u30007
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u5e74
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\nThe\u30007\u3000Steps\u3000of\u3000Market\u3000Strategy\u3000Development\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u3000Consumer\u3000analysis
\n2\u3002\u3000Market\u3000analysis3\u3002\u3000petitive\u3000analysis
\n4\u3002\u3000Distribution\u3000channel\u3000analysis
\n5\u3002\u3000Develop\u3000the\u3000marketing\u3000mix
\n6\u3002\u3000Determine\u3000the\u3000economics
\n7\u3002\u3000Revise
\nNeed\u3000Categories\u2014All\u3000the\u3000possible\u3000uses\u3000of\u3000a\u3000product
\nor\u3000service
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\nthe\u3000consumer
\nSegmentation\u3000Variables\u3000\u2014\u3000ways\u3000to\u3000divide\u3000the
\npopulation\u3000to\u3000find\u3000a\u3000profitable\u3000target
\nRelevant\u3000market\u2014The\u3000portion\u3000of\u3000the\u3000market\u3000that\u3000is
\ninterested\u3000in\u3000your\u3000product
\nProduct\u3000Life\u3000Cycle\u2014The\u3000birth\u2026to\u3000\u2026death\uff08and\u3000possibly
\nrebirth\uff09life\u3000cycle\u3000of\u3000a\u3000product
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\nproduct\u3000and\u3000its\u3000petitors
\nChannel\u3000Margin\u3000Mathematics\u3000\u2014\u3000Each\u3000level\u3000in\u3000the
\ndistribution\u3000takes\u3000a\u3000margin\u3000of\u3000the\u3000selling\u3000price\u3000it
\ncharges\u3000to\u3000the\u3000next\u3000level\u3000of\u3000distribution\u3002
\nThe\u3000Marketing\u3000Mix\u3000of\u3000the\u30004P’s\u3000\u2014Product\uff1b\u3000place\uff1b
\npromotion\uff1b\u3000and\u3000price
\nDistribution\u3000Strategies\u2014Exclusive\uff1b\u3000selective\uff1b\u3000and
\nmass\u3000market
\nChannel\u3000Power\u3000\u2014\u3000Who\u3000in\u3000the\u3000distribution\u3000chain
\ndictates\u3000the\u3000terms\u3000of\u3000the\u3000relationships
\nAdvertising\u3000Measures\u2014Reach\uff1b\u3000frequency\uff1b\u3000GRP\uff1b\u3000TRP\uff1b
\nshare\u3000of\u3000voice\u2026Buy\u3000wisely\u3002
\nPricing\u3000Strategies\u2014Cost\u3000plus\uff1b\u3000penetration\uff1b\u3000value
\npricing\uff1b\u3000skimming
\nBreak\u3000Evens\u2014The\u3000volume\u3000of\u3000sales\u3000needed\u3000to\u3000recover
\nthe\u3000fixed\u3000cost\u3000of\u3000a\u3000marketing\u3000plan\u7b2c2\u5929\u3000\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
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\nMBA\u3000\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u4e00\u8d2f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8bfe
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\n\u6210\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u3001\u6c83\u987f\u548c\u8fbe\u987f\u7b49\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\u3002\u968f\u7740\u300080
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\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e90\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d76\u65f6\u9ae6\u4f3c\u5730\u589e\u8bbe\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8bfe\u3002
\n\u4e0a\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bfe\u5802\u8ba8\u8bba\u603b
\n\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u66f4\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u5174\u594b\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5934\u8111\u654f\u9510\u201d\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u51fa\u8a00\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u5728\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u540c\u5b66\u9762\u524d
\n\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u62ac\u5f97\u5f88\u9ad8\uff1b\u90a3\u4e9b\u6015\u4e8b\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5e72\u8106
\n\u51b7\u773c\u89c2\u671b\uff0c\u4e00\u8a00\u4e0d\u53d1\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u5408\u4e4e\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5e38\u7406\u201d\uff0c
\n\u60f3\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u672c\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8bfe\u5802
\n\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u6211\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6c14
\n\u6c1b\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6f14\u8bb2\u3001
\n\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u9898\u6750\u3002
\n\uff08\u56fe\uff09
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5e38\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eca
\n\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ecd\u4f1a\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\u3002
\nMBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u6210\u4e3a
\n\u6a21\u8303\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u804c\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5546\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca
\n\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u6848\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4e8b\u5148
\n\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u4e86\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u57f9\u517b\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u5546\u4f01\u4e1a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4eec\u5177\u5907\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5404
\n\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4f60\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u95e8\u201d\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u8bfe
\n\u5802\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a
\n\u7403\u4fdd\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u6709\u6bd2\u5783\u573e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4
\n\u516c\u53f8\u91cd\u7ec4\u2014\u2014\u88c1\u5458
\n\u804c\u5458\u9690\u79c1\u2014\u2014\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3001\u5438\u6bd2
\n\u201c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u522b
\n\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u95ee\u9898
\n\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8d3f\u8d42
\n\u5176\u5b83\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u6258\u62c9\u671f\u6cd5\u3001\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u77e5\u60c5\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7b49\u3002
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb
\n\u63d0\u5230\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5047\u8bbe\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u5546\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56
\n\u65f6\u662f\u4ee5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5177\u6709
\n\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff08Social\u3000responsibility\uff09\u3002\u8d5e\u540c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u58eb
\n\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u5c3d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e49\u52a1\u8fdc\u6bd4\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8d5a\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\u91cd\u8981\u7684
\n\u591a\u3002\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u4e5f\u90fd\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u5408\u4e4e\u653f\u6cbb\u5e38\u7406\u201d
\n\uff08politically\u3000correct\uff09\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u5177
\n\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u5e94
\n\u5728\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\uff08stakeholders\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u3001\u4f9b
\n\u8d27\u5546\u3001\u96c7\u5458\u3001\u6240\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u80a1\u4e1c\u6709\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u9886
\n\u5bfc\u5c42\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002
\n\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5408\u4e4e\u653f\u6cbb\u5e38\u7406\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u7684\uff0c
\n\u662f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5f97\u66fc\uff08Milton\u3000Friedman\uff09\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u53e6
\n\u4e00\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u8d5a\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u662f
\n\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u5e94\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u4e2d\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u5e26\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201d\u5f17\u91cc\u5f97\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7a76
\n\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u8fc7\u589e
\n\u52a0\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u6fc0\u7eb3
\n\u7684\u7a0e\u91d1\u4e5f\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406
\n\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5f17\u91cc\u5f97\u66fc\u4ee5\u634d\u536b\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u800c\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u6240\u5728\u7684
\n\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u8bb2\u5230\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e00\u8bfe\u65f6\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002
\n\u5b66\u6821\u8bb2\u6388\u6b64\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9
\n\u6027\uff08Relativism\uff09\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206\u6790\uff08Stakeholder\u3000analysis\uff09\u3002
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u7b56\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee
\n\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206\u6790\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5e94
\n\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5224
\n\u5b9a\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u5373\u9519\u3001\u975e\u6076\u5373\u5584\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u5e76\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u767d\u5206
\n\u660e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u575a\u6301\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bc4
\n\u5224\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u56e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9
\n\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u8bba\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7a98\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u75db\u5fc3\u75be\u9996\u5c31
\n\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u8bb2\u6388\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u4f60\u9700
\n\u8981\u8ba4\u6e05\u5b83\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\n\u5e7c\u7a1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027
\n\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027
\n\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027
\n\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027
\n\u5e7c\u7a1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff08Naive\u3000relativism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1
\n\u53d6\u820d\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u505a\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u56e0\u7d20\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53
\n\u4e8b\u4eba\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6709\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u535a\u767b\uff08Borden\uff09
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u77e5\u96c0\u5de2\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u5f80\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a8
\n\u9500\u6709\u5bb3\u5a74\u513f\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5bf9\u96c0\u5de2\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u7ecf
\n\u7406\u505a\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u3002
\n\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff08Role\u3000relativism\uff09\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u5728\u516c
\n\u4f17\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d
\n\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u81ea\u8eab\u89d2\u5ea6\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u6e14\u4e1a
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8001\u677f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6e14\u7f51\u610f\u5916\u6355\u6740\u6d77\u8c5a\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e3a\u603b\u88c1\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u5f71\u54cd
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3002
\n\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff08Social\u3000relativism\uff09\u548c\u5e7c\u7a1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u4eba
\n\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u505a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u3002\u201c\u884c\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u6cd5\u201d\u3001
\n\u201c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u3001\u201c\u804c\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u201d
\n\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u884c\u4e1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u6cd5\u201d
\n\u4f7f\u7ae5\u5de5\u6cd5\u5f62\u540c\u865a\u8bbe\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u7167\u96c7\u7ae5\u5de5\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u673a
\n\u4f1a\u3002
\n\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff08Cultural\u3000relativism\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u901a\u7528
\n\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u51c6\u8bc4\u5224\u522b\u56fd\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u53c8\u600e\u80fd\u6307\u624b\u5212\u811a\u5984
\n\u52a0\u8bc4\u5224\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u201c\u5165\u4e61\u968f\u4fd7\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5427\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645
\n\u5316\u5546\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u8de8
\n\u56fd\u6027\u516c\u53f8\u9075\u5faa\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u5c31\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\u3002
\n\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u4e0d\u8981\u6cbf\u7528\u6240\u5728\u56fd\u5546
\n\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7167\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u884c\u8d3f\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u30001977\u3000\u5e74
\n\u6d77\u5916\u8d2a\u6c61\u6cd5\uff08The\u3000Foreign\u3000Corrupt\u3000Practices\u3000Act\u3000of\u30001977\uff09
\n\u660e\u786e\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u719f\u89c6\u65e0\u7779\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d85\u51fa\u73b0
\n\u6709\u5e38\u89c4\u601d\u8def\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u805a\u4f1a
\n\u65f6\u8c08\u8bba\u7684 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6709\u5e38\u89c4\u601d\u8def\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u805a\u4f1a
\n\u65f6\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bdd\u9898\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b83\u9053\u5fb7\u6982\u5ff5\uff08Other\u3000ethical\u3000frameworks\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6709
\n\u5173\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u9002\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406
\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd8\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\uff08Narural\u3000Law\uff09\u3001\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49
\n\uff08Utilitarianism\uff09\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08Universalism\uff09\u3002\u4fe1\u5949\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u786e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u81ea\u7136
\n\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u80fd\u7ed9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7406\u8bba
\n\u652f\u6301\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d7\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\u51fa\u4e8e\u826f\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u539f\u8c05\u7684\u3002
\n\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206\u6790
\n\u867d\u7136\u89e3\u51b3\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5e76\u65e0\u4e07\u5e94\u7075\u4e39\uff0c\u4f46\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u65b9
\n\u9762\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u5219\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u6e05\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206\u6790
\n\uff08Stakeholder\u3000analysis\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6743\u8861\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3001
\n\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\n\u9996\u5148\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u8981\u91c7\u53d6
\n\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u5404\u65b9\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u7814\u7a76
\n\u88ab\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08Rights\uff09\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\uff08Responsibilities\uff09\u3002\u4f8b
\n\u5982\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u7406\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6
\n\u4e5f\u5e94\u6709\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u9020\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206
\n\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u65b9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u8005
\n\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a
\n\u987e\u5ba2\u2014\u2014\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5728\u884c\u4e1a
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u3001\u503a\u5238\u6301\u6709\u4eba
\n\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u2014\u2014\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u4e1a
\n\u96c7\u5458\u2014\u2014\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u2014\u2014\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u6784
\n\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u73af\u4fdd\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4
\n\u7ec7\u3001\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u793e\u533a
\n\u73af\u4fdd\u2014\u2014\u690d\u7269\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\uff08MBA\u4eec\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\uff09
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u6cd5\u5ead
\n\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u80fd\u5217\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u6e05\u5355\u5185\u5bb9\u538b
\n\u7f29\uff0c\u53ea\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b
\n\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5148
\n\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a
\n\uff081\uff09\u5217\u51fa\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61
\n\uff082\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u5f71\u54cd
\n\uff083\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8d23\u4efb
\n\uff084\uff09\u8003\u8651\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6743\u529b
\n\uff085\uff09\u8003\u8651\u4f60\u5c06\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u548c\u957f\u8fdc\u540e\u679c
\n\uff086\uff09\u5236\u5b9a\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56
\n\uff087\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad
\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u6309\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60
\n\u53ea\u8981\u627e\u4e00\u672c\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08Time\uff09\u6216\u65b0\u95fb\u5468\u520a\uff08Newsweek\uff09\u6742
\n\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bdd\u9898
\n\u7814\u7a76\u732b\u5934\u9e70\u95ee\u9898
\n\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005
\n\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u5f20\u7eb8\uff0c\u5728\u7eb8\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u6a2a\u5411\u5217\u51fa\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7eb5\u5411
\n\u5206\u522b\u5217\u51fa\u5229\u5f0a\u3001\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u4eca
\n\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u6797\u6728\u91c7\u4f10\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u732b\u5934\u9e70\u6816
\n\u606f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u7528\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684
\n\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u6211\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u5c31\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u65e0\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5229\u76ca
\n\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6728\u6750\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u5728\u780d\u4f10\u732b\u5934\u9e70\u6816
\n\u606f\u7684\u6797\u6728\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u76f8
\n\u5173\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5a01\u80c1\u732b\u5934\u9e70\u6816\u606f\u73af\u5883\u7684
\n\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3001\u8003\u8651\u5468\u5168\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\u3000\uff08KEY\u3000ETHICS\u3000TAKEAWAYS\uff09
\nSocial\u3000Responsivbility\u3000of\u3000Business\u2014Concept\u3000that
\nbusinesses\u3000are\u3000accountable\u3000to\u3000more\u3000than\u3000their\u3000owners
\nRelativism\u3000and\u3000Its\u3000Four\u3000Forms\u2014Reasons\u3000to\u3000avoid
\nmaking\u3000ethical\u3000decisionsStakeholder\u3000Analysis\u2014A\u3000framework\u3000considering\u3000who\u3000is
\naffected\u3000by\u3000a\u3000business\u3000decision\u7b2c3\u5929\u3000\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868
\n\u6bd4\u7387\u5206\u6790
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3
\n\u679c\u516c\u8bf8\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u3001
\n\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u3001\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u3001\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u5728\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5404\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u3002
\n\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c
\n\u5b89\u6392\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u6216\u89c2\u4f17\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u8d77
\n\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u5b57\uff08Numbers\uff09\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u201c\u6570
\n\u8c46\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76
\n\u5bf9\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6559\u6388\u4eba\u603b\u5fd8\u4e0d\u4e86\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7531\u6765
\n\u4e45\u8fdc\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u8d1f\u8d23\u638c\u7ba1\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u5730\u7a96\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u6240
\n\u7f57\u95e8\u56fd\u738b\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u5e72\u65f1\u65f6\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u8fd8\u53ea\u591f\u518d\u7528\u300030\u3000\u5929\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u90a3
\n\u662f\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u4e5f\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684
\n\u9760\u63b0\u624b\u6307\u5934\u3001\u7528\u7b97\u76d8\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4eb2\u81ea\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u6709\u591a\u5c11
\n\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u4e0b\u8ff0\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a
\n\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d22\u4ea7\uff1f
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6b20\u522b\u4eba\u591a\u5c11\u503a\u52a1\uff1f
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\uff1f
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u4f55\u7b79\u63aa\u8d44\u91d1\u7ef4\u6301\u7ecf\u8425\uff1f
\n\uff08\u56fe\uff09
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8981\u4ee5\u91d1\u94b1\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48
\n\u4e0d\u7ba1\u559c\u6b22\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u8ba1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u663e\u5f97\u4e4f\u5473\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5546\u754c\u7ad9\u7a33\u811a\u8ddf\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u662f\u5177\u5907\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\n\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8eab\u4e3aMBA\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u66f4\u5e94\u4e86\u89e3\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e94\u80fd\u641c\u96c6\u3001\u5229\u7528\u9002\u7528\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4fe1
\n\u606f\u3002\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u61c2\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u5e76
\n\u4ece\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u7ee9\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u8861\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u4f1a\u8ba1\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002
\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u901a\u6653\u590d\u6742\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u5411\u4f60\u53ea\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c
\n\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u4f60\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce8\u518c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\uff08CPA\uff09\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u73af
\n\u8282\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b79\u8d44\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u3001\u9500\u552e\u5747\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u7ae0\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002
\nGAAP\u539f\u5219
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u522b\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u539f\u5219\u90fd\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u548c\u3000CPA\u3000\u4eec\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u662f\u6307\u4e3a\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u544a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u800c\u786e
\n\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\u662f\u516c\u8ba4\u4f1a\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\uff08General
\nAccepted\u3000Accounting\u3000Principles\uff1bGAAP\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u662f
\n\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6848\u4f8b\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u610f\u4e49
\n\u5f88\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u4f1a\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\u59d4
\n\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Financial\u3000Accounting\u3000Atandards\u3000Board\uff1b\u3000FASB\uff09\u968f\u4e4b
\n\u589e\u8865\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fc4\u4eca\u5df2\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u6761\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5728
\n\u8c08\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5efa\u8bbe\u6838\u7535\u5382
\n\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e8e\u30001987\u3000\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u3000FASB90\u3000\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5bf9\u7535\u529b
\n\u8bbe\u65bd\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u50cf\u897f\u5317\u7684\u3000WPPSS\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e
\n\u5143\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u51c6\u5907\u653e\u5f03\u7684\u7535\u529b\u8bbe\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u5e10\u9762\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981
\n\u6709\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f04\u61c2\u4f1a\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u4ee5\u4e0b
\n\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u95ee
\n\u9898\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5411\u4f60\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u30007\u3000\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u867d\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u9002\u7528\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08The\u3000Entity\uff09
\n\u6536\u4ed8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5236\u548c\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\uff08Cash\u3000and\u3000Accrual\u3000Accounting\uff09
\n\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff08Objectivity\uff09
\n\u7a33\u5065\u539f\u5219\uff08Conservatism\uff09
\n\u6301\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\uff08Going\u3000Concern\uff09
\n\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09
\n\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08Materiality\uff09\u4e3b\u4f53
\n\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8ba1\u62a5\u8868\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5728\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u51fa\u5177\u62a5
\n\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u3001\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u8de8\u56fd\u6027\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGeneral\u3000Mills\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684
\n\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u3000Red\u3000Lobster\uff08\u7ea2\u9f99\u867e\uff09\u9910\u9986\u5355\u72ec\u505a\u5e10\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5176\u63a7
\n\u5236\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u3000Red\u3000Lobster\u3000\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\u505a\u5e10\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u8981\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u3000Olive
\nGarden\u3000\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\u5728\u5185\u7684\u9910\u996e\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u505a\u5e10\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u4e00
\n\u4efd\u603b\u5e10\uff0c\u3000\u5176\u4e2d\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u8bf8\u5982Cheerios\uff1b\u3000Betty
\nCrocker\uff1b\u3000Gold\u3000Medal\u3000flour\u3000\u548cYoplait\u3000Yogurt\u7684\u5e10\u76ee\u3002
\n\u6536\u4ed8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5236\u548c\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236
\n\u600e\u6837\u201c\u6570\u8c46\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u6536\u4ed8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5236\uff0c\u4ea6\u79f0
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u8bb0\u5e10\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Cash\u3000basis\uff09\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80\u6765\u53ea\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6613
\n\u624b\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u7c3f\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5bfb\u5230\u9700\u8981\u4e86
\n\u89e3\u7684\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u67d0\u4e00\u5bb6\u5546\u5e97\u4e8e\u30001993\u3000\u5e74\u4ed8\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74
\n\u7684\u79df\u91d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u628a\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u79df\u91d1\u8d39\u7528\u8bb0\u4f5c\u30001993\u3000\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6210
\n\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4e4b\u5206\u644a\u6210\u4e24\u5e74\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u5bb6\u5c0f\u578b\u673a\u68b0\u52a0\u5de5\u70b9\u8d2d\u4e70\u7535
\n\u52a8\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5c31\u968f\u4e70\u968f\u8bb0\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u8003\u8651\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\u3002
\n\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u6536\u4ed8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5236\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u80fd\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u73b0\u91d1\u4f55
\n\u65f6\u6613\u624b\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u91cf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u672a\u628a\u9500\u552e\u989d\u540c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ecf
\n\u8425\u6210\u672c\u6302\u94a9\u3002
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\uff08Accrual\uff09\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5e10\u3002\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\u662f\u628a\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u4e1a\u52a1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u7684
\n\u53d8\u5316\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u73b0\u91d1\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u52a8\u3002K’mart\u3000\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7531\u4e8e\u79df\u7528\u4e86\u573a\u5730\uff0c\u79df\u91d1\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u6bcf\u6708\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u7684\uff1bBoeing
\n\u98de\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u94c6\u9489\u67aa\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\u8bb0
\n\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5e10\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u3000Boeing\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u6b3e\u9879\u5de8\u5927\uff0c
\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\u8bb0\u5e10\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b6a\u66f2\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u5e38
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0e\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31
\n\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5206\u644a\uff08Allocation\uff09\u548c
\n\u914d\u6bd4\uff08Matching\uff09\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u671f\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5206\u644a\u3000\uff08Allocations\u3000to\u3000accounting
\nperiods\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u67d0\u9879\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38
\n\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5047\u8bbeIBM\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e\u30001991\u3000\u5e7412\u3000\u6708\u300031\u3000\u65e5\u8d4a\u5e10\u5356\u7ed9\u798f\u7279\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\uff08Ford\u3000Motor\u3000pany\uff09\u4e00\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\uff0c
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u628a\u9500\u552e\u6536
\n\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u30001991\u3000\u7684\u5e10\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5f97\u7b49\u5230\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u652f
\n\u4ed8\u73b0\u91d1\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5165\u5e10\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u9500\u552e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u70b9\u5c31\u53ef\u8bb0\u5e10\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u6536\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002
\nIBM\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c06\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u3001\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u6210\u672c\u548c
\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5165\u5e10\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u798f\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5219\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
\n\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\u5206\u644a\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n\u914d\u6bd4\uff08Matching\uff09\u3002\u548c\u5206\u644a\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u671f\u95f4\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u8981\u548c\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6210
\n\u672c\uff08Cost\u3000of\u3000goods\u3000sold\uff1b\u3000COGS\uff09\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31
\n\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u3000Safeway\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u867d\u7136\u4e8e
\n1991\u5e7412\u6708\u300031\u65e5\u5c31\u552e\u51fa\u4e86\u9c9c\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301992\u3000\u5e74\u624d\u4ed8\u6b3e\u7ed9
\n\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u3002\u3000\u6839\u636e\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u3000\u5e94\u5c061991\u5e74\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u548c1991
\n\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u914d\u6bd4\u30021991\u3000\u5e74\u3000Safeway\u3000\u6709\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709
\n\u4e86\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u5185\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1
\n\u6709\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5206\u644a\u548c\u914d\u6bd4\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u968f\u610f\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426
\n\u7edf\u8ba1\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u5730\u64cd\u7eb5\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u63a9\u76d6\u771f\u76f8\u6216\u62d6\u5ef6\u574f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u62a5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\n\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7c3f\u8bb0\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6216\u786e\u6709\u53ef\u201c\u91cf\u5316\u201d\u5176\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u867d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u7edd\u5bf9\u53d1\u751f\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u9500\u552e\uff0c
\n\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u5e10\u3002\u4fbf\u5982\uff0cNaviwstor\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4eba\u5411\u4f60\u53d1
\n\u8a93\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u90a3\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u670b\u53cb\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4e70\u4e00\u53f0\u8054\u5408\u6536\u5272\u673a\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4ecd\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4f1a\u8ba1\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b14\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\uff1aNavistor\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5c1a\u672a\u4ea4\u8d27\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u4e5f\u672a\u7b7e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b
\n\u6548\u529b\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\n\u5728\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u8981\u606a\u5b88\u5ba2\u89c2\u539f\u5219
\n\uff08Objectivity\u3000rule\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8bc1\u7684
\n\u8bc1\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ade\u9009\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u804c\u4f4d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba1\u5728\u5e10\u4e0a\u3002\u8bd5
\n\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u8be5\u8ba1\u505a\u591a\u5c11\uff1fArther\u3000Daniel’s\u3000Midland\uff08ADM\uff09
\n\u7ecf\u5e38\u5229\u7528\u7535\u89c6\u5ba3\u4f20\u544a\u8beb\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd
\n\u98df\u54c1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba3\u4f20\u4ee4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae
\n\u5458\u4eec\u611f\u6fc0\u4e0d\u5c3d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u53c8\u80fd\u600e\u6837\u5ba2\u89c2\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u7528\u91d1\u94b1\u6765\u8861
\n\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u7f8e\u610f\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5462\uff1f\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e13\u5229\u548c\u53d1\u660e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e5f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5982\u679c\u675c\u90a6\uff08Du\u3000Pont\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u30001\uff0c000\uff0c
\n000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u5316\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5c31\u8bb0\u4e0b\u5176
\n1\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e13\u5229\u5177\u6709\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f46
\n\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u3000Du\u3000Pont\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n 000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u5316\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5c31\u8bb0\u4e0b\u5176
\n1\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e13\u5229\u5177\u6709\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f46
\n\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u3000Du\u3000Pont\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u7814\u7a76\u51fa
\n\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u672a\u5c06\u4e4b\u5356\u51fa\u53bb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u662f\u4e0d
\n\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u8bb0\u5165\u5e10\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6216\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u5230\u4e86
\n\u5df2\u88ab\u94f6\u884c\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u652f\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bb0\u5e10\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u539f\u5219\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6210\u672c\u539f\u5219
\n\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff08Probable\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u4e8f\u635f\u989d\u4e5f\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u80fd
\n\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\uff08Reasonably\u3000be\u3000estimated\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e8f\u635f
\n\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c06\u4e4b\u8ba1\u5165\u5e10\u52a1\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4f30\u8ba1\u5230\u516c\u53f8
\n\u4f1a\u6709\u6536\u76ca\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u53ea\u5728\u6536\u76ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\u624d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5165\u5e10\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\uff08International\u3000Paper\u3000pany\uff09\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42
\n1986\u5e74\u9884\u8ba1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u30001988\u3000\u5e74\u5c06\u5176\u5728\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u623f\u4ea7\u5356
\n\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u7b14\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u30001988\u3000\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd
\n\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u8bb0\u5165\u5e10\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c4a\u65f6\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u90e8\u80fd\u5426\u8fc1\u5740\u8fd8
\n\u662f\u4e2a\u672a\u77e5\u6570\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a
\n\u4f1a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u30001986\u3000\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1
\n\u516c\u53f8\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e\u30001988\u3000\u5e74\u6e05\u9664\u57cb\u85cf\u4e8e\u697c\u4e0b\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5e9f\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u5c42\u5c31\u5f97\u8058\u8bf7\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u51fa\u6e05\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u672c\u8ba1
\n\u5165\u516c\u53f8\u30001986\u3000\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u4e2d\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8bfb\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684
\n\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7b3c\u7f69\u7740\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d39\u7528\u5c06\u4e8e\u30001988\u3000\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u51c6\u52a1\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u7a33\u5065\uff08Conservatism\uff09
\n\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u51e1\u9047\u5230\u6982\u5ff5\u542b\u6df7\u4e0d\u6e05\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5355\u636e
\n\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u6709\u636e\u53ef\u67e5\u7684\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u8d1f\u503a\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u6210\u672c
\n\u7b49\u3002
\n\u7a33\u5065\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u6309\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6210\u672c
\n\uff08Historical\u3000costs\uff09\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u5730\u4ef7\u572880
\n\u5e74\u4ee3\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7e41\u8363\u65f6\u5019\u5347\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u662f
\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba1\u5165\u5e10\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5757\u5730\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e\u300017\u3000\u4e16\u7eaa\u53ea\u82b1\u51e0\u4e2a\u65e0
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5c0f\u73e0\u5b50\u4ece\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u4e70\u4e0b\u7684\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u5176\u5e10
\n\u9762\u4ef7\u503c\u4ecd\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u8d2d\u4e70\u8be5\u5757\u571f\u5730\u6240\u7528\u5c0f\u73e0\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u62c5
\n\u5fc3\u7684\u5219\u662f\u5728\u552e\u8be5\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u623f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d2c\u503c\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u73b0\u503c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002
\n\u7a33\u5065\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u73b0\u5728\u5373\u628a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bef
\n\u5bfc\u9605\u8bfb\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u5e93\u5b58\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u6309\u539f\u59cb\u6210\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ef7\u683c\u53d1
\n\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e93\u5b58\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4ef7\u503c\u4ecd\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u524d\u8d2d\u4e70\u65f6\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d39
\n\u7528\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u6210\u672c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u6709\u636e\u53ef\u67e5\u7684\u8d2d\u8d27\u5355\u636e\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGinn’s\u3000Office\u3000Supplies\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5e10\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u66fe\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645
\n\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u529e\u516c\u7528\u7eb8\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u8d2d\u4e70\u65f6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5982
\n\u679c\u65b0\u8fd1\u8d2d\u4e70\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u529e\u516c\u7528\u7eb8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff0cGinn\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u73b0\u6709\u5e93
\n\u5b58\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4ecd\u6309\u539f\u6765\u8d2d\u4e70\u65f6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002
\n\u6301\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u6210\u7ecf\u8425\u6027\uff08Operating\uff09\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8bb0
\n\u5f55\u4e2d\u5404\u79d1\u76ee\u9879\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u6301\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a
\n\uff08Going\u3000concern\uff09\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u5047\u5b9a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u5c06\u6765
\n\u4ecd\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u629b\u552e\u201d\u65f6\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053
\n\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8f67\u94a2\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6210\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u5bb6
\n\u6b63\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u94a2\u5382\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u800c\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7834\u4ea7\u62cd\u5356\u65f6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u503c\u4e0d\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u94b1\u3002\u5bf9\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a
\n\u7684\u65e7\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u9650\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210\u672c\u65f6\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u53f8\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e00\u81f4\u6027
\n\u5bf9\u9605\u8bfb\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u662f
\n\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u67d0\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u5e74\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u79cd
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4ee5
\n\u5f80\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\uff0c
\n\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u597d\u6295\u673a\u3001\u94bb\u8425\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u5c06\u574f\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u85cf\u800c\u4e0d\u62a5\u3002
\n\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u5e74\u5730\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u6cd5\uff08First\u3000In\u3000First
\nOut\uff1bFIFO\uff09\u548c\u201c\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u6cd5\uff08Last\u3000In\u3000First\u3000Out\uff1bLIFO\uff09\u3002\u91c7
\n\u7528\u3000FIFO\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u91c7\u8d2d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5148\u88ab\u8ba1\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6700\u65b0
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8ba1\u5176\u5e93\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u7528\u3000LIFO\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u91c7\u8d2d\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5148\u88ab\u8ba1\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8d2d\u8d27\u6210\u672c\u5219\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u5176\u5e93\u5b58\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9
\n\u6cd5\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u4f60\u90fd\u80fd\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9
\n\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be1\u8ba1\u591a\u7aef\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u5e74\u5730\u64cd\u7eb5\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u3000FIFO\u3000\u548c\u3000LIFO\u3000\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe
\n\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u94b1\u5e01\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5e97\u4e3b\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u679a\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u91d1\u5e01\u3002
\n\u4e00\u679a\u662f\u4ed6\u4e8e\u30001965\u3000\u5e74\u82b1\u300050\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u679a\u662f\u4ed6\u4e8e\u30001989\u3000\u5e74
\n\u82b1\u3000500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u6536\u96c6\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u30001000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u8d70\u4e86\u4e00
\n\u679a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528FIFO\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e97\u4e3b\u8bb0\u4e0b\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u30001\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u300050
\n\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e10\u4e0a\u6709\u3000950\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u5e10\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4f59\u4e0b\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3000500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u8d2d\u4e70\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6700
\n\u5148\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\u6765\u5165\u5e10\u3002\u7528\u3000LIFO\u3000\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e97\u4e3b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u9500
\n\u552e\u6210\u672c\u6309\u3000500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5229\u6da6\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u3000500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e86\u3002\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\u4f59\u4e0b\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u300050\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5728
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u6700\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u88ab\u5356\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u94b1\u5e01\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd
\n\u8981\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d
\n\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u53f8\u76c8\u5229\u548c\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u539f\u7528\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7406
\n\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff08Footnotes\uff09\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u539f
\n\u56e0\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8be5\u5e74\u5ea6
\n\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8dd1\uff0c\u4f46\u9a97\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u3002
\n\u91cd\u8981\u6027
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ecf\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u8ba4\u771f\u51c6\u5907\u540e\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u62a5\u8868\u5e94\u8be5\u662f
\n\u975e\u5e38\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e
\n\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\uff08Materially\uff09\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8bfb
\n\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u81f4\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u80fd\u57fa\u672c
\n\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u4ee5\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840
\n\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u6c7d\u6c34\u7684\u5c0f\u5382\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868
\n\u4e2d\u51e0\u767e\u5143\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5341\u51e0\u5143
\n\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u3000\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u3000\u50cf\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u6c0f\uff08Coca
\nCoca\uff09\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8de8\u56fd\u6027\u5927\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a
\n\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u6211\u60f3\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u5bf9\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u600e\u6837\u5206\u6790\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5
\n\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u548c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u4fdd\u5b88\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4f01\u4e1a\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u6211
\n\u66fe\u57286\u3000\u5927\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u3000Arthur\u3000Andersen\u3000Co\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u65f6\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u5e45\u6e29\u753b\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f53\u6ce8\u518c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\uff0c\u5de5
\n\u4f5c\u4e86\u30003\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u517b\u6210\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u51fa\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4f9d\u7136\u4e60\u60ef\u6210\u81ea\u7136
\n\u5730\u5e38\u5e38\u7a7f\u7740\u897f\u670d\u886c\u886b\u3002\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff08The\u3000Financial\u3000Statements\uff09
\n\u57f9\u8bad\u3000MBA\u3000\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u91cc\u4eb2\u81ea\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c
\n\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8d22\u52a1
\n\u62a5\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80\u6765\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6c47\u603b\u3002\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u804c\u80fd\u662f\u51c6\u5907\u51fa\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u4e86\u89e3\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf
\n\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8bfb\u61c23\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff1a
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\uff08The\u3000Balance\u3000Sheet\uff09
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff08The\u3000Ine\u3000Statement\uff09
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\uff08The\u3000Statement\u3000of\u3000Cash\u3000Flows\uff09
\nDrawing\u3000by\u3000Leo\u3000Cullum\u30001985
\nThe\u3000New\u3000Yorker\u3000Magazine\uff1bInc\u3002
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868
\n\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08Definitions\uff09\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684
\n\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u8bed\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08Assets\uff09\u3001\u516c
\n\u53f8\u6b20\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff08Liabilities\uff09\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u8868\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u9769\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u53f8
\n\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b9\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u719f\u8bb0\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5176\u6784\u6210\u3002
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08Assets\uff09\u662f\u6307\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u6765\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d1\u5c55
\n\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
\n\u00b7\u73b0\u91d1\uff08Cash\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5e93\u5b58\uff08Inventory\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5e94\u6536\u6b3e\uff08Accounts\u3000receivable\uff09
\n\u00b7\u8bbe\u5907\uff08Equipment\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5382\u623f\uff08Buildings\uff09
\n\u503a\u52a1\uff08Liabilities\uff09\u662f\u9700\u8981\u507f\u8fd8\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u3001\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0
\n\u4f9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u8d23\u4efb\u3002
\n\u00b7\u94f6\u884c\u503a\u52a1\uff08Bank\u3000debts\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff08Accounts\u3000payable\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5ba2\u6237\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ea7\u54c1\u9884\u4ed8\u6b3e\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u57ab\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff08Prepaid\u3000accounts
\nor\u3000advances\u3000from\u3000customers\u3000to\u3000deliver\u3000goods\u3000and\u3000services\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5e94\u4ea4\u7a0e\u91d1\uff08Taxes\u3000owed\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5e94\u4ed8\u804c\u5de5\u5de5\u8d44\uff08Wages\u3000owed\u3000to\u3000employees\uff09\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\uff08Owner’s\u3000equity\uff09\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6295\u8d44\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u7684
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u8d44\u91d1\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u8d22\u4ea7\u6216
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u76ca\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u3002
\n\u00b7\u666e\u901a\u80a1\uff08mon\u3000stock\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7531\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6295\u8d44
\n\u00b7\u8ffd\u52a0\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\uff08Additonal\u3000paid\u2026in\u3000capital\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7531\u6240
\n\u6709\u8005\u6295\u8d44
\n\u00b7\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\uff08Retained\u3000earings\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u518d\u6295
\n\u8d44
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u57fa\u672c\u7b49\u5f0f
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u8868\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684
\n\u57fa\u672c\u7b49\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a
\n\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u6cd5\u5219\u56fe
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08A\uff09=\u8d1f\u503a\uff08L\uff09\uff0b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\uff08OE\uff09
\n\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u7b49\u4e8e\u4f60\u501f\u6765\u7684\uff08\u503a\u52a1\uff09\u548c
\n\u4f60\u5df2\u6295\u5165\u7684\uff08\u80a1\u672c\uff09\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b49\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u5185\u8d22\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5207\u8bb0\uff01
\n\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u6cd5\u5219\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u73b0\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u4e00\u5bb6\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u3000Bob’s\u3000Market\u3000\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53
\n\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u76843\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
\n\uff081\uff09\u4e3a\u51c6\u5907\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u4e1a\uff0cBob\u3000\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u6536\u94f6\u673a\u3002\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684
\n\u5929\u79e4\u4e2d\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53f3\u8fb9\u9700\u507f\u8fd8\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\uff08\u5373\u8d1f
\n\u503a\uff09\u4e5f\u5c31\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e5f\u56e0\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5e73\u8861
\n\u4e86\u3002
\n\uff082\uff09\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u4e1a\uff0cBob\u3000\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u91d1\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2
\n\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5929\u79e4\u4e2d\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\uff0c
\n\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\uff08\u5373\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e24\u8fb9\u5e73\u8861\u3002
\n\uff083\uff09\u5546\u5e97\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u8fd8\u6e05\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u7684\u6536\u94f6\u673a\uff08\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u51cf\u5c11\uff09\u3002\u5929\u79e4\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\uff08\u5373\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u8fb9\u5e73\u8861\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e73\u8861\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7edd\u5bf9
\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u65e0\u5bf9\u5e94
\n\u7684\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5e73\u5e10\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u7b49\u4e8e\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u4e4b\u548c
\n\uff08A=L\uff0bOE\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u4e0b\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u51c6\u662f\u628a\u5e10\u641e\u9519\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a\u590d\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5e10\uff08The\u3000Double\u3000Entry\u3000System\uff09
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u51c6\u5907\u65e5\u8bb0\u5e10\uff08Journal
\nentries\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u628a\u8bb0\u5e10\u7528\u7684\u7c3f
\n\u8bb0\u79f0\u4f5c\u603b\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u3000\uff08General\u3000ledger\uff09\u3000\u3002\u7528\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f
\n\uff08Fundamental\u3000equations\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u589e
\n\u52a0\u8bb0\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u501f\uff08Debit\uff09\uff1b\u5c06\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8bb0
\n\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u8d37\uff08Credit\uff09\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65e5\u8bb0\u5e10\u90fd\u8981
\n\u6709\u4e24\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u6709\u201c\u501f\u201d\u5fc5\u6709\u201c\u8d37\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u4e00\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80\u6765\u5c5e\u4e8e
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u51cf\u5c11\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u201c\u8d37\u201d\u9879\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u7684
\n\u51cf\u5c11\u8bb0\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\u201c\u501f\u201d\u9879\u4e0b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u53f3\u8fb9\/\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c
\n\u624b\u5de5\u8bb0\u5e10\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u50cf\u201cT\u201d\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9
\n\u7c7b\u5e10\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u201cT\u201d\u5b57\u578b\u5e10\u3002
\n\u5177\u4f53\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5e74\u521d\u3000Bob\u3000\u548c\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u5c06\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6700\u521d
\n\u7684\u300015\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u6295\u8d44\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u53d1\u884c\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u30001000\u3000\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u7528\u65e5
\n\u8bb0\u5e10\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u7b14\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5e10\u539f\u5219
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u79d1\u76ee
\n\u501f\u3000\u3000\u8d37
\n\u589e\u52a0\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u8d1f\u503a\u79d1\u76ee
\n\u501f\u3000\u3000\u8d37
\n\u589e\u52a0\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u79d1\u76ee
\n\u501f\u3000\u3000\u8d37
\n\u589e\u52a0\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e73\u7a33\u65e5\u8bb0\u5e10#1
\n\u79d1\u76ee\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u501f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d37\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6548\u679c
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u3000\u3000\u300015\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u589e\u52a0
\n\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300015\uff1b000\u589e\u52a0
\n\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u5e10\u8bb0\u4f5c\uff1a
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u5e10#2\u79d1\u76ee\u540d\u79f0\u3000\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3000\u501f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d37\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6548\u679c
\n\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u3000\uff08\u8d1f\u503a\uff09\u300015\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300015\uff1b000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u4e1a\u52a1\u90fd\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5230\u671f\u672b\uff0c\u603b
\n\u7ed3\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u201c\u79d1\u76ee\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u671f\u672b\u51c0\u503c\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e73\u8861\u8868\u5c31\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73
\n\u8861\u7684\uff08A=L\uff0bOE\uff09
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u4ee5\u6742\u8d27\u7ad9\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7ed3
\n\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u3002
\nBob’s\u3000Market\uff08Fairway\uff1bKansas\uff09
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868
\n\u622a\u6b621992\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5
\n\uff08\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff09
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6d41\u52a8 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u679c\u5982\u4f55\u3002
\nBob’s\u3000Market\uff08Fairway\uff1bKansas\uff09
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868
\n\u622a\u6b621992\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5
\n\uff08\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff09
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300080\uff1b000
\n\u5e94\u6536\u6b3e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300010\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u4ed8\u5de5\u8d44\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\uff1b000
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u7eb3\u7a0e\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30002\uff1b000
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u5408\u8ba1\u3000\u3000\u3000115\uff1b000\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u5408\u8ba187\uff1b000\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u957f\u671f\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u975e\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u503a\uff08\u975e\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\uff09
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300030\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300010\uff1b000
\n\u51cf\u4e00\u5e74\u7d2f\u8ba1\u6298\u65e7\uff083\uff1b000\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d1f\u503a\u5408\u8ba1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300097\uff1b000
\n\u51c0\u957f\u671f\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300027\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53d1\u884c\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300015\uff1b000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53d1\u884c\uff081000\u80a1\uff09
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300030\uff1b000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300045\uff1b000
\n\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u3000142\uff1b000\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u603b\u8d1f\u503a\u53ca\u80a1\u4e1c142\uff1b000\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6743\u76ca
\nBob\u3000\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u96f6\u552e\u4e1a\u548c\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4ee3\u8868
\n\u6027\u3002\u6709\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u8bfb\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7b49\u4e8e\u603b\u8d1f
\n\u503a\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u65e5\u8bb0\u5e10\u4e2d\u501f\u3001\u8d37\u7684\u8bb0\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e73\u8861
\n\u8868\u662f\u6307\u622a\u6b62\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5982\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u300012\u3000\u6708\u300031\u3000\u65e5\u3002\u867d
\n\u7136\u7531\u4e8e\u4e70\u3001\u5356\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e73\u8861
\n\u8868\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u503a\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u7b80\u77ed
\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff1a\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5212\u5206
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u5747\u6309\u5404\u81ea\u6d41
\n\u52a8\u6027\uff08Liquidity\uff09\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u6700\u5177\u6709\u6d41
\n\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u662f\u6307\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d8\u73b0\uff08\u73b0\u91d1\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u73b0\u91d1\u3001
\n\u5e94\u6536\u6b3e\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\uff08Current\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ecf\u8425\u671f\u5185\u3000\uff08\u901a
\n\u5e38\u6307\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\u6613\u4e8e\u53d8\u73b0\uff08\u5373\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bbe
\n\u5907\u4e0d\u6613\u8f7b\u6613\u5356\u6389\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5f52\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c\u975e\u6d41
\n\u52a8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08Noncurrent\u3000asset\uff1bNCA\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u5217\u5728\u6d41
\n\u52a8\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\uff08\u53c2\u9605BobR\u3000\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\uff09\u3002
\n\u5c31\u8d1f\u503a\u7c7b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b20\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u7684\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3001\u6b20\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4ee5\u53ca
\n\u5e94\u7f34\u7a0e\u91d1\u5747\u5c5e\u8d1f\u503a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u77ed\u671f\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u9700\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u4ed8\u6e05\u3002\u94f6
\n\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u662f\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6216\u975e\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u3000\uff08Noncurrent
\nliability\uff1bNCL\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u8fd8\u6b3e\u671f\u9650\u3002
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\uff08Working\u3000capital\uff09\u662f\u4f1a\u8ba1\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\uff0c
\n\u662f\u6307\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u3002\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u6700\u5177\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u80fd\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u662f\u6307\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6d41\u52a8
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u3002\u8861\u91cf\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u51c0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\uff08Net
\nworking\u3000capital\uff09\u662f\u7528\u603b\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u51cf\u603b\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u2026\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a=\u51c0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u5728\u3000Bob\u3000\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u51c0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u603b\u989d\u4e3a\u300028\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e
\n\u5143\uff08115\uff1b000\u202687\uff1b000\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cBob\u3000\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u507f\u8fd8
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u3002\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u51c0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6742\u8d27
\n\u5e97\u7684\u4fe1\u8d37\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u8d77\u503a\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6536\u8d2d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u5206
\n\u6790\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e97\u4e3b\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u624b\u91cc\u538b\u8d27\u592a
\n\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6536\u94f6\u673a\u91cc\u5b58\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u4e5f\u592a\u591a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u4f1a
\n\u964d\u4f4e\u5e93\u5b58\u548c\u624b\u4e2d\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u5c06\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u94b1\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u7ea2\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0
\n\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u91cf\u624d\u5408\u7406\uff1f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6743\u76ca\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f
\n\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u662f\u6307\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u80a1\u4e1c\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8d23
\n\u4efb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u6839\u636e\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u597d\u574f\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\u5e26\u6765\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u80a1\u4e1c
\n\u6743\u76ca\u4e0d\u50cf\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u90a3\u6837\u6709\u671f\u6ee1\u548c\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5229\u606f\u7684\u9644\u5e26\u8981
\n\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5728\u8d1f\u503a\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u80a1\u4e1c\u53ea\u6709
\n\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u503a\u52a1\u5168\u90e8\u4ed8\u6e05\u540e\u65b9\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684
\n\u6536\u76ca\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u3002\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8d77\u503a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a
\n\u88ab\u8feb\u7834\u4ea7\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u662f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u51fa\u7ed9\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa
\n\u73b0\u7834\u4ea7\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u76c8\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u5219\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u80a1
\n\u4e1c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5931\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8eab\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u5c06\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b49\u5f0f\u79fb\u9879\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u3000A=L\uff0bOE\uff0c\u53d8\u6210
\nOE=A\u2026L\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\uff08OE\uff09\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7\u51cf\u8d1f\u503a\u540e
\n\u7684\u201c\u6b8b\u503c\u201d\uff08Residual\u3000interese\uff09\u3002\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\uff08OE\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u51c0
\n\u503c\u201d\uff08Net\u3000worth\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u507f\u8fd8\u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u540e\u7684\u201c\u51c0\u201d\u503c\u3002
\n80\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5de8\u5934\u3000Donald\u3000Trump\uff1b\u66fe\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u8fc7
\n\u51e0\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5730\u4ea7\u3002\u4f46\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c1990\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5730\u4ea7\u4e0a\u7684
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u51c0\u503c\u662f\u201c\u96f6\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5df2\u9ad8\u51fa\u5176\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u548c\u4e9a\u7279\u5170
\n\u5927\u5e02\u6295\u8d44\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u662f\u968f\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u4e8b\u7740
\n\u4e70\u5356\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c
\n\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u8425\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u51c0\u8d44
\n\u4ea7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u4e5f\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u8868\u4e2d\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u79d1\u76ee\u53ef\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u6295\u8d44
\n\u8005\uff08\u5373\u80a1\u4e1c\uff09\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u201c\u7559\u5b58\u201d\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u5728
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u201c\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u201d\uff08Retained\u3000earnings\uff09
\n\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80a1\u4e1c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u6536\u76ca\u5212\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u7ea2\uff08dividends\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u80a1\u606f\u3002\u5206\u7ea2\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7684
\n\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u3002
\n\u5728\u505a\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97
\n\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4efd\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u8868\uff08Statement\u3000of\u3000Owners’Equity\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00
\n\u6781\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u62a5\u8868\u5217\u660e\u4e86\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u6570\u989d\u3001\u80a1\u7968\u5206\u914d\u548c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5206
\n\u5f97\u7ea2\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u4e0b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u867d\u7136\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u53d8\u5316\u8868
\n\uff08Statement\u3000of\u3000Changes\u3000Shareholders’Equity\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4e0d
\n\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u53d8\u5316\u5927\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u663e
\n\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5e38\u7f16\u5236\u6b64\u8868\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u53d8
\n\u5316\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u635f\u76ca\u8868\u524d\uff0c\u518d\u82b1\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e00\u4e0b\u3000Bob\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u3002
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u622a\u6b62\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u5b9a\u65f6\u65e5\u8757\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff08Ine\u3000Statement\uff09\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a
\n\u65f6\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b63
\n\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u540e\u6709\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\uff08Revenues\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6536\u5165
\n\u6709\u5173\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u652f\u51fa\uff08Expenese\uff09\u5f53\u7528\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\u628a\u6536\u5165\u548c\u652f\u51fa
\n\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5339\u914d\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5229\u6da6\u201d\uff08Ine\uff09\u3002
\n\u6536\u5165\u2026\u6210\u672c=\u5229\u6da6
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u3000Bob\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00
\n\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\nBob\u516c\u53f8Fairway\uff1bKansas
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868
\n\uff08\u622a\u6b62\u523019924\u4e0a12\u670831\u65e5\uff09\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\uff1b200\uff1b000
\n\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30003\uff1b900\uff1b000
\n\u6bdb\u5229\u6da6\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\uff1b300\uff1b000
\n\u51cf\u9500\u552e\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u7528\uff1a
\n\u5de5\u8d44\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\uff1b000\uff1b000
\n\u79df\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000150\uff1b000
\n\u6c34\u3001\u7535\u3001\u6c14\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300075\uff1b000
\n\u5e7f\u544a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300018\uff1b000
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u6298\u65e7\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30003\uff1b000
\n\u5176\u5b83\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300010\uff1b000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\uff1b256\uff1b000
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u5229\u6da6\uff08\u5229\u606f\u53ca\u7a0e\u524d\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300044\uff1b000
\n\u51cf\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001\uff1b000
\n\u7a0e\u524d\u5229\u6da6\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300043\uff1b000
\n\u51cf\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300013\uff1b000
\n\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300030\uff1b000
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\uff0830\uff1b000\/1\uff1b000\u80a1\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300030
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u672f\u8bed
\n\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002
\n\u5728\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d39\u7528\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5212\u5206\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u6da6\u90fd\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u3000Bob\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u6b64\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u968f\u65f6\u53c2\u9605\u3000Bob\u3000\u7684\u5229\u6da6
\n\u8868\u3002
\n\u6bdb\u5229\uff08Gross\u3000Margin\uff09\u3002\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u5f00\u5934\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u662f\u6bdb\u5229\u3002
\n\u6bdb\u5229=\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u2026\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u6210\u672c\u201d
\n\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5176\u4ed6\u8d39\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002Bob\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u662f\u5176\u9500\u552e\u51cf\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e
\n\u6210\u672c\uff08COGS\uff09\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u6742\u8d27\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u6742\u8d27
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u51fa\u76f4\u63a5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u4ece\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u4ed3\u5e93\u8f6c\u8fd0\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n\u5236\u9020\u52a0\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u3001\u539f\u6750
\n\u6599\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u50cf\u3000Bob\u3000\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f
\n\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u671f\u521d\u5e93\u5b58\uff0b\u672c\u671f\u91c7\u8d2d\u2026\u671f\u672b\u5e93\u5b58=\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c
\n\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u4e3a\u8d1f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8981\u4e48\u5176\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u7684\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\uff0c
\n\u8981\u4e48\u884c\u4e1a\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u6cd5\u76c8\u5229\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u5236
\n\u9020\u5546\u60f3\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5f55\u50cf\u673a\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5982\u3000Sony\uff1bHitachi\uff1bPanasonic\u3000\u7ade
\n\u4e89\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u5bb6\u5c0f\u5382\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5730
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u6210\u672c\u800c\u5927\u5e45
\n\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002
\n\u8425\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\uff08Operating\u3000Profit\uff09
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u5373\u7f34\u7eb3\u5229\u606f
\n\u548c\u7a0e\u91d1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3000\uff08Earnings\u3000before\u3000interest\u3000and
\ntaxes\uff1bEBIT\uff09\u3002\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\uff0c\u6263\u51cf\u6389\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002
\n\u5728\u8861\u91cf\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca\u6709\u5173
\n\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8d39\u7528\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u6263\u51cf\u6389\u3002Bob\u3000\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba
\n\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u79df\u91d1\u3001\u6c34\u7535\u6c14\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n\u6743\u8d23\u53d1\u751f\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6298\u65e7\uff08Allocated\u3000cost\u3000of
\nfixed\u3000assets\uff09\u4ece\u6536\u76ca\u4e2d\u6263\u51cf\u6389\u3002\u6839\u636e\u914d\u6bd4\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5c06\u8bbe\u5907\u3001
\n\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5382\u623f\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6210\u672c\u9664\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5
\n\u4f30\u8ba1\u51fa\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u521b\u9020\u5229\u6da6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5728\u3000Bob
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u300030\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u652f\u67b6\u3001\u624b\u63a8\u8f66\u3001\u6536\u94f6
\n\u673a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u3000Bob\u3000\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u662f\u300010\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5176
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u5c31\u4ece\u8fd9\u6bb5\u671f\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u5339\u914d\u5206\u644a\uff08Match\u3000and
\nallocate\uff09\u4e86\u6bcf\u5e743\uff1b000\uff0830\uff1b000\/10\uff09\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n\u201c\u5176\u5b83\u8d39\u7528\u201d\uff08Other\u3000expenses\uff09\u662f\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u56e0\u9879\u76ee\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002Bob\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u8fd8
\n\u5305\u62ec\u4fee\u7406\u8ba9\u4eba\u70e6\u7684\u8d2d\u7269\u624b\u63a8\u8f66\u8f6e\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u652f\u6807\u62d2\u4ed8\u53d1
\n\u751f\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002
\n\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\uff08Net\u3000Ine\uff09\u3002\u5f97\u51fa\u7ecf\u8425\u5229\u6da6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u6263\u51cf
\n\u7684\u662f\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6210\u672c\u53cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u672c\u671f
\n\u5185\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u501f\u94b1\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u4f46
\n\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5728
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ecf\u8425\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u6295
\n\u8d44\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u501f\u5230\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d
\n\u540c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u94b1\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u672a\u88ab\u6263\u9664\u3002\u80a1
\n\u4e1c\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u662f\u4ece\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u6700\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\u7684\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e
\n\u5404\u81ea\u878d\u8d44\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4f7f\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u73ed\u5b50\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u80a1\u4e1c\u8ffd\u52a0\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u94b1\u6765
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u91d1\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u4ed8\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e9b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5168\u90e8\u662f
\n\u501f\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u6263\u51cf\u5229\u606f\u6210\u672c\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c
\n\u5c06\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\u5355\u72ec\u5212\u51fa\uff0c\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u5c31\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u201d\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u878d\u8d44\u201d\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u4e0d\u542b\u5229\u606f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u7a0e\u52a1\u8d39\u7528
\n\u5355\u72ec\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u975e\u7ecf\u8425\u6027\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684
\n\u7a0e\u52a1\u5b89\u6392\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7a0e\u52a1\u8d39\u7528\u4e5f\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e94\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u7a0e\u91d1\u901a
\n\u5e38\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7a0e\u52a1\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u679c\u505a\u624b\u811a\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7a0e
\n\u91d1\u8d39\u7528\u4e5f\u5217\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5206\u5f00\u6263\u51cf\u9879\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684
\n\u624d\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6536\u5165\u6700\u7ec8\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u5165\uff08Net\u3000profit\uff09\u3002\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u662f\u516c
\n\u53f8\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4ecb\u8861\u91cf\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u8d25\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5728\u5c3d\u804c\u5c3d\u8d23\u5730\u201c\u6570\u8c46\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5206
\n\u7c7b\u5e10\uff08Journal\u3000entries\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u51c0
\n\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4ece\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u6263\u51cf\u8d39\u7528\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u51c0\u6536
\n\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u671f\u5185\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u51c0\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u3002\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6536\u5165
\n\u548c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u589e\u51cf\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5728\u8bb0\u5e10\u51c6
\n\u5907\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5e10\u51c6\u5907\u7740\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u3002
\n\u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e74\u5ea6\u91cc\u6bcf\u9879\u6536\u5165\u548c\u6210\u672c\u7684\u603b\u548c\u90fd\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u4e2a\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u503c\u3002\u5728\u5e74\u7ec8\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u51c0\u6536\u5165
\n\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u65b0\u5e74\u5ea6\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u603b\u6536\u5165\u548c\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u5e94\u51b2\u9500\u4e3a\u201c\u96f6\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u51b2\u9500\u65f6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u65b0\u5e74\u5ea6\u505a\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u603b\u6536\u5165\u548c\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u5e94\u51b2\u9500\u4e3a\u201c\u96f6\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u51b2\u9500\u65f6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5219\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u9879\u4e0b\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e74\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u8d22\u52a1\u5e74\u5ea6\uff08Financial\u3000year\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u30001\u3000\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684
\n\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u975e\u5f97\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u6708\u4efd\u3002
\n\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u6837
\n\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff0c\u6536\u5165\uff08Revenues\uff09\u8bb0\u4e3a\u8d37\uff08Credits\uff09\u65b9\u3000\uff08\u53f3
\n\u8fb9\uff09\uff0c\u8d39\u7528\uff08Expenses\uff09\u8bb0\u5728\u501f\uff08dEBITS\uff09\u65b9\uff08\u5de6\u8fb9\uff09\u3002
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002
\n\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u610f\u5473\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c
\n\u6362\u56de\u4e86\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5728\u3000Bob\u3000\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u9500\u552e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u6742\u8d27\u6362\u56de\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u3002Bob\u3000\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u6536\u5165\u548c\u6210\u672c\uff1a
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10#1
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u79d1\u76ee\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u501f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d37\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6548\u679c
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u3000\u3000100\uff1b\u3000000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u589e\u52a0
\n\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u589e\u52a0
\n\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u548c\u9500\u552e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10#2
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u79d1\u76ee\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u501f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d37\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6548\u679c
\n\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\u8d39\u7528\uff08\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff0995\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300095\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5168\u5e74\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u9879\u662f
\n\u5168\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4e24\u7b14\u6536\u5165\u548c\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u9500\u552e\u6536
\n\u5165\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u51cf\u5168\u90e8\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u6210\u672c\u300095\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u5e94
\n\u4e3a\u30005\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u503c\u540c\u65f6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8bb0\u5e10\u65f6\u7684\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684
\n\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u73b0\u91d1\u589e\u52a0100\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5e93\u5b58\u6742\u8d27\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8695\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c
\n\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\u589e\u52a05\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u5e74\u7ec8\u65f6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u30005\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u548c\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u7b49\u3002Bob\u3000\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u5c31\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u8bb0\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7559
\n\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u9879\u4e0b\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8981\u51b2\u62b5\uff08close\u3000out\uff09\u6240\u6709\u6536\u5165\u548c\u8d39\u7528
\n\u79d1\u76ee\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u51c6\u5907\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u5e74\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5e10\u8bb0\u5f55
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u79d1\u76ee\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u501f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8d27\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6548\u679c
\n\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff09\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8c03\u6574
\n\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300095\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8c03\u6574
\n\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30005\uff1b000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u589e\u52a0
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\uff09
\n\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u8fd9\u65f6\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u8bb0\u5e10\u505a\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u5c06\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u52a0\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u9879\u4e0b\u3002\u672c
\n\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e2d\u9500\u552e\u7684\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u6536\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5e74\u7ec8\u65f6\u5c31\u8c03\u56de
\n\u5230\u5de6\u8fb9\u51b2\u62b5\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3001\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u4f59\u989d\u5c31
\n\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u518d\u6b21\u9012\u5ef6\u81f3\u4e0b\u4e00\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e74\u5ea6\u3002\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5e94
\n\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u51e0\u6bb5\u7f29\u51cf\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e00\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd
\n\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7b80\u8981\u7684\u8bb0\u5e10\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb
\n\u4ece\u3000Bob\u3000\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u5e97\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\u6709\u76c8
\n\u4f59\u3002\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\uff08Net\u3000ine\uff09\u662f\u300030\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6536\u5165\u66f4
\n\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u7a76\u7adf\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5229\u6da6
\n\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u989d
\n\u4e5f\u5728\u672c\u5e74\u5185\u56e0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80\u6765\u800c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ce2\u52a8\u7740\u3002\u5728\u5e74\u7ec8\uff0c
\n\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u5728\u603b
\n\u989d\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u51c0\u8d44
\n\u4ea7\u662f\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u3000\u7531\u4e8eBob\u521a\u5f00\u4e1a\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u3000\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u4e3a30\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5e74\u5ea6\u8be5\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e
\n\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
\n\u4fd7\u8bdd\u8bf4\u201c\u6709\u94b1\u5219\u7075\u201d\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u5219\u516c\u53f8\u96be\u4ee5\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u3000Leonard\u3000Inc\u3002\u8fd9\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u5305\u88c5\u673a\u68b0\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u3000Bob\u3000\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u63d0\u4f9b\u5370
\n\u5237\u5305\u88c5\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5982\u679c\u3000Leonard\u3000Inc\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u6bcf\u53f0\u3000500\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u5411\u3000Ralston\u3000Purine\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u552e\u30003\u3000\u53f0\u538b\u5370\u673a\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u5229\u6da6\u4e3a\u3000200
\n\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0cLeonard\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u3000600\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4f46
\n\u662f\uff0cLeonard\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5728\u53a6\u5929\u5236\u9020\u6b64\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\uff0cRalston\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u76f4\u5230
\n\u79cb\u5929\u6536\u5230\u8d27\u540e\u624d\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u30007\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u5982\u679c\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c
\n\u800c\u975e\u5f97\u7b49\u523010\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6781\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u91d1\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u80fd
\n\u907f\u514d\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cFASB\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u300095\u3000\u6761\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868
\n\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\uff08Statement\u3000of\u3000Cash\u3000Flow\u3000or\u3000Cash\u3000Flow
\nStatement\uff09\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u53f8\u76ee
\n\u524d\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u3000FASB\u3000\u539f\u5219\u5417\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u77e5\u9053\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u201c\u6765\u6e90\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5e94
\n\u7528\u201d\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u88ab\u91d1
\n\u878d\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u76c8\u5229\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5012\u95ed\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u73b0\u91d1\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5584\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4ee5\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u8861\u91cf\u6210\u8d25\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53ea
\n\u6709\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u73b0\u91d1\u77ed\u7f3a\u6216\u9762\u5bf9\u607c\u6012\u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u8ffd\u503a\u65f6\u624d\u5982\u68a6\u65b9\u9192\u3002
\nChrysler\u516c\u53f8\u30001979\u3000\u5e74\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u597d\u4f38\u624b\u8bf7
\n\u6c42\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3002
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u53ea\u770b\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5f53\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMcDonnell\u3000Douglas\u3000\u8fd9\u5bb6\u5e38\u63a5\u56fd\u9632\u5408\u540c\u7684\u627f\u5305\u5546\uff0c\u867d\u7136
\n1990\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u53f8\u5374\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u5371\u673a\uff0cForbes\u3000\u6742\u5fd7\u66fe\u62a5
\n\u9053\u8bf4\uff1a
\n\u201c\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cMcDonnell\u3000Douglas\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u7cdf\u30021990
\n\u5e74\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u80a1\u6536\u76ca\u662f10\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c1989\u5e74\u662f\u30005\u300272\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4f46\u7565\u626b\u4e00
\n\u4e0b\u6570\u5b57\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u4e5f\u6709\u5371\u9669\u3002\u6bdb
\n\u75c5\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0a\u3002\u5230\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u8d1f\u30003500
\n\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u2026\u2026\u800c\u4e14\u7f3a\u5c11\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u2026\u2026\u201d
\n80\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d\uff08LBO\uff09\u76db\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6536\u8d2d\u8005\u507f\u8fd8\u6536\u8d2d\u65f6\u501f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u7b14\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6
\n\u4e0a\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u88ab\u6536\u8d2d\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u8eab\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6c34\u5e73\u80fd\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u800c
\n\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u5747\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u30021989\u3000\u5e74\uff0c
\nKohlberg\u3000Kravis\u3000Robert\uff08KKR\uff09\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u3000RJR\u3000Nabisco\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8fd9
\n\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u8d44\u91d1\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4f9d\u636e\u8be5\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8fd8\u503a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u8d37\u4e86264\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u3002
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u8054\u7cfb
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5faa\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6211\u5148\u5411\u5927
\n\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u521d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88
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\n\u6839\u636e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\uff08Fundamental\u3000accounting
\nequation\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff1a
\nA=L\uff0bOE
\n\u8d44\u4ea7=\u8d1f\u503a\uff0b\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca
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\nCA\uff0bNCA=CL\uff0bNCL\uff0bOE
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\n\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8ff0\u30003\u3000\u79cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b
\n\u52a8\u6765\u89c4\u5212\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u73b0\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u9700\u6c42\uff1a
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\n\u6790\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u3002
\nBob\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868
\n\uff081992\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u81f312\u670831\u65e5\uff09
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\n\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300030\uff1b000
\n\u52a0\uff1a\u975e\u73b0\u91d1\u6210\u672c
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\nMBA\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3002
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\n\u6da6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u505a\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c
\n\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53d8\u6210\u6536\u4ed8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5236\u3002
\n\u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u8c03\u6574\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u73b0\u91d1\u9879\u6210\u672c
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5728
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u6263\u51cf\u7684\u975e\u73b0\u91d1\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u90fd\u5e94\u88ab\u52a0\u56de\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u5df2\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u201c\u6298\u65e7\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u5e76\u672a\u62ff\u8d70\u3002Bob\u3000\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u624b\u63a8\u8f66\u3001\u6536\u94f6\u673a\u548c\u8d27\u67b6\u65f6\u7528
\n\u8fc7\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u6298\u65e7\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u6210\u672c\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u6765\u628a\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u8d39\u7528\u4e0e\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u5e26
\n\u6765\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6298\u65e7\u8d39\u7528\u518d\u52a0\u56de\u6765\u3002\u73b0
\n\u91d1\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u7528\u53bb\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u6295\u8d44
\n\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u505a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002
\n\u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8c03\u6574\u51c0\u5229\u6da6
\n\u53d7\u7ecf\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u589e\u51cf
\n\u5bf9\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u5bf9\u73b0
\n\u91d1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u5f53\u3000Bob\u3000\u589e\u52a0\u50cf\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u8d27\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u8d2d\u8d27\u6e90
\n\u5c31\u7528\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u9879\u662f\u51cf\u9879\uff1b\u5f53\u8d4a
\n\u5e10\u7ed9\u987e\u5ba2\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6536\u5230\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u62d6\u540e\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8
\n\u5206\u4ed6\u672c\u53ef\u7528\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u51cf\u9879\u3002
\n\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e93\u5b58\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5373\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u3000Bob\u3000\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6536\u5165\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u6536\u6b3e\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5373\u987e\u5ba2\u53ca\u65f6\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u6709\u4e86
\n\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6536\u5165\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff01\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u589e\u52a0\u5360\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u51cf\u5c11\u5e26\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u3002
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u3000Bob\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e
\n\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u90a3\u91cc\u8d4a\u5e10\u300080\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002Bob\u3000\u6b20\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u548c\u96c7
\n\u5458\u5927\u7b14\u94b1\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4ece? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u90a3\u91cc\u8d4a\u5e10\u300080\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002Bob\u3000\u6b20\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u548c\u96c7
\n\u5458\u5927\u7b14\u94b1\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4ece\u522b\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u8d4a\u5e10\uff08\u4fe1\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u73b0\u91d1\u7528
\n\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u3000Bob
\n\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed8\u6b3e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u624b\u4e2d
\n\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff01\u8d1f\u503a\u589e\u52a0\u80fd\u589e\u591a\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u8d1f\u503a\u51cf\u5c11\u4f1a\u7528\u53bb\u73b0\u91d1\u3002
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e74\u5ea6\u5185\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u51c0\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7528\u671f\u672b\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f
\n\u503a\u51cf\u53bb\u671f\u521d\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u3000Bob\u3000\u5728\u7b2c
\n\u4e00\u5e74\u671f\u521d\u7684\u4f59\u989d\u5747\u4e3a\u96f6\uff08\u4e3a\u7b80\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u671f\u672b\u4f59\u989d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5
\n\u5e74\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u3002\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u9879\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u201c\u6765\u6e90\u201d\u9879\u3002
\n\u5047\u5b9a\u3000Bob\u3000\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u627e\u5230\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u5bf9\u7167\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u9879
\n\u4e0b\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u52a0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u4e8e\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5168
\n\u90fd\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4e86\uff01
\n\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u8ba8
\n\u8bba\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u957f\u671f\u6295\u8d44\u4e2d\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u7528\u9014\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u90e8\u5206\u73b0\u91d1\u65b9\u9762\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f80
\n\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u51fa\u552e\u8bf8\u5982\u5382\u623f\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44
\n\u4ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d
\n\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u3000Bob\u3000\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u53bb\u300030\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684
\n\u6295\u8d44\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u5e97\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u552e\u51fa\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u5c31
\n\u5c06\u5728\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5bf9\u7167\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44
\n\u4ea7\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620
\n\u7684\u3002
\n\u878d\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8981\u4e48\u501f\u94b1\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4ece\u6295\u8d44
\n\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u7b79\u8d44\u3002\u501f\u6b3e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u80fd
\n\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u4f1a\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u9879\u4e0b
\n\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\nBob\u3000\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u300010\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u603b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u201d\u4ece\u30000\u3000\u589e\u81f3\u300010\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u662f\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6765
\n\u6e90\u3002\u5f53\u5546\u5e97\u507f\u8fd8\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u878d\u8d44\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f5c
\n\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u800c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\n\u53c2\u7167\u3000Bob\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u4e00\u9879\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002\u8d44
\n\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u51fa\u8d44\u300015\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u73b0\u91d1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u542f\u8fd0\u8d44
\n\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u53d1\u884c\u201c\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41
\n\u91cf\u8868\u4e0a\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\uff08RE\uff09\u3002\u524d\u9762
\n\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u5728\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5185\u7559\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ea2
\n\u5229\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u7559\u5b58\u6536\u76ca\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002Bob\u3000\u548c\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u51b3\u5b9a
\n\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c06\u6536\u76ca\u201c\u7559\u201d\u5728\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u878d\u8d44\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u672a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u7ea2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u5206\u7ea2\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9879\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\uff0cBob\u6bd4\u5e74\u521d\u65f6\u591a\u4e86\u30005\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4e00\u65e6\u7f16\u5236\u597d\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u9000\u56de\u4e00\u6b65\u770b\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d
\n\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8f6c\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u51c0\u53d8
\n\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u4e2d\u5e95\u90e8\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u867d\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u7b80\u5355\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0cArthur\u3000Andersen\u3000&\u3000Co\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u6ce8
\n\u518c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5f04\u901a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f60
\n\u73b0\u5728\u61c2\u4e86\u3002\u5bf9\u3000MBA\u3000\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u73b0\u91d1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd
\n\u8981\u7684\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u770b\u4f3c\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u987b\u9760\u5927\u91cf\u4e3e\u503a\u501f\u6b3e\u65b9\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\uff1f
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5927\u91cf\u5360\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5229
\n\u6da6\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u548c\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u90fd\u56de\u7b54\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd
\n\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6536\u76ca\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u5728\u8c03\u6574\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8
\n\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u8868\u660e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u8d44\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4e4b
\n\u7c7b\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e0a\uff1f\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0d\u65ad\u9700\u6c42\u73b0\u91d1\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u51fa
\n\u552e\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7\uff1f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u6295\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u80fd\u88ab\u53cd\u6620\u51fa
\n\u6765\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u5d29\u6e83\u8fb9\u7f18\u6323\u624e\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u9760\u53d8\u5356\u8d44\u4ea7\u60e8\u6de1\u7ecf\u8425\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b79\u96c6\u6025\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\u8870\u843d\u5230\u53d8\u5356\u5176\u5341
\n\u5206\u8d5a\u94b1\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u822a\u7ebf\u7ed9\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\uff0c\u6cdb\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u30001992
\n\u5e74\u5ba3\u544a\u7834\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u7ecf\u8425\u5df2\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c42
\n\u52a9\u4e8e\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\uff1f\u4ece\u878d\u8d44\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u3002
\n\u5728Bob\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5373\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u4e86\u94b1\uff0c\u53c8\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94b1\u6295\u4e86\u8d44\u3002
\n\u65e0\u8bba\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a
\n\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u597d\u574f\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u4e8b\u91d1\u878d\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6
\n\u5185\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\uff1a
\n\u8d44\u4ea7=\u8d1f\u503a\uff0b\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u4ea7\u3001\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca
\n\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8be5\u5e74\u5ea6\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f15
\n\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u8fd93\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e73\u8861\u8868\u548c\u8be5\u5e74\u5ea6\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5206\u7c7b\u5e10\u603b\u662f\u5e73
\n\u8861\u7684\u3002\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u4f1a\u7275\u52a8\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u5c31\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u795d\u8d3a\u4f60\uff01
\n\u7528\u6bd4\u7387\u5206\u6790\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868
\n\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5236\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u638c\u63e1\u6bd4
\n\u7387\uff08Ratios\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u672c\u8eab\u7684
\n\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5206\u6790
\n\u51fa\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1
\n\u606f\u3002\u5728\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u5fc5\u987b
\n\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u73e0\u5b9d\u5e97\u9500\u552e\u989d\u867d\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u90fd\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u6bd4\u7387\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6bd4\u8f83
\n\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u6216\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684
\n\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u6bd4\u7387\u4e3b\u8981\u67094\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a
\n\u8861\u91cf\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u624b\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u73b0\u7528\u6765\u507f\u503a\u3002
\n\u8861\u91cf\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u8d1f\u503a\u5f88\u91cd\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7b79\u63aa\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6765
\n\u81ea\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5417\uff1f\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u4f55\u7b79\u63aa\u8d44\u91d1\uff1f
\n\u8861\u91cf\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b89\u6392\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u7406\u5417\uff1f\uff08MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e0d
\n\u4ec5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5b89\u6392\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff09
\n\u8861\u91cf\u76c8\u5229\u6027\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u3001\u9500\u552e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\n\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6709\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u79bb
\n\u4e0d\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff04\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7387\u4e2d\u5f52\u7eb3\u76848\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6bd4\u7387\u3002
\n\u7528\u3000Bob\u3000\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u30008\u3000\u79cd\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u73b0\u5217
\n\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u53d8\u73b0\u6bd4\u7387\uff08Liquid\u3000Ratios\uff09
\n1\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000=\u3000\u53d8\u73b0\u6bd4\u7387\u3000\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fd8\u5e10\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u7387\u5927\u4e8e\u30001\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u6e05\u507f
\n\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u4f59\u529b\u4ece\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5b89\u6392\u652f\u4ed8\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u3002
\n115\uff1b000
\n87\uff1b000
\n=\u30001\u300232
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u7387\uff08Capitalization\u3000Ratios\uff09
\n2\u3002\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u3000\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ea7\u6743\u6bd4\u3000\u603b\u8d1f\u503a\u3000\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u3000\uff08\u3000\uff09\u3000=
\n\uff0b
\n142\uff1b000
\n5\uff1b000
\n=\u30003\u3002155
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u9ad8\u51fa\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u6760
\n\u6746\u7ecf\u8425\uff08\u8d1f\u503a\u7ecf\u8425\uff09\uff08Leveraged\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684
\n\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u56e0\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5206\u6bcd\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u7387\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u88ab\u8f83
\n\u5c0f\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u6765\u9664\u3002\u5927\u4e8e\u30002\u3000\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u8bf4\u660e\u516c\u53f8\u8d1f\u503a\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u76c8
\n\u5229\u6bd4\u7387\u4e2d\u6211\u5c06\u5bf9\u68b0\u6746\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002
\n3\u3002\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u503a\u5bf9\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u5168\u90e8\u8d1f\u503a\u3000\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u3000=
\n\uff0b
\n10\uff1b000
\n142\uff1b000
\n=\u30007\uff05\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7ed9\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5206\u7ea2\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8d23
\n\u4efb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u5176\u98ce\u9669\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6\u3002
\n\u8be5\u6bd4\u7387\u5927\u4e8e\u300050\uff05\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u9ad8\u3002\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684
\n\u7a33\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c50\uff05\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\u3002
\n\u50cf\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u529b\u8bbe\u65bd\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u90fd\u662f\u8f83\u7a33
\n\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300050\uff05\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e5f\u8f83\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5012\u662f\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5206\u6790\u4eba
\n\u58eb\u53cd\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5b89\u6392\u504f\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u6bd4\u7387\uff08Activity\u3000Ratios\uff09
\n4\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7528\u6bd4\u7387\u3000\u4e5f\u79f0\u8d44\u4ea7\u5468\u8f6c\u7387\u3000\u9500\u552e\u989d
\n\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u3000\uff08\u3000\uff09\u3000=
\n5\uff1b200\uff1b000
\n142\uff1b000
\n=\u300036\u30026\uff08\u3000\uff09
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u6b21\u3000\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u8be5\u6bd4\u7387\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u8fd0\u7528\u8d44\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e89\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u884c\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c36
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u53e4\u8463\u5e97\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5468\u8f6c\u6bd4\u7387\u4e3a\u30003\u3000\u7684\u5c31
\n\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u7a00\u6709\u7684\u53e4\u8463\u5e38\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u8bc6\u8d27\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u8005\u524d\u6765\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u300036\u30026\u3000\u6b21\u7684\u5468\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0
\n\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6bcf\u5468\u90fd\u88ab\u552e\u51fa\u3002\u725b\u5976\u3001\u536b\u751f\u7eb8\u7b49\u65e5
\n\u7528\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684\u5468\u8f6c\u91cf\u4e00\u5468\u5c31\u8fbe\u6570\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u8f9b\u8fa3\u7684\u8c03\u6599\u5356\u5f97\u5c31\u5f88\u6162
\n\u4e86\u3002
\n5\u3002\u6bcf\u5468\u5e93\u5b58\u5468\u8f6c\u6b21\u6570\u3000\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c
\n\u6bcf\u671f\u5e73\u5747\u5e93\u5b58\u91cf\u3000=
\n\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u671f\u521d\u5e93\u5b58\u52a0\u671f\u672b\u5e93\u5b58\u9664\u4ee5
\n2\uff09\u3002
\n3\uff1b900\uff1b000
\n100\uff1b000
\n=\u300039\uff08\u3000\/\u3000\uff09
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u6b21\u3000\u5e74\u3000\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n6\u3002\u5e93\u5b58\u9500\u552e\u5929\u6570\u3000\u671f\u672b\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u3000\u5929\u3000=
\n\/\u3000365
\n100\uff1b000
\n3\uff1b900\uff1b000\u3000\/\u3000365
\n=\u30009\u300236
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u5929\u3000\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8425\u6bd4\u7387\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u516c\u53f8\u5e93\u5b58\u5b89\u6392\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4e0e
\n\u5426\u3002\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u5356\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u90fd\u843d\u4e0a\u4e86\u7070\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8d27\u521a\u4e0a
\n\u67b6\u5c31\u9500\u552e\u4e00\u7a7a\uff1f\u50cf\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u8f6c\u6b21\u6570\u9ad8\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u5546
\n\u54c1\u5468\u8f6c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ea\u591f\u7528\u51e0\u5929\u3002\u8fd9
\n\u7c7b\u65e5\u7528\u54c1\u5468\u8f6c\u5feb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u56e0\u5bb9\u6613\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u9700\u8d2d
\n\u4e70\u3002
\n\u76c8\u5229\u6bd4\u7387\uff08Profitability\u3000Ratios\uff09
\n7\u3002\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u3000\u51c0\u5229\u6da6
\n\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u3000\uff08ROS\uff09\u3000=
\n30\uff1b000
\n45\uff1b000
\n=\u30000\u30026667\u3000=\u300067\uff05\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u201c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u201d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8ba1
\n\u7b97\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u548c\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u7684
\n\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u5229\u6da6\u7387\uff08Return\u3000of\u3000assets\uff1bROA\uff09\u30028\u3002\u80a1\u672c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u3000\u51c0\u5229\u6da6
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u3000\uff08ROE\uff09\u3000=
\n30\uff1b000
\n5\uff1b200\uff1b000
\n=\u30000\u3002005769\u3000=\u30000\u300258\uff05\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u642d\u914d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83
\n\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u9ad8\uff0c\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u5c11\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u80a1\u672c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u5c31
\n\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u3000\uff08Financial
\nleverage\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u7387\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u3000Bob\u3000\u548c\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u5c31\u5df2\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u62bd\u8d70\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u6323\u5f97\u7684
\n30\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u62bd\u8d70\u7528\u4ee5\u5206\u7ea2\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9
\n\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u94b1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48
\n\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u957f\u671f\u8d1f\u503a\u603b\u503c\u662f\u300040\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\uff0810\uff1b000\uff0b30\uff1b000\uff09\uff0c\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u300015\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0845\uff1b000\uff0d
\n30\uff1b000\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u80a1\u672c\u6bd4\u7387\uff08Debt\u3000to\u3000equity\u3000ratio\uff09
\n\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u30007\uff05\u589e\u81f3\u300028\uff05\u3002\u80a1\u672c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u300067\uff05\u589e\u9ad8\u5230
\n200\uff05\uff0830\uff1b000\/15\uff1b000\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u5f71
\n\u54cd\u751a\u5927\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u6760\u6746\u5f0f\u201d\u5730\u628a\u80a1\u672c\u5229\u6da6
\n\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\n\u80a1\u672c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u6807
\n\u51c6\u3002\u5728\u3000Forbes\u3000\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531
\n\u4e8e\u5bf9\u878d\u8d44\u7ed3\u6784\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u80a1\u672c\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u6392
\n\u540d\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5148\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u76ee
\n\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6760\u6746\u4e3e\u503a\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u98ce\u9669\u6210
\n\u672c\u3002\u8d1f\u503a\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5229\u606f\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u91cd\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u679c
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8d77\u503a\u300290\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u7834\u4ea7\u7684\u3000Revo\u3000Drugs\uff1b
\nSouthland’s\u30007\u2026Eleven\u3000\u548c\u3000Federated\u3000Department\u3000Stores\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5192\u7740\u7834\u4ea7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u9ad8\u989d\u4e3e\u503a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u675c\u90a6\u56fe\u8868
\n\u641e\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5584\u4e8e\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f3a\u6309\u4e0a\u4e2a\u54cd\u4eae
\n\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4e13\u7528\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u675c\u90a6\u56fe\u8868\uff08Du
\nPont\u3000Chart\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5907\u3002\u675c\u90a6\u56fe\u8868\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u5404\u4e2a
\n\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u8bf4\u660e\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173
\n\u7cfb\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5217\u51fa\u5404\u6bd4\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u67d0\u4e00\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u6784\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u9009
\n\u62e9\u9879\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u51cf\u5c11\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5468\u8f6c\u7387\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u6b64\u4e24\u9879\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u90fd
\n\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6bcd\u9879\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6bd4\u7387\u4e2d\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u9879\u3002
\n\u675c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u5229\u6da6\u7387\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u6b64\u4e24\u9879\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u90fd
\n\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6bcd\u9879\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6bd4\u7387\u4e2d\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u9879\u3002
\n\u675c\u90a6\u56fe\u8868
\n\u6bd4\u7387\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u5173
\n\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6bd4\u7387\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u76c8\u5229\u7387\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404
\n\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u76c8\u5229\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u91cd\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u9020\u5546\uff0c
\n\u5982\u94a2\u5382\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e\u300010\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u70bc\u94a2\u5382\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5927
\n\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u730e\u5934\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u76c8\u5229\u7387
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe\u3000100\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u73b0\u91d1\u3001\u529e\u516c\u5bb6
\n\u5177\u548c\u5e94\u6536\u6b3e\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u730e\u5934\u516c\u53f8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u662f\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3001
\n\u8bf4\u670d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e0a\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002
\n\u76c8\u5229\u7387\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6fc0\u70c8
\n\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u9020\u6210\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u4f4e\u5230\u4e86\u30001\uff05\u3002Bob\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74
\n\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u662f\u30000\u300258\uff05\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u521b\u4e1a
\n\u7684\u5934\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u76c8\u5229\u5c31\u8be5\u5411\u4ed6\u795d\u8d3a\u3002
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u6bd4\u7387\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u9700\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4f46\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e0e\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u6bd4
\n\u8f83\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c
\n\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u77e5\u6295\u8d44\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f01
\n\u4e1a\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u3000Robert\u3000Morris\u3000Associates\u3000\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u8868\u7814
\n\u7a76\uff08Annual\u3000Statement\u3000Studies\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4
\n\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u6781\u6709\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5728\u5404\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5747\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u3002\u8be5\u8d44
\n\u6599\u5305\u62ec\u3000300\u3000\u591a\u5bb6\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u3001\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u3001\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u3001\u627f\u5305\u5546
\n\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387\u3002
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1\uff08Managerial\u3000accounting\uff09\u548c\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f
\n\u7528\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff08Standards\uff09\u3001\u9884\u7b97
\n\uff08Budgets\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Variances\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u516c\u53f8\uff0c
\n\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5148\u7f16\u5236\u51fa\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u9884\u7b97\uff0c
\n\u518d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u9884\u7b97\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u5dee\u8ddd\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728
\n\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6bcf\u6708\u505a\u9884\u7b97\u3001\u505a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c
\n\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u90fd\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u53ef\u4f9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684
\n\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u610f\u89c1\u3002
\n\u5728\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u6d88\u8017\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u989d\u3002
\n\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u7cbe\u5fc3\u91c7\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u540c\u9500\u552e\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u4e00\u9053\u9884\u7b97
\n\u51fa\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9700
\n\u6c42\u3002\u9500\u552e\u7ecf\u7406\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5b9a
\n\u51fa\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u9884\u7b97\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u53d1\u751f\u6b63\u9762
\n\u6216\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u4ea7\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Variances\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\uff08Price
\nvariance\uff09\u548c\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Volume\u3000variance\uff09\u3002\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868
\n\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u3002
\n\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Sales\u3000Price\u3000Variances\uff09\u3002\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u6709\u52a9
\n\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u9884\u8ba1\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u552e\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf
\n\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002
\n\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u2026\u6807\u51c6\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\uff09\u00d7\u5b9e\u9645\u9500\u552e\u91cf=\u9500\u552e\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Sales\u3000Volume\u3000Variances\uff09\u3002\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf
\n\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0d\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684
\n\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u6807\u51c6\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u00d7\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u2026\u6807\u51c6\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\uff09=\u9500\u552e
\n\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u3000General\u3000Motors\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\u30007\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u9500\u552e
\n10\uff1b000\u3000\u8f86\u3000Chevy\u3000Lumina\u3000\u5c0f\u8d27\u8f66\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f86\u552e\u4ef7\u300015\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u603b
\n\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a150\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u30028\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6536\u5230\u4f1a\u8ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684
\n\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u30007\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u662f\u3000280\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4fc3\u9500\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6bcf\u91cf\u300014\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u552e\u51fa
\n20\uff1b000\u3000\u8f86\u8f66\u3002\u9500\u552e\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u3000130\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff07\uff0810\uff1b000\u00d7
\n15\uff1b000\uff09\u2026\uff0820\uff1b000\u00d714\uff1b000\uff09\uff07\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7eaf\u5c5e\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u8d1f\u7684
\n20\uff1b000\uff1b000\uff07\uff0814\uff1b000\u202615\uff1b000\uff09\u00d720\uff1b000\uff07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8
\n\u6bd4\u539f\u8ba1\u5212\u591a\u552e\u51fa\u300010\uff1b000\u3000\u8f86\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u6b63\u7684
\n150\uff1b000\uff1b000\uff07\uff0820\uff1b000\u202610\uff1b000\uff09\u00d715\uff1b000\uff07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u662f\u3000\uff08\u202620\uff0b150=130\uff09\u3000\u4e0e\u9884\u7b97\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u76f8\u7b49\u3000\uff08280\u2026
\n150=130\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u80fd\u8ba9\u3000GM\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u8d1f\u8d23\u3000Lumina\u3000\u8f66\u7684\u603b
\n\u88c1\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0
\n\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u56e0\u51cf\u4ef7\u4fc3\u9500\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u503c\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6c7d\u8f66
\n\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u5c06\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\u52a0\u5728
\n\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u7684\u6bcf\u6708\u9500\u552e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5dee\u5f02\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u80fd\u4f7f\u8d1f
\n\u8d23\u3000Lumina\u3000\u8f66\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u8d85\u989d\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u6240\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u7684
\n\u9884\u7b97\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u9500\u552e\u6570\u91cf
\n\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u3002
\n\u91c7\u8d2d\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u4ea7\u539f\u6599\u4e5f\u6709\u91c7\u8d2d\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Purchase\u3000price
\nvariances\uff09\u3002
\n\u91c7\u8d2d\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02=\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u4ef7\u683c\u2026\u5b9e\u9645\u4ef7\u683c\uff09\u00d7\u5b9e\u9645\u91c7\u8d2d\u6216\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u91cf
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u7528\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u548c\u9500
\n\u552e\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\uff08Efficiency
\nvariances\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u978b\u5de5\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76ae\u9769\u6bd4\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u591a\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u6c7d\u8f66\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u88c5\u6c7d\u8f66\u6240\u6709
\n\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u957f\u3002
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u6548\u7387\u5dee\u5f02=\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u2026\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\uff09\u00d7\u539f
\n\u6750\u6599\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u6210\u672c
\n\u4ecd\u4ee5\u3000Lumina\u3000\u8f66\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u55b7\u6f06\u8f66\u95f4\u30007\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u7780\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f86\u8f66
\n\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u30008\u3000\u52a0\u4ed1\u6cb9\u6f06\uff0c\u6bcf\u52a0\u4ed1\u6cb9\u6f06\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u300010\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u300020\uff1b000\u3000\u8f86\u5c0f\u8d27\u8f66\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u8f86\u6cb9\u6f06\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u662f\u30007\u3000\u52a0
\n\u4ed1\uff0c\u6bcf\u52a0\u4ed1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u300012\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e0b\u9762\u7684
\n\u5dee\u5f02\u4f9b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u4eec\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02=\uff0810\u7f8e\u5143\u202612\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\/\u52a0\u4ed1\uff09\u00d7\uff0820\uff1b000\u3000\u8f86\u00d7
\n7\u52a0\u4ed1\uff09=\u2026280\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u6cb9\u6f06\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u52a0\u4ed1\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u8981\u9ad8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u4eec\u5927\u53ef\u4e0d\u5fc5\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684
\n\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5f00\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6548\u7387\u5dee\u5f02=\uff088\u3000\u52a0\u4ed1\u20267\u3000\u52a0\u4ed1\uff09\u00d7\uff0820\uff1b000\uff09\u00d710\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n=200\uff1b000\uff08\u6b63\u503c\u5dee\u5f02\uff09\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6bd4\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u5c11\u7684\u6cb9\u6f06\u6240\u81f4\u3002
\n\u548c\u6bd4\u7387\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec6\u53eb\u8d77\u771f\u513f\u6765\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u591a\u7684\u8db3\u80fd\u8ba9
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u76f4\u5fd9\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u53ea
\n\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u4ef7\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u542c\u5230\u522b
\n\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65f6\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5e94\u60f3\u5230\u5dee\u5f02\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u603b\u7ed3
\n\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u7ae0\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u5230\u592a\u5403\u529b\u3002\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u77ed
\n\u77ed\u7684\u51e0\u9875\u7eb8\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u672c\u4eba\u6ce8\u518c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u3000MBA
\n\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5411\u4f60\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6709\u5173\u4f1a\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5982
\n\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5934\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef
\n\u80fd\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9
\n\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u8d44\u4ea7=\u8d1f\u503a\uff0b\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca
\n\u00b7\u67093\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff1a
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u8868\u548c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868
\n\u00b7\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u62a5\u8868\u603b\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684
\n\u00b7\u7528\u6bd4\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u8868
\n\u00b7\u7528\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u5c0f\u628a\u620f\u3002\u5728\u5546\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66
\n\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u7684MBA\u4eec\u53d1\u6035\u7684\u529f\u8bfe\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\uff08KEY\u3000ACCOUNTING\u3000TAKEAWAYS\uff09
\nCash\u3000Basis\u3000Accounting\u3000\u2014The\u3000method\u3000of\u3000recording
\ntransactions\u3000only\u3000when\u3000cash\u3000changes\u3000hands
\nAccrual\u3000Basis\u3000Accounting\u2014The\u3000method\u3000of\u3000recording
\ntransactions\u3000that\u3000matches\u3000revenues\u3000and\u3000expenses
\nregardless\u3000of\u3000cash\u3000flow\u3000movements
\nThe\u3000Balance\u3000Sbeet\u2014The\u3000listing\u3000of\u3000what\u3000a\u3000pany\u3000owns
\nand\u3000owes\u3000at\u3000a\u3000point\u3000in\u3000time
\nThe\u3000Fundamental\u3000Accounting\u3000Equation\u3000\u2014
\nAssets=Liabilities\uff0bOwners’\u3000Equity
\nNet\u3000Working\u3000Capital\u3000\u2014\u3000Short\u2026term\u3000assets\u3000lessshort\u2026term\u3000liabilities
\nThe\u3000Ine\u3000Statement\u3000\u2014\u3000The\u3000summary\u3000of\u3000profit\u2026
\ngenerating\u3000activities\u3000during\u3000a\u3000period\u3000of\u3000time
\nGross\u3000Margin\u2014Revenues\u3000less\u3000the\u3000direct\u3000cost\u3000of\u3000goods
\nsold
\nThe\u3000Statement\u3000of\u3000Cash\u3000Flows\u2014The\u3000summary\u3000of\u3000how\u3000a
\npany\u3000generates\u3000and\u3000uses\u3000its\u3000cash\u3000during\u3000a\u3000period\u3000of
\ntime
\nDepreciation\u2014The\u3000cost\u3000of\u3000using\u3000equipment\u3000allocated
\nover\u3000its\u3000useful\u3000life
\nThe\u30008\u3000Basic\u3000Ratios\u3000for\u3000Financial\u3000Statement\u3000Analysis
\n\u2014A\u3000method\u3000of\u3000analyzing\u3000statements\u3000and\u3000paring\u3000them\u3000to
\nindustry\u3000standards
\nPrice\u3000and\u3000Volume\u3000Variances\u2014A\u3000method\u3000of\u3000explaining
\noperational\u3000results\u3000by\u3000isolating\u3000the\u3000effects\u3000of\u3000price\u3000and
\nvolume\u3000differences\u3000from\u3000budgeted\u3000amounts\u7b2c4\u5929\u3000\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8bfe
\n\u6fc0\u52b1
\n\u9886\u5bfc
\n\u521b\u9020\u529b
\n\u529e\u516c\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n\u6743\u529b
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6f14\u53d8
\n\u53d8\u9769\u963b\u529b
\n\u521a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u3000MBA\uff1a\u6211\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u4e86\uff01\u7531\u6d1b\u7279\u65af\uff08Lotus\uff09\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u7ed3\u679c\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u6309\u5730\u533a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u91cd\u7ec4\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u901a
\n\u8fc7\u88c1\u51cf\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u5dee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u8282\u7701\u3000300\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u5bf9\u5e03\u5170\u987f\u00b7\u674e\uff08Brandon\u3000Lee\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u6478\u62df\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002
\n\u8001\u677f\uff1a\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u68d2\u3002\u4f60\u521a\u6765\u516c\u53f8\u30007\u3000\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u60f3\u505a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u673a
\n\u6784\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5197\u5458\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u540d\u5355\u5427\uff1f
\n\u521a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684MBA\uff1a\u5443\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u6c49\u6709\u60f3\u90a3\u4e48\u8fdc\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Organizational\u3000behavior\uff1bOB\uff09\u8bfe\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f
\n\u6559\u4f1a\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u575f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u91cc\u4eba\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6280\u5de7\u4e5f
\n\u8bb8\u80fd\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u795e\u5947\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5219\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f15
\n\u5bfc\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u6280\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u3002
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4f60\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u4e66\u5e97\u6240\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6
\n\u53ca\u654f\u9510\u6027\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e66
\n\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u7a0b\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u8bba\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2a\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5e38\u4f7f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u539f\u5f62\u6bd5\u9732\u3002\u770b
\n\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u624b\u8fb9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u6b67
\n\u89c6\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7b49\u4e11\u6001\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u66b4\u9732\u65e0\u9057\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ec4
\n\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u8131\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9700
\n\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6216\u5927\u91cf\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u719f\u77e5\u672f\u8bed\u5e76\u9002\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u4f60\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u8a89\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u6240\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u82e5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u5219\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eca\u540e
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f85\u4eba\u63a5
\n\u7269\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u62e5\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u7ebf\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u6b63\u50cf\u8425\u9500\u8bfe\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u30007\u3000\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7
\n\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52063\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u00b7\u95ee\u9898\u8bc6\u522b
\n\u00b7\u5206\u6790
\n\u00b7\u5236\u8ba2\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212
\n\u95ee\u9898\u8bc6\u522b
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898
\n\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8868\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u63a9\u9970\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u53ea\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u8868\u9762\u800c
\n\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9664\u975e\u53ca\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee
\n\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u6821\u671f\u95f4\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u51e0
\n\u79cd\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6280\u5de7\u3002
\n\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Want\u3000Got\u3000Gaps\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a
\n\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8ddd\u79bb
\n\u6216\u201c\u504f\u79bb\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b
\n\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u7684\u8ddd
\n\u79bb\u3002
\n\u4e00\u5bb6\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65b0\u7535
\n\u8111\u6280\u672f\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u6c49\u514b\u00b7\u6d77\u5c14\u798f\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u7535
\n\u8111\u90e8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7531\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u4e89\u6597\u6240\u81f4\u3002
\n\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u7535\u8111\u90e8\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u95e8\u534f\u8c03\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n\u6c49\u514b\u773c\u91cc\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddd\u79bb\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a
\n\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u2192\u8ddd\u79bb\u2190\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u7684
\n\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u2192\u8ddd\u79bb\u2190\u90e8\u95e8\u76f8\u4e92\u5c01\u95ed
\n\u8fd9\u4f4d\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5176\u5b83\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u7535\u8111\u90e8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u81c2\u8180\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u89c9\u5f97
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002
\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u9500\u552e\u548c\u7ecf\u8425 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002
\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u9500\u552e\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700
\n\u8981\u53ca\u65f6\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u7535\u8111\u670d\u52a1\u3002
\n\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\u5e38\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8ddd\u79bb\u5417\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u7406\u53ef
\n\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u9996\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff08Level\u3000of\u3000Problems\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5b58\u5728
\n\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ddd\u79bb\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec4\u7ec7
\n\u7684\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u5185\u6216\u4e4b\u95f4
\n\u00b7\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u5185\u6216\u4e4b\u95f4
\n\u00b7\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185
\n\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7535\u8111\u90e8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u91cc\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u8981\u7740\u624b\u5904\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u4e4b\u3002\u4eba\u4e0e
\n\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u611f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u6267\u662f\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4
\n\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u91c7\u7528\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u906d\u5230\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u3000\uff08Source\u3000problems\u3000and\u3000causal
\nchains\uff09\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u9996\u5148\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u653e\u5728\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684
\n\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u6d88\u9664\u4e86
\n\u6839\u6e90\u5c31\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u7535\u8111\u90e8\u4e0d\u591f\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c
\n\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u56fe\u8868\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u753b\u4e00\u6761\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u3002\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6765
\n\u8868\u793a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a
\n\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2192\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u6e90\u2192\u4e1a\u52a1\u95ee\u9898
\n\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a
\n\u4e2a\u6027\u533a\u522b\u2192\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u2192\u9879\u76ee\u5931\u8d25
\n\u5206\u6790
\n\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e76\u505a\u5b8c\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5176\u8d77\u56e0\u8054
\n\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u753b\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5206\u6790\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u52aa\u529b\u53bb
\n\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u56e0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u9762\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u884c\u52a8
\n\u4e88\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b
\n\u8bd5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u9664\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5458\u5de5
\n\u5c31\u662f\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u57f9\u517b\u654f\u9510\u6027\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u8ba8\u8bba
\n\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8425\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684
\n\u53ef\u884c\u6e20\u9053\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u3002
\n\u5236\u8ba2\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212
\n\u5b66\u6821\u8981\u6c42\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u8981\u679c\u65ad\u548c\u79ef\u6781\uff08Proactive\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u7ecf
\n\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u5206\u6790\u540e\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u80fd\u591f\u5236\u8ba2\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212
\n\u5305\u542b6\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u5236\u8ba2\u5177\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\n2\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002
\n3\u3002\u5236\u8ba2\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\u523b\u8868\u3002
\n4\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5236\u8ba2\u5e94\u53d8\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\n5\u3002\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\uff08Time\u3000sequence\uff09\u5236\u8ba2\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u3002
\n6\u3002\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u6267\u884c\u5e76
\n\u505a\u51fa\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u7528\u3000MBA\u3000\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u9700
\n\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u628a\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u79f0\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u5de5\u5177\uff08Action\u3000levers\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5
\n\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u800c\u4e14\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u3002\u67d0\u4e00\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5956
\n\u52b1\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u672a
\n\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u72af\u6218\u672f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u8bfe\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u704c
\n\u8f93\u5f53\u4eca\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u3002
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8bb2\u9898
\n\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7528\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6267\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6846
\n\u67b6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u662f\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5de5\u5546
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5148\u4ece\u8bb2\u89e3\u6709\u5173\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8bfe\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c
\n\u5c14\u540e\u8bb2\u89e3\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u65b0\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u3001\u6311\u6218\u6027
\n\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u5236\u8ba2\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u5fc3\u7406\u8bfe\uff1aAPCFB\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u900f\u89c6\u4eba\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u3000APCFE\u3000\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u91ca
\n\u8fde\u63a5\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\uff08Assumptions\uff09
\n\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff08Perceptions\uff09\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba
\n\uff08Conclusions\uff09\u7ed3\u8bba\u53c8\u6fc0\u8d77\u611f\u89c9\uff08Feelings\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea
\n\u9a71\u52a8\u4e86\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08Behaviors\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7
\n\u7a0b\uff0c\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u4e8b\u7684
\n\u884c\u4e3a\u8d77\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1aAPCFB\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u6709\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0cMBA\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6234
\n\u7740\u6709\u8272\u773c\u955c\u770b\u5f85\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u89c9\u5bdf\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u963b\u788d
\n\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u201c\u9632\u5fa1\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u963b\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6b63\u786e\u7406
\n\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7b97\u6570\u65b9\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u536b\uff0c\u4ed6
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u7684\u6280\u672f\u62a5\u544a\u6311\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u63a9\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u65b9
\n\u9762\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u3002
\n\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u4ee5
\n\u4e3a\u662f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5e94\u5f53\u6216\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u4f55\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u8fd9
\n\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5305\u542b\u4e4b\u5185\u5bb9\u6309\u5176\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1
\n\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u7f57\u5217\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u671f\u671b
\n\u00b7\u4fe1\u4ef0
\n\u00b7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2
\n\u671f\u671b\uff08Expectations\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08Beliefs\uff09\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6
\n\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2
\n\uff08Values\uff09\u662f\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u65f6
\n\u5019\u624d\u884c\u3002
\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5bfc\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u771f
\n\u6b63\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u6fc0\u53d1\u6211\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u610f\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211
\n\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u7684\u8001\u677f\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684
\n\u8425\u9500\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u6211\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\u6211\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6211
\n\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6216\u76f8\u5f55\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c
\n\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u80fd\u90fd\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Goal
\ncongruence\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u52a8\u542c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b56\u5212\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u4e4b\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e0b\u5c5e
\n\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u5236\u8ba2\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u77ac\u606f\u4e07\u53d8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5728
\n\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u7531\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\uff0c\u800c\u96c7\u5458\u53ea
\n\u662f\u6572\u6572\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e3a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u521b
\n\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u5931\u8bef\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5e38\u62db\u81f4\u6307\u8d23\u548c
\n\u5632\u7b11\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u914d\u5408\u4ed6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u8fdf\u7f13\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9884\u671f\u4e2d
\n\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5956\u52b1\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002
\n\u61c2\u4e00\u70b9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9
\n\u7684\u3002\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u7406\u8bba
\n\u6fc0\u52b1\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u60f3\u9a7e\u5fa1\u7684\u8131\u50f5\u91ce\u9a6c\u3002\u671f\u671b\u7406\u8bba
\n\uff08Expectancy\u3000theory\uff09\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u804c\u5458\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u671f\u671b\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bd5\u7740\u7406
\n\u89e3\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n\u6fc0\u52b1=\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u671f\u671b\u00d7\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee9\u6548\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u671f\u671b
\n\u00d7\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u7b49\u5f0f\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5747
\n\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u79ef\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u8d1f\u8d23\u9500\u552e\u4e00\u79cd\u9500
\n\u91cf\u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\u7684\u8f66\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u628a\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u8f93\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u548c
\n\u4fc3\u9500\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u5f3a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u65e0\u8bba\u81ea\u5df1\u600e\u4e48
\n\u505a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4ece
\n\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5956\u52b1\u8fc7\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5982
\n\u679c\u5956\u52b1\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6d17\u624b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ecf\u7406\u5c31\u4f1a\u8003
\n\u8651\u53e6\u8c0b\u51fa\u8def\u3002
\n\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b66\u672f\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Hertzerg\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\uff08Maslow\uff09
\n\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u5170\uff08McCleland\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u6240
\n\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u5f17\u83b1\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179\u4f2f\u683c\u65ad\u5b9a\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u4e2d\u6fc0\u52b1\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u6ee1\u610f\u56e0\u7d20\uff08Satisfiers\uff09\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u6ee1
\n\uff08Dissatisfiers\uff09\u6216\u7ef4\u6301\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5347\u804c\u6216\u5956\u52b1
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee1\u610f\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7ef4\u6301\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u6b22\u6109\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u671f\u671b
\n\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684
\n\u7ef4\u6301\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u963f\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ff0\u00b7\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e
\n\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08Hierarchy\u3000of\u3000needs\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700
\n\u6c42\u5c42\u6b21\u5448\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u5403\u559d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5728\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u5f80\u4e0a\u662f
\n\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9700
\n\u6c42\uff08Self\u2026actualization\u3000needs\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u5c16\u9879\u3002
\n\u5f53\u4e00\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u540e\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210
\n\u957f\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002
\n\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u5170\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u6210\u5c31
\n\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u6743\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b
\n\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e
\n\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u96c7\u5458\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bf4\u660e\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9
\n\uff08Core\u3000job\u3000dimensions\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u8d23\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001
\n\uff08Critical\u3000psychological\u3000states\u3000\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c
\n\uff08Outes\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u660e\u663e\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u5219
\n\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6548
\n\u7387\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b
\n\u5982\uff0c\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u96f6\u4ef6\u5382\u96c7\u7528\u5e76\u57f9\u8bad\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u5de5
\n\u4eba\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\u7ec4\u88c5\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef
\n\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u52a0\u5de5\u51fa\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u91cf\u4e5f\u5dee\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4eba\u8c08\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u3000\u91cd\u8981\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u3000\u5de5\u4f5c\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u9ad8
\n\u6280\u80fd\u8981\u6c42
\n\u4efb\u52a1\u8bc6\u522b
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\u610f\u4e49
\n\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u610f\u4e49
\n\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u5de5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3000\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684
\n\u8d23\u4efb
\n\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6ee1\u8db3
\n\u53cd\u9988\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3
\n\u5f88\u5c11\u7f3a\u52e4\u3001
\n\u5458\u5de5\u6d41\u52a8\u5c11
\n\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u98de\u673a\u7ec4\u88c5\u5382\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u88ab\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u98de\u673a\u54ea
\n\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u4e8e\u6536\u5230\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u4e0d\u4fbf\u7684\u88c5\u914d\u5de5\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u540e\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u79ef\u6781
\n\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u6b21\u54c1\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u6f2b\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u610f
\n\u4e49\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e3a\u80fd\u505a\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u662f\u5b66\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u5458\u5de5\u4e4b\u6b22\u6109\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u3000\uff08Quality\u3000of\u3000owrk\u3000life\uff1b
\nQWL\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u96c7\u5458\u5f97\u5230\u673a\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5c55\u624d\u534e\u65f6\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6388\u6743
\n\uff08Empowerment\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u4e0d\u5e26\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u5546\u52a1\u4e66\u3002
\nMBA\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u5f81
\n\u5546\u4e1a\u9662\u6821\u5411\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6559\u6388\u5546\u52a1\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u52aa\u529b
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c
\n\u8fdc\u89c1\u3001\u627f\u8bfa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u6fc0\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u628a\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u771f\u6b63
\n\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u672a\u6765\u5546\u52a1\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u6447\u7bee\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6709
\n\u4e9b\u5546\u6821\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u9001\u5230\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u91ce\u5916\u6c42\u751f\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u91ca
\n\u653e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5236\u8ba2\u76ee\u6807\u65b9
\n\u5411\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u70b9\u5b50\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4ece\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a5\u89e6\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u7ecf
\n\u7406\u4eec\u5219\u662f\u652f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5219\u63a5
\n\u53d7\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5e7b\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u672a\u6765
\n\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u9886\u8896\u3002
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u7684\u3000VCM\u3000\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Leadership\u3000Vision\uff1b\u3000mitment\uff1b
\nManagement\u3000Skills\u3000Model\uff1b\u3000VCM\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005
\n\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u5f81\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u8fdc\u89c1
\n\u00b7\u627f\u8bfa
\n\u00b7\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d20\u8d28\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u6bd4
\n\u4f8b\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4e9a\u79d1\u5361\u00b7\u674e\uff08Lee
\nIacocca\uff09\u3000\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8fdc\u89c1\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u3000\u4ed6\u572860\u5e74\u4ee3\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u798f\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c
\n\u81ea\u5fb7\uff08Mustang\uff09\u8f66\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u300270\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2
\n\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u65f6\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5728\u8d22\u4f1a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c
\n\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Management\uff09\u6280\u80fd\u548c
\n\u5bf9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u5219\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Leadership\u3000patterns\uff09\u3002\u5929\u4e0b\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u5c31\u6709
\n\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8001\u677f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Boss\u2026
\ncentered\uff09\u548c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Subordinate\u2026cen\u2026tered\uff09\u7684\u8303\u56f4
\n\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u300060\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u5730\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1
\n\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab
\n\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5eb8\u624d\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u677f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c
\n\u5f3a\u8feb\u5458\u5de5\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u52a8\u8111\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u8dd1\u817f\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u677f\u5219\u7ed9\u96c7\u5458\u4ee5
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8001\u677f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6536\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8001\u677f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6536\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u529b
\n\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5728\u529b\u91cf
\n\u00b7\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u5185\u5728\u529b\u91cf
\n\u00b7\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u529b\u91cf
\n\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5c5e\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0b\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u96c7
\n\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6388\u6743\u5c31\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u96c7\u5458
\n\u5bf9\u884c\u4e1a\u5f62\u52bf\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\u5e76\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u662f\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981
\n\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u5f62
\n\u4e0b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u77e5\u4e4b\u660e\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981
\n\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f5c\u907f\u5f00\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u98ce\u683c\u3002
\n\u4e66\u540d\u601d\u7ef4\u56fe
\n\u201c\u6211\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u4f18\u70b9\u76f8\u540c\u2026\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u591f\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u4e8b\u5fc5\u8eac\u4eb2\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u53ef\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5
\n\u9053\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u5409\u5965\u57fa\u6b27\u00b7\u963f\u739b\u5c3c\uff0cForbes\uff0c1991\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5
\n\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff08Creativity\uff09\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u89e3\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\uff0c
\n\u8fd8\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u8fc7\u6316\u6398\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u521b
\n\u9020\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u65f6\u90fd\u6709\u7075\u611f\u4e30\u5bcc\u671f\u3002\u5bf9\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6dcb\u6d74\u7684
\n\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u662f\u5750\u5728\u8f66\u91cc\u3002\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7a0d\u7eb5\u5373\u901d\uff0c
\n\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u5ff5\u5934\u65f6\u5c31\u6355\u6349\u4f4f\u5b83\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u6c64\u59c6\u900a\u6240\u8457\u7684
\n\u300a\u771f\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\u300b\uff08What\u3000A\u3000Great\u3000Idea\uff01\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5bb9\u6613
\n\u4ea7\u751f\u7075\u611f\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u968f\u65f6\u5907\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u7b14\u3001\u4e00\u53f0\u5f55\u97f3\u673a\u3001
\n\u6216\u4e00\u652f\u6cb9\u7b14\uff08\u6dcb\u6d74\u65f6\u7528\uff09\u3002
\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u4f5c\u601d\u7ef4\u56fe\u8868\uff08Mind\u3000maping\uff09\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u53d6\u4e00\u5f20
\n\u767d\u7eb8\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5199\u4e0b\u4e3b\u9898\u5e76\u5708\u4e0a\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u4e3b\u9898\u8bcd\u65c1\u8fb9\u8bb0\u4e0b\u5e76\u5708\u4e0a\u6240\u6709
\n\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u8f6e\u8f74\u4e00\u822c\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6e\u8f74
\n\u5468\u56f4\u53c8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u8f6e\u8f74\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88
\n\u5e7c\u7a1a\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u6709\u7528\u5f97\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u90fd\u505a\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e71\u56fe
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66
\n\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3001\u4fc3\u9500\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u59a8\u4e00\u8bd5\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u6b63\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48
\n\u53ef\u635f\u5931\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u547d\u540d\u65f6\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u56fe\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u9875\uff09\u3002
\nA\u578b\u548c\u3000B\u3000\u578b\u548c\u4e3a\uff08Type\u3000A\u3000and\u3000B\u3000behaviors\uff09\u3002\u6559\u6388\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c
\n\u4e3a\u8bfe\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u6750\u4e2d\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\u7528\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u524d\u5341\u6240\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662
\n\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u3000A\u3000\u578b\u4e2a\u6027\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u8fd9\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u540d\u5217\u524d
\n\u8305\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u3002A\u3000\u578b\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4f4d\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u4e13\u5bb6\u6885\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\u5fb7\u66fc\u548c\u96f7\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u66fc\u4e8e1959
\n\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u60a3\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279
\n\u5f81\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u83b7\u53d6\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u9700\u6c42
\n\u00b7\u65f6\u95f4\u7d27\u8feb\u611f
\n\u00b7\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba
\n\u00b7\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u6000\u6709\u4e0d\u6ee1
\nA\u3000\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u6709\uff1a\u7206\u53d1\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3001\u6253\u65ad\u4ed6\u4eba
\n\u8c08\u8bdd\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6025\u529f\u8fd1\u5229\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8010\u5fc3\u3002A\u3000\u578b\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e00\u6b21\u505a\u597d
\n\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6bcf\u65e5\u65f6\u95f4\u5b89\u6392\u6548\u7387\u624b\u518c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002A\u3000\u578b
\n\u4eba\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6beb\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u5916
\n\u5728\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u80af\u5bb6\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u975e\u7ade\u4e89\u60c5
\n\u5f62\u4e5f\u4e0b\u4e5f\u8981\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u5b66\u8bb2\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4e00
\n\u6b21\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8428\u997c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u8ba9\u6211\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u60ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5439\u5618\u8bf4
\n\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5e74\u5ea6\u4f53\u529b\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e2d\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u4e8b\u6bd4\u5f97\u4e0a
\n\u4ed6\u3002\u201d\u6bd4\u541b\u662fA\u578b\u4eba\u3002
\n\u7c7b\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u8303\u7574\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u662fB\u3000\u578b\u4eba\u3002B\u3000\u578b\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fc7\u5f97
\n\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f7b\u677e\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u3000B\u3000\u578b\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6e9c\u8fdb\u5546\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9
\n\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u613f\u52c7\u5f80\u76f4\u524d\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u3000A\u3000\u578b\u4eba\u7684\u75c5
\n\u72b6\u540e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7a0d\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u4f5c\u3002\u5426
\n\u5219\uff0cMBA\u4eec\u9152\u5427\u91cc\u8ba8\u8bba\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u8f6c\u5411\u8c08\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u4e86\u3002
\nMBA\u7684\u529e\u516c\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u9664\u4e86\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e4b
\n\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002
\n\u79ef\u6781\u503e\u542c\uff08Active\u3000listening\uff09\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u542c\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5177
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u503e\u542c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5bf9\u5f62\u52bf\u6709\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f60\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u533a\u522b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u4f60\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53bb\u5f15\u5bfc
\n\u00b7\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae
\n\u00b7\u4f60\u5206\u6790\u88ab\u8bbf\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\n\u79ef\u6781\u503e\u542c\u8005\u5c06\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\u8ba9\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5145\u5206\u4f59\u5730\uff0c
\n\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u503e\u542c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u50cf\u4e2a\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u7684MBA\u3002
\n\u7ee9\u6548\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff08performance\u3000appraisals\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d
\n\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u7ee9\u6548\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8bc4\u5206\u8868\u6709\u65f6
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u9887\u6709\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5
\n\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u65f6\u95f4\u803d\u6401\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5e94\u5f53
\n\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807
\n\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u76ee\u6807
\n\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\uff08Organizational\u3000goals\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u7ee9\u6548\u3001\u3000\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u3000\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u3000\u804c\u52a1\u5347\u8fc1\u548c\u85aa\u91d1\uff0c\u3000\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff08Feedback
\nand\u3000evaluation\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0
\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff08Coaching\u3000and\u3000development\uff09
\n\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6211
\n\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u60e9\u7f5a\uff1f\u8001\u677f\u548c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5e94\u5f53\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5546\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53
\n\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\n\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5374\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e5f
\n\u91c7\u53d6\u81ea\u536b\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u53ca\u65f6\uff1b\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u90fd
\n\u8981\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u8001\u677f\u5e94\u5f53\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u6c9f\u901a\uff08\u5373\u53cc\u5411\u7684\uff09\u7684\u516c
\n\u5f00\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u505a\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5374\u4e0d\u591a\u3002
\n\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5de5\u4f5c\u9664\u4e3a\u96c7\u4e3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u5f00\u9664\u5458
\n\u5de5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u670d\u6c14\u7684\u5458\u5de5
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63a7\u544a\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u89e3\u96c7\u3002
\n\u60e9\u6212\uff08Reprimands\uff09\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u3000MBA\u3000\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u6b63\u5982
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u8bfe\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0cMBA\u5e94\u5f53\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u60e9\u6212\u4e0b
\n\u5c5e\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u6e05\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4f60\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u95ee\u9898
\n\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002
\n2\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n3\u3002\u505c\u987f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u7684\u6109\u5feb\u3002\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c
\n\u4e0d\u8981\u5927\u558a\u5927\u53eb\uff0c\u90a3\u6837\u53ea\u4f1a\u8d77\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n4\u3002\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5173\u5207\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1
\n\u591a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5fd8\u6389\u5b83\u3002\u201d\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u505a\u5f97
\n\u575a\u5b9a\u3001\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a5\u7740\u53bb\u5e72\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\n\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u80fd\u5728\u65a5\u8d23\u4e0e\u8868\u626c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u201d
\n\u9002\u5e94\u4f60\u7684\u8001\u677f\uff08Managing\u3000your\u3000boss\uff09\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u8001\u677f\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4f4e\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u52a9\u7406\u3002
\n\u5177\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u4f4d\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u8bfe\u91cc\u88ab\u63cf\u5199\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u5197\u5458\uff0c
\n\u5e94\u4e88\u88c1\u51cf\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5904\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u4f4d
\n\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u8001\u677f\u8981\u5bf9\u4ed8\u3002\u603b\u88c1\u4e0a\u9762\u4e5f\u8fd8
\n\u6709\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u5462\uff01
\n\u4e0a\u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u4f60\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211
\n\u628a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b64\u4e66\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u3000MBA\u3000\u6709\u9886\u5148\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4f18
\n\u52bf\uff0c\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u5e94\u4f60\u7684\u8001\u677f\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u3002\u5728\u30001980\u3000\u5e74\u30001\u3000\u6708
\n\u4efd\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u4e1a\u6708\u520a\uff08Harvard\u3000Business\u3000Review\uff09\u4e2d\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u683c\u67cf\u82e5\u548c\u7ed9\u7ff0\u00b7\u8003\u7279\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5199\u5f97
\n\u5f88\u597d\u3002
\n\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8001\u677f\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u548c\u672a\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u76ee\u6807
\n\u00b7\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u538b\u529b
\n\u00b7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\u3001\u5f31\u70b9\u548c\u76f2\u70b9
\n\u00b7\u4ed6\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c
\n\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u81ea\u5df1\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u624b\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\u548c\u5f31\u70b9
\n\u00b7\u4f60\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u98ce\u683c
\n\u00b7\u4f60\u5bf9\u4f9d\u8d56\u6216\u62b5\u6297\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027
\n\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u524d\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u98ce\u683c
\n\u00b7\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u65b9\u76f8\u4e92\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7279\u5f81
\n\u00b7\u968f\u65f6\u5411\u8001\u677f\u6c47\u62a5\u2014\u2014\u8001\u677f\u4eec\u6700\u6068\u53d1\u751f\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5
\n\u00b7\u76f8\u4e92\u4fe1\u8d56\u548c\u771f\u8bda\u76f8\u5f85
\n\u00b7\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u8001\u677f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d
\n\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u521d\u671f\u5148\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f
\n\u514d\u5c06\u6765\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u683d\u5927\u8ddf\u5934\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u677f\u559c\u6b22\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5907\u5fd8
\n\u5f55\u548c\u6709\u8bae\u7a0b\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8001\u677f\u5374\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4fbf\u6761\u548c\u7ecf\u5e38
\n\u6027\u7684\u3001\u968f\u610f\u6027\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u806a\u660e\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5e94\u4e3b\u52a8\u8be2\u95ee\u8001\u677f\u559c\u6b22\u5982
\n\u4f55\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53bb\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5e38\u5e38\u5bd3\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u7684\u684c\u5b50\u91cc
\n\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u683c\u67cf\u82e5\u548c\u8003\u7279\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u5e94\u6211\u7684\u8001
\n\u677f\u3002
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08Understanding\u3000power\u3000on\u3000the\u3000job\uff09\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684
\n\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u67095\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1a
\n\u5f3a\u5236
\n\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f\u5956\u8d4f
\n\u6743\u5a01
\n\u5408\u6cd5
\n\u4e13\u5bb6
\n\u5f3a\u5236\u6743\u529b\uff08Coercive\u3000power\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u6050\u60e7\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408
\n\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u96c7\u5458\u65bd\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u9664\u3001\u964d\u804c\u6216\u8c03\u52a8\u3002
\n\u5956\u8d4f\u6743\u529b\uff08Reward\u3000power\uff09\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u8868\u626c\u3001\u8ba4\u53ef\u6216\u6536
\n\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5236\u6743\u529b\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
\n\u6743\u5a01\uff08Referent\u3000power\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4ef0\u6155\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6b64\u4eba\u6b63\u5f0f
\n\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u804c\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u636e\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u5438\u5f15
\n\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u9500\u552e\u660e\u661f\u5728\u9500\u552e\u673a\u6784\u91cc\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002
\n\u804c\u6743\uff08Legitimate\u3000power\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u7684
\n\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u7528\u6743\u529b\u6765\u5956\u52b1\u3001\u60e9\u7f5a\u548c
\n\u5f71\u54cd\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u73ed\u5de5\u5934\u6709\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf
\n\u4e0a\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002
\n\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff08expert\u3000power\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6
\n\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u80fd\u529b\u64cd\u7eb5\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u8111\u6280\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u6709\u6743\u628a\u4e00\u4f4d\u516c\u53f8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u5e26\u5230\u4ed6\u72ed\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u8111\u5ba4\u3002\u8001\u677f\u5fc5\u987b\u6c42
\n\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u4fee\u597d\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7ecf\u7406\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8de8\u90e8
\n\u95e8\u57f9\u8bad\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5c0f\u571f\u7687\u5e1d\u3002
\n\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u8981\u8ba4\u6e05\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u6709\u6743\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea
\n\u5df1\u751f\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\nMBO\u3000\u548c\u3000MBWA\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f29\u7565\u8bed\u3002
\nMBO\uff08Management\u3000by\u3000objective\uff09\u6307\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f
\n\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u4e8e\u300050\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ecb\u5bfc\u800c\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u3002\u8001\u677f\u4eec\u901a
\n\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4e0b\u5c5e\u201c\u8c08\u5224\u5236\u8ba2\u76ee\u6807\u5408\u540c\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u6388\u6743\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u800c
\n\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u6ce8\u91cd\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f
\n\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u3000Frito\u3000\u2026\u3000Lay\u3000\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176
\n\u533a\u57df\u9500\u552e\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5236\u8ba2\u9500\u552e\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u6218
\n\u7565\u6218\u672f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\n\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u975e\u5e38\u80fd\u5e72\u65f6\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002\u8de8\u56fd\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8001\u677f\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u5e38
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u57f9\u517b\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u6316\u6398\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u9020
\n\u529b\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5f88\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8c08\u5224\u3001\u7b7e\u5408\u540c\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u60c5
\n\u5f62\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\nMBWA\uff08Management\u3000by\u3000waliing\u3000around\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u8d70\u52a8\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5021\u4eea\u8005\u662f\u7535\u8111\u5de8\u4eba\u60e0\u666e\u3002\u60e0\u666e\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8d70
\n\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5e76\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4fdd\u6301
\n\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8d70\u52a8\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\n\u7ea7\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u95ee\u9898
\n\u9664\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3000MBA\u3000\u529e\u516c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5916\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u975e
\n\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u8f85\u4ee5
\n\u4e13\u4e1a\u540d\u8bcd\u3002
\n\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7
\n\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bcd\u7edf\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784
\n\uff08Qnganizational\u3000architecture\uff09\u3002
\n\u524d\u56fe\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c
\n\u6784\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7816\u548c\u7070\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002
\n\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba1\u8bba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002
\n\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u30006\u3000\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u671b\u6587\u800c\u751f\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u660e\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\uff08Strategy\uff09\u3002\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e89\u53d6\u5e02\u573a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u660e\u786e\u6216\u8f6e
\n\u5ed3\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4e00\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5438\u5f15
\n\u987e\u5ba2\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u3002\uff08\u6211\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u540e\u9762\u5c06\u7528\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u7ae0
\n\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u6765\u8bb2\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u9898\u76ee\u3002\uff09
\n\u89c4\u7ae0\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08Policies\u3000and\u3000procedures\uff09\u3002\u89c4\u7ae0\u662f\u9664\u5c0f\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u4ee5\u624b\u518c\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f
\n\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5047\u671f\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u6210\u518c\u7684
\n\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5982 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u53f8\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u4ee5\u624b\u518c\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f
\n\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5047\u671f\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u6210\u518c\u7684
\n\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5e9f\u7eb8\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u4fbf\u56de\u6536\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Organizational\u3000structures\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u8bcd\u662fMBA
\n\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u8bae\u65f6\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6784\u6210\u548c\u53ef\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u6b63\u5f0f\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe
\n\uff08Organization\u3000charts\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u56fe\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u56fe\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u53f8
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u751f\u4ea7\u6216\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ebf\u96c7\u5458\u3000\uff08Line
\nemployees\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u524d\u7ebf\u63d0\u4f9b\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u79f0\u4f5c\u804c\u5458
\n\uff08Staff\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u7ebf\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u804c\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7cfb\u5217\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff1a
\n\u529f\u80fd\u6027
\n\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u987e\u5ba2
\n\u533a\u57df
\n\u90e8\u95e8\u6027
\n\u77e9\u9635\u5f62
\n\u4e0d\u5b9a\u578b
\n\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff08Functional\uff09\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6309\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c
\n\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u8d22\u4f1a\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u9500\u552e\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u5411\u516c\u53f8\u9ad8
\n\u7ea7\u5b98\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002
\n\u529f\u80fd\u578b
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u884c\u653f\uff09
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u7ecf\u8425\uff09
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u8d22\u52a1\uff09
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u8425\u9500\uff09
\n\u5404\u79cd
\n\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08Product\uff09\u3002\u6309\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\u628a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u9700\u8981
\n\u7684\u7529\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u72b9\u5982\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cBack\u3000&\u3000Decker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a
\n\u72ec\u7acb\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u4ea7\u52a8\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5bb6\u7535\u548c\u914d\u4ef6\u3002
\n\u987e\u5ba2\uff08Customer\uff09\u3002\u4f60\u731c\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u987e\u5ba2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u96c6\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u987e
\n\u5ba2\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u8425\u9500\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u529f\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765
\n\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u987e\u5ba2\u7ed3\u6784\u5e38\u98ce\u4e8e\u670d
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u578b\u5e7f\u544a\u3000\u5e02\u573a\u3000\u9500\u552e
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4ea7\u54c14
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4ea7\u54c13
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4ea7\u54c12
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4ea7\u54c11
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u7ecf\u8425\uff09
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ec4\u5408\uff09
\n\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u987e\u5ba2\u578b
\n\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u884c\u653f
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u96f6\u552e\u8fde\u9501\u5e97
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u987e\u5ba2
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4ea7\u4e1a
\n\u9500\u552e\u3000\u4eba\u4e8b\u3000\u5e02\u573a\u3000\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u533a\u57df\u578b\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u884c\u653f\uff09
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4e1c\u5357
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4e1c\u5317
\n\u9500\u552e\u3000\u4eba\u4e8b\u3000\u5e02\u573a\u3000\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u52a1\u4e1a\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6309\u7167\u987e\u5ba2\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5212\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8d37\u6b3e
\n\u5b98\u5458\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u57f9\u8bad\u540e\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u5ba2\u6237\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5ba2
\n\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6bcf\u4eba\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u201d\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5404\u81ea\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700
\n\u6c42\u3002
\n\u533a\u57df\uff08Geographic\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5404\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5730\u70b9\u6765\u5206\u914d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u533a\u57df\u7ed3\u6784\u8de8\u8fc7\u4e86\u987e\u5ba2\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7acb\u5730\u533a\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u6765
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u8282\u98df\u65b9\u6848\u516c\u53f8\uff08Nutri\u3000\/\u3000System\u3000Inc\u3002\uff09\u5728\u30001990\u3000\u5e74
\n\u5c06\u5176\u7ecf\u8425\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u5757\uff0c\u5373\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u300020\u3000\u591a
\n\u5e74\u57ce\u5e02\u3002
\n\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90e8\uff08Divisional\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90e8\u662f\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\u4f1e\u4e0b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u4f53\u3002\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u30004\u3000\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u90e8\u95e8\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u4e00\u5207
\n\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u505a\uff0c\u4ece\u8425\u9500\u5230\u8d2d\u4e70\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd
\n\u5229\u7528\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u8d44\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff08Philip
\nMorris\u3000panies\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u7c73\u52d2\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8
\n\u90e8\u95e8\u578b\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\uff08\u884c\u653f\uff09
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u80fd\u6e90\u7ec4
\n\u603b\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ec4
\n\u9500\u552e\u3000\u4eba\u4e8b\u3000\u5e02\u573a\u3000\u7ecf\u8425
\n\uff08miller\u3000Brewing\uff09\u3001\u5361\u592b\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\uff08Kraft\u3000General\u3000Foods\uff09\u548c
\n\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u91cc\u65af\u70df\u8349\u516c\u53f8\uff08Philip\u3000Morris\u3000Tobacco\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u5bb6
\n\u516c\u53f8\u867d\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\u63a7\u80a1\u4f46\u5206\u522b\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u5404\u5916\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709
\n\u5176\u5b83\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5361\u592b
\n\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
\n\u77e9\u9635\u5f62\uff08Matrix\uff09\u3002\u77e9\u9635\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u6307\u6325\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a
\n\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c7\u5458\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u677f\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u6e20\u9053\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u6216
\n\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u77e9\u9635\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6
\n\u7684\u5fd6\u4e1a\u5316\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u96c7\u5458
\n\u4eec\u8981\u5411\u8d1f\u8d23\u5206\u914d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u5411\u8d1f\u8d23
\n\u5177\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u8425\u9500\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7ecf\u7406\u6c47\u62a5\u3002\u4f60\u80fd
\n\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u4e71\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u804c\u5458\u65e2\u6709\u7075\u6d3b
\n\u6027\u53c8\u5f88\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u56fd\u9632\u548c
\n\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90e8\u578b\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u5408\u540c
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u5de5\u7a0b
\n\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u9879\u76eeC
\n\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u9879\u76eeB
\n\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u9879\u76eeA
\n\u4e13\u5bb6A\u3000\u673a\u68b0\u5e08A\u3000\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08A
\n\u4e13\u5bb6B\u3000\u673a\u68b0\u5e08B\u3000\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08B
\n\u4e13\u5bb6C\u3000\u673a\u68b0\u5e08C\u3000\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08C
\nn
\nn
\n\u7535\u8111\u884c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u9009\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u578b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u5b9a\u578b\uff08Amorphous\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b
\n\u7ed3\u6784\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53ea\u81ea\u7531\u9e1f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u516c
\n\u53f8\u91cc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u624b\u8fb9\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6765
\n\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8
\n\u5316\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u7801\u8bbe\u5907\u516c\u53f8\uff08Digital\u3000Equipment\u3000Corporation\uff09
\n\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b\u7ed3\u6784\u6210\u957f\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u3002
\n\u6df7\u5408\u578b\uff08Hybrid\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6df7
\n\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u7528\u7535\u5668\u662f\u4e2a
\n\u4e0d\u5b9a\u578b
\n\u3000\u3000\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff1f
\n\u3000\u3000\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff1f
\n\u3000\u3000\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff1f
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u90e8\u95e8\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u7f51\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7167\u660e
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u901a\u7528\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u901a\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u533a\u57df\u578b\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u77e9\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9500\u552e\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7531\u529f\u80fd\u578b\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u578b\u4e4b\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf
\n\u7406\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u8425\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u878d\u8d44\u548c\u7ecf
\n\u8425\u3002
\n\u77e9\u9635\u578b
\n\u5404\u79cd\u804c\u5458\u804c\u80fd
\n\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u884c\u653f
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u9500\u552e
\n\u526f\u603b\u88c1
\n\u8d22\u52a1
\n\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u529e\u516c\u7528\u54c1
\n\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u4f11\u95f2\u54c1
\n\u54c1\u724c\u7ecf\u7406
\n\u67dc\u53f0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u6240\u5efa\u7acb
\n\u7684\u3001\u7528\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u6218\u7565\u7684\u7ed3
\n\u6784\u3002\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5e94\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u4ee5\u6700\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f
\n\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6c47\u62a5\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4e8b\u90e8\u95e8\u5b58
\n\u6863\u7684\u673a\u6784\u56fe\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u3002\u81f3\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e
\n\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u6210\u529f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e0e\u6c47\u62a5\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8303\u56f4\u63a7\u5236\uff08Span\u3000of
\ncontrol\uff09\u3002\u3000\u8303\u56f4\u6307\u5411\u7ecf\u7406\u6c47\u62a5\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u91cd\u7ec4\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u548c
\n\u8870\u9000\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u65f6\u9ae6\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u516c\u6000\u5728\u91c7\u7528\u7f29\u5c0f\u63a7\u5236\u8303
\n\u56f4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8f9e\u9000\u7531\u3000MBA\u3000\u6240\u62c5\u4efb\u7684\u4e2d\u5c42\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf
\n\u7406\u4eec\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u804c\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bb6\u9500\u552e\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7ecf
\n\u7406\u8d1f\u8d23\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6539\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7ecf\u7406\u8d1f\u8d23\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u90a3
\n\u5c31\u8981\u524a\u51cf\u300025\uff05\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u6570\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u96c7\u4e3a\u529b\u91cf\u524a\u51cf
\n\uff08Reduction\u3000in\u3000force\uff1b\u3000PIF\uff09\u3000\u3001\u51cf\u91cf\u3000\uff08Demassing\uff09\u6216\u91cd\u7ec4
\n\uff08Restructuring\uff09\u3002\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u89e3\u96c7\u804c\u5de5\u627e\u5230\u4e86
\n\u6258\u8f9e\u3002\u8303\u56f4\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\n\u5236\u5ea6\uff08Systems\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u5206\u914d\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1
\n\u7763\u4eba\u3001\u8d22\u3001\u7269\u3002\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8d77\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u901a
\n\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u5176\u8f93\u9001\u7ed9\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\u5236\u5ea6\u67096\u7c7b\uff1a
\n\u8d44\u91d1\u5206\u914d\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u2014\u2014\u8d22\u52a1\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u9884\u7b97\u5236\u5ea6
\n\u7269\u54c1\u5206\u914d\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u2014\u2014\u5e93\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u5ea6
\n\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u914d\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u6570
\n\u636e\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u524d\u666f\u9884\u6d4b\u2014\u2014\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u8425\u9500\u2026\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f00\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8
\n\u5458\u5de5\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u6fc0\u52b1\u2014\u2014\u916c\u91d1\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u5956\u91d1\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u5171\u4ea8\u5229\u6da6\u65b9
\n\u6848
\n\u7efc\u5408\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4e0a\u30005\u3000\u7c7b\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u7efc\u5408\u5236\u5ea6
\n\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u9500\u552e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e02\u573a\u9700
\n\u6c42\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212\u3002
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\n\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002
\n\u6c1b\u56f4\uff08Climate\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u6210
\n\u5458\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u4ee5\u9ad8\u85aa\u8058\u8bf7\u987e\u95ee\u505a\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u201c\u6c1b\u56f4\u201d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u628a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d22
\n\u5bcc\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6c14
\n\u6c1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u6587\u5316\uff08Culture\uff09\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u6587\u5316\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u6807\u5fd7\u3001\u8c61\u5f81\u548c\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5b83\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8
\n\u79fb\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u8352\u8c2c\uff0c
\n\u5982\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7537\u58eb\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8eab\u7740\u6b3e\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684
\n\u886c\u886b\u6216\u9886\u5e26\u5939\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u6587\u5316\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u79cd\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4e3e\u6b62\u3002\u201c\u9ad8
\n\u7ea7\u5b98\u540c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u516d\u70b9\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8868
\n\u73b0\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u5fd9\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u62db\u8058\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u88ab\u9762
\n\u8bd5\u4eba\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u201c\u5408\u9002\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0d
\n\u201c\u5408\u9002\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u62db\u8058\u8005\u7684\u773c\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2a
\n\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u30006\u3000\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u6218\u7565\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6c1b\u56f4\u548c\u6587
\n\u5316\uff09\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u4e89\u53d6\u5b9e\u73b0\u516c\u53f8\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00
\n\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u754c\u5b9a\u6216
\n\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8981\u6c42\u7ecf\u7406\u5168\u89c2\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u30006\u3000\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981
\n\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b
\n\u8981\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a
\n\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4e9b\u9677\u5728\u9648\u65e7\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e3a\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u601d\u7ef4
\n\u5b9a\u52bf\uff08Paradigms\u3000or\u3000mindest\uff09\u6240\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u6536\u8d39\u751a\u9ad8\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u4eec\u7ecf
\n\u5e38\u4e3a\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u54a8\u8be2\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u7834\u9664\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u4fbf\u505a\u5230\u53d8\u9769\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u3002
\n\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u91d1\u5b57\u5854
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u4ee4\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u80fd\u591f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6bcf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6bcf\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31
\n\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u79bb\u804c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u8f9e\u9000\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5347\u8fc1\u3002
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5bfb\u627e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6d41\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u91d1\u5b57
\n\u5854\u5f62\u56fe\u3002
\n\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u5165\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b
\n\u5230\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u7f3a\u61be\u548c\u50f5\u786c\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u56fe\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u6f0f\u6d1e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u963b\u788d\u201d\u3002
\n\u96c7\u5458\u4ece\u56fe\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u8fdb\u5165\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5404\u4eba\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5185\u4e0a\u5347\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u963b\u788d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u70e6\u8e81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d41\u5411\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5373\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002
\n\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u56fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u201c\u6709\u8272\u773c\u955c\u201d
\n\u770b\u5f85\u5973\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u5347\u8fc1\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u673a\u6784\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\uff08Systems\u3000theory\uff09\u3000\u662f\u628a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7684\u6709\u673a
\n\u4f53\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6d88\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u795e\u7ecf
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Subsyetems\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u624d
\n\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u753b\u51fa\u56fe\u6765\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u8349\u5c65\u866b\u3002
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Management\u3000subsysytem\uff09\u3000\u662f\u5236\u8ba2\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u8ba1
\n\u5212\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u5927\u8111\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u5b98\u5e72\u7684\u6d3b\u3002
\n\u9002\u5e94\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Adaptive\u3000subsystem\uff09\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u76d1\u89c6
\n\u7740\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684
\n\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u670d\u52a1
\n\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002
\n\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6269\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Boundary\u3000spanning\u3000in\u3000subsystem\uff09\u662f
\n\u5634\u5df4\u3002\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8fdb\u98df\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305
\n\u62ec\u4eba\u5458\u62db\u8058\u3001\u8d2d\u4e70\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u91d1\u7b79\u63aa\u3002
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Productioon\u3000subsystem\uff09\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a0\u5b50\u3002\u5b83
\n\u5c06\u6295\u5165\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5de5\u5382\u3002
\n\u8303\u56f4\u5916\u6269\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Boundary\u3000spanning\u3000out\u3000subsystem\uff09\u3002
\n\u8425\u9500\u73ed\u5b50\u5e2e\u52a9\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4eba\u4e8b\u90e8\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u672a\u8fbe\u5230
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u8c03\u804c\u7b49\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u90e8\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u5f62\u8c61\u3002
\n\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u547c\u5438\u548c\u5404\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf
\n\uff08Maintenance\u3000subsystem\uff09\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7ef4\u6301
\n\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5730\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8111\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8c03\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684
\n\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u7ef4\u6301\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u96c7\u5458\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u65b0
\n\u95fb\u53d1\u5e03\u7b49\u3002
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c8\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5bf9\u5176\u7ed3\u6784
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6f14\u53d8
\n\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u83b1\u5229\u00b7E\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u8bfa\u4e8e\u30001972\u3000\u5e74\u30007\u3000\u6708\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u9898
\n\u4e3a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u4e1a\u6708\u62a5\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5f15\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240
\n\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6210\u957f\u75db\u82e6\u3002
\n\u683c\u96f7\u8bfa\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u5373\u8fdb\u5316
\n\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Evolutions\uff09\u548c\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\u9769\u547d\uff08Revolutions\uff09\u9636\u6bb5\u3002
\n\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u5316\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u957f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c
\n\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94
\n\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u6216\u653e\u677e\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53d8\u9769\u5c31 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94
\n\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u6216\u653e\u677e\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53d8\u9769\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u7535\u8111
\n\u4ece\u65af\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u548c\u6c83\u66fe\u5c3c\u4e9a\u514b\u7684\u521b\u9020\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u8dc3\u800c\u8d77\u3002\u4ece\u30001976
\n\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u5982\u540c\u5750\u4e0a\u4e86\u9ad8\u901f\u706b\u8f66\u822c\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5230\u4e86\u30001983\u3000\u5e74\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u9669\u6b64\u8131\u8f68\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u957f\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5371\u673a\uff08Leadership\u3000crisis\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u4f7c\u4f2f\u65af\u662f\u4e2a\u50b2\u6162\u800c\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u6c83\u66fe\u5c3c\u4e9a
\n\u514b\u662f\u4e2a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u6280\u5e08\u3002
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba
\n\u3003Systems\u3000Theory\u3000and\u3000Organizational\u3000Analysis\uff1b\u3003\u3000by\u3000Professor
\nJames\u3000Clawson\uff1b\u3000Case\u3000UVAOB\u2026214\uff1b\u3000Figure\u30001\uff1b\u3000Copyright\u3000\uff08\u30001983\u3000by\u3000the
\nDarden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b
\nVirginia\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u968f\u7740\u521b\u9020\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u4e8c\u53f7\u673a\u8dcc\u4e86
\n\u8ddf\u5934\uff0c\u65b0\u578bLisa\u7535\u8111\u673a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u5229\uff08\u6c83\u987f1963
\n\u5c4a\u3000MBA\uff09\u4ece\u767e\u4e8b\u53ef\u4e50\u88ab\u8bf7\u8fdb\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e86\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u6d88\u51cf\u4e86
\n\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f00\u652f\u3002\u65af\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u53ca\u5176\u4e00\u5e2e\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea
\n\u4e3b\u6743\uff08Autonomy\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1
\n\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u9769\u547d
\n\u4e00\u79cd\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6388\u6743\uff08Delegation\uff09\u4fc3
\n\u6210\u4e86\u9ea6\u91d1\u6258\u4ec0\u673a\uff08Macintosh\uff09\u3000\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002
\nMacintosh\u3000\u673a\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u901f\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e54\u5e03\u671f\u65e0
\n\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u957f\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u53c8\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u3000NeXT
\n\u516c\u53f8\u30021989\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u8001\u5316\u7684\u8be5\u673a\u578b\u800c\u4e34\u7740\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u968f\u7740\u30001990
\n\u5e74\u5229\u6da6\u6ed1\u5761\uff0c\u82f9\u679c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u9762\u4e34\u63a7\u5236\u5371\u673a\uff08Crisis\u3000of\u3000control\uff09\u3002
\n\u9ea6\u514b\u00b7\u65af\u658c\u5fb7\u4e50\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u9996\u5e2d\u7ecf\u8425\u5b98\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u65af\u5361\u5229\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u56de\u5230\u76c8\u5229\u7387\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\uff0c
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002
\n\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u6218\u7565
\n\u9664\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cMBA\u3000\u5728\u6821\u65f6
\n\u8fd8\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u56f0\u5883\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u591a\u4e48
\n\u201c\u5468\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u963b\u529b\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8ba1\u5212\u8003\u8651\u5f97\u5f88\u4e25\u5bc6\uff0c
\n\u4ecd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u649e\u5899\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u672c\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u90a3\u4f4d\u65b0\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u3000A\u3000\u5411\u8001\u677f\u6240\u63d0\u7684
\n\u5efa\u8bae\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u3000\u6240\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u3000\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u3000\u8003\u7279\u548c\u91cc\u5965\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u3000\u65bd\u83b1\u8f9b\u683c\u4e8e1979
\n\u5e74\u30003\u3000\u6708\u5728\u54c8\u4ecb\u5546\u4e1a\u6708\u62a5\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u6218\u7565\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u3000MBA
\n\u751f\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u2192\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u72b6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u884c\u52a8
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u606f\u2192\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u7b56\u7565
\n\u76d0\u6e56\u57ce\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u58a8\u5b88\u9648\u89c4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76c8
\n\u5229\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u4ece\u8001\u677f\u5750\u7740\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8f7f\u8f66\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00
\n\u5207\u90fd\u597d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u8d54\u94b1\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u88c1
\n\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u901a\u544a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645
\n\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u4e88\u5168\u9762\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u592a\u5c0f\u2192\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u672f
\n\u582a\u8428\u65af\u5e02\u4e00\u5bb6\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u9020\u5382\u8058\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u987e\u95ee\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\u65f7\u5de5
\n\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u987e\u95ee\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f
\n\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u5458\u5de5\u914d\u5408\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u5979\u9996\u5148\u5fc5
\n\u987b\u53d6\u5f97\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u9020\u6210\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u75c5\u5047\u7684\u539f
\n\u56e0\u3002\u5979\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5c31\u95ee\u9898
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u6027\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u3002
\n\u8c03\u6574\u95ee\u9898\u2192\u652f\u6301\u548c\u63a8\u8fdb\u6218\u672f
\n\u968f\u7740\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7535\u8111\u5316\uff0c\u79d8\u4e66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0d
\n\u518d\u6709\u6253\u5b57\u5458\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u79d8\u4e66\u4eec\u5728\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u516c
\n\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u804c\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c7\u7528\u65b0\u624b\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5fc5\u987b\u8058\u8bf7
\n\u7535\u8111\u4e13\u4e1a\u804c\u5458\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8c03\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u635f\u5931\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u963b\u62e6\u4f60\u2192\u8c08\u5224
\n\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u6218\u672f
\n80\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u884c\u4e1a\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u8d27\u593a
\n\u53d6\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u901a\u7528\u3001\u798f\u7279\u548c\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5927
\n\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u5de5\u4f1a\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6309\u7167\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6539
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c4\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51e0\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5f3a\u52a0
\n\u4e8e\u8054\u5408\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5de5\u4f1a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u8499
\n\u53d7\u635f\u5931\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002
\n\u4f60\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u2192\u5904\u7f6e\uff08\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9009\u62e9\uff09
\n\u4e8f\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u5e38\u5e38\u9664\u4e86\u88c1\u5458\u51cf\u85aa\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7279\u5170
\n\u987f\u6709\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5f00\u5173\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u7ed9\u5de5\u4eba\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u6216
\n\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u7f57\u5170\u4f50\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e1c\u65b9\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u5c06\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u5f3a\u52a0\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f7f\u516c
\n\u53f8\u80cc\u4e0a\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u5229\u606f\u7684\u5305\u88b1\u3002\u4e3a\u6362\u6551\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u7f57\u5170\u4f50\u8981\u6c42\u5168
\n\u9762\u51cf\u85aa\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f4e\u5236\u4ed6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u30021990\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u4e1c
\n\u65b9\u516c\u53f8\u505c\u4e1a\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u901f\u5ea6\u800c\u4f60\u53c8\u62e5\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u2192\u91c7\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u9ad8\u538b\u6218\u672f
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u54a8\u8be2\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6628\u5929\u5c31\u8be5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\n\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u53bb\u7535\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u524d\u5929\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u7d27
\n\u50ac\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u52a9\u7406\u8d76\u7d27\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u529b\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u88ab
\n\u903c\u6025\u4e86\uff0c\u79bb\u804c\u4e86\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u6025\u4e0d
\n\u53ef\u5f85\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u9876\u66ff\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u9ad8\u538b\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u4f60
\n\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u613f\u610f\u5904\u7406\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u590d\u4e60
\n\u6700\u8981\u7d27\u7684\u662f\uff0cMBA\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4e09\u601d\u800c\u540e\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u5206\u6790\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u4f18
\n\u52bf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u884c\u4e4b\u6709
\n\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5b66\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f
\n\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0
\n\u6709\u6548\u4ed8\u4e4b\u884c\u52a8\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\uff08KEY\u3000OB\u3000TAKEAWAYS\uff09
\nWant\u3000Got\u3000Gaps\u3000\u2026Organizational\u3000problems
\nCausal\u3000Chains\u3000\u2026The\u3000relationship\u3000of\u3000problems\u3000to\u3000one
\nanother
\nAction\u3000Planning\u3000\u2026A\u3000specific\u3000series\u3000of\u3000activities\u3000to
\nsolve\u3000an\u3000organizational\u3000problm
\nAPCFB\u3000Model\u3000\u2026A\u3000human\u3000psychology\u3000model
\nGoal\u3000Congruence\u3000\u2026\u3000People\u3000with\u3000similar\u3000goals\u3000work
\nbetter\u3000together\u3002
\nExpectancy\u3000Theory\u3000_Motivation\u3000is\u3000a\u3000function\u3000of\u3000how
\nan\u3000employee’s\u3000actions\u3000translate\u3000into\u3000a\u3000reward\u3002
\nVCM\u3000Leadersbip\u3000Model\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000vision\uff1b\u3000mitment\uff1b\u3000and
\nmenagement\u3000aspects\u3000of\u3000leadership\u3002
\nActive\u3000Listening\u3000\u2026\u3000Listening\u3000to\u3000gain\u3000insight
\nThe\u30005\u3000Forms\u3000of\u3000Power\u3000\u2026\u3000Power\u3000is\u3000derived\u3000from\u3000more\u3000than
\na\u3000title\u3002
\nThe\u3000Basic\u3000Organizational\u3000Model\u3000\u2026\u3000Strategy\uff1b\u3000policies\uff1b
\nstructure\uff1b\u3000systems\uff1b\u3000chilmate\uff1b\u3000and\u3000culture
\nStructure\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000way\u3000a\u3000pany\u3000organizes\u3000itself
\nSpan\u3000of\u3000Control\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000number\u3000of\u3000peopole\u3000a\u3000manager
\ndirectly\u3000controlsParadigm\u3000\u2026\u3000A\u3000corporate\u3000mindset\u3000or\u3000pattern\u3000of\u3000doing
\nthings
\nSystems\u3000Theory\u3000\u3000\u2026\u3000An\u3000organization\u3000functions\u3000much\u3000like
\na\u3000body\u3002
\n\u3000The\u3000Evolution\u3000and\u3000Revolution\u3000Pattern\u3000\u2026
\nOrganizations\u3000go\u3000through\u3000a\u3000series\u3000of\u3000growth\u3000and\u3000crisis
\nperiods\u3000during\u3000their\u3000lifetime\u3002\u7b2c5\u5929\u3000\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u5206\u6790
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790
\n\u51c0\u73b0\u503c
\n\u6982\u7387\u8bba
\n\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b
\n\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5927\u6982\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8
\n\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u4f1a\u8ba1\u3001\u8425\u9500\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u7b49\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65f6\u7528\u5230\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5
\n\u5177\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f88\u4e0d\u5728\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u8df3\u8fc7
\n\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u52aa\u529b\u638c\u63e1\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u51fa\u4f17\u3002
\nMBA\u4eec\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u4f7f\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u8001\u677f\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u9648\u8ff0\u610f\u89c1\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6b63\u5408\u8001\u677f\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u3002
\n\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u539f\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u7684
\n\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u95ee
\n\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528
\n\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u663e\u5f97\u591a\u4e48\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e0d\u4e86\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1
\n\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5224\u65ad\u3002
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u6613
\n\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee
\n\u9898\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u773c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\u62fe\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u91c7\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u94bb\u4e95\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u52d8\u63a2\u672c\u8eab
\n\u5177\u6709\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u7528
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u5206\u6790\u56fe\uff08Decision\u3000tree\u3000diagram\uff09\u5c06\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u66ff
\n\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f5c\u901a\u76d8\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u5206\u6790\u76845\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n2\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u3002
\n3\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
\n4\u3002\u5c06\u524d3\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u753b\u6210\u6811\u578b\u56fe\u30025\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u975e\u8d22\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u56fe\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4ea4\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u679d
\n\uff08Activity\u3000forks\uff09\u548c\u6982\u7387\u679d\uff08Event\u3000forks\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00
\n\u91c7\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u94bb\u4e95\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u679d\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u7b56
\n\u6811\u4e0a\u7528\u65b9\u5757\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6
\n\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6982\u7387\u679d\u3002\u6cb9\u4e95\u4ea7\u51fa\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u6982\u7387\u201d\u95ee
\n\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u56fe\u4e0a\u7528\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\u3002
\n\u6709\u6cb9
\n\u67af\u4e95\u3000\u94bb\u4e95
\n\u4e0d\u94bb\u4e95
\n\u3000\u3000\u65b9\u6848\u679d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6982\u7387\u679d
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u56fe\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f97\u514b
\n\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u3000Sam\u3000Houston\u3000\u5148\u751f\u6b63\u6b32\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u884c\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u6709\u5f00\u91c7
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u533a\u94bb\u4e95\u91c7\u6cb9\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8be5\u4e0d\u8be5\u91c7
\n\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u91c7\u5230\u6cb9\u8109\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5229\u6da6\u5c06\u9ad8\u8fbe\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5b50\uff1a
\n1\u3002Sam\u5df2\u82b1\u4e8620\uff0c000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u91c7\u6cb9\u6743\u3002
\n2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u3000Sam\u3000\u82b1\u300050\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8058\u8bf7\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e8b\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u5f00\u91c7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0d\u5fc5
\n\u8981\u7684\u94bb\u4e95\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n3\u3002\u662f\u5426\u660c\u9669\u4e0d\u505a\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u82b1200\uff0c000\u5143\u94bb\u4e95\uff1f
\n4\u3002Sam\u54a8\u8be2\u4e86\u77f3\u6cb9\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000Sam\u3000\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u533a\u5185\u5373
\n\u4f7f\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e5f\u670960\uff05
\n5\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6709
\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cb9\u7684\u6982\u738790\uff05\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f10\uff05\u3002
\n6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0cSam\u3000\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c
\n\u6210\u529f\u6982\u7387\u53ea\u670910\uff05\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u6982\u738790\uff05\u3002
\n7\u3002Sam\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5f00\u91c7\u3002
\n\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u6784\u6210\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811
\n\u56fe\u5c06Houston\u5148\u751f\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n\u505a\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790
\n\u4e0d\u505a\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u753b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811
\n\u5728\u4f60\u9976\u6709\u5174\u81f4\u5730\u753b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u56fe\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20
\n\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cSam\u3000\u82b1\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u94bb\u4e95\u671f\u6743\u4e0a\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u300020\uff0c
\n000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6c89\u5165\u6210\u672c\uff08Sunk\u3000cost\uff09\u3002\u8fd9
\n\u7b14\u94b1\u5df2\u82b1\u53bb\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6c89\u5165\u4e95\u4e2d\u3002Sam\u3000\u94bb\u4e95\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u94bb\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u94b1\u53cd
\n\u6b63\u662f\u62ff\u4e0d\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c89\u5165\u6210\u672c\u5e94\u6392\u9664\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u8003\u8651\u5185\u5bb9
\n\u4e4b\u5916\u3002
\n\u753b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811
\n\u753b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u9700\u6700\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373
\n\u201c\u6811\u679d\u201d\uff08Fork\u3000of\u3000the\u3000tree\uff09\u3002Sam\u3000\u662f\u5426\u9009\u62e9\u5148\u505a\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff1f
\n\u5982\u679c\u505a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6811\u56fe
\n\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u201c\u679d\u201d\u5904\u7684\u65b9\u5757\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002
\n\u5982\u679cSam\u505a\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0860\uff05\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff09\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0840\uff05\u6982\u7387\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u505a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5f00
\n\u91c7\uff08\u89c1\u65b9\u5757\u5904\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff0cSam\u3000\u4ecd\u80fd\u9009
\n\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u94bb\u673a\u5f00\u94bb\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u50a8\u91cf\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u6cb9\u5c42\uff0c
\nSam\u53ef\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u6cb9\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0cSam\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8981\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\u586b\u4e0a\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u201c\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u201d\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6cb9\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u80fd\u6709\u3000100\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6bcf\u53e3\u6cb9\u4e95\u7684\u94bb\u4e95\u8d39
\n\u7528\u662f20\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6bcf\u53e3\u4e95\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\u8d39\u662f5\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u82e5\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u201c\u6982\u7387
\n\u5706\u5708\u201d\uff08Event\u3000circle\uff09\u5904\u6982\u7387\u679d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e58\u4ee5\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\n\uff07\uff081\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u6536\u76ca\u00d70\u300290\u3000\u6982\u7387\uff09\uff0b\uff080\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u6536\u76ca\u00d70\u30021\u3000\u6982
\n\u7387\uff09=900\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff07\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6b64\u70b9\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff08Expected
\nmonetary\u3000value\uff1b\u3000EMV\uff09\u3002\u3000\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5706\u5708\u5904\uff0c\u3000\u6982\u7387\u7684\u603b\u548c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f100\uff05
\n\uff08\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u30000\u300290\uff0b0\u30021=1\u300200\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u4e86
\n\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u679d\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6392\u5b83\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5706\u5708\u5904\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848
\n\u6982\u7387\u7684\u603b\u548c\u662f100\uff05\u3002
\n\u5728\u65b9\u6848\u65b9\u5757\uff08Activity\u3000squares\uff09\u5904\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73
\n\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u4ece\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6536\u76ca
\n\u4e2d\u51cf\u6389\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u4ece\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u9000\u56de\u5230\u5de6
\n\u8fb9\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece\u6811\u56fe\u4e2d\u201c\u5012\u63a8\u201d\uff08\u6216\u201c\u4fee
\n\u679d\u201d\uff09\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u65b9\u5757\u679d\u5904\uff0c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u5728\u5706\u5708\u5904\u7528\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e58\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u679d\u201d\uff09\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u65b9\u5757\u679d\u5904\uff0c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u5728\u5706\u5708\u5904\u7528\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e58\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002
\n\u4ece\u6b64\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u653e\u5f03\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u90a3\u4e48\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u662f\u3000370\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\uff08420\uff1b000\u202650\uff1b000\uff09\uff1b\u4e0d\u505a\u5730\u8d28\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u662f
\n400\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u671f\u671b\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982
\n\u5ff5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5546
\n\u5e97\u5e93\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u505a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u7ed3\u6784\u8feb\u4f7f\u51b3\u7b56\u4eba\u9700\u7efc\u5408
\n\u94bb\u4e95\u51b3\u7b56\u6811
\n\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u5c3d\u529b
\n\u731c\u6d4b\u6982\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\n\u753b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u4eba\u8fd8\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5217\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9
\n\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5206\u6790
\n\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u67d0\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u3002
\n\u201c\u753b\u4e86\u6811\u5c31\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u3000B\u3000\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u95ee\u9898
\n\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u7985\u3002\u7528\u753b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u8c8c\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898
\n\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d
\n\u5149\u753b\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u56fe\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u753b\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u82e6
\n\u7ec3\u4e0d\u884c\u3002
\n\u94bb\u4e95\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff08Cash\u3000flow\uff09\u662f\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u76db\u884c\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d
\n\uff08Leveraged\u3000buyouts\uff1b\u3000LBOs\uff09\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u8d22\u52a1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa
\n\u7840\u3002\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u60f3\u8981\u6295\u8d44\u9879\u76ee\u7684
\n\u8d28\u91cf\u7a76\u7adf\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u91d1\u94b1\u4e0a
\n\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u5206\u6790\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u51c6\u5907\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u65f6
\n\u9009\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\n\u6295\u8d44\u6210\u672c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u6bcf\u5e74\u6536\u76ca\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8fd8\u503a\u3001\u5206\u7ea2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907
\n\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5206\u6790\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4ec0
\n\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002
\n\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1
\n\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u94b1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u5fc3\u76ee
\n\u4e2d\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u5546\u8a89\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\u4e0d
\n\u80fd\u7528\u91d1\u94b1\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5c31\u7528\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u91c7\u8d2d\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u6536\u8d2d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b
\n\u52a8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u63d0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u56de\u7b54\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n2\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\n3\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\n4\u3002\u91cf\u5316\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
\n5\u3002\u6536\u76ca\u503c\u5426\uff1f
\n\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u53ea\u662f\u5206\u6790\u73b0
\n\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7845\u8c37\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u65b0\u5efa\u4f46\u5df2\u6210
\n\u529f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u516c\u53f8Astro\u3000puter\u5e10\u4e0a\u5229\u6da6\uff08Accounting\u3000profit\uff09
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u6709300\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u75282000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u6295\u8d44\u79d1\u7814\uff0c
\n\u53e6\u30003000\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u65b0\u5efa\u5382\u623f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u51c0\u652f\u51fa
\n\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u5426\u76c8\u5229\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u5f85\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\n\u635f\u76ca\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u77ed\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u671f\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u9879
\n\u76ee\u6574\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u671f\u5185\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u5404\u9879\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a
\n\u7684\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u5e94\u7528\uff08Cash\u3000uses\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u672c
\n\u00b7\u6700\u521d\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u00b7\u8bbe\u5907\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u00b7\u5e94\u6536\u6b3e\u589e\u52a0
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\uff08Cash\u3000sources\uff09
\n\u00b7\u8bbe\u5907\u5356\u51fa
\n\u00b7\u589e\u52a0\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u671f\u5185\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6765\u6e90
\n\u00b7\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165
\n\u00b7\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\uff08Poyalties\uff09
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u5e94\u7528
\n\u00b7\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c
\n\u00b7\u9500\u552e\u8d39\u7528
\n\u00b7\u4e00\u822c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39
\n\u00b7\u7a0e\u91d1\u635f\u76ca\u8868\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6298\u65e7\uff08Depreciation\uff09\u4e0e\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65e0
\n\u5173\u3002\u6298\u65e7\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u67d0\u4e00\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\u662f\u30005\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u5e74
\n\u5c31\u4ece\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\u8bbe\u5907\u30001\/5\u3000\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u88ab\u6263\u9664\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u672c\u53eb\u6298
\n\u65e7\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u671f\u521d\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5217\u5165\u73b0
\n\u91d1\u5e94\u7528\u9879\u4e0b\u3002\u6298\u65e7\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5229\u6da6\u4e2d\u6263\u9664\u7684\u201c\u865a\u201d\u9879\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5e94\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u7a0e\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000Bob\u3000\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u6536\u94f6\u673a\u548c\u8d2d\u8d27\u624b\u63a8\u8f66\u521a\u5f00\u4e1a\u65f6\u5c31\u4e70\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u5176\u644a\u63d0\u7684\u6298\u65e7\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u630910\u5e74\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e0d\u542b\u878d\u8d44\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u51b3
\n\u7b56\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u878d\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u901a\u7528\u7535\u5668\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\uff0c\u878d\u8d44\u7684
\n\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u503a\u52a1\uff08\u503a\u5238\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\uff09\u548c\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u628a\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5bf9\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u73b0
\n\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a
\n\u54ea\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u5219\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u9884\u7b97\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3
\n\u7b56\uff08\u501f\u94b1\uff0c\u7528\u94b1\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u9760\u503a\u52a1\u8d37\u6b3e\u6295
\n\u8d44\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u597d
\n\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7ea4\u7ef4\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u73b0\u6709\u7684
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\uff0cQuaker\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u8003\u8651\u6295\u8d44\u3000100\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e3a\u582a\u8428\u65af
\n\u57ce\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u65b0\u6dfb\u4e00\u53f0\u9ea6\u7247\u81ea\u52a8\u5305\u88c5\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fd9\u5957\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c
\n\u4eca\u540e\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c31\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u300080\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u3002\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6210
\n\u672c\u53ea\u662f20\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6323\u5f97\u5229\u6da6\u9700\u6309\u300030\uff05\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u9500\u552e\u989d
\n\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8981\u6c42\u5b58\u8d27\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u300010\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5360
\n\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\uff0cQuarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4ece\u519c\u573a\u8d2d\u4e70\u71d5\u9ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u90a3\u91cc\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u5305\u88c5\u76d2\u65f6\u8d4a\u5e10\u30008000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7531\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e\u989d\uff0c\u4ece
\n\u800c\u4f7f\u51c0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e862000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n3\u3000\u5e74\u8fc7\u540e\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06\u62a5\u5e9f\u3002\u4f46\u62a5\u5e9f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u8fd8\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002Quarker\u516c\u53f8\u51c6\u5907\u4ee5\u300010\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c06\u5176\u5356\u7ed9\u58a8
\n\u897f\u54e5\u7684Molino\u3000Grande\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027
\nQuaker\u9ea6\u7247\u5305\u88c5\u8bbe\u5907\u9879\u76ee
\n\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e\u589e\u51cf\u3000\uff0b8
\n\u5356\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u3000\uff0b10
\n\u603b\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u3000\u2026102\u3000\uff0b51\u3000\uff0b51\u3000\uff0b61
\n*\u7a0e\u6b3e\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a
\n\u6536\u5165\u300080
\n\u6210\u672c\u3000\u202620
\n\u6bdb\u5229\u300060
\n\u6298\u65e7\u3000\u202630\uff08100\u202610\uff093
\n\u7a0e\u524d\u5229\u6da6\u300030
\n\u7a0e\u7387\u300030\uff05
\n\u7a0e\u6b3e\u30009
\n\u5728\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u65f6\u8d77\u7740
\n\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6761\u578b\u56fe\uff08Bargraph\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e0d
\n\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7684\u73b0
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u56feA
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u3000\u2026102
\n\u73b0\u5728\u3000\uff0b61\u3000\uff0b51\u3000\uff0b51
\n\u91d1\u6d41\u51fa\u548c\u6d41\u5165\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4f4e\u4e8e\u548c\u9ad8\u51fa\u6c34\u5e73\u7ebf\u7684\u56fe\u578b\u8868\u793a\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6761\u578b\u56fe\u53cd\u6620\u4e86Quaker\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u91d1\u53d1\u751f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u63d0\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u73b0
\n\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u56feB51\uff0b51\uff0b61
\n\uff0b163
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u3000\u2026102
\n\u73b0\u5728
\n\u6216\u8005\u62d6\u5ef6\uff0c\u5176\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u56feC
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u3000\u2026102
\n\u73b0\u5728\u3000\uff0b163
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6761\u578b\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u5f53\u9ea6\u7247\u9879\u76ee\u6709\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u6536\u76ca\u65f6\uff0cQuarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u95f2\u7f6e\u8d44
\n\u91d1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u4e0a\u9762\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cQuarker\u3000\u5206
\n\u522b\u6323\u5f97\u300051\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c51\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u548c\u300061\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u3000A
\n\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6536\u5165\u8981\u6bd4B\u4f8b\u4e2d\u591a\u51fa\u4e24\u5e74\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f1a\u62a5\u7387\u4e3a\u300010\uff05\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cA\u3000\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6536
\n\u76ca\u5c06\u6bd4B\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u9ad8\u51fa34\uff1b230\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u5e95\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u503c\u3000\uff08Accumulated\u3000value\uff09\u662f163\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u52a0\u6323\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u606f\u6536\u5165\u300034\uff1b230\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5171\u503c\u3000197\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u663e
\n\u7136A\u4f8b\u65b9\u6848\u8f83\u597d\u3002
\n\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7
\n\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u6765\u503c\uff08Future\u3000value\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u8d44\u91d1\u5728X\u671f
\n\u5185\u7684\u672a\u6765\u503c=\uff08\u4eca\u5929\u4ef7\u503c\uff09\u00d7\uff081\uff0b\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u7387\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u671f\u9650
\n\u4ee510\uff05\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u4e00\u5e74\u540e1\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n=1\u7f8e\u5143\u00d7\uff081\uff0b0\u300210\uff091=1\u300210
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u5f97\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e58\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8ba1
\n\u7b97\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5546\u52a1\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668
\n\u8981\u5c5e\u60e0\u666e\u300017B\u3000\u548c\u300019B\u3000\u4e24\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u6709\u53f0\u597d\u7684\u3000HP\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u9664\u4e86
\n\u8bc1\u660e\u4f60MBA\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u8fd8\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u5f88\u5728\u884c\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u9644\u5f55\u3000A\u3000\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u7387\u4e0b\u7684\u672a\u6765\u503c\u56e0\u5b50
\n\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u671f\u5185\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5728\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4e3a10\uff05\u65f6\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\uff1a
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u5b50
\n\u4eca\u5929\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4eca\u5929\u503c1\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u6295\u8d44\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u503c1\u3002100\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u6295\u8d44\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u503c1\u3002210\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7528\u3000B\u3000\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u672b\u6536\u5230\u7684\u3000163\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u518d\u6295
\n\u8d44\u51fa\u53bb\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u5176\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\uff1a
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684163\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u00d71\u30022100=\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u503c197\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u6216\u3000197\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u2026163\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143=34\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u5373\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u540e
\n\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u671f\u9650\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u73b0
\n\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u53ca\u600e\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u6323\u6765\u7684\u5229
\n\u6da6\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u3002
\n\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\uff08Net\u3000Present\u3000Value\uff1b\u3000NPV\uff09
\n\u4e00\u4f4d\u6323\u5de5\u8d44\u5403\u996d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u300030\u3000\u5e74\u540e\u80fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u517b\u8001
\n\u91d1\u3002\u3000\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u3000\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u5f00\u59cb\u5b58\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\uff1f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u3000\u9898
\n\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u600e\u6837
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u8d27\u5e01\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u3002Quarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9ea6\u7247\u9879\u76ee\u4eca\u5929\u503c\u6211\u5c11\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u600e
\n\u6837\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f46\u6210\u672c\u662f\u3000150\uff1b000\u3000\u5143\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u53ea\u6709\u56db
\n\u5e74\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1f
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u5219\u662f
\n\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u786e\u5b9a\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u5bf9\u671f\u9650\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82f9\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u3000Tangerine\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u673a\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u51c0\u6323\u30001\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u578b\u5374\u8981\u7528\u65f6\u300010
\n\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u30001\u3000\u4ebf\u5143
\n\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u800c\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u518d\u8bf4\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u7b14
\n\u94b1\u6295\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5de5\u5382\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u51c0
\n\u73b0\u503c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3000Tangerine\u3000\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u8003\u8651
\n\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5224
\n\u65ad\u529b\u6765\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002
\n\u8bc1\u5238\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u5bf9\u8d2d\u4e70\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u503a\u5238\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5bf9\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u7684
\n\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u80a1\u7968\u80fd\u5206\u7ea2\uff0c\u503a\u5238\u5c06\u6765\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u606f\u6536\u5165\u3002\u8bc1\u5238
\n\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u540c\u3000Quarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u51c0
\n\u73b0\u503c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u8d2d\u4e70\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u7528\u4e4b\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u56e0\u610f
\n\u5916\u4f24\u5bb3\u81f4\u6b7b\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u65f6\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u4eec\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6b7b\u8005\u672a\u6765
\n\u80fd\u6323\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6298\u73b0\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u76841\u5143\u94b1\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u6536\u5230\u7684\u30001
\n\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\nQuarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9ea6\u7247\u9879\u76ee\u30003\u3000\u5e74\u5185\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u662f\u3000163\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff0851\uff0b51\uff0b61\uff09\u3002\u548c\u539f\u5148\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u82e5\u5c06\u3000163\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u73b0\u91d1
\n\u6d41\u91cf\u6295\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u300010\uff05\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u6709\u300010\uff05\u5229\u606f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5176\u5b83
\n\u6295\u8d44\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u56de\u62a5\u5c06\u80fd\u591a\u51fa34\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u4f60\u613f\u610f\u6295\u51fa163\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u30003\u5e74\u540e\u53ea\u6536\u56de163\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u5417\uff1f
\n\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\uff01\u5018\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Time
\nvalue\u3000of\u3000money\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u653e\u5f03\u4e8634\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff01
\n\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u8d34\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u548c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
\n\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u51c0\u73b0\u503c=\uff08\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff09\u00d7\uff081\uff0b\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\uff09\u2026\u65f6\u95f4\u671f\u9650
\n\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u94b1\uff0c\u6309\u300010\uff05\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c
\n\u5176\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u73b0\u503c\uff09\u662f\uff1a
\n1\u7f8e\u5143\u00d7\uff081\uff0b10\uff05\uff09\u20261=0\u300290909
\n\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570\u8868\uff08Discount\u3000factors\uff09\u3000\u4e2d\u53ef\u67e5
\n\u51fa\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8d44\u91d1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u671f\u9650\u5185\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u4e0b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u3002
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u300010\uff05\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6298\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570
\n\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u76841\u7f8e\u5143\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u73b0\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u671f\u9650\u5185\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\uff1a
\n\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570
\n\u4eca\u5929\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4eca\u5929\u76841\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u6536\u5230\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4eca\u5929\u76840\u300290909\u7f8e\u5143\u4e8c\u5e74\u540e\u6536\u5230\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4eca\u5929\u76840\u300282645\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u6536\u5230\u76841\u7f8e\u5143=\u4eca\u5929\u76840\u300275131\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cQuarker\u516c\u53f8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u53ef\u6309\u4e0b\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a
\n\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u00d7\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570=\u51c0\u73b0\u503c
\n\u5e74\u521d\u3000\u2026102\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u00d71=\u3000\u2026102\uff1b000\u7f8e\uff08\u4eca\u5929\uff09
\n1\u5e74\u540e\u300051\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u00d70\u300290909=46\uff1b363\u300259\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u4eca\u5929\uff09
\n2\u5e74\u540e\u300051\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u00d70\u300282645=42\u3000\uff1b148\u300295\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u4eca\u5929\uff09
\n3\u5e74\u540e\u300061\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u00d70\u300275131=45\uff1b829\u300291\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u4eca\u5929\uff09
\nQuarker\u9879\u76ee\u51c0\u73b0\u503c=32\uff1b342\u300245\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u4eca\u5929\uff09
\n\u4efb\u4f55\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\uff1a\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u671f\u9650
\n\u548c\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u4e3a10\uff05\uff09\u3002
\n\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0
\n\u969c\u788d\u7387Hurdle\u3000rate\uff09\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u94b1\u7684\u73b0\u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3000\uff08\u89c1
\n\u9644\u5f55\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u969c\u788d\u7387\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u9879
\n\u76ee\u5c31\u5f97\u6323\u56de\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u9879\u76ee
\n\u7684\u969c\u788d\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53bb\u624d\u80fd\u6301\u5e73\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5c06
\n\u6765\u6536\u56de\u8d44\u91d1\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6cb9\u4e95\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9ad8\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5c31\u5f88\u6709 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6765\u6536\u56de\u8d44\u91d1\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6cb9\u4e95\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9ad8\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5c31\u5f88\u6709
\n\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u786e\u6709\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u503a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4f4e\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5219\u66f4\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u4e0d\u5584
\n\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u3000MBA\u3000\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4e13\u957f\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5e38\u5e38\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u969c\u788d\u7387\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709
\n\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u662f\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u5229\u7387\u4f5c
\n\u4e3a\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5e94\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u4f4e
\n\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u501f\u5230\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\n\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387
\n\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\uff08Internal\u3000Rate\u3000of\u3000Return\uff1b\u3000IRR\uff09\u3000\u662f\u51c0\u73b0
\n\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u884d\u53d8\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c06\u6295\u8d44\u989d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6309\u67d0
\n\u4e00\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d34\u73b0\uff0c\u8d34\u73b0\u540e\u7684\u603b\u503c\u6b63\u597d\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u6295\u8d44\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u603b\u989d\u76f8
\n\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\uff08\u5373\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6
\n\u65f6\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u3002
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u8f83\uff08\u8bd5\u5dee\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c
\n\u76f4\u81f3\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u518d\u3000HP\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97
\n\u51fa\u3000IRR\uff09Quarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u662f\u300026\u3002709\uff05\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684
\n\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u7528\u201c26\u3002709\uff05\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570\u201d
\n\u4eca\u59291\u300200\u00d7\uff08\u2026102\uff1b000\uff09\u7f8e\u5143=\u2026102\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u5e74\u540e0\u300278920\u00d751\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143=40\uff1b250\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4e8c\u5e74\u540e0\u300262285\u00d751\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143=31\u3002765\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4e09\u5e74\u540e0\u300249155\u00d761\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143=29\uff0c985\u7f8e\u5143
\nNPV=0
\n\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e76\u6392\u51fa\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u672a\u8003
\n\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5360\u7528\u91cf\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6295\u8d44\u89c4\u6a21\u867d\u7136\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6392\u5728\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u6536\u76ca\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9879\u76ee
\n\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901a\u7528\u7535\u5668\u516c\u53f8\u65a5\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u5927
\n\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5360\u7528\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83
\n\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u65b9\u6cd5\u6392\u5217\u9879\u76ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e
\n\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u969c\u788d\u7387\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u969c\u788d\u7387\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u4ecb
\n\u7ecd\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u5b83\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\uff0cQuarker
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u8d44\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6bd4\u3000Merck\u3000\u516c
\n\u53f8\u6295\u8d44\u745e\u58eb\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u3000Quarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9879\u76ee
\n\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002Quarker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u56e0\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u4f4e\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8
\n\u5bf9\u5c0f\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u300010\uff05\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d34\u73b0\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u3000NPV
\n\u503c\u4e5f\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u98ce\u9669\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u752850\uff05\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5206\u6790\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u9009\u7528\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u73b0\u503c\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6
\n\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002
\n\u6982\u7387\u8bba
\n\u6982\u7387\u8bba\uff08Probability\u3000Theory\uff09\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u59d4\u5a49\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a
\n\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u8fde\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u91cc\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\uff08CPAs\uff09\u4e5f\u80c6\u602f
\n\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u4e00\u8bcd\u80fd\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6765
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8003\u8651\u77f3\u6cb9\u94bb\u4e95\u51fa\u6cb9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u65f6\uff0cSam\u3000\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9
\n\u6848\uff1f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u5341\u6240\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u3000800\u3000\u540d\u5df2\u5a5a\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11
\n\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5934\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\u758f\u8fdc\u5176\u914d\u5076\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u6982\u8bba\u7387\u7684\u6982
\n\u5ff5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5546\u4eba\u60e7\u6015\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u53d1\u6325\u624d\u80fd\u7684
\n\u673a\u4f1a\u3002MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0d\u719f\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d
\n\u8981\u8df3\u8fc7\u672c\u8282\u3002\u6211\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u4ece\u53ea\u7528\u51e0\u9875\u7eb8\u5c31\u8ba9\u4f60\u53d8\u6210\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u901a\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u6211\u6562\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u8010\u5fc3\u8bfb\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u4eca\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9047
\n\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6240\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5e94\u4e8e\u4f55\u65f6\u6c42
\n\u52a9\u4e8e\u522b\u4eba\u3002MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6700\u91cd\u89c6\u4f20\u6388\u5404\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u9645
\n\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002
\n\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\u548c
\n\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Event\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e4b\u548c\u662f\u3000100\uff05\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811
\n\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8868\u793a\u5206\u5e03\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u53eb\u505a\u6982\u7387\u7fa4\u6216\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03
\n\u51fd\u6570\uff08Probability\u3000density\u3000function\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3
\n\u679c\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c31\u4e0d\u5300\u79f0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6982\u7387\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\uff08Probability
\nmass\u3000function\uff09\u3002
\n\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u6982\u7387\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u6bcf\u65e5\u964d\u96e81992\u5e744\u6708\uff0831\u5929\uff09
\n\u964d\u96e8\u5206\u5e03\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5047\u8bbe\u6536
\n\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5217\u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u9644\u540e\u3002
\n\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u6bcf\u65e5\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u8868
\n\uff081992\u5e744\u6708\uff09
\n\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u6bcf\u65e5\u964d\u96e8\u91cf
\n1962\u20141992\uff081240\u5929\uff09
\n\u3000\u3000
\n\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03
\n\u629b\u63b7\u786c\u5e01\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6709\u4e00\u6b63\u4e00\u53cd\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5f97\u5230
\n\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u6b63\u9762\u201d\u7ed3\u679c\u7b97\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u629b\u63b7\u4e24\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5206
\n\u5e03\u5c31\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u3002
\n\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u3000\u6b63\u9762\/\u6b63\u9762
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\/\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u3000\u6b63\u9762\/\u53cd\u9762\uff1b\u53cd\u9762\/\u6b63\u9762
\n\u4e24\u4e2a\u5747\u5931\u8d25\u3000\u53cd\u9762\/\u53cd\u9762
\n\u629b\u63b7\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03
\n\uff08Binomial\u3000distribution\uff09\u3002\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u6210
\n\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u76f8\u7b49\u3002
\n\u8c8c\u4f3c\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee
\n\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u80a1\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u67d0\u6708\u5185\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u6b63\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a
\n\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6216\u6301\u5e73\u65f6\u5c31\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5bf9\u30001957\u3000\u5e74\u81f3\u30001977\u3000\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u3000AT&T\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u6708\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a
\n\u6210\u529f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b056\u30027\uff05\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002
\n\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6309\u6bcf\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff08\u5b63\u5ea6\uff09\u4e00\u7ec4\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458
\n\u53d1\u73b0\u5b9e\u9645\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n#\u6210\u529f\u6b21\u6570\u3000\u53d1\u751f\u9891\u7387
\n0\u30000\u3002088
\n1\u30000\u3002325
\n2\u30000\u3002387
\n3\u30000\u3002200
\n1\u3002000
\n\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u629b\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03
\n\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u3000AT&T\u3000\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u8868\u683c\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6570
\n\u636e\u662f\uff1a
\nr=\u6210\u529f\u53ef\u80fd\u6b21\u6570=0\u52303
\nn=\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6b21\u6570=3\uff08\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u51853\u4e2a\u6708\uff09
\nP=\u6210\u529f\u6982\u7387=56\u30027\uff05
\n\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u8868\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u662f\uff1a
\n#\u6210\u529f\u3000\u671f\u671b\u9891\u7387
\n0\u30000\u3002082
\n1\u30000\u3002318
\n2\u30000\u3002416
\n3\u30000\u3002184
\n1\u3002000
\n\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u3000AT&T\u3000\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u5f53\u63a5
\n\u8fd1\u3002\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6982\u7387\uff08p\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u5185\u8d5a\u94b1\u6708\u4efd\u7684
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u8868\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8d23\u6295
\n\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u8d1f\u8d23\u9500\u552e\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u6790
\n\u9879\u76ee\u6982\u7387\u3001\u786e\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u949f\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e4b\u8ff7
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff08Normal\u3000distribution\uff09\u3000\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u949f\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08Bell\u3000curve\uff09\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7528\u949f\u578b\u66f2
\n\u7ebf\u786e\u5b9a\u5b66\u751f\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u66f2\u7ebf\u8868\u660e\u300015\uff05\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8003\u8bd5\u521a\u521a\u64e6\u8fb9\u53ca
\n\u683c\u3002\u3000\u8fbe\u987f\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e0d\u592a\u6ee1\u610f\u7684C\u3000\uff08\u6781
\n\u683c\uff09\u548c\u3000F\uff08\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e24\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u56ed\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u98ce\u6c14\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u5f53\u6982\u7387\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c31
\n\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u949f\u578b\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u63cf
\n\u8ff0\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u964d\u96e8\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4e24\u5f20\u56fe\u5373\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u51f8\u8d77\u90e8\u5206
\n\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u96c6\u4e2d\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff08Central\u3000Limit\u3000Theorem\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\u5f15\u8d77
\n\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u5448\u4e00\u79cd\u949f
\n\u578b\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u72ec\u7acb
\n\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e34\u8fd1\u3002
\n\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u5f53\u542b\u7cca\u3002\u5728\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5176\u5b9a
\n\u4e49\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5927\u7ec4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03
\n\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e14\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u6781\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d
\n\u5b9a\u9020\u6210\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u6d6e\u52a8\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6216\u76c8\u6216\u4e8f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56de\u62a5
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u201d\u503c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u7528\u5177\u6709\u5e73\u5747\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\n\u6b63\u6001\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf
\n\u949f\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\u53ef\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5373\u4e2d\u9879\uff08Mean\uff09\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u504f
\n\u5dee\uff08Standard\u3000deviation\uff1b\u3000SD\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u9879\uff08\u03bc\uff09\u662f\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c
\n\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u9879\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u662f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e4b\u603b\u548c
\n\u9664\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u03c3\uff09\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u504f\u79bb\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u5bbd\u7a84\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\n\u5728\u6982\u7387\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002
\n\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\u7684\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u4e2d\u503c\u201d
\n\uff08Median\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u9879\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u548c\u201c\u4f17\u6570\u503c\u201d
\n\uff08Mode\uff09\uff1b\u3000\u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u3002
\n\u548c\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5206\u5e03\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b
\n\u548c\u4e3a\u3000100\uff05\u3002\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u66f2\u7ebf\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5df2\u77e5\u7684
\n\u504f\u79bb\u4e2d\u9879\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6982\u7387\u76f8\u540c\u3002
\n\u96f6\u552e\u4e1a\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u978b\u5e97\u8001\u677f\u3000Al\u3000Bundy\u3000\u5148\u751f\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5e97\u91cc\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u80fd\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u987e\u5ba2\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u978b\u5b50\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u978b\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5973\u978b
\n\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8c03\u7814\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002
\n\u4ed6\u5c06\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u753b\u5728\u5750\u6807\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u6b63
\n\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u978b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e5f\u8f93\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6807\u51c6
\n\u504f\u5dee\u6570\u503c\u662f\u201c2\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6240\u6536\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u5377\u4e2d\u7684\u978b\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5e73
\n\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u662f\u201c7\u201d\u3002\u518d\u770b\u4eb2\u624b\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a
\n\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\uff0cAl\u3000Bundy\u3000\u5148\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u66f2
\n\u7ebf\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u539f\u7406\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u66f2\u7ebf\u7ebf\u4e0b\u533a\u57df\uff1a
\nISD=0\u30023413
\n2SD=0\u30024772
\n3SD=0\u300249865
\n4SD=0\u30024999683
\n\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u82e5\u3000Bundy\u5148\u751f\u5e93\u5b58\u978b\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u57285\u20149\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4eba\u7fa4\u7a7f\u978b\u53f7\u7801\u768468\u300226\uff05\uff082\u00d7
\n\u978b\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03
\n0\u30023413\uff09\u3002\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u5982\u679c\u57283\u201411\u3000\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u300095\u300244\uff05\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u978b\u4ece\u30001\u201413\u3000\u53f7\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5149\u987e\u4ed6\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u300099\u300273\uff05
\n\u987e\u5ba2\u5c31\u90fd\u4f1a\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f4e\u4e8e\u30001\u3000\u6216\u9ad8\u4e8e\u300013\u3000\u7684\u7279\u53f7\u978b\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u4ece\u522b\u5904\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002
\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5b66\u6709\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4efb\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u70b9\u5904\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff08\u4e2d\u9879
\n\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u975e\u6574\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\uff09\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u3002\u7528\u6b64\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148
\n\u7b97\u51fa\uff08Z\u3000value\uff09\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\n\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u66f2\u7ebf\u8d22\u52a1\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u521a\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u91d1\u878d\u4e0a\u3002\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6708
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u5148\u950b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff08Pioneer\u3000Aviation\uff09\u80a1\u7968\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u6210\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u5bf9\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5e73\u5747
\n\u503c\u4e3a\u30001\uff05\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u4e3a\u300011\uff05\u3002Gerald\u3000Rasmussen\u3000\u5148\u751f\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4e0b
\n\u4e2a\u6708\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e13\uff05\u6982\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002
\nZ\u3000=
\n\uff0813\u3000\u20261\uff09
\n11
\n=\u30001\u300209\uff08\u79bb\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\uff09
\n\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u5148\u950b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u6708\u80a1\u7968\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u5e73\u5747\u503c
\n\u6bcf\u6708\u80a1\u7968\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u7528\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684Z\u503c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\uff1a
\n\u4ece\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5230\uff1a1\u300209\u3000\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee
\n=0\u30023621\u3002\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u5de6\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f
\n50\uff05\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6216\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u9879\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u300050\uff05\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e\u300013\uff05\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f
\n86\u300221\uff05\uff08\u5373\uff0c36\u300221\uff05\uff0b50\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u300013\uff05\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u300013\u300279\uff05\uff08\u5373\uff0c
\n1\u202686\u300221\uff05\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6982\u7387\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u51b3\u91d1\u878d\u4e0a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5177\u4f53
\n\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u592a\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c
\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u6cca\u677e\u5206\u5e03
\n\uff08Poisson\u3000Distribution\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u56fe\u5f62\u53f3\u4fa7
\n\u5c3e\u90e8\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u90fd\u88ab\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u6001\u5206
\n\u5e03\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u3000\uff08\u3000Cumulative\u3000distribution
\nfunction\uff1bCDF\uff09\u662f\u5bf9\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u5b83\u5206\u6790\u8bf8\u5982\u949f\u578b
\n\u66f2\u7ebf\u7b49\u6982\u7387\u96c6\u5408\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u503c
\n\u65f6\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u201d\u4ece\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e00\u5df2
\n\u77e5\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u7ec4
\n\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u7528\u6765\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u91cf\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3
\n\u679c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002
\n\u4ecd\u4ee5\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u94bb\u4e95\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u5730\u4e0b\u6709\u6cb9\uff0c
\n\u5176\u6cb9\u91cf\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6cb9\u91cf\u4ef7\u503c\u3000\u6982\u7387\u96c6\u5408\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u3000\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u6982\u7387
\n\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e
\n50000\u30000\u3002005\u30000\u3002005
\n75000\u30000\u300201\u30000\u3002015\uff080\u3002005\uff0b0\u300201\uff09
\n150\uff1b000\u30000\u300203\u30000\u3002045\uff080\u300203\uff0b0\u300201\uff0b0\u3002005\uff09
\n200\uff1b000\u30000\u300208\u30000\u3002125
\n300\uff1b000\u30000\u300212\u30000\u3002245
\n750\uff1b000\u30000\u300215\u30000\u3002395
\n1\uff1b100\uff1b000\u30000\u300221\u30000\u3002605
\n1\uff1b200\uff1b000\u30000\u300215\u30000\u3002755
\n1\uff1b400\uff1b000\u30000\u300212\u30000\u3002875
\n1\uff1b700\uff1b00\u30000\u300208\u30000\u3002955
\n2\uff1b000\uff1b000\u30000\u300203\u30000\u3002985
\n2\uff1b500\uff1b000\u30000\u300201\u30000\u3002995
\n6\uff1b000\uff1b000\u30000\u3002005
\n1\u300200
\n1\u300200
\n\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u5148\u950b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u6708\u80a1\u7968\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u5e73\u5747\u503c
\n\u6bcf\u6708\u80a1\u7968\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u5728\u524d\u6587\u7684\u6811\u578b\u56fe\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u5047\u8bbe\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u662f
\n1\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d6\u8be5\u503c\u4e3a\u91c7\u5230\u6cb9\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c
\n\uff08EMV\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u51fa\u6cb9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u5e03\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5e7f\u3002\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u6536\u76ca\u4e3a\u30006\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u30000\u30025\uff05\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u6536
\n\u76ca\u4e3a50\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e5f\u662f\u30000\u30025\uff05\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u53d1\u751f\u6bcf\u4e00\u6982\u7387\u7684\u91d1
\n\u989d\u4e58\u4ee5\u5176\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u524d
\n\u9762\u7528\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c1\uff1b000\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u5f53\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ece\u4f55\u5f00? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u989d\u4e58\u4ee5\u5176\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u524d
\n\u9762\u7528\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c1\uff1b000\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u5f53\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ece\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u5efa\u7acb\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd
\n\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fbf\u53ef\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6216\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002\u753b\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f60\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u3001
\n\u4e2d\u4f4e\u7ed3\u679c\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4f9b\u51b3\u7b56\u7528\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002
\n\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u56fe\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u201cS\u201d\u3002
\n\u5728\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0cSam
\nHouston\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u57280\u3000\u52306\uff1b000\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684
\n\u8fde\u7eed\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4ece\u30000\u3000\u5230\u30001\u30020\u3000\u7684\u6982\u7387\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u7528\u4e2d\u503c\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\uff08Bracket\u3000median\u3000technique\uff09\u5c06\u4e4b\u5206\u6210\u201c\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u3002\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d
\n\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60
\n\u53ef\u5c06\u4e4b\u5206\u6210\u30000\u30021\uff0c0\u30023\uff0c0\u30025\uff0c0\u30027\uff0c0\u30029\u3000\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u5206
\n\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u30000\u3000\u5230\u30000\u30022\uff0c0\u30022\u3000\u5230\u30000\u30024\uff0c0\u30024\u3000\u5230\u30000\u30026\uff0c0\u30026\u3000\u5230\u30000\u30028
\n\u4ee5\u53ca0\u30028\u52301\u30020\u7684\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u533a\u57df\u201d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002
\n\u6982\u7387\u662f\u30000\u30025\u3000\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u5373\u662f\u4e2d\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u8fb9\u5404\u4ee3\u8868
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u5170\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u662f\u524d\u9762\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230
\n\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u4e2d\u503c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5219\u662f\u7528\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6982\u7387\u76f8\u4e58\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u79ef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u524d\u9762\u91c7\u6cb9\u7684\u4e3e
\n\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u51fa\u6cb9\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u662f\u30001\uff1b000\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u51fa\u6cb9\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed3\u679c\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u6cb9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u4e3a\u628a\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u51fa\u91cd\u8981
\n\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6cb9\u4e95\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5168\u90e8
\n\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5176\u6982\u7387\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u6210\u4e00\u201c\u6247\u5f62\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u201c\u4e00\u7ec4\u201d\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6811\u4e0a\u753b\u51fa\u65e0\u9650\u6839\u5206\u679d\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec
\n\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u753b\u51fa\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\n\u8981\u753b\u51fa\u5982\u4e0a\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u56fe\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1
\n\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b
\n\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\n\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6216\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6216\u4f4e\u4e8e50\uff05\uff08\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\u65f6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0810\uff05\u533a\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0890\uff05\u533a\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u94bb\u4e95\u51b3\u7b56\u6811
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570
\nEMV=\u30029\uff07\uff08\u30022\u00d7130\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0b\uff08\u30022\u00d7750\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0b\uff08\u30022\u00d7870
\n\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0b\uff08\u30022\u00d71150\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0b\uff08\u30022\u00d72100\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff07\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u753b\u6210\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u56fe\u3002\u4ece\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6311
\n\u9009\u51fa\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u4e0a\u753b\u51fa\u6811\u679d\u4f3c\u7684\u30005\u3000\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6247\u5f62\u6982\u7387\uff08Even\u3000fan\uff09\u3002
\n\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u671f\u671b\u8d22\u52a1\u503c\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u6837
\n\u7684\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u6b64\u503c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bfb\u8005\u3002
\n\u5229\u7528\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u201c\u76ae\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u56fe\u57fa\u6cd5\u201d
\n\uff08Pearson\u3000Tukey\u3000Method\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7528\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f
\n\u7528\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u30005\uff05\uff0c50\uff05\u548c\u300095\uff05\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206
\n\u522b\u662f18\u30025\uff05\uff0c63\uff05\u548c18\u30025\uff05\u3002
\n\u5728\u5206\u6790\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\uff08Monte\u3000Carlo\uff09\u6a21
\n\u62df\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a2a\u578b\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6982\u7387\u6247\u5f62\u7684
\n\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u6811\u578b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5bf9\u591a
\n\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u201cFortune\u201d
\n\u6742\u5fd7\u8bc4\u9009\u7684\u524d500\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5f53\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5206\u679d\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2f
\n\u8ba1\u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u533a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8fd8\u662f
\n\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u51ed\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u5206\u6790\u95ee
\n\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u5df2\u3002
\n\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9884\u6d4b
\n\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\uff08Linear\u3000Regression\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u7528\u4ee5\u51ed
\n\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u786e\u5b9a\u591a\u79cd\u5546\u4e1a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e00\u65e6
\n\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u5c06\u6765\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52
\n\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u4fc3\u9500\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173
\n\u7cfb\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u76c8\u5229\u3001\u5229\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u548c\u4ea7\u91cf
\n\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5929\u6c14\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8
\n\u5316\u5bf9\u9500\u552e\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u5b89\u3002\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Independent\u3000variable\uff09X\u3000\u8868\u793a\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u5176\u5b83\u6570
\n\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Dependent\u3000variable\uff09Y\u3000\u662f\u9500\u552e\u989d\u3002
\n\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
\n\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u8981\u6c42\u6536\u96c6\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\u6709\u5173\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u9500\u552e\u7684
\n\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a\u3000X\u3000\u8f74\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a\u3000Y\u3000\u8f74\u753b\u51fa\u56fe\u5f62
\n\u6765\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u56de\u5f52\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b
\n\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7b49\u5f0f\u3002\u56de\u5f52\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u753b\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u4e2d\u95f4\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u201d
\n\u4e00\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u201c\u5404\u70b9\u8ddd\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\u8ddd\u79bb\u5dee\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6700\u5c0f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u5e73\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Least\u3000squares\u3000method\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u505a\u5927\u91cf
\n\u6570\u636e\u7684\u52a0\u3001\u51cf\u548c\u76f8\u4e58\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u6216\u3000Lotus1\u2026
\n2\u20263\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u3002
\n\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u590d\u4e60
\n\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u56de\u5f52\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3
\n\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a
\nY=mX\uff0bb
\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cY=\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5982\u9500\u552e\uff09
\nm=\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u659c\u7387\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff09
\nX=\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5982\u96e8\u91cf\uff09
\nb=y\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u622a\u8ddd\uff08\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0e\u7ad6\u8f74\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\uff09
\nLotus1\u20262\u20263\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4
\n\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002Lotus\u3000\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd8\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6761\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u201d
\n\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u80fd\u5426\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u5c06\u6765\u3002
\n\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u4e3e\u4f8b
\nBen&Jerry\u3000\u5148\u751f\u662f\u300020\u3000\u591a\u5bb6\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\u7684\u8001\u677f\u3002\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f
\n\u5230\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e4b\u95f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6
\n\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u524d\u30005\u3000\u5e74\u6bcf\u6708\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53c8\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c14\u8c61\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u67e5\u5230
\n\u5bf9\u5e94\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n10\u300073\u3000600\uff1b000
\n11\u300045\u3000300\uff1b000
\n12\u300036\u3000500\uff1b000
\n\u7528\u3000Lotus\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u56de\u5f52\uff08Data\u3000Regression\uff09\u529f
\n\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e97\u4e3b\u5f97\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u56de\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u5e38\u5a04\u3000\u2026379\uff1b066
\n\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684Y\u503c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u3000243\uff1b334
\nR\u5e73\u65b9\u30000\u3002704
\nX\u7cfb\u6570\u300016\uff1b431
\n\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u30003\uff1b367
\n\u4e0a\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3000Ben&Jerry\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9500\u552e\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6
\n\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u76f4\u7ebf\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5148\u5217\u51fa\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a
\n\u5e38\u6570=b=\u2026379\uff1b066
\nX\u7cfb\u6570=m=16\uff1b431
\n\u5c06\u4e4b\u4ee3\u5165\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\nY=16\uff1b431X\u2026379\uff1b066
\n\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\u753b\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7ed8\u51fa\u8fd9\u6761\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf\u3002
\n\u7528Lotus\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u753b\u51fa\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u9500\u552eBen&Jerry\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u56de\u5f52\u4e3e\u4f8b
\n\u6e29\u5ea6\u00b0F
\n\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u76f4\u7ebf\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u7a7f\u8fc7\u3002\u5c06\u6e29\u5ea6\u503c\u3000X
\n\u4ee3\u5165\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u3000\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u3002\u5728Ben&Jerry
\n\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a\u300060F\u00b0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6708\u9500\u552e\u989d\u5e94\u4e3a\u3000606\uff1b794
\n\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5373
\nY=\uff0816431\u00d760F\u00b0\uff09\u2026379\uff1b066=606\uff1b794\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u9500\u552e\u989d\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff1f
\n\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ece\u3000Lotus\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c
\n\uff08Regression\u3000Output\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002
\nR\u5e73\u65b9\u91ca\u4e49
\nR\u3000\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316
\n\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6570\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u9500\u552e\u53d8\u52a8\u7684
\n70\u30024\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e
\n\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d77\u5f71\u54cd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u80fd\u8fbe\u523030\uff05\u7684\u3000R\u3000\u5e73
\n\u65b9\u503c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5929\u6c14\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6240
\n\u505a\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u5238\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u5e97\u8425\u4e1a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u5f53\u5fc3\uff01\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u5206\u6307\u671b\u56de\u5f52\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff01\u5173\u4e8e\u6e29\u5ea6
\n\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\u4e5f\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u3002\u56de\u5f52
\n\u5e76\u6ca1\u8bf4\u201c\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u786e\u5b9e\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u9500\u552e\u7684\u53d8\u652f\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u7684
\n\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u4e4b
\n\u4e3a\u597d\u3002
\n\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u8bf8\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u6c14\u6e29\u548c\u51b0\u6dc7
\n\u6dcb\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u5229
\n\u606f\u548c\u623f\u5c4b\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5229\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u9500\u552e\u5c31\u6162\u3002\u5728\u8fd9
\n\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cX\u3000\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u5982\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f5c
\n\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002
\n\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u91ca\u4e49
\nLotus\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u201cY\u3000\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u548c\u3000X\u3000\u7cfb\u6570\u201d\u662f\u56de\u5f52
\n\u7ebfY\u503c\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u548c\u3000X\u7cfb\u6570\u4e4b\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u3000Ben&Jerry
\n\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684Y\u503c\uff08\u9500\u552e\uff09\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u572868\uff05\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u8981\u52a0\u3001
\n\u51cf243\uff1b334\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0cX\u3000\u7cfb\u6570\uff08\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u6807\u51c6
\n\u8bef\u5dee\u662f\u30003367\u3002\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c
\n\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684
\n\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002
\n\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684T\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5
\nT\u3000\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\uff08T\u3000Statistic\uff09\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u3000Lotus\u3000\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002T\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u662f\u3000X\u3000\u53d8
\n\u91cf\u5bf9\u3000Y\u3000\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c14\u6e29\u5bf9\u9500\u552e\u7684
\n\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u3000X\u3000\u9664\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u5927\u62c7\u6307
\n\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u3000T\u3000\u7edf\u8ba1\u9ad8\u4e8e\u30002\u3000\u6216\u4f4e\u4e8e\u20262\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u3000X\u3000\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u3000Y\u3000\u5c31\u6709
\n\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u300216\uff1b431\u00f73\uff1b367=4\u300288\uff0c
\n\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\u3000T\u3000\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u503c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u6c14\u6e29\u5bf9
\n\u9500\u552e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002
\n\u5728\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u5426\u4f5c\u4e3a\u597d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u3000R\u3000\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u3000T\u3000\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u53ea
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u3000X\u3000\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53eb\u591a\u91cd\u53d8\u91cf\u56de\u5f52\uff08Multivariable
\nregression\uff09\u3002\u968f\u7740\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0cR\u3000\u5e73\u65b9\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46
\n\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u589e\u52a0\u3000T\u3000\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f4e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3000X\u3000\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c
\n\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u6389\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u3000R\u3000\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u548c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684T\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u503c\u3002
\n\u865a\u62df\u53d8\u91cf\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790
\n\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Dummy
\nvariables\uff09\u8868\u793a\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u30000\u3000\u548c
\n1\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u3000Toys\u201cR\u201dUs\u3000\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u5b63\u8282\u5185\u70ed\u9500\u7684\u73af
\n\u5177\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9500\u91cf\u6025\u5267\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u975e\u6570\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u6761
\n\u4ef6\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u865a\u62df\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u7528\u201c1\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65e0
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u7528\u201c0\u201d\u8868\u793a\u3002
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u3000Toys\u201cR\u201dUs\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5546\u5e97\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002
\n\u65e5\u671f\u3000\u70ed\u9500\u73a9\u5177\u5e93\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5
\n\uff081=\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\uff0c0=\u65e0\u5e93\u5b58\uff09
\n\u9500\u552e\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n92\/12\/1\u30000\u3000100\uff1b000
\n92\/12\/2\u30000\u3000100\uff1b000
\n92\/12\/3\u30001\u3000200\uff1b000
\n92\/12\/4\u30001\u3000200\uff1b000
\n92\/12\/5\u30000\u3000100\uff1b000
\n92\/12\/6\u30001\u3000200\uff1b000
\n92\/12\/7\u30000\u3000200\uff1b000
\n\u7528\u3000Lotus\u3000\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u9500\u73a9\u5177\u548c\u9500\u552e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56de
\n\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a
\n\u56de\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u5e38\u6570\u3000100\uff1b000
\nY\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u30000\u3002001
\nR\u5e73\u65b9\u30001\u300200
\nX\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u3000100\uff1b000
\n\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u30000\u30020009
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u3000R\u3000\u5e73\u65b9\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u53d8\u5316
\n\u91cf\u662f\u3000100\uff05\uff0cT\u3000\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u503c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002T\u3000\u578b\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a5\u8fd1\u65e0\u7a77
\n\uff08100\uff1b000\/0\u30020009\uff09\u3002\u65e0\u70ed\u9500\u73a9\u5177\u65f6\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\u662f\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u9500\u73a9\u5177\u65f6\u7684\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u80fd\u518d\u591a\u589e\u52a0\u3000100\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u7528Lotus\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a
\n\u9500\u552e=100\uff1b000X\u7f8e\u5143\uff0b100\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eba\u60f3\u4e70\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8d27\uff0c\u5219\u3000X=1\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u589e
\n\u81f3200\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u8d27\uff0c\u5219\u3000X=0\uff0c\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\u662f100\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e
\n\u5143\u3002\u865a\u62df\u53d8\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u628a\u65e0\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u5e93\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8282\u5047
\n\u65e5\u7b49\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6709\u7ea7\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u5229\u7387\u3001\u6b8b\u6b21\u54c1\u7b49\uff0c
\n\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u7528\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b83\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6cd5\uff08Time\u3000series\u3000techniques\uff09\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6
\n\u95f4\u5185\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed8\u753b\u51fa\u7684\u6c14\u6e29
\n\u548c\u9500\u552e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u5e76\u672a\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56de\u5f52\u5173\u7cfb\u5206
\n\u6790\u5e76\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5b63\u8282\u5bf9\u3000Ben&Jerry’s\u3000\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6cd5\u5728\u7ed8\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5
\n\u56fe\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u5206\u79bb\u62103\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a
\n\u5f3a\u8c03\u8d8b\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u3001\u5e73\u7a33\uff08\u957f\u671f\u8861\u91cf\uff09
\n\u5468\u671f\u2014\u2014\u5c0f\u65f6\u3001\u6bcf\u65e5\u3001\u6bcf\u5468\u3001\u6bcf\u6708\uff08\u77ed\u671f\u8861\u91cf\uff09
\n\u610f\u5916\u53d8\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u5de7\u5408\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u610f\u5916\u6216\u4e0d
\n\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u52a8
\n\u56de\u5f52\u548c\u53d8\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u662f\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8b\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u5468\u671f\u7684\u3002
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u70e6\u7410\uff0c\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684
\n\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f60\u81f3
\n\u5c11\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002
\n\u603b\u7ed3
\n\u672c\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898
\n\u00b7\u786e\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u2014\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u5206
\n\u6790
\n\u00b7\u7528\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u5c06\u4e0d \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u603b\u7ed3
\n\u672c\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898
\n\u00b7\u786e\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u2014\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u5206
\n\u6790
\n\u00b7\u7528\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u5c06\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u91cf\u5316
\n\u00b7\u7528\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b
\n\u5c06\u6765
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\uff08KEY\u3000QA\u3000TADEAWAYS\uff09Decision\u3000Trees\u2026A\u3000way\u3000to\u3000graphically\u3000show\u3000and\u3000quantify
\nmultiple\u3000outes\u3000of\u3000a\u3000business\u3000decision
\nSunk\u3000Cost\u2026Investments\u3000made\u3000in\u3000the\u3000past\u3000that\u3000have\u3000no
\nbearing\u3000on\u3000future\u3000investment\u3000decisions
\nExpected\u3000Monetary\u3000Value\uff08EMV\uff09\u2026The\u3000blended\u3000value\u3000of\u3000a
\ndecision\u3000based\u3000on\u3000the\u3000probabilities\u3000and\u3000malues\u3000of\u3000all
\npossible\u3000outes
\nAccumulated\u3000Value\u2014The\u3000total\u3000future\u3000value\u3000of\u3000cash
\nfolws\u3000with\u3000all\u3000earnings\u3000reinvested
\nNet\u3000Present\u3000Value\uff08NPV\uff09\u2014The\u3000total\u3000puesent\u3000value\u3000of
\nall\u3000cash\u3000flows\u3003discounted\u3003to\u3000today’s\u3000dollars
\nInternal\u3000Rate\u3000of\u3000Return\uff08IRR\uff09\u2014The\u3000discount\u3000rate\u3000that
\nmakes\u3000the\u3000Net\u3000Present\u3000Value\u3000Value\u3000of\u3000the\u3000cash\u3000flows\u3000equal
\n0\u3000in\u3000today’s\u3000dollars
\nProbability\u3000Distributions\u2014The\u3000graph\u3000of\u3000all\u3000possible
\noutes\u3000with\u3000their\u3000respective\u3000probabilities\u3000of
\noccurring
\nBinomial\u3000Distributions\u2014Probability\u3000distribution
\nwith\u3000only\u3000two\u3000possible\u3000outes
\nNormal\u3000Distributions\u2014The\u3000bell\u2014shaped\u3000probability
\ndistribution\u3000of\u3000all\u3000possible\u3000outes
\nStandard\u3000Deviation\uff08\u3000\u03c3\u3000\uff09\u3000\u2014\u3000The\u3000measure\u3000of\u3000the
\ndispersion\uff08width\uff09of\u3000the\u3000normal\u3000distribution
\nMean\uff08\u03bc\uff09\u2014The\u3000arithmetic\u3000average\u3000of\u3000all\u3000outes
\nZ\u3000Value\u2014A\u3000tool\u3000to\u3000measure\u3000probabilities\u3000of\u3000specific
\nsituations\u3000on\u3000the\u3000normal\u3000distribution\u3000curve
\nCumulative\u3000Distribution\u3000Function\uff08CDF\uff09\u2014A\u3000form\u3000of\u3000the
\nnormal\u3000distribution\u3000that\u3000shows\u3000the\u3000probability\u3000of\u3000being
\nless\u3000than\u3000or\u3000equal\u3000to\u3000all\u3000possible\u3000outes
\nRegression\u2014A\u3000mathematical\u3000method\u3000of\u3000forecasting
\nusing\u3000line\u3000equations\u3000to\u3000explain\u3000the\u3000relationships\u3000between
\nmultiple\u3000causes\u3000and\u3000effects\u7b2c6\u5929\u3000\u91d1\u878d
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u5546\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784
\nBETA\u98ce\u9669
\n\u6709\u6548\u524d\u7f18\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u6709\u6548\u5e02\u573a\u5047\u8bf4
\n\u6295\u8d44\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u8d34\u73b0\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41
\n\u80a1\u606f\u589e\u503c\u6a21\u578b
\n\u8d44\u672c\u9884\u7b97
\n\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784
\n\u5206\u7ea2\u653f\u7b56
\n\u6536\u8d2d\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76
\n\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u5f53\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u6709\u300010\uff1b000\u3000\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5c31\u5e2e\u4f60\u5356\u51fa
\n\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u80fd\u6323\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u94b1\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u522b\u4eba\u3002
\n\u6211\u8981\u5f53\u4e2a\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u3002\u6211\u8981\u6709\u4e2a\u5927\u623f\u5b50\u3002\u771f\u597d\u73a9\u3002\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a7\u5c81\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u8bf4\u3002
\n\uff08\u6458\u81ea\u9ea6\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5218\u6613\u65af\u7684\u300a\u7f16\u5b50\u7684\u6251\u514b\u724c\u300b\u201c\u6211\u957f\u5927\u4ee5\u540e\u505a\u4ec0
\n\u4e48\u201d\uff09
\n\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6700\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u3002\u8fde\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e5f\u90fd\u68a6\u60f3
\n\u7740\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u5927\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ea\u6709\u6295
\n\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u4ece\u4e8b\u5de8\u5ba2\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u3001\u673a\u654f\u7684\u3000MBA
\n\u4eec\u4e0d\u7531\u5730\u6697\u81ea\u7a83\u559c\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\u30021987\u3000\u5e74\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5d29\u6e83
\n\u4ee4\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u7f8e\u68a6\u6210\u4e86\u6ce1\u5f71\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ea\u597d\u653e\u4e0b\u67b6\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u8ba9
\n\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u91cc\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u4eec
\n\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002
\n\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u867d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u5f80\u76ee\u7684\u98ce\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u5e72\u5f97\u8fd8
\n\u662f\u6ee1\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002\u540d\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u548c\u975e\u672c\u4e13\u4e1a
\n\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u540c\u884c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u4e5f\u9ad8\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u534e
\n\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u6bcf\u5e74\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u591a\u62ff\u30002\u20263\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b
\n\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u63d0\u62d4\u6709MBA\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\n\u9700\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u672c\u7ae0
\n\u65f6\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u91cd\u89c6\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5176
\n\u5b83\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u5bf9\u4f60\u4e0d\u5229\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u91cc\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5e38\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u91cf
\n\u5206\u6790\u4e24\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77
\n\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u9500\u552e
\n\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4e1a\u7ee9\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u4eec\u5219\u5728
\n\u52aa\u529b\u5411\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\u63a8\u9500\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6781\u529b\u5411\u8001\u5ba2\u6237\u4eec\u515c\u552e\u7740\u65b0
\n\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u672c\u8d28
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a
\n\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8ffd\u9010\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ec4
\n\u5efa\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5408\u6cd5\u4f01\u4e1a
\n\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Business\u3000structure\uff09\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684
\n\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u51fa\u4e8e\u7a0e\u52a1\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u9009
\n\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
\n\u72ec\u8d44\uff08Proprietorships\uff09
\n\u72ec\u8d44\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4f5c\u72ec\u81ea\u6240\u6709\uff08sole\u3000proprietorship\uff09\uff0c\u662f
\n\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u592b\u59bb\u5e97\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u72ec\u81ea\u4eab\u6709\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u72ec\u81ea
\n\u627f\u62c5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u4e8f\u635f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0d\u5584\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u62b5\u62bc\u8fd8\u503a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u6709\u65f6
\n\u6253\u5de5\u5356\u996e\u6599\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u767b\u8bb0\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6536\u5165\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6536\u5165\u52a0
\n\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u5206
\n\u5f00\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u7b79\u63aa\u5230\u8d44\u91d1\u3002
\n\u5408\u4f19\u5236\uff08Partnerships\uff09
\n\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u51d1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u7acb\u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u9009\u7528\u5408\u4f19\u5236\u3002\u4e0e\u72ec
\n\u8d44\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u540c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6536
\n\u5165\u5408\u5e76\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u5408\u4f19\u5236\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5408\u4f19\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5408
\n\u4f19\uff08General\u3000partnership\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u9700
\n\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u627f\u62c5\u65e0\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1990\u3000\u5e74\uff0cLaventhol\u3000&\u3000Horwath\u3000\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u56e0
\n\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e86\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u5408\u4f19\uff08Limited\u3000partnership\uff09\u3002\u6709\u9650
\n\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6240\u6295\u8d44\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6709\u9650\u201d\u7684\u5408
\n\u4f19\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u52d8\u63a2\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8d77\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c\u300090\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u623f
\n\u5730\u4ea7\u516c\u53f8\u7eb7\u7eb7\u7834\u4ea7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5408\u4f19\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e22\u4e0b\u5df2\u6295\u8d44\u5374\u53c8
\n\u6839\u672c\u79df\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u7a7a\u8361\u8361\u7684\u529e\u516c\u697c\u62ac\u811a\u8d70\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5408\u4f19\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684
\n\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u62f4\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u548c\u72ec\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64
\n\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u878d\u8d44\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u51fa\u8ba9\u80a1\u4efd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\uff08Corporations\uff09
\n\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u6307\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6ce8\u518c\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6295\u8d44\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5b9e
\n\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u548c\u6709
\n\u9650\u5408\u4f19\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u52a1\u53ea\u627f\u62c5\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u65e6
\n\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4e0d\u8ffd\u7a76\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u80a1\u7968\uff08Shares\u3000of\u3000stock\u3000\uff09
\n\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u53ef\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff0c\u4e70\u5356
\n\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e70\u5356\u80a1\u7968\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u65ad\u516c\u53f8\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u6295
\n\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8ffd\u52a0
\n\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u53d1\u65b0\u80a1\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u8fd8
\n\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u7275\u8fde\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u53f8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u88ab\u53cc\u91cd\u5f81\u7a0e
\n\uff08Double\u3000taxation\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9700\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u80a1
\n\u4e1c\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u5f97\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u5219\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u800c\u9700
\n\u91cd\u590d\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u548c\u5f8b\u5e08\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u3000C
\nCorp\u3000\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u3000Subchapter\u3000S\u3000Corp\u3000\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u300035\u3000\u4eba\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u5f97\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u5408\u4f19\u5236\u4e00
\n\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7eb3\u7a0e\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7eb3\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5
\n\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u516c\u53f8\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u8fd9\u4e00\u597d\u5904\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u91d1\u878d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u5374\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92
\n\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5165\u624b\u3002\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u91d1\u878d\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u98ce\u5149
\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u603b\u662f\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u5934\u6761\u65b0\u95fb\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u4e0a\u5e02\u80a1\u7968\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8
\n\u5173\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u5728\u6218\u58d5\u91cc\u201d\u57cb\u5934\u5de5
\n\u4f5c\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u4e0d\u65ad\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u6536\u8d2d\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002
\n\u4e24\u8005\u5f7c\u6b64\u8054\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u90e8\u95e8\u62c5\u8d1f\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5
\n\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u8f83\u4e3a\u98ce\u5149\u7684\u9886\u57df\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u6295\u8d44\uff08Investments\uff09
\n\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u56de\u62a5
\n\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u5546\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u6323\u5f97
\n\u5229\u6da6\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u8574\u542b\u7740\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6536
\n\u5165\uff1f\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f30\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u5728
\n\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8d34\u73b0\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c
\n\u539f\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u8be5\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u50cf\u8001\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u9700\u8981
\n\u4f60\u53cd\u590d\u7ffb\u9605\u3002
\n\u91d1\u878d\u91cc\u6700\u5f3a\u8c03\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u56de\u62a5\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u6295\u8d44\u7684
\n\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u84c4
\n\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\uff08FDIC\uff09\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u5355\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u5c31\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u77f3\u6cb9
\n\u94bb\u4e95\u5c31\u8981\u5192\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u50a8\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u90a3
\n\u4e48\u56de\u62a5\u9ad8\u5f97\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u5956\u3002
\n\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff08Systematic\u3000risk\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u4ea7\u6709\u5173
\n\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u4ea7\u662f\u6307\u80a1\u7968\u3001\u503a\u6743\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b
\n\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u516c\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u65f6\uff08\u5373\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u725b
\n\u5e02\uff08Bull\u3000market\uff09\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u4f7f\u4f1a\u6500\u5347\u3002\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u64a4\u51fa\u80a1
\n\u5e02\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u548c\u30001929\u3000\u5e74\u548c\u30001987\u3000\u5e74\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\u62a5\u7eb8\u5934\u6761\u65b0
\n\u95fb\u4e2d\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u4e0b\u86cb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7194\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u7cfb
\n\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\u5229\u7387\u548c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u505a\u4fdd\u79cd\u6295
\n\u8d44\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u53ea\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b
\n\u4e3a\u72ec\u6709\u7684\uff08Unique\uff09\u6216\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff08Unsystematicrisk\uff09\u3002
\n\u6295\u8d44\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u7c7b\u98ce\u9669\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u4e70\u4e86\u8fea\u65af
\n\u5c3c\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u53ef\u7c73\u5947\u732b\u5374\u4e0d\u5e78\u5f97\u4e86\u611f\u5192\uff0c\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0b\u8dcc\u3002
\n\u907f\u514d\u548c\u8865\u507f\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u6295\u8d44\u591a\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u4eba\u4eec
\n\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u6563\u98ce\u9669\uff08Diversification\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u5927
\n\u91cf\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u5373\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\uff08Portfolio\uff09\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005
\n\u7528\u76c8\u5229\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u8865\u507f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u76c8\u5229\u80a1\u7968\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u3002
\n\u98ce\u9669\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5373
\n\u4ee5\u5f80\u80a1\u7968\u6536\u76ca\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5316\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002BETA\uff1a\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u98ce\u9669
\n\u4ee5\u3000IBM\u3000\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u662f\u6bcf
\n\u65e5\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u628a
\n\u4ee5\u5f80\u6709\u5173\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u72b6
\n\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u964d\u96e8\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u978b\u5b50\u5c3a\u7801\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u4e00
\n\u6837\u3002\u7528\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u957f
\n\u671f\u5e73\u5747\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u662f\u300012\u30021\uff05\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u662f\u300021\u30021\uff05\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u5185\uff0c
\n\u5e02\u573a68\uff05\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5e74\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u90fd\u5728\u20269\u30021\uff05\u523033\uff05
\n\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002
\n\u9664\u7528\u56fe\u8868\u8bf4\u660e\u80a1\u7968\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u6027\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u628a\u4e00
\n\u79cd\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6ce2\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u8ddf\u6574\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ee5
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83
\n\u6295\u8d44\u4e00\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u4e0e\u6301\u6709\u201c\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u6307\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u666e\u5c14\u3000500\u3000\u5bb6\u201d
\n\uff08Standard\u3000&\u3000Poor’s\u3000500\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u5217\u7684\u3000500\u3000\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f
\nWilshire\u30005000\u3000\u7684\u30005000\u3000\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u7ecf\u201d\uff08Nikkei\uff09
\n\u6307\u6570\u662f\u6307\u4ee3\u8868\u65e5\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u7684225\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9053\u743c\u65af\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e73\u5747\u6307\u6570\uff08Dow\u3000Jones\u3000Industrial
\nAverage\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u3000\uff08\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7684\uff09\u3000\u5927\u884c\u60c5\u724c\u3000\uff08The\u3000Big\u3000Board\uff09\uff0c
\n\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u768430\u5bb6\u5927\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5982AT&T\uff0c\u3000IBM\uff0c
\n3M\uff0cGM\uff0cP&G\uff0cCoca\u2026Co\u2026la\uff0cBoeing\u548c\u3000Exxon\u3000\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684
\n\u8fc7\u5206\u6e32\u67d3\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff08NYSE\uff09\u6302\u724c\u4ea4\u6613
\n\u7684\u9053\u743c\u65af\u300030\u3000\u79cd\u84dd\u7b79\u80a1\uff08Blue\u3000Chip\uff09\u80a1\u7968\u5177\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c
\n\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u968f\u5e02\u573a\u540c\u6b65\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u89c6\u4e3a
\n1\u3002\u4ea8\u6c0f\u98df\u54c1\uff08Heinz\u3000Foods\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u540c\u6b65\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u8be5
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u662f\u30001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u52a8\u7684
\n\u65b9\u5411\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684BETA\u503c\u4e3a\u20261\u3002
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u80a1\u7968\u7684
\nBETA\u503c\u7684\u786e\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002Pegasus\u3000Gold\u91d1\u77ff\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u3000BETA\u503c\u662f\u30000\u300245\u3002
\n\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u8dcc\u65f6\uff0c\u8d77\u7740\u4fdd\u503c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9
\n\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u80a1\u4ef7\u51fa\u73b0
\n\u4e0d\u540cBETA\u503c\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u53d8\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5
\nBeta\u503c\u4e3a1\u3000\u3000\u3000Beta\u503c\u4e3a0\u300250\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Beta\u503c\u4e3a1\u300275
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u671f\u671b\u7684
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff05\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff05\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56de \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n Beta\u503c\u4e3a1\u3000\u3000\u3000Beta\u503c\u4e3a0\u300250\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Beta\u503c\u4e3a1\u300275
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u671f\u671b\u7684
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff05\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff05\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff05\u65f6\u95f4\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65f6\u95f4\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65f6\u95f4
\nM=\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u52a8\u3000\u3000I=\u5355\u4e00\u80a1\u7968\u5f0f\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u53d8\u52a8
\n\u666e\u904d\u6500\u5347\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u91d1\u77ff\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u7535\u529b\u8bbe
\n\u65bd\u7684BETA\u503c\u4e5f\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u82e5\u3000BETA\u503c\u4e3a\u30000\uff0c\u8be5\u79cd\u80a1\u7968
\n\u5219\u65e0\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u3000BETA
\n\u503c\u80fd\u6b63\u597d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5e02\u573a\u600e\u4e48\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d
\n\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cBiogen\u3000\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u7684
\nBETA\u3000\u503c\u4e3a\u30001\u300275\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u6bcf\u53d8\u52a8\u30001\uff05\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u53d8\u52a8
\n1\u300275\uff05\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u5c45\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u3000MCI\u3000munications\u3000\u548c\u3000Wal\u2026
\nMart\u7684BETA\u503c\u90fd\u662f1\u30022\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u901a\u76d8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u540e
\n\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6295\u8d44\u4e00\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u6574
\n\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9009\u914d\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5f97\u5f53\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5c31
\n\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u3000Fidelity’s\u3000Magellan\u3000Fund\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u3000150\u3000\u4ebf
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e92\u52a9\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5c31\u6295\u8d44\u4e86\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684
\n\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0cBETA\u3000\u503c\u5e76\u975e\u51ed\u7a7a\u634f\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6709\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5f97
\n\u5230\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u4e00\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a
\n\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u9664\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u5f97\u5230\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u5446\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u8d22\u52a1\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0cValue\u3000Line\u3000Survey\u3000\u8fd9\u7c7b
\n\u6295\u8d44\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4e3a\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u7701\u5f97\u4f60\u82b1\u65f6
\n\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7531\u4e8eBETA\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u70e6\u7410\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5904\u7565\u53bb\u3002
\n\u6709\u6548\u524d\u7f18\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ec4\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a
\nBETA\u503c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a
\n\u6709\u6548\u524d\u7f18\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff05
\n\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0
\n\u53ef\u884c
\n\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u98ce\u9669\uff0cBeta
\n\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u524d\u7f18\u66f2\u7ebf\u3000\uff08Efficient
\nfrontier\uff09\u3002\u6709\u6548\u524d\u7f18\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u53ef\u884c
\n\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u66f2\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
\n\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Capital\u3000asset\u3000pricing
\nmodel\uff1b\u3000CAPM\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u901a\u76d8\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u548c
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u671f\u671b\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u516c
\n\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0cCAPM\u3000\u4e2d\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u662f\u65e0\u98ce\u9669\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u52a0\u975e\u7cfb
\n\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u4fee\u6b63\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684BETA\u503c\u3002
\nKe=Rf\uff0b\uff08Km\u2026Rf\uff09Beta
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6295
\n\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u65e0\u98ce\u9669
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u5e02\u573a\u5e73\u5747
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u65e0\u98ce\u9669
\n\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3000=\u3000\uff0b\u3000\u2026
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7\u3000\u2032\u3000Beta
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u3000IBM\u3000\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u624d\u503c\u5f97\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u5148\u4ece\u3000Value\u3000Line\u3000Survey\u3000\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u67e5\u5230\u3000IBM\u3000\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88BETA\u503c1\u30022\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u53c8\u4ece\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\uff08The\u3000Wall\u3000Street
\nJournal\uff09\u4e0a\u5f97\u77e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u56fd\u5e93\u5238\u7684\u65e0\u98ce\u9669\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u662f\u30008\uff05\uff1b\u7ecf\u8fc7
\n\u5bf9\u30001926\u3000\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u666e\u5c14\u3000500\u3000\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u56de\u62a5
\n\u7387\u9ad8\u51fa\u6295\u8d44\u65e0\u98ce\u9669\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u56fd\u5e93\u5238\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u7684\u30007\u30024\uff05\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u30003
\n\u79cd\u3000CAPM\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6295\u8d44\u3000IBM\u3000\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\n\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u662f16\u30028\uff05\u3002
\n8\uff05\uff0b\uff087\u30024\uff05\uff09\u00d71\u30022=16\u30028\uff05
\n\u5c06\u5927\u7684\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u4ee3\u5165\u3000CAPM\u3000\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f2\u7ebf\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u7ebf\uff08Security\u3000Market\u3000Line\uff0cSML\uff09\u3002
\n\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbeIBM\u3000\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u662f\u300012\uff05\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7528
\nCAPM\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u7684\u6295\u8d44
\n\u8005\u8fd9\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u5356\u6389\u3000IBM\u3000\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u82e5\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7528\u3000CAPM\u3000\u516c
\n\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u671f\u671b\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fd9\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u7ebf
\n\u6709\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u4f59\u5730
\n\u5b9a\u4ef7\u8fc7\u9ad8
\n\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\nBeta\uff08\u98ce\u9669\uff09
\nRf=\u65e0\u98ce\u9669\u7387\u3000\u3000Km=\u5e02\u573a\u7387
\n\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4f3c\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u3000CAPM\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u56de
\n\u62a5\u7387\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u6709
\n\u4e5e\u7075\u4e0a\u82cd\u4e86\u3002
\n\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9CAPM\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u57281992\u5e74Forbes\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300aBeta\uff0c\u518d\u89c1\uff01\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005David\u3000Dreman
\n\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5bf9\u3000BETA\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6700
\n\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03BETA\u3000\u503c\u5df2\u65e0\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u3000Fama
\n\u548cFrench\u3000\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cCAPM\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u957f\u671f
\n\u4e1a\u7ee9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u5f80\u53d8\u52a8\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3000BETA
\n\u503c\u540c\u5c06\u4e1a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6050\u4e5f\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\u4f1a\u843d
\n\u5f97\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc4\u4eca\u8c01\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u597d
\n\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u4ecd\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002
\n\u6709\u6548\u5e02\u573a\u5047\u8bf4
\n\u4ece\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u7ebf\uff08SML\uff09\u56fe\u5f62\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7
\n\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u53c8\u6d89\u53ca\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5e02\u573a\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u5145
\n\u5206\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u8fd8\u7559\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f59\u5730\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u6709\u6548\u5e02\u573a\u5047\u8bf4\uff08Efficient
\nMarket\u3000Hypothesis\uff0cEMH\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6307\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620
\n\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u80fd\u8df3\u51fa\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u800c\u201c\u8d62
\n\u5f97\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u83b7\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ade\u4e89\u5f02\u5e38\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4e14\u4eba\u6570
\n\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5df2\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e02\u6302\u724c\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6709\u6548\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\uff1a\u4f4e\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u9ad83\u79cd\u3002
\n\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4f4e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f
\n\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9020\u6210\u4ee5
\n\u5f80\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u518d\u5bf9\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u56fe\u505a\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u9884
\n\u6d4b\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u591a\u5927\u7528\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5
\n\u548c\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5219\u53ef\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u83b7\u53d6\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6
\n\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002
\n\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e2d\u7b49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f
\n\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5df2\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u82e5\u65e0
\n\u5185\u90e8\u60c5\u62a5\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u770b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u662f\u6323\u4e0d\u5230\u8d85\u5e38\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u56de\u62a5
\n\u7684\u3002\u8bc1\u5238\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Securities\u3000and\u3000Exchange\u3000mission\uff0c
\nSEC\uff09\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2a\u8b66\u5bdf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u5185\u90e8\u60c5\u62a5\u4ea4\u6613\u3002
\n\u9605\u8bfb\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u57fa\u672c
\n\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed9\u4f60\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\n\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9ad8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e02\u573a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u5df2\u5145
\n\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u591a\u5c11
\n\u6709\u4e9b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5c31\u62ff\u4e00\u4f8b\u66fe\u5e7f\u4e3a\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a
\n\u7684Ivan\u3000Boesky\uff0cDennis\u3000Levine\u3000\u548c\u3000Michael\u3000Milken\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531
\n\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u60c5\u62a5\u800c\u635e\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f53
\n\u6e20\u9053\u5219\u662f\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u80fd\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5929\u771f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u663e\u7136\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f
\n\u811a\u3002\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u8f83\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u5426\u8ba4\u6709
\n\u6548\u5e02\u573a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8f83\u5f31\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ee5\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u7814
\n\u7a76\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u9884\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u56fe\u5f62
\n\u5f62\u72b6\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u81ea\u30001980\u3000\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u6700\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6570
\n\u7531Dan\u3000Sullivan\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u56fe\u8868\u5206\u6790\u5458\u201d\uff08The\u3000Chartist\uff09
\n\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4fe1\u606f\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6295\u8d44\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u8d34\u73b0\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u51c0
\n\u73b0\u503c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\n\u4eca\u5929\u6301\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u7f8e
\n\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6295\u8d44\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u73b0
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5e93\u503a\u5238\u6536\u76ca\u66f2\u7ebf\uff081992\u5e746\u6708\uff09
\n\u5229\u7387
\n\u6708\u6708\u5e74\u5e74\u5e74\u5e74\u5e74\u5e74\u5e74
\n\u77ed\u671f\u3000\u4e2d\u671f\u3000\u957f\u671f
\n\u671f\u9650\u91d1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bc4\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u503a\u5238\u5e02\u573a
\n\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u73b0\u503c\u3002\u503a\u5238\u662f\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u6216
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u56fa\u5b9a\u5229\u7387\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002
\n\u5927\u591a\u6570\u503a\u5238\u5747\u5728\u672c\u91d1\uff0c\u5373\u9762\u503c\uff08Face\uff0cor\u3000par\u3000value\uff09
\n\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u534a\u5e74\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u6b21\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u606f\u7968\uff08Coupon\uff09\u3002\u5728\u660e
\n\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5230\u671f\u65e5\uff08Maturity\uff09\uff0c\u507f\u8fd8\u672c\u91d1\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c
\n\u503a\u5238\u671f\u9650\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u5229\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684
\n\u8d44\u91d1\u671f\u9650\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8865\u507f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u5229\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6709\u53ef
\n\u80fd\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u884c\u60c5\u89c1\u957f\u65f6\u56e0\u8d44\u91d1\u88ab\u5957\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u6765\u8865\u507f\u3002\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u63cf\u8ff0\u503a\u5238\u671f\u9650
\n\u8d8a\u957f\u5229\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u91cc\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\uff08Yield\u3000curve\uff09\u3002
\n\u503a\u5238\u8bc4\u4e3e\u4f8b\u30021976\u3000\u5e74\u91cd\u578b\u5efa\u7b51\u8bbe\u5907\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5361\u7279\u6bd4\u52d2\u516c\u53f8
\n\uff08Caterpillar\u3000Inc\uff09\u5171\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u503c\u4e24\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u5229\u7387\u4e3a8\uff05\u30012001
\n\u5e74\u671f\u6ee1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u5238\u30021992\u3000\u5e74\u30006\u3000\u6708\uff0c\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u4ef7\u662f\uff1a
\n\u6bcf\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u9762\u503c\u7684\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u5238\u5356\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u503a\u5238\u4ef7\u503c\u7684
\n\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u9664\u9700\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5229\u7387\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b833\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a
\n\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u7387\uff08\u606f\u7968\uff09
\n\u8ddd\u671f\u6ee1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u77ed
\n\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff08\u6295\u8d44\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u516c\u5e03\u5bf9\u5176\u7ea7\u7ed3\u679c\uff09
\n\u5e02\u573a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u516c
\n\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u76842001\u5e74\u5230\u671f\u7684\u9762\u503c\u3000100\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u5728\u5229\u7387\u4e3a\u30008\uff05\u3001
\n\u6bcf\u534a\u5e74\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u6b21\u5229\u606f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u7a46
\n\u8fea\u503a\u5238\u8bc4\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u8bc4\u5b9a\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u201cA\u201d\u7ea7\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u503a\u5238\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\uff08Net\u3000present\u3000value\uff09\u7684
\n\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6309\u30008\uff05\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u7b49\u4e8e\u503a\u5238\u5229\u606f\u7387\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5728\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8
\n\u503a\u5238\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u6ea2\u4ef7\uff08Premium\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6298\u4ef7
\n\uff08Discount\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u5e02\u503c\u4e3a100\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u5238\u7684\u5230\u671f\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u3000\uff08Yield
\nto\u3000maturity\uff0cYTM\uff09\u4e3a8\uff05\u3002
\nCaterpillar\u3000Bond\u3000Valuation
\nof\u3000Discounted\u3000Cash\u3000Flows
\nCaterpillar\u8d34\u73b0\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u503a\u5238\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u501f\u52a9\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8868\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba1
\n\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e02
\n\u573a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u9891\u4e8e\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u9ad8\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u671f\u95f4\u65e0
\n\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u6295\u8d44\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u90fd\u98de\u6da8\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u51fa\u53bb\u7684
\n\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u5728\u300020\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u9762\u503c\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u5238\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ea\u503c
\n49\u300269\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u62a5\u4ef7\u201c49\u202611\/16\u201d\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u968f\u7740
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53\u8d34\u73b0\u7387
\n\u4e3a\u30005\uff05\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u4e3a\u30005\uff05\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u3000123\u300216\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u6c34\u5e73\u3001
\n\u5229\u7387\u4e3a\u30008\uff05\u7684\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u589e\u591a\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u800c\u9700\u591a
\n\u6295\u8d44\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4e00\u822c\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6ea2\u4ef7\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u5230\u3002
\n\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6309\u8f83\u9ad8\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u6298\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u73b0\u503c\u5c31
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u5bf9\u73b0\u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u51c0\u73b0\u503c
\n\u6536\u5230\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5e74\u9650
\n\u4f1a\u53d8\u4f4e\u3002\u8ddd\u79bb\u6536\u5230\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005
\n\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u671f\u9650\uff08Duration\uff09\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u503a\u5238\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u5e73
\n\u5747\u52a0\u6743\u671f\u9650\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u671f\u9650\u3002\u662f\u6307\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6536\u56de\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u4e00
\n\u534a\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u503a\u5238\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u654f\u611f\u7a0b\u5ea6
\n\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u503a\u5238\u79bb\u5230\u671f\u652f\u4ed8\u65e5\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4e00
\n\u5e74\u5185\u671f\u6ee1\u7684\u503a\u5238\u662f\u77ed\u671f\u503a\u5238\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u503a\u5238\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u5c0f\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005
\n\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c31\u80fd\u6536\u56de\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u957f\u671f\u503a\u5238\u5219\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4ee5
\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u5229\u7387\u652f\u4ed8\u5229\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5229\u7387\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5728
\n\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u88ab\u5957\u5728\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u7684\u503a\u5238\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u503a\u5238\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u8d2c\u503c\u3002
\n\u5728\u3000Caterpilla\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u30009\u3000\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u507f\u8fd8
\n\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u8005100\u7f8e\u5143\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4e00\u534a50\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u7684\u671f\u9650\u662f9\u5e74\u3002
\n\u5728\u503a\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u968f
\n\u5229\u7387\u53d8\u52a8\u800c\u6025\u5267\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u5229\u7387\u4e3a\u300020\uff05\u65f6\u7684\u300049\u300265\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u5230\u30005\uff05\u65f6
\n\u7684123\u300216\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u522b\u592a\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u79cd\u70e6\u7410\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u5e2e\u4e0a\u5fd9\u3002
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u503a\u5238\u5229\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u95ee\u5230\u503a\u5238
\n\u7684\u671f\u9650\u6709\u591a\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u662f\u4e2a\u5916\u884c\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503a\u5238
\n\u5176\u5b835\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503a\u5238\u662f\uff1a\u96f6\u606f\u503a\u5238\uff08Zero\u3000coupon\u3000bonds\uff09\uff0c
\n\u6c38\u4e45\u503a\u5238\uff08Consuls\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u8f6c\u6362\u503a\u5238\uff08Convertible\u3000bonds\uff09\uff0c
\n\u901a\u77e5\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u5238\uff08Callable\u3000bonds\uff09\u548c\u5783\u573e\u503a\u5238\uff08Junk\u3000bonds\uff09\u3002
\n\u96f6\u606f\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u542b\u5229\u606f\u3001\u4f46\u3000\u5728\u671f\u6ee1\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u507f\u8fd8\u672c\u91d1
\n\u7684\u503a\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7528\u8bc4\u4f30\u542b\u5229\u606f\u503a\u5238\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u96f6\u606f\u503a\u5238\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u503a\u5238\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8d34\u73b0\u7684\u5229\u606f\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fea\u65af\u5c3c\u96f6\u606f\u503a
\n\u5238\u9762\u503c\u4e3a\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u30012005\u3000\u5e74\u5230\u671f\u7684\u96f6\u606f\u503a\u5238\uff0c1992\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u5e02\u503c
\n\u4e3a46\u3002875\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9762\u503c100\u7f8e\u5143\u3001
\n2005\u5e74\u5230\u671f\u7684\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u6309\u30006\uff05\u7684\u5229\u7387\u8d34\u73b0\uff0c1992\u3000\u5e74\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u662f46\u3002875\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u8bf4\u660e\u8fea\u65af\u5c3c\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u3002
\n\u6c38\u4e45\u503a\u5238\uff08Consuls\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u7528\u652f\u4ed8\u672c\u91d1\u3001\u4f46\u9700\u6301
\n\u7eed\u652f\u4ed8\u5229\u606f\u7684\u503a\u5238\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u578b\u503a\u5238\u5df2\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd8\u6709\u53d1
\n\u884c\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u7c7b\u503a\u5238\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff08\u5373\u507f\u8fd8\u7684\u5229
\n\u606f\uff09\u9664\u4ee5\u8d34\u7387\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f26\u6566\u7535\u8bdd\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u9762\u503c\u7684
\n\u6c38\u4e45\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u6bcf\u5e74? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u606f\uff09\u9664\u4ee5\u8d34\u7387\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f26\u6566\u7535\u8bdd\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u9762\u503c\u7684
\n\u6c38\u4e45\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u6bcf\u5e74\u652f\u4ed8\u30008\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5229\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6295\u8d44
\n\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4e3a10\uff05\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u662f80\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6c38\u4e45\u503a\u5238\u4ef7\u503c\u3000\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u503a\u5238\u5229\u606f
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3000=
\n\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5438\u5f15\u6295\u8d44\u8005\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\u503a\u5238\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8fd9
\n\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u8f6c\u6362\u503a\u5238\uff08Convertible\u3000bonds\uff09\u3002\u6307\u6309\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u51fa\u7684\u8f6c
\n\u6362\u6bd4\u7387\uff08Conversion\u3000rate\uff09\u5c06\u503a\u5238\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u628a\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u9762\u503c\u30001000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u5238\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6bcf\u80a1\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e
\n\u5143\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u5171\u300010\u3000\u80a1\u3002\u5f53\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u8d85\u8fc7
\n\u4e86\u6bcf\u80a1\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u503a\u5238\u8f6c\u6362\u6210
\n\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u503a\u5238\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5229\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f6c\u6362\u503a\u5238
\n\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5229\u7387\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u503a\u5238\u662f\u901a\u77e5\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u5238\uff08Callable\u3000bond\uff09\u3002\u53d1\u503a\u4eba
\n\u6709\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5229\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8dcc\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u4ece\u516c
\n\u4f17\u624b\u4e2d\u4e70\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u5238\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1981\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u516c
\n\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u503a\u5238\u7684\u5229\u7387\u5728\u300015\uff05\u5230\u300020\uff05\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5e02\u573a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5229\u7387
\n\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u5230\u4e86\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u300090\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u65f6\u53d1\u884c\u901a\u77e5\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u5238\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u6309\u7167\u539f\u5148\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u56de\u8d2d
\n\u4e86\u503a\u5238\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u53c8\u4ee5\u30007\uff05\u81f3\u30008\uff05\u7684\u5229\u7387\u53d1\u884c\u65b0\u503a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00
\n\u6765\u4fbf\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u5229\u606f\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u79cd\u503a\u5238\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff0c\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u56de\u8d2d\u503a\u5238\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6743\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684
\n\u5229\u7387\u3002
\n\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u503a\u5238\u662f\u5783\u573e\u503a\u5238\uff08Junk\u3000bond\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u503a\u5238\u8fdd\u7ea6
\n\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6781\u9ad8\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u884c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u503a\u5238\u7684\u516c\u53f8
\n\u5728\u6e05\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u6b64\u7c7b\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5728\u507f\u8fd8\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u503a
\n\u52a1\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u503a\u5238\u4ed8\u7ed9\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u5229\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u80fd
\n\u6309\u65f6\u507f\u8fd8\u672c\u91d1\u548c\u5229\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u507f\u8fd8\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u6b21
\n\u7ea7\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u62ff\u5230\u94b1\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u5728\u6700\u540e\u3002
\n\u8fd1\u6765\u62a5\u754c\u7684\u4e11\u95fb\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u503a\u5238\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5176
\n\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6709\u503a\u5238\u65f6\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c
\n\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u53ef\u7528\u201c\u5783\u573e\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u503a\u5238\u300260\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u7684
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u8d2d\u98ce\u548c\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u76db\u884c\u7684\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c
\n\u50cf\u3000RJR\u3000Nabisco\uff0cMCI\uff0cMacy’s\uff0cMetromedia\u3000\u548c\u3000Chrysler\u3000\u7b49
\n\u90fd\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7684\u5783\u573e\u503a\u5238\u3002\u5783\u573e\u503a\u5238\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8fdd\u7ea6
\n\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\u3002
\n\u503a\u5238\u8bc4\u4f30\u5c0f\u7ed3
\n\u8fdd\u7ea6\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\u2192\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\u2192\u503a\u5238\u4ef7\u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8
\n\u8fdd\u7ea6\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u4f4e\u2192\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\u2192\u503a\u5238\u4ef7\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8
\n\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e
\n\u7968\u9762\u5229\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u2192\u671f\u9650\u8d8a\u77ed\u2192\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u671f\u9650\u8f83\u77ed\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6ce2\u52a8\u8d8a\u5c0f
\n\u7968\u9762\u5229\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u2192\u671f\u9650\u8d8a\u957f\u2192\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u7387\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u671f\u9650\u8f83\u957f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6ce2\u52a8\u8d8a\u9ad8
\n\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a
\n\u80a1\u7968\u65e0\u507f\u8fd8\u80a1\u672c\u3001\u80a1\u606f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5728
\n\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u5b9a\u671f\u5411\u80a1\u4e1c\u652f\u4ed8\u7ea2\u5229\u3002
\n\u4f46\u8fd9\u8c01\u4e5f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u6e05\u8bf8\u5982\u503a\u5238\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u4f59
\n\u4e0b\u7684\u6536\u5165\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e2d\u62ff\u56de\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df2\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u80a1
\n\u7968\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u5238\uff0c
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u4e5f\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u6536\u76ca\u3002
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002
\n\u80a1\u7968\u7c7b\u522b
\n\u7ea2\u5229\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Dividend\u3000growth\u3000model\uff09
\n\u6295\u8d44\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u5206\u6790\u80a1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u80a1\u7968\u7ea2\u5229\u7684\u591a
\n\u5c11\uff0c\u5373\u7ea2\u5229\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u3002\u8fd9\u54b1\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7ea2\u5229\u589e\u957f\u770b\u7684\u8f83\u91cd\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u4ef7\u503c=
\nD
\n\uff08k\u3000\u2026\u3000g\uff09
\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cD=\u6bcf\u80a1\u7684\u5e74\u7ea2\u5229
\nk=\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u6216\u671f\u671b\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387
\ng=\u5e74\u7ea2\u5229\u589e\u957f\u7387
\nCaterpillar\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f81992
\n\u5e74\u6bcf\u80a1\u5206\u7ea2\u30001\u30022\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u7528\u3000CAPM\u3000\u7b49\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cCaterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8
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\n\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0cCaterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7ea2\u5229\u5e73\u5747\u63d0\u9ad8
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\n\u7f8e\u5143\u30021\u30022
\n0\u3002168\u30000\u300212\uff09
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff08\u3000\u2014\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u6bcf\u80a1\u4ef7\u503c\u3000=\u300025\u3000\/
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\n\u4ea4\u4ef7\u5374\u662f\u6bcf\u80a1\u300056\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u516c\u53f8\u60f3\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a
\n\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6bd4\u5206\u7ea2\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6b64\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u5df2\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u5f88
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u65f6\u52bf\u5fc5\u5df2\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7
\n\u548c\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u90fd\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002
\n\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u50cf\u3000Wal\u2014Mart\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u5206\u7ea2\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7
\n\u767e\u8d27\u516c\u53f8\u5462\uff1f\u66f4\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u65e0\u6536\u76ca\u3001\u4e0d\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u5462\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u53ef\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u8bc4\u4f30\u80a1\u7968
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5e02\u76c8\u7387\uff08Price\u3000earnings\u3000ration\uff1b\u3000PE\u3000Ratio\uff09\u6cd5\u3002\u662f\u628a
\n\u80a1\u7968\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u540c\u6bcf\u80a1\u5f53\u524d\u6216\u9884\u671f\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8be5
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u9664\u4ee5\u6bcf\u80a1\u76c8\u5229\u3002\u7531
\n\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bcf\u80a1\u76c8\u5229\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u6781
\n\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u67d0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e02\u76c8\u7387\u5982\u679c\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e02\u76c8\u7387\u57fa
\n\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5408\u7406\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5229\u7528\u5e02\u76c8\u7387\u5206\u6790\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7092\u80a1\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u8bba\uff1a
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\n\u6c11\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u94f6\u884c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5e02\u76c8\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u7ea2\u5374\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u94f6\u884c\u9ad8\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u5176\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u5927\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u3002\u201d
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u5e10\u9762\u8d44\u4ea7\u6bd4\uff08Multiple\u3000of\u3000book\u3000value\u3000pershare\uff09\u3002
\n\u4f9d\u636e\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u6bcf\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u9664\u4ee5\u6bcf\u80a1\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e10
\n\u9762\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u6bcf\u80a1\u5e10\u9762\u8d44\u4ea7\u6bd4\u30021992\u5e74ImClone\u3000Systems
\n\u751f\u7269\u533b\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u4ef7\u6bd4\u5e10\u9762\u4ef7\u503c\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e86\u3000331\u3000\u500d\u3002Forbes\u3000\u6742
\n\u5fd7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u4f30\u503c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4f17
\n\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709
\n\u89c4\u6a21\u3002
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\n\u552e\u989d\u9664\u4ee5\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u5f97\u51fa\u6bcf\u80a1\u9500\u552e\u6bd4\u30021992\u5e74\u88ab\u3000Forbes\u3000\u6742\u5fd7\u63d0
\n\u5230\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u3000Cryomedical\u3000Sciences\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8
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\n\u663e\u5f97\u8fc7\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u662f\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u8d44\u4ea7\u503c\uff08Asset\u3000value\u3000per\u3000share\uff09\u3002\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u9664\u4ee5\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u6bd4\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5206\u6790
\n\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u80a1\u7968\u72c2\u8d2d\u6f6e\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u80a1\u4ef7\u4f4e\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u50a8\u91cf\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0cGetty\uff0cGulf\uff0cMesa\u3000\u548c\u3000Phillips\u3000\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u4e89\u76f8\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f9780\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u51e0\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u731b\u6da8\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u6bd4\uff08Multiple\u3000of\u3000cash\u3000flow\u3000per\u3000share\uff09\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u521b\u6536\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\u662f
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c1992\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u662f\u30005\u300290\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u4ef7\u683c\u4e3a\u300056\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u80a1\u4ef7\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u30003\u3000\u500d\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5728
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u770b\u4e2d\u4e86\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4
\n\u4e3a\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u540e\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u80a117\u30028\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff0c\u630916\u30028\uff05
\n\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8d34\u73b0\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u4e3a\u3000100\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0817\u30028\/0\u3002168\uff09\u3002\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cCaterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u80a1\u300056\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c
\n\u7684\u3002
\n\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u603b\u6709\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u5f15\u8d77\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5e02
\n\u573a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u62a5\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u4ef7\u683c\u663e\u5f97\u591a\u4e48\u75af\u72c2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u6709
\n\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u3000200\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u3000Caterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u80a1\u7968
\n\u5c31\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f9b\u5927\u4e8e\u6c42\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c06\u8981\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\uff08Prefered\u3000stock\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u7684\u540c\u80de\u5144
\n\u5f1f\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u94a2\u94c1\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u4ecb
\n\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u503a\u5238\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\u5177
\n\u6709\u503a\u5238\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u5229\u7387\u652f\u4ed8\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u4fbf\u65e0\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002\u50cf\u666e
\n\u901a\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5148\u80a1\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u507f\u8fd8\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u503a\u52a1\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u53ef\u5206\u5230\u7ea2
\n\u5229\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u671f\u9650\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c
\n\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u51fa\u552e\u5148\u80a1\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u7684
\n\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\u6392\u5728\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u5217\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u52a1
\n\u4e4b\u540e\u3002
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u5230\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u627f\u62c5\u5b9a
\n\u65f6\u652f\u5229\u606f\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5f0f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\u662f\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31
\n\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6240\u6709\u672a\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u5168\u90e8\u4ed8\u6e05\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8003\u8651\u652f
\n\u4ed8\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u504f\u7231\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5e0c
\n\u671b\u4eab\u6709\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6743\u76ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u6311\u9009\u8d2d\u4e70\u4f18\u5148\u80a1\u3002
\n\u671f\u6743\u5e02\u573a
\n\u671f\u6743\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u5728\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u4ee5\u524d\u4e70\u5356\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684
\n\u5951\u7ea6\u6027\u6743\u5229\u3002\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u503a\u5238\u3001\u91d1\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u671f
\n\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u671f\u6743\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u54b1\u7528\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u83b7\u5f97\u63a7\u5236\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u591a\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u9ad8\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8d2d\u4e70\u623f\u4ea7\u7684\u3000G\u3002\uff32\u3002\uff31uick\u3000\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cBeverly
\nHills\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5730\u4ef7\u4f1a\u98de\u6da8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u7528\u30006\u3000\u4e2a\u6708\u624d\u80fd\u7b79\u96c6\u5230\u8981
\n\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d2d\u623f\u9884\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u5e76\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u8fbe\u6210\u878d\u8d44\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u81ea
\n\u5df1\u522b\u5885\u5356\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u4ef7500\uff0c000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u5143\u3002\u4f46\u3000Quick\u3000\u5148\u751f\u9700\u4ee5\u3000500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e70\u4e0b\u8be5\u522b\u5885\u7684\u671f
\n\u6743\uff08Option\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u30006\u3000\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u539f\u6765\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u5728\u5e02\u573a
\n\u4e0a\u51fa\u552e\u3002Quick\u5148\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u30006\u3000\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u662f\u671f\u6743\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u5229\u800c
\n\u975e\u4e49\u52a1\uff08but\u3000not\u3000obligation\uff09\u4ee5\u3000500\uff0c00\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u623f\u4ea7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0cQuick\u3000\u5148\u751f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ef7\u683c\u4e3a\u30005000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u671f\u6743\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u635f\u5931\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n\u4f46\u671f\u6743\u5229\u6da6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u522b\u5885\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5230\u65f6\u589e\u81f3
\n550\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u30005000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u6210\u672c\u7684\u671f\u6743\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u30001\uff0c
\n000\uff05\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6309\u3000500\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u4e0b\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u300010\uff05\u3002
\n\u671f\u6743\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u6295\u8d44\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u91d1\u4e70\u4e0b\u8be5\u8d22
\n\u4ea7\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u3002\u88ab\u6536\u8d2d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d8\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6216\u8005\u671f\u6743\u8d39\u7528\u5168\u90e8\u635f
\n\u5931\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6760\u6746\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff08\u5373\u82b1\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u671f\u6743\u8d39\u7528\u4e70
\n\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u3002
\n\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u671f\u6743\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u5230\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u6837
\n\u7684\u3002\u671f\u6743\u5373\u662f\u8d2d\u4e70\u3001\u51fa\u552e\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u201c\u6743\u529b\u201d\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5148\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u2014\u2014\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7
\n\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u5185\u2014\u2014\u671f\u9650
\n\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u6b64\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6210\u672c\u2014\u2014\u671f\u6743\u4ef7
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u671f\u6743\u53eb\u201c\u4e70\u65b9\u201d\uff08Calls\uff09\u671f\u6743\u3002\u5c06\u80a1\u7968\u5356\u7ed9
\n\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u53eb\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\uff08Puts\uff09\u3002\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u548c\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u8fd0\u52a8\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80a1\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u5c31\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u80a1\u7968\u4e0b\u8dcc\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a
\n\u5347\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u5347\u65f6\uff0c\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u503c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002
\n\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u503c\u53d8\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8
\n\u5347\u3000\u964d
\n\u4e70\u65b9\u3000\u5f97\u3000\u5931
\n\u5356\u65b9\u3000\u5931\u3000\u5f97
\n\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u671f\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff08Chicago\u3000Board\u3000Options\u3000Exchange\uff09
\n\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u4e45\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u5458\u4e70\u5356\u671f\u6743\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u548cQuick\u3000\u5148\u751f\u4e70\u5356\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u671f\u6743\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8d2d\u4e70\u80a1\u7968\u671f\u6743\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e70\u4e0b
\n\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u80a1\u7968\u5347\uff08\u4e70\u65b9\uff09\u6216\u8d2c\uff08\u5356\u65b9\uff09\u7684\u671f\u6743\u3002\u5356\u65b9\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u671f\u6743\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\uff0c\u5c06\u6301\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u9879\u4e0b\u80a1\u7968\u671f\u6743\u6743\u529b\u5356\u7ed9\u4e70
\n\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u671f\u6743\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u51fa\u552e\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u671f\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u671f\u6743\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u88f8\u9732\u201d\uff08naked\uff09\u671f\u6743\u3002
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u671f\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u8bc4
\n\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u8be5\u79cd\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u671f\u6743\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u6765
\n\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u4e70\u4e0b\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e3a\u300040\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e70\u65b9\u671f
\n\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e02\u4ef7\u4e3a\u300045\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u7406
\n\u8bba\u4ef7\u5e94\u662f\u30005\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u671f\u6743\u89c4\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5176
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u52a0\u81f3\u671f\u6ee1\u65f6\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u76c8\u5229\u7684
\n\u6ea2\u4ef7\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6ee1\u65e5\u7684\u4e34\u8fd1\uff0c\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6ea2\u4ef7\u4e5f\u5c31\u5931
\n\u53bb\u3002\u671f\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u671f\u6743\u80a1\u7968\u5c31\u6309\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u4ee5\u73b0\u91d1\u4ea4\u6613\u5151\u73b0\u3002\u7531
\n\u4e8e\u5df2\u65e0\u83b7\u5f97\u6ea2\u4ef7\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u76f8\u7b49\u3002
\n\u671f\u6743\u8bc4\u4f30\u30021973\u5e74Fisher\u3000Black\u3000\u548cMyron\u3000Scholes\u3000\u516c\u5e03
\n\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u671f\u6743\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u3000Black\u2014
\nScholes\u3000\u671f\u6743\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6a21\u578b\uff08Black\u2014Scholes\u3000Option\u3000Pricing
\nModel\uff09\uff1b\u5373\u671f\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u75315\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u8ddd\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u671f\u6743\u6709\u6548\u671f\u957f\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6309\u671f
\n\u671b\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ea2\u4ef7\u3002
\n\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u4ef7\u548c\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u2014\u2014\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e0e\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u8d8a
\n\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u4ef7\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u6216\u5728\u671f\u6ee1\u524d\u8d85\u8fc7\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002
\n\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u6027\u2014\u2014\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u8d8a\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u8d8a\u6709
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002
\n\u5e02\u573a\u77ed\u671f\u56fd\u503a\u5229\u7387\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u683c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u6027\u2014\u2014\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u8d8a\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u8d8a\u6709
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002
\n\u5e02\u573a\u77ed\u671f\u56fd\u503a\u5229\u7387\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u683c\u5fc5\u7136
\n\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u8865\u507f\u53d1\u751f\u6b64\u9879\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n\u80a1\u7968\u5206\u7ea2\u2014\u2014\u671f\u6743\u62e5\u6709\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u6536\u53d6\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u5f71
\n\u54cd\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u80a1\u4ef7\u4f1a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u30005\u3000\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7528\u3000Lotus1\u20262\u20263\u3000\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8bd5\u7b97\u8868\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u8ba1
\n\u7b97\u51fa\u201c\u4e70\u8fdb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5356\u51fa\u201d\u671f\u6743\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u3000Black\u2026Scholes\u3000\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u8ba1
\n\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0e\u5e02\u4ef7\u5c31\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u7968\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e
\n\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u7528\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d
\n\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002
\n\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4f8b\u3002\u4e50\u89c2\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u671f\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u4e70\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4f1a
\n\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u671f\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u5458\u3000Billy\u3000Pellgro\u3000\u4e8e\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u30006\u3000\u6708\u300015
\n\u65e5\u770b\u5230Wal\u2026Mart\u5546\u5e97\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u5728\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5
\n\u4e00\u80a1\u6c83\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u72799\u6708\u5230\u671f\u4ef7\u683c\u4e3a55\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u503c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c
\nMV=\u671f\u6743\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u3000\u3000TV=\u671f\u6743\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u4ef7\u662f\u6bcf\u80a1\u300054\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8d2d\u4e70\u3000Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u30009\u3000\u6708\u4ee5\u524d\u5230\u671f
\n\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u6309\u300055\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u80a1\uff0c\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u62a5\u4ef7\u662f2\u300269\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u3000Billy
\n\u6253\u8d4c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u80a1\u7968\u5230\u30009\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u9ad8\u51fa\u300055
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u82b1\u30002\u300269\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8bd5\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u30006\u3000\u6708\u4efd\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u6bd4\u671f\u6743\u5728
\n\u5f53\u5929\u5c31\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u4e70\u8fdb\u671f\u6743\u4e70\u8fdb\u7684\u6bcf\u80a1\u300055\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u80a1\u7968\u5c31\u662f\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684
\n\u201c\u6cbd\u6c61\u4ef7\u201d\u3000\uff08Out\u3000of\u3000the\u3000money\uff09\uff0c\u3000\u671f\u6743\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u503c\u94b1\u4e86\u3002\u3000Wal\u2026Mart
\n\u516c\u53f855\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e70\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u503c\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u3000\u50cf\u4e00\u652f\u66f2\u68cd\u7403\u6746\u3000\uff08\u89c1
\n\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u800c\u53d8\u52a8\u3002
\n\u4f46\u30002\u300269\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u683c\u6b63\u786e\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u628a\u3000Wal\u2026mart\u3000\u666e\u901a\u80a1
\n\u7968\u7684\u30005\u3000\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u671f\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u4ee3\u5165\u3000Black\u2026Scholes\u3000\u7684\u9ed1
\n\u5323\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u3000Lotus\u3000\u8bd5\u7b97\u8868\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u30002\u300266\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e0e\u30002\u300269
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u76f8\u5f53\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u60b2\u89c2\u7684Billy
\nPellgro\u4e8e6\u6708\u4efd\u5728Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u5e02\u4ef7\u4e3a54\u7f8e\u5143\u65f6\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e869\u3000\u6708\u4efd
\n\u6309\u6bcf\u80a1\u300055\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u51fa\u552e\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u79f0\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u7f8e\u5143\u7684
\n\u201c\u6cbd\u76c8\u4ef7\u201d\uff08In\u3000the\u3000money\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u80fd\u4ee5\u300055\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u5356\u51fa\u5e02\u4ef7\u4e3a
\n2\u300275\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e00\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u201c\u6cbd\u76c8\u4ef7\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u30001\u300275\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u662f\u4e3a\u30003
\n\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u80fd\u6323\u66f4\u591a\u5229\u6da6\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u6ea2\u4ef7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u540e\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c
\n\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e0b\u964d\u591a\u5c11\uff0c
\n\u4e00\u80a1\u6c83\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u72799\u6708\u5230\u671f\u4ef7\u683c\u4e3a55\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c
\nMV=\u671f\u6743\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u3000\u3000TV=\u671f\u6743\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u3000Pellgro\u3000\u4e5f\u6709\u6743\u4ecd
\n\u6309\u6bcf\u80a1\u300055\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5356\u51fa\u3000Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3000Black\u2026
\nScholes\u3000\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c2\u300275\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u5356\u51fa\u671f\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u66f2\u68cd\u7403\u6746\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a
\n\u9875\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u548c\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
\n\u671f\u6743\u6218\u7565\u548c\u4fdd\u503c\u3002\u8d2d\u4e70\u671f\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u9669\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u503c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u3002\u4fdd\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8d2d\u4e70\u67d0\u4e00\u671f\u6743\u6765\u62b5\u9500
\n\u5df2\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0b\u8dcc\u65f6\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u671f\u6743\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef
\n\u9009\u62e9\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u8bd5\u56fe\u907f\u514d\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4eba
\nScared\u3000E\u3002Cat\u3000\u5148\u751f\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u6837\u4ef7\u503c\u300054\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u3000Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u80a1\u7968\uff0c
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u80a1\u7968\u4e0b\u8dcc\u7684\u9669\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u5728\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u30006\u3000\u6708\u4ee5\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u4e0b\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u671f\u6ee1\u7684\u6572\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e3a\u300050
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u30003\u3000\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd
\n\u4ee5\u300050\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u80a1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u552e\u51fa\u3000Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u53d1\u884c
\n\u4eba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u4e0b\u8dcc\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6ea2\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f55\u4e50
\n\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\uff1f\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e00\u5143\u94b1\u5bf9Cat\u5148\u751f\u5df2\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u3000Wal\u2026Mart\u3000\u80a1\u4ef7\u8dcc\u81f3\u6bcf\u80a1\u300040\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee5\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70
\n\u4e0b\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u5c31\u5728\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u503c\u300010\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u53d1\u884c\u5356\u65b9\u671f\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c31
\n\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002Cat\u3000\u5148\u751f\u5728\u671f\u6743\u4e0a\u300010\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u8865\u507f\u4e86
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u80a1\u4ef7\u4ece\u300054\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u8dcc\u81f3\u300040\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u65f6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u300014\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u635f\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f
\n\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u671f\u6743\u5e02\u573a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u628a\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4ece\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u9664\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4fdd\u503c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u671f\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u4eba\u548c\u6295
\n\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u57fa\u91d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9009\u7528\u7684\u671f\u6743\u6218\u7565\u3002\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e7e\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd
\n\u628a\u671f\u6743\u548c\u80a1\u7968\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u671f\u6743\u6218\u7565\u4e5f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305
\n\u62ec\u5dee\u4ef7\u6cd5\uff08Spreads\uff09\u8776\u5f62\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff08Butterflies\uff09\uff0c\u79c3\u9e70\u6cd5
\n\uff08Condors\uff09\uff0c\u3000\u5957\u8d2d\u9009\u62e9\u6743\u3000\uff08Straddles\uff09\u3000\u548c\u7bb1\u578b\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u3000\uff08Boxes\uff09\u3002
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u8d22\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Financial\u3000management\uff09\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u516c
\n\u53f8\u878d\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u5e76\u628a\u4ece\u80a1\u4e1c\u548c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u7b79\u96c6\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7ba1\u597d\u3001\u7528
\n\u597d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u4ece\u4e1a\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e3b
\n\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u62e5\u6709\u54ea\u7c7b\u8d44\u4ea7\uff1f\u6295\u8d44\u54ea\u4e9b\u9879
\n\u76ee\uff1f
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u51b3\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5956\u91d1\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\uff1f
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56
\n\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\u8d1f\u8d23\u534f\u52a9\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8bc4\u4f30\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u5206\u6790
\n\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63a8\u8350\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5f62\u5bb9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u8d44\u672c\u9884\u7b97\uff08Capital\u3000budgeting\uff09\u3002
\n\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000Quaker\u3000Oats\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u63d0\u5230
\n\u662f\u5426\u6295\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u5305\u88c5\u8bbe\u5907\u3002Quaker\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u7406\u5c42\u7528\u8d34\u73b0
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\uff08NPV\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8425\u9500\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u5496
\n\u5561\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002
\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u7ed9\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\u662f\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u51fa\u5176\u65e0\u5f62\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002
\n\u6295\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002
\n\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1b
\n\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff1b
\n\u8d44\u672c\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8d44\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u4f17
\n\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u6700\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5206\u914d\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002MBA
\n\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\uff1a\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\uff08Pay\u3000back\u3000period\uff09\u548c\u51c0\u73b0\u503c
\n\uff08Net\u3000present\u3000value\uff09\u3002
\n\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u6cd5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u6700\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u51fa\u56de\u6536\u5168\u90e8\u6295\u8d44\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u3002
\n\u8fd8\u672c=\u56de\u6536\u6700\u521d\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5e74\u9650
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u6839\u636e\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8fd8\u672c
\n\u671f\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd8\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u6295\u8d44\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7
\n\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7ed3\u679c\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u5dee\u8ddd\u592a\u8fdc\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u5c0f
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u8282\u80fd\u7701\u529b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5e94\u5728\u6700\u591a\u30003\u3000\u5e74\u5185
\n\u8fd8\u672c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\u5e94\u5728\u30008\u3000\u5e74\u8fd8\u672c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u5728\u300010\u3000\u5e74\u5185\u8fd8\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u618e\u6076\u7a0b
\n\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u957f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5c31\u5f97\u51c6\u5907\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u5927\u7684
\n\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u9669\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u548c
\n\u8861\u91cf\u503a\u5238\u6240\u7528\u7684\u201c\u671f\u9650\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u503a\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u56de\u6536\u4e00\u534a\u503a
\n\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u8d8a\u5927\u3002
\n\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u6807\u51c6\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0
\n\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u6295\u8d44\u7528\u53bb100\uff0c000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c3\u5e74\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u507f\u8fd833\uff0c
\n333\u7f8e\u5143\u8fd8\u6e05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u5728\u30003\u3000\u5e74\u5e95\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4ed8\u6e05\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u9879
\n\u76ee\u7684\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002
\n\u8fd8\u672c\u671f\u6cd5\u53e6\u4e00\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u8fd8\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd8\u672c\u540e\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\n\u4e00\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\u5171\u6295\u8d44\u3000100\uff0c000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5206\u30003\u3000\u5e74\u8fd8\u6e05\u672c\u91d1\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u9879
\n\u76ee\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u53d6\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u6536\u56de\u73b0
\n\u91d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u91ca\u5462\uff1f\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u6bd4\u30003\u3000\u5e74\u671f\u6ee1\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027
\n\u8fd8\u672c100\uff0c000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u80a1\u7968\u3001\u5238\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u7528\u4e8e
\n\u9879\u76ee\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0a\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6700\u6b63\u786e\u3002
\n\u6536\u5230\u94b1\u7684\u671f\u9650\u62d6\u7684\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9879\u76ee\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c
\n\u5e94\u9009\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u672a\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u73b0\u503c\u3002
\nNPV=\u5c06\u8981\u6536\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u00d7\uff081\uff0b\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\uff09\u2026\u671f\u9650
\n\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868
\n\u548c\u201c\u6295\u8d44\u201d\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u201c\u878d\u8d44\u201d\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8
\n\u5982\u4f55\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u9762\u76ee\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u501f\u6b3e\u6210\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d34\u73b0\u7cfb\u6570\u30021992\u3000\u5e74\uff0c
\n\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4fca\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5229\u7387\u30006\uff05\u20267\uff05\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee
\n\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u548c\u7279
\n\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u9669\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u3002
\n\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000Quaker\u3000\u9ea6\u7247\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf
\n\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a
\n10\uff05\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u3000\u56e0\u5b50\u3000\u51c0\u73b0\u503c
\n\u4eca\u5929\u3000\u2026102\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u30001\u30020000\u3000\u2026102\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7b2c1\u5e74\u300051\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u300290909\u300046\uff1b364\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7b2c2\u5e74\u300051\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u300282645\u300042\uff1b149\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7b2c3\u5e74\u300061\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u300275131\u300045\uff1b830\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u603b\u8ba1\u300061\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u300032\uff1b343\u7f8e\u5143
\nNPV\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0b\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u56de\u62a5\u662f\u300032\uff0c
\n343\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u671f\u671b\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002NPV\u3000\u662f\u30000\u3000\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7
\n\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u671f\u671b\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u5426\u51b3\u3000NPV\u3000\u4f4e\u4e8e\u96f6
\n\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\nNPV\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f18\u70b9\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3002
\n\u9879\u76ee\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u3000NPV\u3000\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982
\n\u679c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000Quarker\u3000\u9ea6\u7247\u7684\u65b0\u5305\u88c5\u8bbe\u5907\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31
\n\u53ef\u5206\u522b\u7528\u300015\uff05\u548c\u300020\uff05\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4ef7\u503c
\n21019\u7f8e\u5143\u548c11217\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002
\n\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u7b49\u503c\u5e74\u9650\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u4fee\u6b63\u540e\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\uff0c\u5206\u6790
\n\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u9879\u76ee\u4eca\u540e\u591a\u5e74\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u3000Quarker
\n\u9ea6\u7247\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4e3a1\u5e74\u300110
\n\u5e74\u6216\u65e0\u9650\u671f\uff0c\u7528\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6298\u6210\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\u3002
\n\u9879\u76ee\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u73b0\u91d1\u6536\u76ca\u7528\u8d34\u73b0\u6cd5\u8ba1
\n\u7b97\u51fa\u201c\u51c0\u201d\u73b0\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002
\n\u9879\u76ee\u672a\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u53ef\u7528\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50\u6298\u73b0\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0cMBA\u3000\u5e94\u5982
\n\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u5462\uff1fNPV\u3000\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6700
\n\u597d\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u76c8\u5229\u6307\u6570\uff08Profitability\u3000index\uff0cPI\uff09\u53ef\u5e2e\u4e0a\u5fd9\u3002
\n\u7528\u672a\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684NPV\u9664\u6700\u521d\u6295\u8d44\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230PI\u3002\u3000\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u3000Quarker
\n\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u6570\u662f1\u3002317\u3002
\n\u672a\u6765\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c
\n\u6700\u521d\u6295\u8d44
\n\u537346\uff1b364\u3000\uff0b\u300042\uff1b149\u3000\uff0b\u300045\uff1b830
\n102000
\n=\u30001\u3002317
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u5728\u8d44\u91d1\u65e0\u9650\u5145\u88d5\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u3000PI\u3000\u9ad8\u4e8e\u30001\u3000\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c
\n\u6240\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u98ce\u9669\u4fee\u6b63\u7387\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u3000PI\u3000\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7ec4\u6295\u8d44\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684NPV\u3002
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u53c2\u7167\u3000NPV\u3000\u548c\u3000PI\uff0c\u9009\u51fa
\n\u5404\u79cd\u6700\u4f73\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4e3a\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u83b7\u5f97\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u878d\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56
\n\u8bb8\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5fd9\u4e8e\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\u7684
\n\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u4ee5\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u7b79\u96c6\u5230\u8db3
\n\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u6307\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u529b\u507f\u8fd8\u501f\u6b3e\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7834\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u4e0b\u52175\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u878d\u8d44\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
\n\u83b7\u5f97\u4f9b\u65b9\u4fe1\u8d37
\n\u83b7\u5f97\u878d\u8d44
\n\u83b7\u5f97\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e
\n\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238
\n\u53d1\u884c\u80a1\u7968
\n\u4f9b\u65b9\u4fe1\u8d37\uff08Supplier\u3000Credit\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u878d\u8d44
\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u30007\u3000\u5929\u5230\u30001\u3000\u5e74\u5185\u652f\u4ed8\u8d27\u6b3e\u3002
\n\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f9b\u65b9\u4fe1\u8d37\u65f6\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u5c31\u5f97\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec
\n\u8c08\u66f4\u957f\u4fe1\u8d37\u7684\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u8d37\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u652f\u4ed8\u5e94\u4ed8\u6b3e\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u62bb\u7740\u201d\uff08Stretch\u3000their\u3000payables\uff09\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u624d\u4ed8
\n\u6b3e\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u53eb\u3000Federated\u3000Allied\u3000\u7684\u767e\u8d27\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u503a
\n\u6743\u4eba\u548c\u4ee3\u6b3e\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u62d2\u7edd\u5ef6\u957f\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u516c
\n\u53f8\u6700\u7ec8\u7834\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u79df\u8d41\u878d\u8d44\uff08Lease\u3000Financing\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u9009\u62e9\u79df\u8d41\u8bbe\u5907
\n\u800c\u975e\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8d41\u878d\u8d44\u3002\u79df\u8d41\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u957f\u53ef\u77ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79df\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0
\n\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8425\u79df\u8d41\uff08Operating\u3000lease\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79df\u8d41\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79df\u8d41
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u4e24\u5e74\u5c31\u5c5e\u7ecf\u8425\u79df\u8d41\u3002\u957f\u671f\u8d41\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7
\n\u878d\u8d44\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u3002\u957f
\n\u671f\u79df\u8d41\u4e5f\u79f0\u8d44\u672c\u79df\u8d41\uff08Capital\u3000lease\uff09\u3002\u627f\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u8bbe\u5907\u7684
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\u7528\u5b8c\uff0c\u671f\u6ee1\u65f6\u8bbe\u5907\u4e5f\u5c31\u7559\u5728\u627f\u79df\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u201d
\n\uff08Bargain\u3000price\uff09\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u6839\u636e\u7279\u6b8a\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684
\n\u79df\u8d41\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u79df\u8d41\uff0c\u79df\u8d41\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u90fd
\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u627f\u79df\u516c\u53f8\u5e10\u4e0a\uff0c\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u76f4\u63a5\u8d2d\u4e70\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u5904
\n\u7406\u4e00\u6837\u3002
\n\u94f6\u884c\u878d\u8d44\uff08Bank\u3000Financing\uff09\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u671f\u9650
\n\u53ef\u957f\u53ef\u77ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u6709\u4e00\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u5ea6\u5e76\u53ef\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u7528
\n\uff08Credit\u3000line\u3000or\u3000revolver\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u989d\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u5185\u6b3e\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38
\n\u9700\u8981\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u505a\u62b5\u62bc\u3002\u82e5\u516c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u9700\u8981\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u505a\u62b5\u62bc\u3002\u82e5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u507f
\n\u8fd8\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4f1a\u7834\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u5238\uff08Bond\u3000Issuance\uff09\u3002\u503a\u5238\u5177\u6709\u5229\u7387\u56fa\u5b9a\u3001\u672c\u91d1
\n\u671f\u6ee1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u671f\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u652f\u4ed8\u672c\u91d1\u548c\u5229\u606f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u7279
\n\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503a\u5238\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u529b\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u7834
\n\u4ea7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u30021990\u3000\u5e74\uff0cSouthland\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u503a\u5238\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u65e0\u529b\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c
\n\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u503a\u5238\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u3000Ito\u2026Yokado\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u7528\u503a\u5238\u6362\u53d6\u4e86\u516c
\n\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u8d76\u8d70\u4e86\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4ebaThompson\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002
\n\u7a0e\u540e\u501f\u6b3e\uff08After\u2026tax\u3000cost\u3000of\u3000borrowing\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u8d37\u6b3e\u4eba\u3001
\n\u94f6\u884c\u6216\u503a\u5238\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6263\u7a0e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5206
\n\u7ed9\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6263\u7a0e\u3002\u7a0e\u540e\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\u51cf\u7a0e
\n\u91d1\uff0c\u5373
\n\u7a0e\u540e\u501f\u6b3e=\u501f\u6b3e\u5229\u7387\u00d7\uff081\u2026\u7a0e\u7387\uff09
\n1993\u5e74\uff0cCaterpillar\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7a0e\u7387\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u300034\uff05\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u7eb3\u7a0e
\n\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u6263\u51cf\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u6210\u672c\u51cf\u4f4e\u4e86\u300034\uff05\u3002\u7a0e
\n\u540e\u5229\u7387\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u67095\u300228\uff05\uff08\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f8\uff05\u00d7\uff081\u20260\u300234\uff09\uff09\u3002
\n\u4ece\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7ea2\u5229\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a0e\u524d\u62b5\u6263\uff0c\u4f46\u5229\u606f\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9f13\u52b1\u516c\u53f8\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u53d1\u884c\u80a1
\n\u7968\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u501f\u6b3e\u907f\u7a0e\uff08Tax\u3000shield\uff09\u300280
\n\u5e74\u4ee3\u76db\u884c\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d\u98ce\uff0c\u501f\u6b3e\u907f\u7a0e\u8d77\u4e86\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7b79\u96c6\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u5982\u30001989\u3000\u5e74\u3000Kohlberg\u3000Kravis\u3000Roberts\u3000\u516c
\n\u53f8\u501f\u5230\u3000264\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u8d2d\u3000RJR\u3000Nabisco\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8865\u8d34\u4e86\u8be5\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd1\u30008\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0826\u30024\u00d710\uff05\u00d730\uff05\uff09\u3002\u96be\u602a
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u8d5e\u6210\u53d6\u6d88\u6216\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u606f\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u7a0e\u52a1\u8865
\n\u8d34\u3002
\n\u53d1\u884c\u80a1\u7968\uff08Stock\u3000Issues\uff09\u3002\u53d1\u884c\u80a1\u7968\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u987b\u507f\u8fd8
\n\u672c\u91d1\u6216\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5206\u7ea2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a0e\u524d\u6263\u51cf\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u80a1\u7968\u5b9e
\n\u9645\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u62e5\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u800c\u589e
\n\u53d1\u65b0\u80a1\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u73b0\u6709\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u65b0
\n\u80a1\u4e1c\u548c\u539f\u6765\u80a1\u4e1c\u5728\u6bcf\u80a1\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5206\u4eab\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f
\n\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u65b0\u80a1\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\uff08Dilute\uff09\u539f\u6709\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684
\n\u6743\u76ca\u3002
\n\u53d1\u884c\u65b0\u80a1\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff08New\u3000York
\nStock\u3000Exchange\uff1b\u3000NYSE\uff09\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u3000\uff08American
\nStock\u3000Exchange\uff1b\u3000AMEX\uff09\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u8bc1\u5238\u5546\u81ea
\n\u62a5\u4ef7\u7cfb\u7edf\u534f\u4f1a\uff08National\u3000Association\u3000of\u3000Securities\u3000Dealers
\nAutomated\u3000Quotation\u3000System\uff1b\u3000NASDAQ\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u5728\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u6302\u724c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u516c\u5f00\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u662f\u67dc\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u5e02\u573a\u80a1\u7968\uff08Over\u3000the
\ncounter\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709
\n\u6027\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\uff08Investment\u3000Bankers\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u987e\u95ee
\n\u5e38\u5e38\u534f\u52a9\u5176\u53d1\u884c\u65b0\u80a1\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u6709\u3000Salomon
\nBrothers\uff1b\u3000Goldman\uff1b\u3000Sachs\uff1b\u3000Ales\u3000Brown\uff1b\u3000Bear\u3000Stearns\u3000\u548c
\nMerrill\u3000Lynch\u3000\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u96c7\u4f63\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u3000MBA\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u7b56\u5212
\n\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e02\uff08Initial\u3000public\u3000offerings\uff1b
\nIPO\uff09\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u6781\u9ad8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u8fd8\u8d1f\u8d23\u534f
\n\u52a9\u516c\u53f8\u51c6\u5907\u62db\u80a1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\uff08Prospectus\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53d1
\n\u884c\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8ba1\u5212\u30021933\u3000\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u8bc1\u5238\u6cd5
\n\uff08Securities\u3000Act\uff09\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u878d\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u56de\u62a5\uff08The\u3000Financing\u3000Mix’s\u3000Risk\u3000and
\nReward\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bfb\u627e\u7740\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u548c
\n\u80a1\u672c\u642d\u914d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Capital
\nstructure\uff09\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5f53\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u8c03\u6574\u8d44\u672c\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec
\n\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u91cd\u7ec4\uff08Restructuring\uff09\u3002
\n\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u4e00\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u73b0\u5728
\n\u8fd8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4ec5\u662f\u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5
\n\u5f80\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u683c\u7684
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d22\u52a1\u65b9\u6848\u540e\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5b83\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3
\n\u6784\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u8c03
\n\u6574\u8d44\u672c\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5408\u7406\u3002
\n\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4ea7\u7528\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8d44\u672c\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u6bd4
\n\u4f8b\u642d\u914d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u7528\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u3000FRICTO\uff0c\u5373\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u6790
\n\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7f29
\n\u7565\u8bcd\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u3002
\n\u7075\u6d3b\uff08Flexibility\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u4e0d\u6d4b\uff0c
\n\u8bf8\u5982\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6216\u6709\u4eba\u8d77\u8bc9\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5927
\n\u7684\u6297\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cNutri\/System\u3000\u51cf\u80a5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8fde\u9501\u5e97\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u672a\u66fe\u9884\u6599\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u80c6\u56ca\u708e\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u8d77\u8bc9\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u30001990\u3000\u5e74
\n\u7834\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u98ce\u9669\uff08Risk\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u591a\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u4e8b
\n\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u548c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002
\n\u73a9\u5177\u5236\u9020\u5546\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u73a9\u5177\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7136\u65e0\u4eba\u95ee\u6d25\u3002\u660e\u667a\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec
\n\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u6392\u597d\u5728\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e0b\u964d\u65f6\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u80fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5e76\u6e21\u8fc7
\n\u96be\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb8\u591a\u73a9\u5177\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u6536\u5165\uff08Ine\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u652f\u4ed8\u591a\u5c11\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u7ea2\u6c34\u5e73\uff1f\u8d22\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\u9700\u8981\u9884\u89c1\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41
\n\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u7528\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u516c
\n\u53f8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u63a7\u5236\uff08Control\uff09\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u613f\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u591a\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u4e0e\u5916
\n\u90e8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5206\u4eab\uff1f\u8bb8\u591a\u5bb6\u65cf\u5f0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8ba9\u5916\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u81ea
\n\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u8ba9\u5916\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u4e86\u3002
\n\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Timing\uff09\u3002\u503a\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u4f9b\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u7387\uff1f\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c06\u80a1\u7968\u5356\u7ed9\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982
\n\u679c\u80a1\u7968\u592a\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6700\u597d\u4ece\u516c\u4f17\u624b\u4e2d\u4e70\u56de\u80a1\u7968\u30021987\u3000\u5e74\u80a1\u7968
\n\u5e02\u573a\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\u53c8\u56de\u8d2d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5916\u53d1\u884c\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u878d\u8d44\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3
\n\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002
\n1991\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e70\u4e0d\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6295\u8d44
\n\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u9ad8\u4ef7\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u4e0a\u5e02\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u673a\u654f\u7684
\n\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u8fde\u5fd9\u6572\u5f00\u5e02\u573a\u4e4b\u95e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u9ad8\u4ef7\u5c06\u80a1\u7968\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u6025\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684
\n\u516c\u4f17\u30021992\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u501f\u5230\u94b1\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5931\u4e86\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b
\n\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u504f\u7231\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5728\u660e\u786e\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u8981
\n\u52aa\u529b\u6293\u4f4f\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6709\u5229\u65f6\u673a\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b83\uff08Other\uff09\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u7406\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4f1a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5bb6\u613f\u610f\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u80a1\u672c\u91d1
\n\u505a\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u53ea\u597d\u6295\u5165\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u3002
\n\u5f71\u54cd\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\u3002
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8981\u6570\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5df2
\n\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u6760\u6746\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u6301\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c
\n\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\uff0c\u201c\u6760\u6746\u201d\u5f0f\u5730\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u652f\u6491\u7740\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u76c8\u5229\u3002
\n\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u91cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u80a1\u76c8\u5229
\n\u5c31\u9ad8\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5229\u6da6\u4f4e\u3001\u5229\u606f\u8d1f\u63d0\u8fc7\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5360\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u5229
\n\u6da6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5f04\u4e0d\u597d\u8fde\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u4e5f\u5f97\u642d\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002
\n\u8d1f\u503a\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176
\n\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9700\u65ad\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5426\u8981\u5192\u7834\u4ea7\u7684
\n\u98ce\u9669\u3002Thompson\u3000\u5bb6\u65cf\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e86\u3000Southland\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u60c5
\n\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u8d22\u529b\u96c4\u539a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u3000ARA\u3000Services\u3000\u7684\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u30001984\u3000\u5e74\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u7528\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e4b\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e0b\u6765\u3002
\n\u8c01\u77e5\u9053\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u3000Thompsons\u3000\u5bb6\u65cf\u7528\u3000FRICTO\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u4e00
\n\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u635f\u5931\u3002
\n\u5df2\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5e02\u503c\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u98ce\u9669\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6295
\n\u8d44\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u507f\u8fd8\u8d1f\u503a\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u591f\u652f\u4ed8\u5229\u606f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d2d\u4e70\u8be5\u80a1\u7968\u51fa\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005
\n\u5728\u5206\u6790\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u628a\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8003\u8651\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6253
\n\u4e00\u6298\u6263\u300290\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5229\u7528\u6760\u6746\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5982\u3000Black\u3000&
\nDecker\uff1b\u3000RIR\u3000Nabisco\uff1b\u3000Owens\u2026Corning\uff1b\u3000Fiberglass\u3000\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31
\n\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u907f
\n\u514d\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002
\nModigliani\u548c\u3000Miller\u3000\u662f\u4e24\u62c9\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00
\n\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u4e8e\u503a\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u53f8\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u201c\u89c1\u89e3\u201d\u30021958
\n\u5e74\uff0cFranco\u3000Modigliani\u548c\u3000Merton\u3000Miller\u3000\u7387\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728\u5177\u6709
\n\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca1\u6709\u7a0e\u52a1\u4f18\u60e0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u503a\u52a1\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e
\n\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u503a\u7538\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u968f\u503a\u52a1\u589e\u591a\u800c\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46
\n\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u80a1\u672c\u91d1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u7834\u4ea7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u70b9
\n\u4e0a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7834\u4ea7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5267\u589e\uff0c
\n\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u968f\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u907f\u7a0e\u503a\u52a1\u4ee3\u66ff\u80a1\u4e1c\u6295
\n\u8d44\u8005\u671f\u671b\u7684\u9ad8\u503c\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u878d\u8d44\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4f46\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c
\n\u503a\u5238\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u7d27\u5f20\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4ee5\u8865
\n\u507f\u98ce\u9669\u3002
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u5f20\u56fe\u8868\u3002
\n\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u7b56\u8bf4\u4f8b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u4ecd\u8bd5\u56fe\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6
\n\u7ec6\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u5728\u505a\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u8d70\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44\u672c\u6210\uff08Weighted\u3000average\u3000cost
\n\u6700\u4f18\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c\uff09
\n\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c
\n\u503a\u52a1\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u6bd4\uff05
\n\u8d44\u672c=\u503a\u52a1\uff0b\u80a1\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Kq=\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c
\nKd=\u503a\u52a1\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Kwacc=\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c
\n\u6700\u4f18\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c
\n\u6210\u672c\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747
\n\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c
\n\u503a\u52a1\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u6bd4\uff05\u8d44\u672c=\u503a\u52a1\uff0b\u80a1\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000t=\u7a0e\u7387
\nKd=\u503a\u52a1\u6210\u672c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Kq=\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c
\nof\u3000capital\uff1b\u3000WACC\uff09\u3002
\n2\u3002\u5206\u6790\u8bc4\u4f30\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff08Free\u3000cash\u3000flows\uff09\uff0c\u5373
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6240\u7528\u516c\u5f0f
\n\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u5728\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\uff08Ke\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u4e3a
\n\u56f0\u96be\uff09\uff1a
\n\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747
\n\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c
\n\u503a\u52a1\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u603b\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u603b\u80a1\u672c
\n\u80a1\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u603b\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u603b\u80a1\u672c\u3000=\u3000K\u3000\uff081\u2026\u3000t\uff09\u3000\uff0b\u3000K\u3000d\u3000e
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aWACC\u3000\u9009\u7528\u7684\u662f\u503a\u52a1\u548c
\n\u80a1\u672c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u80a1\u4e1c\u548c\u503a\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5176\u6295\u8d44\u4ef7\u503c\u7684
\n\u771f\u6b63\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u5728\u503a\u52a1\u878d\u8d44\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u503a\u52a1
\n\u6210\u672c\u662f\u8981\u9f13\u8db3\u52c7\u6c14\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u3002
\n\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8d1f\u503a\u610f\u5473\u7740
\n\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684BETA\u3000\u503c\u3002CAPM\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709
\n\u52a9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u7387\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3002
\nK\u3000=\u3000R\u3000\uff0b\u3000\uff08K\u3000\u2026\u3000R\u3000\uff09\u3000Beta
\n\uff08K\u3000\u2026\u3000R\u3000\uff09\u3000=
\ne\u3000f\u3000m\u3000f
\nm\u3000f
\n\u00d7
\n\u98ce\u9669\u6ea2\u4ef7
\n\u8861\u91cf\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u503a\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u53d6\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6760\u6746\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u3000BETA\u3000\u503c\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u518d\u8c03\u6574\u56de\u5230\u65e0
\n\u503a\u8d1f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u6760\u6746\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6b65\u9aa4\u00b7A\uff09\uff1b\u518d\u5c06\u4e4b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55
\n\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6760\u6746\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5373\u6b65\u9aa4B\uff09\u3002
\n\u6b65\u9aa4A\uff1a
\nBETA\u3000=
\nBETA
\n\uff071\uff0b\u3000\uff081\u2026\u3000\uff09\u3000\uff07
\nu
\n1
\n\u7a0e\u7387\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u503a\u52a1
\n\u80a1\u672c
\n\u6b65\u9aa4B\uff1a
\nBETA\u3000=\u3000BETA\u3000\uff071\uff0b\u3000\uff081\u2026\u3000\uff09\u3000\uff07\u30001\u3000u\u00d7\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u7a0e\u7387\u3000\u00d7\u3000\u503a\u52a1
\n\u80a1\u672c
\n1=\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u6760\u6746\u7ed3\u6784
\nu=\u65e0\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u6760\u6746\u7ed3\u6784
\n\u8bd5\u4e3e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002Leverco\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u60f3\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u503a\u52a1\u8d44\u672c
\n\u7ed3\u6784\u662f0\uff05\uff08\u96f6\uff09\u597d\u5462\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u300025\uff05\u6216\u300050\uff05\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u4ed6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762
\n\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u5b89\u6392\u300050\uff05\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u300150\uff05\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u5408\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927
\n\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11WACC\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n\u5728Leverco\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u201c\u6700
\n\u4f18\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44\u672c
\n\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u7528\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u3000WACC\u3000\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u7740\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e26\u00d7\u7684\u5404\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5168
\n\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684MBA\u4eec\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5206\u7ea2\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u4f5c
\n\u4e3a\u5206\u7ea2\u5206\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u3000\u6bcf\u80a1\u5e94\u5206\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u3000\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u7ea2\u653f\u7b56\u3000\uff08Dividend
\npolicy\uff09\u3002\u8d22\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\u4f9d\u636e\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373
\nLeverco\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u7b56\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6848\u6bd4\u8f83\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u5e10\u9762\u503a\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387\u30000\uff05\u503a\u52a1\u300025\uff05\u503a\u52a1\u300050\uff05\u503a\u52a1
\n\u5e10\u9762\u503a\u52a1\u603b\u503c\u30000\u30002\uff1b500\u30005\uff1b000
\n\u5e10\u9762\u80a1\u672c\u603b\u989d\u300010\uff1b000\u30007\uff1b500\u30005\uff1b000
\n\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u30000\u30002\uff1b500\u30005\uff1b000
\n\u80a1\u672c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u300010\uff1b000\u30008\uff1b350\u30006\uff1b700
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\u503a\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387*\u30000\uff05\u300023\uff05\u300043\uff05
\n\u503a\u52a1\u7a0e\u524d\u6210\u672c\u30000\u300207\u30000\u300207\u30000\u300207
\n\u7a0e\u7387\u30000\u300234\u30000\u300234\u30000\u300234
\n\u503a\u52a1\u7a0e\u540e\u6210\u672c\u30000\u30020462\u30000\u30020462\u30000\u30020462
\n\u7a0e\u524d\u6210\u672c\u00d7\uff081\u2026t\uff09
\n\u65e0\u6760\u6746Beta\u30000\u30028\u30000\u30028\u30000\u30028
\n\u6709\u6760\u6746Beta*\u30000\u30028\u30000\u3002958\u30001\u3002194
\n\u7528B\u6b65\u9aa4\u516c\u5f0f\u3000\u6700\u5177\u98ce\u9669
\n\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u30000\u3002139\u30000\u3002151\u30000\u3002168
\n\u7528CAPM\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\u3000\u6700\u6709\u98ce\u9669
\nKe=Rf\uff0b\u6760\u6746Beta\u00d7\uff08\u98ce\u9669\u6ea2\u4ef7\uff09
\nKe=0\u300208\uff0b\u6760\u6746Beta\u00d7\uff080\u3002074\uff09
\nWACC*\u30000\u3002139\u30000 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u6709\u6760\u6746Beta*\u30000\u30028\u30000\u3002958\u30001\u3002194
\n\u7528B\u6b65\u9aa4\u516c\u5f0f\u3000\u6700\u5177\u98ce\u9669
\n\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u30000\u3002139\u30000\u3002151\u30000\u3002168
\n\u7528CAPM\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\u3000\u6700\u6709\u98ce\u9669
\nKe=Rf\uff0b\u6760\u6746Beta\u00d7\uff08\u98ce\u9669\u6ea2\u4ef7\uff09
\nKe=0\u300208\uff0b\u6760\u6746Beta\u00d7\uff080\u3002074\uff09
\nWACC*\u30000\u3002139\u30000\u3002127\u30000\u3002108
\n\u7528\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684WACC\u516c\u5f0f\u3000\u6210\u672c\u6700\u4f4e
\n\u6bcf\u5e74\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7a0e\u3001\u5229\u606f\u524d
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u30002\uff1b000\u30002\uff1b000\u30002\uff1b000
\n\u516c\u53f8\u4ef7\u503c*\u300014\uff1b388\u300015\uff1b748\u300018\uff1b518
\n\u6c38\u4e45\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u4ef7\u503c\u3000\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\/WACC
\n*\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7ea2\u5229\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3000\uff08dividend\u3000yields\uff09\u3000\u548c\u7ea2\u5229\u652f\u4ed8\u6bd4\u7387\u3000\uff08dividend
\npayout\u3000ratios\uff09\u51b3\u5b9a\u5206\u7ea2\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u7ea2\u56de\u62a5
\n\u7387\u65f6\u8d77\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u7ea2\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u662f\u7528\u6bcf
\n\u5e74\u7ea2\u5229\u9664\u4ee5\u80a1\u7968\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u7ea2\u5229\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a
\n\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u7ea2\u5229\u652f\u4ed8\u6bd4\u7387\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u914d\u591a\u5c11\u3002
\n\u7ea2\u5229\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3000\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ea2\u5229
\n\u6bcf\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u3000=
\n\u7ea2\u5229\u652f\u4ed8\u6bd4\u7387\u3000\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ea2\u5229
\n\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u3000=
\n\u7ea2\u5229\u56e0\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u516c\u53f8\u6323\u53d6\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8d77\u7740
\n\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u662f\u4ee5\u7ea2\u5229\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u516c\u53f8\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u6709\u5173\u7ea2\u5229\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9
\n\u4e00\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u504f\u7231\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e14\u91d1\u989d\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5206\u7ea2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6709
\n\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u524a\u51cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4f1a\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u907f\u514d\u5728
\n\u5206\u7ea2\u4e0a\u5de6\u53f3\u6447\u6446\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bef\u7b97\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u652f\u4ed8\u7ea2\u5229\u7684\u5b9e\u9645
\n\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u996d\u7897\u4e5f\u5c31\u771f\u5730\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002
\n\u673a\u654f\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u5e94\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b5\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n1\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5c06\u76c8\u5229\u6295\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u597d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u522b\u5904\u66f4
\n\u597d\uff1f
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u7ea2\u5c31\u8981\u5c11\u4e9b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u5229\u6da6\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30021991
\n\u5e74\uff0cWal\u2026Mart\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u53ea\u628a1\u30024\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u76c8\u5229\u4e2d\u76840\u300216\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u5206
\n\u7ea2\uff0c\u4f46\u80a1\u4e1c\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u3000Sam\u3000Walton\u3000\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5fd9\u4e8e\u6295
\n\u8d44\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u65b0\u5546\u5e97\u3002
\n2\u3002\u8c01\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u80a1\u4e1c\uff1f\u5b64\u513f\u5be1\u6bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4f60\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5206\u7ea2\u751f
\n\u5b58\uff1f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u65b0\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\uff0c
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002
\n3\u3002\u80a1\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5206\u7ea2\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5206\u7ea2\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u6295\u8d44\u8005
\n\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u524a\u51cf\u5206\u7ea2
\n\u505a\u51fa\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u9884\u793a\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u589e
\n\u52a0\u5206\u7ea2\u5f53\u7136\u6380\u4e0d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ce2\u6d6a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u7ea2\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5e94
\n\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u7ea2\u5229\u589e\u52a0\u9884\u793a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u957f\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1a
\n\u6536\u76ca\u4f1a\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u3002
\n4\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ea2\u5229\uff08\u80a1\u606f\uff09\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u968f\u65f6\u7559\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u652f\u4ed8\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8981\u6c42
\n\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u3002
\n5\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u5e38\u662f
\n\u4e0d\u652f\u4ed8\u6216\u652f\u4ed8\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u8fd9\u8fdb\u9700\u8981\u73b0\u91d1\u4fdd\u8bc1\u516c\u53f8
\n\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u90fd\u7559\u5b58\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5
\n\u652f\u6301\u957f\u671f\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u7f3a\u4e4f\u73b0\u91d1\u56f0\u6270\u7740\uff0c\u5374
\n\u53c8\u60f3\u8ba9\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u914d\u80a1\uff08Stock\u3000dividend\uff09\u7684
\n\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u7528\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9\u80a1\u4e1c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206
\n\u7ea2\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5360\u80a1\u7968\u76842\uff05\u81f35\uff05\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u624b\u4e2d\u6709100\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u30002\u3000\u81f3\u30005\u3000\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80a1
\n\u7968\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u5728\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4e2d\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u517c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6536\u8d2d
\n\u517c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6536\u8d2d\u3000\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u6536\u8d2d\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76\uff09\u3000\uff08Mergers\u3000and
\nAcquisitions\uff1b\u3000M\u3000&\u3000A\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u6700\u8ba9\u4eba\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002
\n\u5e2e\u52a9\u516c\u53f8\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5e2e\u4f60\u82b1\u6389\u5b83\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u62ff
\n\u9ad8\u85aa\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6536\u8d2d\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7565\u201d
\n\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6218\u7565\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u51fa
\n\u4e8e\u8d22\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u6563\u6295\u8d44
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u6563\u6295\u8d44\uff08Diversify\u3000the\u3000pany\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u8bd5
\n\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u6c42\u4e1a\u52a1\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u3002Philip\u3000Moris\u3000\u516c\u53f8
\n\u51fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6563\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u3000\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86Kraft\uff1b\u3000General\u3000Foods\u548cMiller
\nBrewing\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u70df\u8349\u7684\u7528\u91cf\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u70df\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5728\u589e
\n\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7981\u6b62\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u505a\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u63d0\u9ad8\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u6536\u76ca
\nP\u3000&\u3000G\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80a5\u7682\u3001\u6d17\u8863\u7c89\u548c\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u51b3
\n\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u8d2d\u4e70\u3000Norwich\u3000Easton\u3000\uff08Pepto\u3000\u2026\u3000Bistmol\uff09\uff0cRich\u3000and
\nSonVicks\uff1b\u3000Noxell\u548c\u3000Hawaiian\u3000Punch\u3000\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u6269\u5927\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c
\n\u76c8\u5229\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u54c1\u724c\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e13\u957f\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u8d2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f30\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u4ef7\u94b1\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u5e10\u4e0a\u6f5c\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u672c\u8eab
\n\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6536\u8d2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002Turner\u3000Broad\u3000Casting\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e\u30001986\u3000\u5e74
\n\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u3000MGM\/United\u3000Artists\u3000\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u3000MGM\u3000\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u6536\u85cf
\n\u9986\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u7535\u5f71\u7247\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u3000Turner\u3000\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u53ef
\n\u56fe\u6240\u81f4\u3002
\n\u964d\u4f4e\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u672c
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u517c\u5e76\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u672c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5438\u5165\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u88ab\u63a5\u7ba1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u6389\u3002\u5728
\n\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u517c\u5e76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5316\u5b66\u94f6
\n\u884c\uff08Chemical\u3000Bank\uff09\u548c\u3000Manufacturers\u3000Hanover\u3000\u4e8e\u30001991\u3000\u5e74
\n\u5408\u5e76\u540e\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u91cf\u5927\u589e\uff0c\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u88c1\u54586\uff1b200\u4eba\u3002
\n\u6536\u8d2d\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u51b3\u5b9a\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u517c\u5e76\u30021986
\n\u5e74\uff0cSperry\u548cBurroughs\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u66f4\u540d\u4e3aUnisys\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4e70\u4e0b\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u6536\u8d2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u65b9\u540c
\n\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5584\u610f\u6536\u8d2d\uff08Friendly\u3000acquisi\u2026tion\uff09\uff1b
\n\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u53eb\u654c\u610f\u6536\u8d2d\uff08Hostile\u3000takeover\uff09\u30021989\u5e74\uff0cProcter\u3000&
\nGamble\u3000\u5584\u610f\u5730\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u3000CoverGirl\u3000\u548c\u3000Clarion\u3000\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u5316\u5986
\n\u54c1\u516c\u53f8Noxell\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u9500\u552e\u4e0a\u5c06\u5927\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002
\n\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u3000\u6536\u8d2d\u65b9\u660e\u663e\u5e26\u6709\u654c\u610f\u3002\u30001984\u5e74\uff0c\u3000T\u3002\u3000Boone
\nPickers\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u8bd5\u56fe\u6536\u8d2d\u3000Phillips\u3000Petroleum\u3000\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6210
\n\u529f\u3002Phillips\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u30001985\u3000\u5e74\u501f\u6b3e\u300045\u3000\u4ebf
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u201c\u56de\u8d2d\u201d\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u300047\uff05\u7684\u666e\u901a\u80a1\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u632b\u8d25\u4e86\u3000Pickens
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u4f01\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u3000Phillips\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u62b5\u62bc\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c
\nPickers\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u5c06\u4e4b\u62b5\u62bc\u501f\u6b3e\u4e86\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u6536\u8d2d\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6211\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d
\n\uff08leveraged\u3000buyout\uff1b\u3000LBO\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u653e\u6b3e\u4eba\u4e50\u610f
\n\u8d37\u6b3e\u7ed9\u4ece\u4e8b\u6536\u8d2d\u7684\u201c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5148\u4ed8\u623f\u4ef7\u30005\uff05\u7684
\n\u5b9a\u91d1\uff0c\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u501f\u94b1\u7ed9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u4e8e\u4e70\u623f\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c
\n\u53f8\u3001\u503a\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u5982\u6cd5\u70ae\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d37\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u6536\u8d2d\u516c
\n\u53f8\u3002\u6760\u6746\u6536\u8d2d\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u8d1f\u62c5\u7740\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u507f
\n\u8fd8\u672c\u91d1\u548c\u5229\u606f\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u517c\u5e76\u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u4f60\u9996\u9009\u9700\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u6536\u8d2d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c
\n\u5e76\u7740\u91cd\u8003\u8651\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u8425\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u3001
\n\u878d\u8d44\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u62a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u4f1a
\n\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e3e\u4e86\u5c0f\u3000Bob\u3000\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540e
\n\u8fb9\u591a\u52a0\u51e0\u4e2a\u96f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u3000Safeway\uff1b\u3000Kroger\u3000\u6216\u3000A\u3000&\u3000P\u3000\u7b49\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u719f\u6089\u4e86Bob\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ecd\u4ee5\u5176\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002
\nBob\u3000Market\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u6da6\u8868
\n\uff08\u622a\u6b62\u81f31992\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5\uff09
\n\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n\u5360\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u7684\uff05
\n\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u30005\uff1b200\u3000100\uff05
\n\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u30003\uff1b900\u300075\uff05
\n\u6bdb\u5229\u30001\uff1b300\u300025\uff05
\n\u9500\u552e\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\uff08SG&A\uff09\u30001\uff1b256\u300024\uff05
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\u300044
\n\u52a0\u56de\uff1a\u6298\u65e7\uff08\u975e\u73b0\u91d1\u9879\uff09\u30003
\n\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff09
\n\u5229\u606f\u53ca\u7a0e\u524d\u5229\u6da6\uff08EBIT\uff09\u300047
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5171\u52065\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u9884\u6d4b\u5229\u6da6\u8868\uff1a\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u3001\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u3001
\n\u9500\u552e\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n2\u3002\u5206\u6790\u9700\u6295\u8d44\u591a\u5c11\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u6362\u6216\u8d2d\u4e70\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u5382\u623f\u3001
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u3002
\n3\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n4\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ecf\u8425\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6b8b\u503c\u3002
\n5\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u51c0\u73b0\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u5177\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684
\n\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u5185\u884c\u80fd\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6218\u7565\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6
\n\u4eec\u5728\u517c\u5e76\u548c\u6536\u8d2d\u4e0a\u65bd\u5c55\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u624d\u5e72\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u30021\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u548c\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u9700\u6c42
\n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bdb\u5229\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7ecf\u8425\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u8d22
\n\u52a1\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u900f\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u770b\u5230\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u672c
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5e02\u573a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u4f55
\n\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u3000Bob\u3000\u5148\u751f\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u548c\u52a9\u624b\u7684\u5546\u8c08\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3
\n\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\u4eca\u540e4\u3000\u5e74\u5185\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e74\u300010\uff05\u7684\u589e
\n\u957f\u7387\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8d8b\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bdb\u5229\u7387\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5728
\n25\uff05\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u5728\u300075\uff05\u5de6\u53f3\u6d6e\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u548c\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u5e94\u7a33\u5b9a\u5728\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u300024\uff05\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8bbe\u52a1\u6298\u65e7\u5e76\u672a\u82b1\u53bb\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c
\n\u5e94\u88ab\u52a0\u56de\u3002Bob\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5e74\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u8d44\u30003\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u6dfb
\n\u5e97\u5185\u7528\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e97\u94fa\u6863\u6b21\u3002\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684
\n\u9884\u6d4b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u9884\u6d4b
\n\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\uff09
\n2\u3002\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u6362\u3001\u6536\u8d2d\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u5382\u623f\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6295\u8d44
\n\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u91c7\u8d2d\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u8bf7
\n\u6559\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9650\u3002
\n3\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd0\u8f6c\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u9500\u552e\u989d
\n\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9500\u552e\u989d\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6536\u94f6\u673a\u5904\u5907\u7559\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5360\u7528\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ece\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u8d2d\u4e70\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c
\n\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u8d4a\u5e10\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6
\n\u7684\u8865\u507f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8003\u8651\u7684
\n\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u91d1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002
\nBob\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709115\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u300087\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u51c0\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a28\uff1b000\u7f8e\u5143\uff08115\u202687\uff09\u3002
\n\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4ece\u6742\u8d27\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u5904\u589e\u52a0\u8d4a\u5e10\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cBob\u3000\u8bf4\u6bcf\u5468\u4ed6\u9700
\n\u8981\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5143\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e2d\u7684\u300028\u3000\u5206\uff0828\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u00f7\uff075\uff1b200\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e
\n\u5143\uff08\u6bcf\u5e74\u9500\u552e\u989d\u00f7\u6bcf\u5e74\u300052\u3000\u5468\uff07\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6536\u94f6\u673a\u5904\u7559\u5b58\u73b0\u91d1\u548c\u4fdd
\n\u6301\u5e93\u5b58\u3002
\n\u5c06\u4e4b\u52a0\u5230\u8bc4\u4f30\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u9884\u6d4b
\n\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\uff091\u5e74\u30002\u5e74\u30003\u5e74\u30004\u5e74
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff08EBIT\uff09\u300057\u300063\u300070\u300077
\n\u51cf\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u9700\u6c42*\u30003\u30003\u30004\u30004
\n\u51c0\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u300054\u300060\u300066\u300073
\n*\u8868\u793a\uff08\u9500\u552e\/52\uff09\u00d728\uff05\u2026\u4e0a\u5e74\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\n4\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6b8b\u503c
\n\u5047\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c06\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5728
\n\u8d22\u52a1\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u671f\u7ec8\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b8b\u503c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u52a0\u56de\u5230\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\nBob\u3000Market\u516c\u53f8\u7b2c4\u3000\u5e74\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u768473\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f30
\n\u8ba1\u73b0\u91d1\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u8bc4\u4f30\u6c38\u4e45\u503a\u5238\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002
\n\u6b8b\u503c\u3000\u6700\u7ec8\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41
\n\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50\u3000\u6210\u957f\u3000=
\n\u2026
\n\u6b64\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44\u672c\u6210\u672c\uff08WACC\uff09\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u3000WACC\u3000\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\uff08Free\u3000cash\u3000flow\uff09
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u503a\u52a1\u5229\u606f\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u7ea2\u5229\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8d34\u73b0\u56e0
\n\u5b50\u5df2\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u80a1\u672c\u3002
\nBob\u3000Market\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u3002\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a
\n\u8868\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u300010\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u300045\uff1b000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u3002\u503a\u52a1
\n\u7684\u5229\u606f\u7387\u662f\u300010\uff05\u3002\u7528\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7528
\n\u957f\u671f\u56fd\u503a\u65e0\u98ce\u9669\u5229\u7387\u30008\uff05\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u6ea2\u4ef7\u30007\u30024\uff05\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4e\u8d1f\u503a\u6c34\u679c\u5e97\u5177
\n\u6709\u7684\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669BETA\u503c0\u300285\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5176\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u662f14\u30023\uff05\u3002
\nK\u3000=\u3000R\u3000\uff0b\u3000\uff08K\u3000\u2026\u3000R\u3000\uff09Beta
\n14\u30023\uff05\u3000=\u30008\uff05\u3000\uff0b\u3000\uff087\u30024\uff05\uff09\u30000\u300285
\ne\u3000f\u3000m\u3000f
\n\u00d7
\n\u5c06\u80a1\u672c\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ee3\u5165\u3000WACC\u3000\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u8d44
\n\u672c\u6210\u672c\u662f13\uff05\u3002
\nWACC\u3000=\u3000K\u3000\uff081\u2026\u3000t\uff09\u3000\uff0b\u3000K\u3000d\u3000e
\n\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u80a1\u672c\u603b\u548c
\n\u80a1\u672c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u80a1\u672c\u603b\u548c
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\uff1f
\n\u00f7
\n13\uff05\u3000=\u300010\uff05\uff081\u3000\u2026\u30000\u300230\uff09
\n10\uff1b000
\n55\uff1b000
\n\uff0b14\u30023\uff05\u300045\uff1b000
\n55\uff1b000
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff1f
\n\u00e8
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\nPresent\u3000Value\u2026The\u3000value\u3000of\u3000a\u3000dollar\u3000received\u3000in\u3000the
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\nportfolio\u3000of\u3000securities\u3000as\u3000it\u3000reacts\u3000to\u3000general\u3000market
\nmovements\u3002
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\nof\u3000an\u3000investor’s\u3000investment
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\nfor\u3000a\u3000limited\u3000amount\u3000of\u3000time
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\nCapital\u3000Structure\u2026The\u3000mix\u3000of\u3000debt\u3000and\u3000equity\u3000of\u3000apany
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\nand\u3000Other\u3000matters\uff1b\u3000the\u3000checklist\u3000to\u3000be\u3000considered\u3000in
\nmaking\u3000capital\u3000structure\u3000decisions
\nThe\u3000Optimal\u3000Capital\u3000Structure\u2026One\u3000that\u3000minimizes\u3000the
\nweighted\u3000average\u3000cost\u3000of\u3000capital\u3000and\u3000maximizes\u3000the\u3000value
\nof\u3000the\u3000firm\u7b2c7\u5929\u3000\u7ecf\u8425
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u8fd0\u7b79\u5b66\u5386\u53f2
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u6846\u67b6
\n\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe
\n\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u5212
\n\u7518\u7279\u56fe
\n\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u6392\u961f\u8bba
\n\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d2d\u4e70\u6570
\n\u539f\u6599\u9700\u6c42\u89c4\u5212
\n\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u95e8\u65e8\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u7814\u7a76\u5546\u4e1a\u6700\u9ad8\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e13\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u6559\u6388\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf
\n\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Production\u3000and\u3000operations\u3000management\uff09\u8bfe\u7684\u6559
\n\u6388\u4eec\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u8ba9\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6982\u7565\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u9057\u61be
\n\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb2\u8005\u6709\u610f\uff0c\u542c\u8005\u65e0\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u5927\u591a\u6570\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u90fd\u4f9b\u804c
\n\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u8425\u9500\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1990\u3000\u5e74\u4ece\u3000Dartmouth
\n\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c
\n\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5bc6\u6267\u5b89\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u30002\uff05\u7684\u4eba
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u96c7\u4e3b\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u8bc6\u5c1a\u4e14\u4e0d
\n\u591f\uff0c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u5de5\u5382\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u4e48\u9ad8\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\u96c7\u4e3b\u4eec
\n\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u662f\u7559\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u90e8\u6572\u6572\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u52a8\u52a8\u7b14\u6746\u5b50\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b\u53ca\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u3000MBA\u3000\u4ece
\n\u4e1a\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5174\u8da3\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u8bfe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1
\n\u7406\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6216\u6570\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c
\n\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u8425\u4e2d
\n\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9887\u5177\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ece\u5de5\u4eba
\n\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927
\n\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8c03\u52a8\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002
\n\u8fd0\u7b79\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u628a\u5546\u4e1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u89c4\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u6df1\u5165\uff0c
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e9\u5df2\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7edd\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u795e\u5947\u7684\u516c\u5f0f
\n\u4e86\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5353\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u8f66\u95f4\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210
\n\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u3000MBA\u3000\u76f8\u4e92
\n\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u5230\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u589e\u52a0\u5230
\n\u4f60\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2
\n\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\uff08Frederick\u3000W\u00b7Taylor\uff09\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1
\n\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300019\u3000\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u548c\u300020\u3000\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00
\n\u5957\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u70bc\u94a2\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u884c
\n\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec6\u5206\u5316\uff08Job\u3000fractionalization\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u89e3\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00
\n\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u6709\u6548
\n\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6cf0
\n\u52d2\u7528\u79d2\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u65f6\u95f4\u52a8\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\uff08Time\u3000and\u3000motion
\nstudies\uff09\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u627e\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u201d\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6cf0\u52d2\u672c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u61d2\u60f0\u3001\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c
\n\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u61d2\u60f0\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6218\u80dc\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n\u5f17\u5170\u514b\uff08Frank\uff09\u548c\u5229\u8fde\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u601d\uff08Lillian\u3000Gilbreth\uff09
\nGilbreths\u3000\u5144\u5f1f\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u7814\u7a76\u7740\u7a76\u7adf\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u9014\u5f84\u80fd\u4f7f\u5de5\u5382
\n\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u5e72\u6d3b\u65f6\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814
\n\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u300017\u3000\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u88ab
\n\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u7d20\uff08Therblig\uff09\u3002\u548c\u6cf0\u52d2\u4e00\u6837\uff0cGilbreths\u3000\u5144\u5f1f\u5c06\u590d\u6742
\n\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6309\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u6210\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u820d\u5f03\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6574\u7406
\n\u51fa\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u52a8\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5229\u8fde\uff08Lillian\uff09\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u672c
\n\u9887\u4e3a\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u4e00\u6253\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u300b\u3000\uff08Cheaper\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Dozen\uff09\u3002
\n\u5979\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e66\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u517b\u80b2\u3001\u7167\u7c73\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u300012\u3000\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8981
\n\u9886\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5979\u5bf9\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90ae\u653f\u90e8\u4e8e
\n1984\u5e74\u4ee5\u5979\u4e3a\u9898\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u679a40\u7f8e\u5206\u7684\u90ae\u7968\u3002
\n\u57c3\u800c\u987f\u00b7\u6885\u5965\uff08Elton\u3000Mayo\uff09
\nElton\u3000Mayo\u3000\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Humanrelations\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8fc7
\n\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cMayo\u3000\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bfb\u627e\u6b63\u786e\u7684
\n\u52a8\u4f5c\u7ec4\u5408\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n1927\u3000\u5e74\uff0cMayo\u3000\u5bf9\u897f\u7535\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8c6a\u68ee\u5de5\u5382\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7814
\n\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u786e\u7acb\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5de5\u5382
\n\u8f66\u95f4\u7167\u660e\u4eae\u5ea6\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4eae\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4f55\u79cd\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4eae\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u7387\u90fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5
\n\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5c31\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8c6a\u68ee\u6548
\n\u5e94\uff08Hawthorne\u3000Effect\uff09\u3002Mayo\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u4e9b\u56f0\u60d1\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u627e\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba
\n\u5458\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u7167\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u8981\u597d\u4e9b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fde\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5e73\u65f6\u5f88\u7b80\u5355
\n\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u70ed\u60c5\u66f4
\n\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u65e5\u8d8b\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u9047\u5230
\n\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff08Bottlenecks\uff09\u73b0\u8c61\u8feb\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u79d1
\n\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u519b\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5bfb
\n\u627e\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u652f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd0
\n\u7b79\u5b66\uff08Operational\u3000research\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u3000OR\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5c06
\n\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u4e88\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002
\nX\u7406\u8bba\u3001Y\u7406\u8bba\u548cZ\u7406\u8bba
\n1960\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff08MIT\uff09\u7684\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u683c\u91cc\u683c
\n\uff08Douglas\u3000McGregor\uff09\u5c06\u6cf0\u52d2\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u3000X\u3000\u7406
\n\u8bba\uff08Theory\u3000X\uff09\uff0cMayo\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a\u3000Y\u3000\u7406\u8bba\uff08Theory\u3000Y\uff09\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684
\n\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\nX\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cf0\u52d2\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u62b1\u6709\u5341
\n\u5206\u201c\u60b2\u89c2\u201d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6765\u61d2\u60f0\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700
\n\u8981\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5956\u7f5a\u6765\u7763\u4fc3\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5fc3\uff0c\u9664
\n\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u3000Mayo\u3000\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u3000Y\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u521b
\n\u9020\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5f81\u8be2\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u6709
\n\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u62c5\u8d1f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002
\nY\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u5360\u4e86\u4e0a\u5c81\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4e4c\u5947\uff08William\u3000Ouchi\uff09
\n\u628a\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u548c\u853c\u53ef\u4eb2\u7684\u3000Y\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u3000Z\u3000\u7406\u8bba
\n\uff08Theory\u3000Z\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000Z\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u65e5
\n\u672c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u7528\u3000Z\u3000\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u56e2\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u51b3
\n\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5728
\n\u8d28\u91cf\u5708\uff08Quality\u3000circles\uff09\u4e2d\u4e00\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c7\u5458\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d
\n\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u5f53\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u50cf\u662f
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u52b2\u5934\u66f4\u8db3\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u5c3d\u804c\u5c3d
\n\u8d23\u3002
\n\u5e94\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c
\n\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u603b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u5e94\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Contingency
\napproach\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u6216
\n\u5c06\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5c06\u6cf0\u52d2\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00
\n\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u7684Z\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u5c06\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5c06\u6cf0\u52d2\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00
\n\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u7684Z\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u66f4\u597d\u4e86\u3002
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u8425\u4e2d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6846\u67b6
\n\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7740
\n\u624b\u5b66\u4e60\u3000MBA\u3000\u7ecf\u8425\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d
\n\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u67095\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u8003\u8651\uff1a
\n\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u80fd\u751f\u4ea7\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\n\u5b89\u6392\u2014\u2014\u6211\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5e93\u5b58\uff0c\u6211\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c11\u4e4b\uff1f
\n\u6807\u51c6\u2014\u2014\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u63a7\u5236\u2014\u2014\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u884c\uff1f
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u9762\u53d7\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u76ee\u7684
\n\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u57f9\u517b\u4f60\u6210\u4e3a\u61c2\u5f97\u5236\u9020\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c
\n\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4ed4\u7ec6
\n\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u8ff0\u30005\u3000\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u7edc\uff0c
\n\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u5411\u4f60\u4ecb\u7ecd\u90a3\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u5e94\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u76846M\u6982\u5ff5
\n\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0cMBA\u4eec\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c6M\u201d
\n\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u201cM\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7740\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u53ea\u8bb2\u63884\u79cd\u3000M\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6269\u589e\u5230\u30007
\n\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u5341\u540d\u7684\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u5747\u8bb2\u6388\u201cM\u201d
\n\u7406\u8bba\u3002
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Methods\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u751f\u4ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u4f73
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u8f66\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u6446\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u5e03\u5c40\u4e0a\u662f\u5426
\n\u6700\u5408\u7406\uff1f
\n\u539f\u6599\uff08Materials\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6240\u9700\u539f\u6599\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u662f\u5426\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u662f\u5426\u5408\u683c\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u827a\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5426\u53ca\u65f6\u8d2d\u4e70\u3001\u5b58\u653e\u548c
\n\u8fd0\u9001\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u6599\uff1f
\n\u4eba\u529b\uff08Manpower\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u57f9
\n\u8bad\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u76ee\u6807\uff1f\u5de5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7
\n\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5e76\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u4eca\u540e\u6b32\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u6280\u672f
\n\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff1f
\n\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\uff08Machinery\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6709\u65e0\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5
\n\u5177\uff1f\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u5426
\n\u8fbe\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1f
\n\u8d44\u91d1\uff08Money\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7528\u7269\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5145\u8db3\uff1f\u8003\u8651\u5230
\n\u6574\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u7ea7\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff1f\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u6536\u5165\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u8d39\u7528\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8be5
\n\u9879\u76ee\u503c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4ecb\u5165\uff1f\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d22\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff09
\n\u4fe1\u606f\uff08Messages\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4eba\u3001\u673a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u662f
\n\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u80fd\u8ba9\u5404\u73af\u8282\u53ca\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f
\n\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u88c5\u5907\u80fd\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4eba
\n\u5458\u53ca\u65f6\u638c\u63e1\u6bcf\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u636e\u88c5
\n\u7f6e\u3002
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5982\u4e0b3\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
\n\u8fde\u7eed\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Continuous\u3000process\uff09
\n\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u751f\u4ea7\uff08Assembly\u3000line\uff09
\n\u52a0\u5de5\u8f66\u95f4\uff08Job\u3000shop\uff09
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d8a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u63d0\u70bc\u5382\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u8fde\uff08Continuous\uff09\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u63d0\u70bc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e00\u5929\u300024\u3000\u5c0f\u65f6\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u63d0\u70bc\u5382\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a
\n\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u8bbe\u5907\u5e73\u7a33\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u4e0d
\n\u592a\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u505c\u4ea7\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4e5f\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u8001\u5f0f\u7684\u4eab\u5229\u00b7\u798f\u7279\uff08Henry\u3000Ford\uff09\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\uff08Assembly\u3000line\uff09
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4e2d\u90fd\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u8854\u63a5\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u4f7f\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u901a\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u3002\u7ec4\u88c5
\n\u7ebf\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u505c\u4ea7\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u751f\u4ea7\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u66f4\u6539\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u800c\u9002\u5e94\u5404\u79cd\u989d\u6211\u8bbe\u5907\u7ec4\u5408\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4e0a\u4ea6\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u5934\u8111\u7684\u5207\u9664\u767d\u5185\u969c\u7684\u773c\u79d1\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u624b\u672f\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206
\n\u89e3\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u641e\u4e86\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u505a\u767d\u5185\u969c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u201d\u3002
\n\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u5ba2\u6237\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u52a0\u5de5\u8f66\u95f4\u3000\uff08Job
\nshop\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u52a0\u5de5\u8f66\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u8bbe
\n\u8ba1\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e8b\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u52a0\u5de5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5e03
\n\u5c40\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u6c42\u4e0a\u3002\u673a\u52a0\u5de5\u8f66\u95f4\uff0c
\n\u5370\u5237\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u7684\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5bb6\u5177\u7684\u5382\u5bb6\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u52a0\u7136\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u8bbe\u5907
\n\u548c\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u5374\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002
\n\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u5206\u6790\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u95ee\u9898
\n\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u662f\u53bb\u5f53\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u5de5\u5382\u7684
\n\u5382\u957f\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u63e1\u6273\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5851\u6599\u6d41
\n\u7a0b\u56fe\u677f\uff08Flow\u3000diagram\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5851\u6599\u6a21\u677f\u4e0a\u9762\u523b\u51fa\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u3001
\n\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u548c\u83f1\u5f62\u7684\u51f9\u6a21\u7528\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed8\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3001\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u4eab\u4e0a
\n\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6709\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5728\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u628a\u751f\u4ea7\u6d41\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u91cf\uff08Throughputs\uff09\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u52a0\u6cb9\u7ad9\u66f4\u6362\u6c7d\u8f66\u673a\u6cb9\u65f6\u6240\u82b1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a20\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u800c\u5728Jiffy\u3000Lube\u52a0\u6cb9\u7ad9\u6362\u673a\u6cb9\u7684
\n\u52a0\u6cb9\u7ad9\u66f4\u6362\u673a\u6cb9\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe
\n\u8857\u89d2\u52a0\u6cb9\u7ad9\u2014\u2014\u8f66\u987b\u7559\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u9884\u7ea6\u4e00\u540d\u6280\u5de5\uff1a
\n\u9a76\u79bb
\n\u67b6\u5b50
\n\u5c06\u8f66
\n\u964d\u4e0b
\n\u53d6\u6cb9\u548c
\n\u96f6\u4ef6
\n\u88c5\u4e0a
\n\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668
\n\u88c5\u4e0a
\n\u6cb9\u585e
\n\u4ece\u7f50\u4e2d
\n\u5012\u6cb9
\n\u5378\u4e0b
\n\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668
\n\u62d4\u6cb9\u585e
\n\u653e\u6cb9
\n\u5c06\u8f66
\n\u63d0\u8d77
\n\u5f00\u8f66
\n\u4e0a\u67b6
\nJiffy\u3000Lube\u2014\u2014\u7acb\u7b49\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u9884\u7ea6
\n\u88c5\u4e0a
\n\u6cb9\u585e
\n\u5f00\u8f66\u9a76\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u69fd
\n\u6280\u6cb9\u585e
\n\u653e\u6cb9
\n\u5378\u4e0b
\n\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668
\n\u4ece\u7bb1\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa
\n\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u88c5\u4e0a\u3000\u5de5\u4f5c\u69fd\u6280\u5de5
\n\u5f00\u51fa\u3000\u7528\u6cb9\u67aa\u52a0\u6cb9\u3000\u5730\u9762\u6280\u5de5
\n\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u300010\u3000\u5206\u949f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0
\n\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f
\nJiffy\u3000Lube\u3000\u52a0\u6cb9\u7ad9\u4e13\u95e8\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6362\u673a\u6cb9\u3002
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u6392\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u5de5
\n\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u529b\u4e89\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u5c3a\uff0c
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed8\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u54a8\u8be2\u987e\u95ee\u4e00\u6837\u5206\u6790\u95ee
\n\u9898\u3002
\n\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u5212\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u7ea6\u675f\u95ee\u9898
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u53d1\u751f
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4eba\u7b49\u95ee
\n\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7684
\n\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u79cd\u4ea7\u51fa\u6700\u9ad8\u3001\u6536\u5165\u6700\u591a\u3001
\n\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u800c\u53c8\u6210\u672c\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u60f3\u4ee5\u8bd5\u5dee\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u7684\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5e86\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9
\n\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u5212\uff08Linear\u3000programming\uff1b\u3000LP\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u3000Tangerine\u3000puter\u3000\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u8be5\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u4e24\u79cd\u578b
\n\u53f7\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1a\u8c6a\u534e\u578b\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u578b\u3002\u8c6a\u534e\u578b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u522b\u7684\u673a\u7bb1\uff0c
\n\u914d\u5907\u4e24\u4e2a\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u6807\u51c6\u578b\u5219\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e0a\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e30\u4e2a\u8c6a\u534e\u673a\u7bb1\uff0c60\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u673a\u7bb1\uff0c
\n120\u4e2a\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8c6a\u534e\u578b\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u662f\u6bcf\u53f0\u3000500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u578b\u7684
\n\u6bcf\u53f0\u5229\u6da6\u662f300\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u5e94\u5404\u751f\u4ea7\u591a\u5c11\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5462\uff1f
\n\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1f
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u7b49\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6700\u5927\u8fd8\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u3002
\n\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cTangerine\u5de5\u5382\u5e0c\u671b\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002
\n\uff08X\u3000\u53f0\u8c6a\u534e\u578b\u00d7500\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0b\uff08Y\u3000\u53f0\u6807\u51c6\u578b\u00d7300\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\uff09=
\n\u603b\u5229\u6da6
\n\u9650\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\uff1a
\n\u8c6a\u534e\u673a\u7bb1\uff1a\uff08X\u53f0\u00d71\uff09\uff0b\uff08Y\u53f0\u00d70\uff09 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4e9b\uff0c\u6392\u7684\u961f\u77ed\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002
\n\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u6392\u961f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a
\nA=\u6bcf\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570S=\u6bcf\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u6bcf\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u670d\u52a1\u6b21\u6570
\nM=\u9014\u5f84\u603b\u6570
\n\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u6570=A\/MS
\n\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u5f85\u6570=\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u4eba\u6570\u603b\u6570\u2026\uff08A\/S\uff09
\n\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u9884\u8ba1\u7b49\u5019\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3000\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u5019\u3000=
\nA
\n\u4ecd\u4ee5\u94f6\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u5bb6\u82b1\u65d7\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa
\n\u7eb3\u5458\u80fd\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u300050\u3000\u540d\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u63a5\u5f85\u987e\u5ba2\u5b58\u53d6\u6b3e\uff0c\u987e\u5ba2\u5149\u987e\u8fd9\u5bb6
\n\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4eba\u6570\u662f\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f645\u4eba\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u7eb3\u5458\uff1a
\nS=50\u4f4d\u987e\u5ba2\uff08\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u63a5\u5f85\u80fd\u529b\uff09
\nA=45\u4f4d\u987e\u5ba2\uff08\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u5e73\u5747\u5149\u987e\u4eba\u6570\uff09
\nA\u3000\/\u3000MS\u3000=
\n45
\n1\u300050
\n=\u300090\uff05\u3000\u2032
\n\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff08\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5e97\u5458\u975e\u5e38\u5fd9\u65f6\uff09
\n\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u961f\u5217\u4e2d
\n\u5e73\u5747\u6392\u961f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u662f8\u30021\u4eba\u3002
\nA\/MS\u3000M=1\u3000M=2
\n0\u300245\u30000\u300237\u30000\u300223
\n0\u300250\u30000\u300250\u30000\u300233
\n0\u30026\u30000\u30029\u30000\u300267
\n0\u30027\u30001\u30026\u30001\u30023
\n0\u30028\u30003\u30022\u30002\u30029
\n0\u30029\u30008\u30021\u30007\u30027
\n\u770b\u6765\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u51fa\u7eb3\u5458\u4f1a\u66f4\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u961f\u5217\u7684
\n\u6392\u961f\u4eba\u6570\u5e94\u4ece8\u4f4d\u51cf\u52304\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5417\uff1f
\n\u4e24\u4f4d\u51fa\u7eb3\u5458\uff1a
\nA\u3000MS\u3000\/\u3000\u3002\u3000=
\n\u2032
\n=
\n45
\n2\u300050
\n0\u300045
\n\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u5019\u961f\u5217=0\u300223\u987e\u5ba2\uff08\u7531\u4e0a\u8868\u5f97\u51fa\uff09
\n\u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u5019\uff01
\n\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u7eb3\u5458\uff0c\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5019\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u300097\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002
\n\u5f53\u961f\u5217\u975e\u5e38\u5fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u51fa\u7eb3\u5c31\u8d77\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53ea
\n\u6709\u6392\u961f\u8bba\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u4e86\u4e2a\u6700
\n\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u6392\u961f\u8bba\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u7591\u96be\u6392\u961f\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u95e8\u8457\u4e66\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u56fe\u8868\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f60
\n\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6392\u961f\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u3000MBA
\n\u8bfe\u7a0b\u60f3\u8981\u6559\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u5148\u8ba9\u4f60\u61c2\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec
\n\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u7a33\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08The\u3000Balancing\u3000Act\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73
\n\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u5ba1\u614e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5404\u90e8
\n\u95e8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5341\u5206\u8270\u5de8\u3002
\n\u62ff\u9500\u552e\u6c7d\u8f66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u603b\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5e93\u5b58\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u66f4
\n\u591a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u987e\u5ba2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u613f\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u56e0\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63
\n\u5728\u70ed\u9500\u7684\u8dd1\u8f66\u6216\u5bb6\u7528\u5c0f\u8d27\u8f66\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c
\n\u8d44\u91d1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u5e93\u5b58\u964d\u81f3\u8d8a\u4f4e\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u5728\u5e93\u5b58\u4e0a\u8d44
\n\u91d1\u5360\u7528\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7701\u51fa\u94b1\u7528\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u6295\u8d44\u4e0a\u6216\u652f\u4ed8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ea2
\n\u5229\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e
\n\u91cd\u590d\u8d77\u505c\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u548c\u5ef6\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u5e93
\n\u5b58\u7684\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u8bcd\u6c47\uff08Inventory\u3000Vocabulary\uff09\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5de5\u5382\u8fd8\u662f\u9762
\n\u5305\u623f\uff0c\u5e93\u5b58\u591a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52173\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff1a
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u2014\u2014\u9762\u7c89\u3001\u7cd6\u3001\u6cb9\u9165\u3001\u51b0\u5757\u7b49\u3002
\n\u5728\u5236\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u751f\u9762\u7b4b\u3001\u70e4\u7089\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u5fc3\u3001\u6258\u76d8\u4e0a\u51b7\u5374\u7684\u70b9\u5fc3\u3002
\n\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4f9b\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u86cb\u7cd5\u3001\u997c\u5e72\u548c\u751c\u5708\u7b49\u3002
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5de5\u4e0a\u7684\u6295
\n\u8d44\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5206
\n\u6790\u5e93\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5e93\u5b58\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\uff08Inventory\u3000flow\u3000diagram\uff09\u3002
\n\u8be5\u56fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a
\n\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u4fdd\u6301\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u67095\u79cd\uff1a
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5e72\u7ebf\uff08Pipeline\uff09\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5ef6\u8bef\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n\u5468\u671f\uff08Cycle\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4f9b\u8d27\u65b9\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u4e8e\u5373\u8be5\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5b9a
\n\u5355\u3002
\n\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08Safety\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5e93
\n\u5b58\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4e34\u65f6\u4e4b\u9700\u3002\u65e0\u5e93\u5b58\u65f6\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u505c\u4ea7\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u635f\u5931\u3002
\n\u9884\u89c1\u6027\uff08Anticipatory\uff09\u2014\u2014\u62e5\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u4ee5\u5907\u4e0d\u65f6\u4e4b\u9700\u3002
\n\u731c\u6d4b\uff08Speculative\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u62ac\u9ad8\u4ef7\u683c\u800c\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684
\n\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u5e93\u5b58\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u5728\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u4f7f\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0
\n\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u542b\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\uff09
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599
\n\u5728\u5236\u54c1\u539f\u6750\u6599
\n\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u539f\u6750\u6599
\n\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ed3\u675f
\n\u52a0\u5de5\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u603b\u662f\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u8981\u65f6
\n\u624d\u53ca\u65f6\u8fd0\u5230\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5373\u65f6\u5e93\u5b58\uff08Just\u3000in\u3000time\u3000inventory\uff1b\u3000JIT\uff09\u3002
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6
\n\u65f6\u586b\u5199\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3akanban\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5361\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u65f6\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26
\n\u5408\u6c7d\u8f66\u751f\u4ea7\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u5148\u662f\u5728\u90a3
\n\u4e9b\u597d\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7740\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5546\u9700\u8981
\n\u65f6\u624d\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u597d\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u4e0e\u52a0\u5de5\u5236\u9020\u90e8\u95e8\u534f
\n\u8c03\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u8981\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf\uff08Economic\u3000order\u3000quantity\uff1b\u3000EOQ\uff09\u3002\u5229\u7528
\n\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u3000EOQ\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5728
\n\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u91c7\u8d2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u3001\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u54c1\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u6743\u8861\u6709\u5173\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6210\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840
\n\u4e0a\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002
\n\u7ef4\u6301\u6210\u672c\uff08Carrying\u3000costs\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u5e93\u5b58\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u4fdd
\n\u9669\u548c\u878d\u8d44\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5e94
\n\u8003\u8651\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002
\n\u8ba2\u8d27\u6210\u672c\uff08Ordering\u3000costs\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8ba2\u8d27\u6210\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u53d1\u51fa\u5b9a
\n\u5355\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8ba1\u3001\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4eba\u5de5\u3001\u539f\u6599\u7b49\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8d39\u7528\u3002
\n\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u4f46\u5374\u5b9a
\n\u8d2d\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u867d\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8ba2\u8d27\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ef4
\n\u6301\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u8425\u8ba2\u8d27\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7ef4\u6301\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u589e\u5927\u4e86
\n\u8ba2\u8d27\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e0b\u9875\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u662f\u5728\u8ba2\u8d27\u6210\u672c\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u6210\u672c\u53cc\u53cc\u964d\u81f3\u5f88
\n\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e93\u5b58\u603b\u6210\u672c\u6c34\u5e73\u6700\u4f4e\u3002
\nEOQ\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4f7f\u8ba2\u8d27\u6210\u672c\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u7406\u60f3
\n\u70b9\u3002
\nEOQ\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u3000\uff09\u3000Q*\u3000=
\n\uff082\u3000R\u3000O\uff09\u3000\u2032\u3000\u2032
\nC
\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a
\nQ=\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u5e93\u5b58\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf
\nR=\u6bcf\u5e74\u5355\u4f4d\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\uff08\u9700\u6c42\uff09
\nO=\u53d1\u51fa\u5b9a\u5355\u6210\u672c
\nC=\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5185\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u6210\u672c
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u67d0\u4e00\u6c7d\u8f66\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u5206\u9500\u5546\u8d1f\u8d23\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u582a\u8428\u65af\u57ce\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4
\n\u6362\u6c7d\u8f66\u9876\u706f\u706f\u6ce1\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u706f\u6ce1\u7684
\n\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u57282000\u652f\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5206\u9500\u5546\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ece\u901a\u7528\u7535\u5668\u516c\u53f8\u8ba2\u8d27\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u5bf9\u65b9\u6536\u53d6\u5904\u7406\u5b9a\u5355\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u300014\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5bf9\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76
\n\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u652f\u706f\u6ce1\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u662f0\u30025\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u652f\u3000=
\n2\u30002000\u300014\u3000\u2032\u3000\u2032
\n=
\n05
\n335
\n\u3002
\n\u8ba2\u8d27\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5e93\u5b58\u5e73\u8861
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf
\n\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6
\n\u8d27\u7269\u5e74
\n\u5e93\u5b58\u6210
\n\u672c
\n\u5e74\u5ea6\u603b\u6210\u672c
\n\uff08\u8d27\u503c\uff0b\u7ef4\u6301\uff0b\u8ba2\u8d27\uff09
\n\u8ba2\u8d27\u6210\u672c
\n\u7ef4\u6301\u6210\u672c
\n\u8d27\u7269\u6210\u672c
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf
\n\u8ba2\u8d27\u89c4\u6a21
\n\u6b64\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e93\u5b58\u5b9a\u5355\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u3000335\u3000\u652f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e
\n\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u30002000\u3000\u652f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u5e74\u8981\u5b9a\u8d27\u30006\u3000\u6b21\uff082000\/335\uff09\u3002
\n\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3000EOQ\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\u53ea
\n\u662f\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u6c42\u5728\u5e74\u5ea6\u5185\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u53d8\u52a8
\n\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u50cf\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u5bf9\u51b0\u5757\u3001\u86cb\u9152\u6216\u5564\u9152\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u3000EOQ\u3000\u5c31\u65e0
\n\u751a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e13\u95e8\u4fee\u6b63\u3000EOQ\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c
\n\u4f7f\u4e4b\u9002\u5e94\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u591a
\n\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6bcf\u5e74\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8ba2\u8d27\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u5e94
\n\u7528\u6709\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u65f6\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u4ecd\u80fd\u548c\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u4e13\u5bb6\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5e93\u5b58\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5f53\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u3002
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u9700\u6c42\u89c4\u5212\uff1a\u5e93\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u7ba1\u7406\u3000\uff08Material
\nRequirements\u3000Planning\uff1b\u3000MRP\uff1aInventory\u3000and\u3000Capacity
\nManagement\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5e93\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5236
\n\u9020\u4e1a\u73b0\u5df2\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u52a0\u5de5\u5236\u9020\u4efb\u52a1\u3002MRP\u3000\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c
\n\u89c4\u5212\u5de5\u5382\u6240\u9700\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000MRP\u3000\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u89c4\u5212
\n\u5de5\u5382\u6240\u9700\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000MRP\u3000\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u52a0\u5de5\u8d44\u6e90\u89c4\u5212\u201d\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u5236\u9020\u52a0\u5de5\u4e1a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb
\n\u7edf\u3002MRP\u3000\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u4ea7\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fdd\u8bc1\u751f\u4ea7\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u5e93\u5b58\u91cf\u3002
\n\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e1a\u3001\u5bb6\u7528\u7535\u5668\u4e1a\u3001\u6700\u5b50\u884c\u4e1a\u7b49\u5bf9\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5728
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u3000MRP\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u9700\u719f\u6089\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u5bf9\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65b9\u80fd\u628a\u5ba2\u6237
\n\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u52a8\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b9a\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u5de5\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u5e76\u5b89\u6392\u4ece\u4f9b\u8d27
\n\u5546\u90a3\u91cc\u53ca\u65f6\u63d0\u8d27\u3002
\nMRP\u3000\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u786e\u5b9a\u51fa\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb
\n\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u672c\u7530\uff08Honda\u3000Civic\uff09\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u7ec4\u88c5\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548
\n\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u5fc5\u9700\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u73af
\n\u8282\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u539f\u94a2\u8f66\u4f53\u7684\u94f8\u6c99\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5c06\u8f66\u5f00\u51fa\u5de5\u5382\u3002
\n\u6cf0\u52d2\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94
\n\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u6478\u6e05\u695a\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u786e\u5b9a
\n\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5bf9\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u538b\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u524d
\n\u6321\u677f\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u5f0f\u65f6\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u51b2\u538b\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u6e05\u4e8c\u695a\u3002
\n\u8d1f\u8d23\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u4ea7\u67d0\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u539f\u6750
\n\u6599\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u6e05\u5355\u5c31\u662f\u6750\u6599\u6e05\u5355\uff08Bill\u3000of
\nMaterials\uff1b\u3000BOM\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u4e4b\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u91cc\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u9700\u6c42\u4fbf\u80fd\u5206\u89e3
\n\u6210\u660e\u786e\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7528\u91cf\u3002\u3000\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u3000\u4f9d\u7167MRP\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u3000\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f86Honda\u3000Civic
\n\u8f66\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f66\u706f\uff0c46\u3000\u4e2a\u30002\u3000\u82f1\u5bf8\u7684\u87ba\u4e1d\uff0c4\u30022\u3000\u54c1\u8131\u7684\u6cb9\u6f06\u4ee5\u53ca
\n\u6210\u767e\u4ef6\u5176\u5b83\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u3002\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8bad\u5b58\u4e5f\u7528MRP\u3000\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002\u7528\u3000MRP
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6566\u4fc3\u5de5\u5382\u7ecf\u7406\u4fdd\u6301\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u5e93\u5b58\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf
\n\u7684\u7528\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f7f\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u6309\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf\u91c7\u8d2d\uff0c
\n\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u5728\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u5e93\u5b58\u6c34\u5e73\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3000MRP\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u534f\u8c03\u597d\u4ece\u9884\u6d4b\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u5230\u8fd0\u9001
\n\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e3b\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212
\n\uff08Master\u3000production\u3000schedule\uff1b\u3000MPS\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u5173\u9700
\n\u6c42\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3001\u53d1\u51fa\u5b9a\u5355\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u534f\u8c03
\n\u5236\u9020\u52a0\u5de5\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u9700\u6c42\u89c4\u5212\u7cfb\u7edf\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u6c42
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u5212
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6e05\u5355\u6863\u6848\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u539f\u6750\u6599\u9700\u6c42\u8ba1\u5212\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e93\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\u6863\u6848
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u8f66\u95f4\u5b89\u6392\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e93\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53d1\u7ed9\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u7684\u5b9a\u5355
\n\uff08\u673a\u5668\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff09
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5236\u9020\u52a0\u5de5\u5de5\u827a
\n\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff08Standards\u3000and\u3000Control\uff09
\n\u6839\u636e\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u3000MRP\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u7684
\nMBA\u3000\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e3a\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u63d0\u4f9b
\n\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u662f\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08Benchmarking\uff09\u3002\u4e5f
\n\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u534f\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1
\n\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba1\uff08Managerial\u3000accounting\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86
\n\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u8ddf\u8e2a\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5de5
\n\u5382\u5e38\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u82b1\u53bb\u4e86\u6bd4\u8ba1\u5212\u591a\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8d39\u7528\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\uff09\uff0c
\n\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\uff08\u539f\u6599\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a
\n\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff09\u9020\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5219\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8003\u67e5\u662f
\n\u5426\u8fbe\u6807\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u8bfe\u628a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u5411\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f
\n\u8d28\u91cf\uff1f\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u3001\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u52b3\u52a1\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u81ea\u8eab\u5236
\n\u5b9a\u7684\u6216\u8005\u5ba2\u6237\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8d28\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u52b3\u52a1\u5fc5\u987b
\n\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u4ef7\u683c\u6700\u6602\u8d35\u7684\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u52b3\u65af
\n\u83b1\u65af\uff08Rolls\u2026Royce\uff09\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8d28\u91cf\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u6307\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f88\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u50cf\u66f2\u522b\u9488\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u7eb8\u522b
\n\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e14\u4e0d\u751f\u9508\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6709\u30003\u3000\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u826f\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662fJoseph\u3000Juran\uff1b\u3000W\u3002
\nEdwards\u3000Deming\u3000\u548c\u3000Philip\u3000Crosby\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u8868\u6709\u5173\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8bba
\n\u8457\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u6f14\u8bb2\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5927\u53d1\u5176\u8d22\u3002
\n\u6731\u5170\u548c\u9002\u7528\u8bba\uff08Juran\u3000and\u3000Fitness\u3000for\u3000Use\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8c08\u53ca\u6709
\n\u5173\u8d28\u91cf\u65f6\uff0cJoseph\u3000Juran\u3000\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u9002\u7528\u201d\u4e00\u8bed\u3002\u201c\u5ba2\u6237\u5e94\u6307
\n\u671b\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u8981\u6216\u60f3\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201d\u5236\u9020\u5382\u5bb6
\n\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa
\n\u5408\u683c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u9002\u7528\u6027\u5177\u6709\u7684\u30005\u3000\u79cd\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u662f\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u548c\u5236\u9020\u6807\u51c6
\n\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u540e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ea7\u54c1\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002
\n\u6234\u660e\u548c\u7edf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff08Deming\u3000and\u3000Statistical\u3000Proecss
\nControl\uff09\u3002W\u3002Edwards\u3000Deming\u56e0\u5728\u300050\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u6559\u6388\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u8d28
\n\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u51fa\u540d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5374\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\u3002
\nDeming\u3000\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u5b9a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f
\n\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u51fa\u73b0\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c
\n\u5373\u201c\u666e\u901a\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7279\u6b8a \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u51fa\u73b0\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c
\n\u5373\u201c\u666e\u901a\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f
\n\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u3002\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u548c\u5355\u4e2a
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u5355\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8fd0\u8f93\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\nDeming\u5728Juran\u3000\u548cW\u3002A\u3002Shewhart\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u51fa
\n\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff08Statistical\u3000process\u3000control\uff1b\u3000SPC\uff09
\n\u7684\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u53d1\u751f\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u540c
\n\u4e00\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u52a0\u5de5\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff0c
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u540c\u90a3\u4e9b
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u201d\u6982\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898
\n\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u4e00\u751f\u4ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u6240\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u6765\u5bf9
\n\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\u88c5\u74f6\u5382\u5145\u586b\u996e\u6599\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c
\n\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5145\u586b\u5bb9\u79ef\u4e3a\u30002\u3000\u5347\u7684\u996e\u6599\u7f50\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u653e\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u91cf\u4ea7\u5e76\u662f\u5b8c
\n\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8bef\u5dee\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u30002\u3000\u5347\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u300010\u3000\u6beb\u5347\u5185\u6d6e\u52a8\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf
\n\u7406\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u901a\u5e38\u88c5\u5165\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u996e\u6599\u7a76\u7adf\u662f
\n\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bf9\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u949f\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f
\n\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5145\u586b\u996e\u6599\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u9891\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97
\n\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u949f\u578b\u5206\u5e03\u7ebf\u300268\uff05\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1
\n\u751f\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u540c\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u996e\u6599\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6982\u7387\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u201d\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u610f
\n\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u88c5\u74f6\u91cf\u949f\u5f62\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u6db2\u4f53\u91cf\u5206\u914d
\n\u5473\u7740\u51fa\u73b0\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e92\u3000\u4e2a\u6216\u30003
\n\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002
\n\u6211\u5728\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807
\n\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c68\uff05\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u62bd\u6837\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u6837
\n\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u671f\u671b\u76842\u5347\u6c34\u5e73\u5de6\u53f3\u768410\u6beb\u5347\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6d6e\u52a8\u3002
\n\u7528\u3000Deming\u3000\u7684\u3000SPC\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5145\u586b\u996e\u6599\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5de5\u4eba\u6bcf\u5c0f\u8fdb
\n\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u5fa1\u4e0b\u4e00\u88c5\u6ee1\u30002\u3000\u5347\u996e\u6599\u7f50\u6876\u3002\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c
\n\u7f50\u6876\u4e2d\u996e\u6599\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u30002\u3000\u5347\u300010\u3000\u6beb\u5347\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u9650
\n\uff08Upper\u3000control\u3000limit\uff1b\u3000UCL\uff09\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u30001\u3000\u5347\u3000990\u3000\u6beb\u5347\u7684\u5219\u88ab\u8ba4
\n\u4e3a\u662f\u4f4e\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u9650\uff08Lower\u3000control\u3000limit\uff1b\u3000LCL\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c
\n\u8d85\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u9650\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u88c5\u74f6\u7ebf
\n\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201c\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c
\n\u7acb\u523b\u5bf9\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ea0\u6b63\u540e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u5728\u300010\u3000\u6beb\u5347
\n\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c8\u6062\u590d\u5230\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u7167\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u5916\u4e3a\u4e3e\u4f8b\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u7279\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8f83\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b
\n\u9650\u754c\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6837\u672c\u9891\u7387\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7edf
\n\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u4e0b\u9650\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\n\u8fd0\u7528\u3000SPC\u3000\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u586b\u5145\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u4e50
\n\u6837\u54c1\u62bd\u68c0\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u3000SPC\u3000\u56fe\u4e0a\u753b\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u3000X\u3000\u6761\u5f62\u63a7\u5236\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4eba
\n\u5458\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ed3\u679c\u3002X\u3000\u6761\u5f62\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u8d28\u91cf\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u56fe\u5f62\u63a5\u8fd1\u67d0\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u53ef
\n\u4ee5\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u8d85\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u524d\u7740\u624b\u8c03\u67e5\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u3002
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\nCAD\/CAM\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u8bbe\u8ba1\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u5236\u9020
\nOn\u2026line\/Real\u3000Time\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7ebf\/\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u7684
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5b9a\u7968\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09
\nPOS\u2014\u2014\u9500\u552e\u70b9\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6536\u94f6\u673a
\nHardware\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\uff08IBM\uff1b\u3000Apple\uff1b\u3000paq\uff09
\nSoftware\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08Lotus\uff1b\u3000WordPerfect\uff1b\u3000Super
\nMario\u3000Bros\uff09
\nApplications\u2014\u2014\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd
\nMainfame\u2014\u2014\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
\nMicroputer\u2014\u53f0\u5f0f\u6216\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
\nCPU\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5927\u8111
\nLAN\u2014\u2014\u591a\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u7f51\u7edc
\nAI\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6307\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
\n\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8d2d\u4e70\u8ba1\u7b97
\n\u673a\u7684\u5185\u884c\u3002\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u53f0\u6280\u672f\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u673a\u5668\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fbe\u4e0d
\n\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u53bb\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u91c7\u8d2d
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u7740\u773c\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u7684\u957f\u8fdc\u8003\u8651\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u603b\u7ed3
\n\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u30005\u3000\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373
\n\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u65b0\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u30016M\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5c06\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u54a8\u8be2\u987e\u95ee\u6b63\u5728\u8bc4\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e3a\u3000IBM\u3000\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u540d\u4e3a\u3000Onoff\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u7684
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u91d1\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u6b21\u54c1\u95ee\u9898\u56f0\u62e2\u7740\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u4e5f
\n\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u95ee\u4e00\u4e9b\u5982\u4e0b
\n\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4f60\u7684\u8c03\u7814\uff1a
\n\u5de5\u5382\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\uff1fX\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u3000Y\u3001Z\u7406\u8bba\uff1f
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u89c4\u57f9\u8bad\uff1f
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\uff1f\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u5426\uff1f
\n\u6709\u65e0\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u8fd0\u8d27\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff1f
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u5408\u7406\uff1f\u8003\u8651\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u5206\u6790\u3002
\n\u5229\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u5426\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u6da6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ec4\u5408\uff1f
\n\u5229\u7528MRP\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u534f\u8c03\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f
\n\u5728\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba2\u8d27\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927
\n\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u5e93\u5b58\u5e76\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u91d1\u5360\u7528\uff1f
\n\u662f\u5426\u62e5\u6709\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6539\u8fdb\u8ba1\u5212\uff1fSPC\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u5faa\u73af\uff1f
\n\u662f\u5426\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65f6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u76d1\u63a7
\n\u548c\u76d1\u7763\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u672c
\n\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\uff08KEY\u3000OPERATIONS\u3000TAKEAWAYS\uff09
\nFrederick\u3000Taylor\u2026Father\u3000of\u201cscientific\u201dproduction
\nmanagement\uff08Theory\u3000X\uff09
\nElton\u3000Mayo\u2026Father\u3000of\u3000the\u3000\u3000\u201chuman\u3000relations\u3000movement\u201d
\nof\u3000production\u3000management\uff08Theory\u3000Y\uff09
\nOperational\u3000Problem\u3000Solving\u2026Capacity\uff1b\u3000Scheduling\uff1b
\nInventory\uff1b\u3000Standards\uff1b\u3000Control
\n6\u3000M’s\u3000of\u3000Capacity\u2026Manpower\uff1b\u3000Machinery\uff1b\u3000Materials\uff1b
\nMoney\uff1b\u3000Methods\uff1b\u3000Messages
\nFlow\u3000Diagramming\u2026Mapping\u3000out\u3000work\u3000flows\u3000to\u3000spot
\nefficiency\u3000opportunities
\nLinear\u3000Programming\u2026puter\u3000method\u3000of\u3000determining
\nthe\u3000optimal\u3000solutions\u3000in\u3000situations\u3000with\u3000constrained
\ncapacity
\nGantt\u3000Chart\u2026A\u3000simple\u3000project\u3000scheduling\u3000tool
\nCritical\u3000Path\u3000Method\uff08CPM\uff09\u2026Sophisticated\u3000scheduling
\nmethod\u3000for\u3000projectsQueuing\u3000Theory\u2026Mathematical\u3000tool\u3000to\u3000make\u3000waiting
\nlines\u3000more\u3000efficient
\nInventory\u3000Types\u3000by\u3000Sate\u3000of\u3000Production\u2026Raw\u3000materials\uff1b
\nwork\u3000in\u3000process\uff1b\u3000finished\u3000goods
\nInventory\u3000Types\u3000by\u3000Reason\u3000for\u3000Holding\u2026Pipeline\uff1b
\nCycle\uff1b\u3000Safety\uff1b\u3000Anticipatory\uff1b\u3000Speculative
\nEconomic\u3000Order\u3000Quantity\uff08EOQ\uff09\u2026Mathematical\u3000formula
\nto\u3000minimize\u3000inventory\u3000costs
\nMaterial\u3000Requirements\u3000Planning\uff08MRP\uff09\u2026Sophisticated
\noperational\u3000inventory\u3000and\u3000capacity\u3000management\u3000tool
\nQuality\u3000Gurus\u2026Joseph\u3000Juran\uff1b\u3000W\u3002\u3000Edwards\u3000Deming\uff1b\u3000and
\nPhilip\u3000Crosby
\nStatistical\u3000Process\u3000Control\uff08SPC\uff09\u2026Statistical
\nquality\u3000control\u3000technique\u7b2c8\u5929\u3000\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u4f9b\u7ed9
\n\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\n\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c
\n\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u7528
\n\u5f39\u6027
\n\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784
\n\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\n\u51ef\u6069\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7406\u8bba
\n\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u6838\u7b97
\n\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\n\u201c\u6b63\u5982\u660e\u667a\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u518d\u5360\u535c\u3001\u6c42\u7b7e\uff0c\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u629b\u5374\u4e86\u5bf9
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9884\u8a00\u5bb6\u4eec\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u9884\u8a00\u5bb6\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u6c89\u6e4e\u4e8e\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u663e\u5f97\u751f\u52a8
\n\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b9e\u7528\u3002\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u6458\u81ea\u300a\u6291\u90c1\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\u6c89\u95f7\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u300b
\nForbes\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1991\u5e741\u670821\u65e5
\n\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65f6\u627e\u4e86\u4e2a\u9003\u5b66\u7684\u597d\u501f\u53e3\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u8fd8\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u867d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u695a\u7684
\n\u753b\u9762\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u6df1\u523b\u4e86\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u5f62
\n\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u3000MBA\u3000\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfe? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u753b\u9762\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u6df1\u523b\u4e86\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u5f62
\n\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u3000MBA\u3000\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9
\n\u8db3\u4ee5\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u540c\u4ec1\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9bMBA\u662f\u591f\u806a\u660e\u7684\u3002
\n\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff08Chicago\uff09\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff08MIT\uff09\u5747\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u53e4
\n\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u5b83\u9662\u6821\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
\n\u54c8\u4f5b\uff08Havrard\uff09\u548c\u8fbe\u987f\uff08Darden\uff09\u5df2\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u7a0b
\n\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u503c\u5f97\u81ea\u5938\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4ec5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5
\n\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bba\u8457\uff0c\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe
\n\u8bf4\u660e\u9020\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u540c\u4eba\u505a\u65e0\u7528\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c
\n\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u4f17\u591a\u597d
\n\u5f3a\u7684\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u754c\u91cc\u8c0b\u804c\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u7740\u3002\u8fc7
\n\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3001\u56fe\u8868\u3002\u4f5c
\n\u4e3a\u3000MBA\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7cbe\u529b\u5e94\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u5f04\u901a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u539f\u7406\u7b49
\n\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u5176\u5b83\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002MBA\u3000\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6709
\n\u5173\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7559\u7ed9\u597d\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5510\u5409\u73c2\u5fb7\u4eec\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u7740\u91cd\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8be6\u8ff0
\n\u590d\u6742\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3001\u96be\u61c2\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c
\n\u4f60\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8df3\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u770b\uff0c\u6216\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fc7\u540e
\n\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4e5f\u5c31\u90fd\u5fd8\u5149\u4e86\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3
\n\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u201c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u201d\uff08Supply\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u9700\u6c42\u201d
\n\uff08Demand\uff09\u662f\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5747\u8861
\n\uff08Equilibrium\uff09\u662f\u6307\u7531\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4f9b\u7ed9\u603b\u91cf\u548c
\n\u9700\u6c42\u603b\u91cf\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u4f9b\u7ed9\u65b9\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e50\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e4b\uff0c
\n\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f9b\u9700\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa
\n\u7840\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u62ff\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u917f\u5564\u9152\u7684\u5c0f\u5e97\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u3000\u5047\u8bbe\u8be5\u5e97\u81ea\u917fSpud
\n\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u7ecf\u5e38\u559d\u7684\u724c\u5b50\u5374\u662f\u3000Heineken\u3000\u5564\u9152\u3002\u5c0f\u9152\u9986\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3
\n\u9500\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u51fa\u552e\u300025\u3000\u7f8e\u5206\u4e00\u624e\u7684\u3000Spud\u3000\u5564\u9152\u3002\u8001\u677f\u5171\u6709\u300010\u3000\u6876\u5e93\u5b58
\n\u5564\u9152\uff0c\u82e5\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u624e\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5356\u51fa\u53bb\u30001
\n\u52302\u6876\u3002\u5bf9\u4f60\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u3000\u4f60\u867d\u559c\u6b22\u559dHeineken\u724c\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u3000\u4f46\u770b\u5230Spud
\n\u5564\u915225\u7f8e\u5206\u4e00\u624e\u76f8\u5f53\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bd5\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u60f3\uff0c
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u2018\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5bf9\u3000Spud\u3000\u5564\u9152\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c
\n\u9152\u9986\u5e93\u5b58\u768410\u6876\u5564\u9152\u90fd\u88ab\u5356\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u66f2\u7ebf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5564\u9152\u552e\u4ef7\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u917f\u9152\u5382\u8d8a\u613f\u610f\u591a\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b32\u671b\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002
\n\u5564\u9152\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb
\n\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u5747\u8861\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u51fa\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u603b\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff08AS\uff09\u7b49\u4e8e\u603b\u9700\u6c42
\n\uff08AD\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u56fe\u867d\u4e0e\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6784\u6210\u5374\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u9700\u8981
\n\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u8fd8\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\uff1f
\n\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u662f\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8fd8
\n\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u4f9b\u3001\u9700\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684
\nHeineken\u548c\u3000Spud\u3000\u5564\u9152\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee
\n\u9898\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5219\u662f\u6709\u5173\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bb2\uff0c\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u5c0f\u201d\u548c\u7279\u5b9a
\n\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u5219\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201c\u5927\u201d\u7684\u753b
\n\u9762\u3002
\n\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\n\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u50cf\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u8ff7\u60d1\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u5177\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u5f71
\n\u54cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u628a\u7cbe\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u51e0
\n\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002
\n\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6c38\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005
\n\u4eec\u5e94\u628a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5206\u914d\u597d\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u591a\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u52b3\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u540c\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u6210\u672c\u6216\u653e\u5f03\u5176\u5b83\u673a
\n\u4f1a\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u672c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\uff08Opportunity
\ncosts\uff09\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1992\u5e74\u3000Harley\u2014Davidson\u3000\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u5382\u56e0\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u589e
\n\u52a0\uff0c\u5df2\u6ee1\u8d1f\u8377\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u3000Harley\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u5360\u636e\u7740\u9ad8\u4ef7\u4f4d\u3001\u5927\u9a6c\u529b
\n\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u300060\uff05\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8feb\u4e8e\u5b9a\u5355\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86
\n\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u597d\u6709\u9650\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u505a\u51fa
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u51e0\u79cd\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6d77\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u9500\u552e\u7684\u8f66\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c
\nHarley\u2014Davidson\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u7528
\n\u4e8e\u88c5\u914d\u5f53\u65f6\u9500\u5f80\u65e5\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6700\u8d5a\u94b1\u3001\u6700\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u8f66\u578b\u3002\u82e5\u3000Harley
\n\u516c\u53f8\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u773c\u524d\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8fc7\u4efd\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u6700\u5927
\n\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u51b7\u843d\u56fd\u5185\u5e02\u573a\u6700\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6709
\n\u56fd\u5185\u7528\u6237\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0cHarley\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u624d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u8d2d
\n\u4e70Harley\u8f66\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002
\n\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u6210\u672c
\n\u4e0e\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\uff08Marginal
\nrevenue\uff1b\u3000MR\uff09\u548c\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\uff08Marginal\u3000cost\uff1b\u3000MC\uff09\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u6700
\n\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u529b\u6c42\u5c06\u6210\u672c\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6da6
\n\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5382\u5bb6\u591a\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u552e\u51fa\u5e76\u6709\u5229\u6da6\u53ef\u8d5a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5382\u5bb6\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u751f\u4ea7\u4e4b\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u552e\u51fa\u540e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8fb9\u9645
\n\u6536\u76ca\u9ad8\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd8\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\uff08MR\uff09=\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c
\n\uff08MC\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u552e\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u5229
\n\u6da6\u5e94\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u5229\u6da6\u53ef\u8d5a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u552e\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u540e\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u9012\u51cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5411
\n\u5e02\u573a\u63a8\u51fa\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u80fd\u529b
\n\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u5e0c\u671b\u5c11\u82b1\u94b1\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e4b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u591a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d
\n\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u6210
\n\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u5747\u8861
\n\u672c\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u5de5\u5382\u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u5e0c\u671b\u751f\u4ea7\u66f4\u591a
\n\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u96c7\u4f63\u65b0\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u3001\u6dfb\u7f6e\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c
\n\u79df\u8d41\u6216\u65b0\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u4e00\u7406\u6ee1\u8d1f\u8377\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c
\n\u518d\u591a\u751f\u4ea7\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u9ad8
\n\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002
\n\u518d\u62ff\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u3000Bud\u3000Montana\u3000\u5148\u751f\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5708\u517b\u7684\u725b\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u591a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5934\u5c0f\u516c\u725b\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u4fee\u7406\u62a4\u680f\u3001\u653e
\n\u517b\u725b\u7fa4\u6beb\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Bud\u3000Montana\u3000\u5148\u751f\u662f\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700
\n\u591a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u5708\u517b\u5c0f\u516c\u725b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u51fa\u552e\u6bcf\u5934\u5c0f\u516c
\n\u725b\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u5708\u517b\u8fd9\u5934\u725b\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u62b5\uff08MR=MC\uff09\u7684\u6761\u4ef6
\n\u4e0b\u3002\u82e5\u518d\u591a\u5708\u517b\u4e00\u5934\u7684\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u51fa\u5e02\u573a\u552e\u4ef7\uff0c\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d
\n\u6269\u589e\u725b\u7fa4\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u9700\u6c42\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5411\u4e0b\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u800c
\n\u662f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u725b\u8089\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u62cd\u5356\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u548c\u8089\u7c7b\u52a0\u5de5\u5382\u4e00\u8d77\u5bf9\u51b3\u5b9a\u8089\u4ef7
\n\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Bud\u3000Montana\u3000\u5148\u751f\u591a\u5356\u51e0\u5934\u725b\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u8d77\u4e0d\u5230\u5f71\u54cd
\n\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u3000Bud\u3000Montana\u3000\u5148\u751f\u5784\u65ad\u7740\u725b\u8089\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4
\n\u6ee1\u8db3\u3000MR=MC\u3000\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b89\u6392\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca
\n\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411\u53f3\u4e0b\u65b9\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u5564\u9152\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9700\u6c42\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\n\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u3001\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u67d0\u4e00\u4e13\u95e8\u751f\u4ea7\u70b9
\n\u5fc3\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u662f\u5382\u957f\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u5b9a\u5355\uff0c\u5bf9
\n\u65b9\u62a5\u4ef7\u6bd4\u4f60\u5382\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u4f4e\uff0c\u3000\u8981\u6c42\u4ee51\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u6253\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70100
\n\u6253\u70b9\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u5802\u805a\u4f1a\u65f6\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u5de5\u5382\u8fd8\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e00\u8d77\u5546\u91cf\u63a5\u4e0d\u63a5\u6b64\u5b9a\u5355\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5448\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u6bcf
\n\u6253\u6210\u672c\u4e3a1\u300245\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u73b0\u7ec6\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u505a\u70b9\u5fc3\u6240\u7528\u9762\u7c89\u30000\u300280\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4eba\u5de5\u8d39\u30000\u300225\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u30000\u300220\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u7ef4\u4fee\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u30000\u300220\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u603b\u6210\u672c\u30001\u300245\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u5217\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9762\u7c89\u662f\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u673a
\n\u5668\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5c97\uff0c\u70e4\u7bb1\u4e5f\u662f\u73b0
\n\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ea6\u4e0d\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u3002
\n\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5174\u5174\u5730\u63a5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u7ed9\u4f60\u5e26\u6765\u8fb9\u9645
\n\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5355\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u8d70\u6f0f\u4e86\u98ce\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u8001
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4f60\u628a\u5356\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u30002\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u6253\u7684\u70b9\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u6253
\n\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u82e5\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6309\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u6253\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u5382\u5bb6\u65e0\u5229
\n\u6da6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u8d77\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u6307\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5f00\u5de5\u7684
\n\u8d39\u7528\uff09\u3002
\n\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u5728
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fb9\u9645\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u603b\u7684\u3001\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u6536\u76ca
\n\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8fc7\u603b\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u8981\u6c42\u3002
\n\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u7528
\n\u6548\u7528\uff08Utility\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u4ef7
\n\u503c\u3002\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u7528\uff08Marginal\u3000utility\uff1b\u3000MU\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u518d\u591a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u6216\u6548\u7528\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5df2\u80fd\u591f\u5145
\n\u5206\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u82e5\u591a\u6dfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684
\n\u5564\u9152\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u70e6\u607c\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53bb\u559d\u4e86\u4e9b\u5564\u9152\u3002\u559d\u4e86
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u676f\uff0c\u53c8\u559d\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927\u30025
\n\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u559d\u4e86\u300012\u3000\u676f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6253\u4e86\u4f1a\u513f\u53f0\u7403\uff0c\u8df3\u4e86\u8df3
\n\u821e\uff0c\u628a\u70e6\u607c\u4e5f\u5fd8\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\uff0c\u518d\u591a\u559d\u4e00\u676f\u5df2\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u8fd9
\n\u65f6\u7684\u7b2c13\u676f\u5564\u9152\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027
\n\u5728\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u7231\u559d\u3000Heineken\u3000\u724c\u5b50\u5564\u9152\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u5728\u5408\u9002
\n\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u3000Spud\u3000\u5564\u9152\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ef7\u683c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u9ad8\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u5373\u654f\u611f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab
\n\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f39\u6027\uff08Elasticity\uff09\u3002
\n\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\u662f\u6211\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b
\n\u4e00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9d\u6d01\uff08Procter&Gamble\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u4ef7\u683c
\n\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u54c1\u724c\u80a5\u7682\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1bFord\uff08\u798f\u7279\uff09\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4e5f\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71
\n\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\n\u82e5\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u654f\u611f\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a
\n\u5f39\u6027\uff08Elastic\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u7231\u5403\u5feb\u9910\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u3000Taco\u3000Bell
\n\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u30021988\u3000\u5e74\uff0cTaco\u3000Bell\u3000\u63a8\u51fa\u5ec9\u4ef7\u5feb\u9910\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53cd\u6620\u5f3a
\n\u70c8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8e0a\u8dc3\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u628a\u5feb\u9910\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5b9a\u7684\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u624d\u300059\u3000\u7f8e\u5143
\n\u4e00\u4efd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u591a\u4e70\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e5f\u65e0\u59a8\u3002\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u7eb7\u7eb7\u52a0\u5165\u7ade\u4e89\u884c\u5217\u3002\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\uff08McDonald\uff09\u4e5f\u5411
\n\u597d\u6311\u5254\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86
\n\u5927\u85af\u6761\u3001\u5927\u53ef\u4e50\u3001\u82f9\u679c\u997c\u548c\u5de8\u65e0\u9738\u7cfb\u5217\u5957\u9910\u3002\u5957\u9910\u5728\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u4e0a\u6bd4\u5355\u72ec\u8d2d\u4e70\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4fbf\u5b9c20\u81f350\u7f8e\u5206\u3002
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u82e5\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a
\n\u65e0\u5f39\u6027\uff08Inelastic\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u968f\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u800c\u53d8
\n\u5316\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u5f39\u6027\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u60a3
\n\u9611\u5c3e\u708e\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u75db\u82e6\u96be\u5fcd\uff0c\u5bf9\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e00\u53e3\u7b54\u5e94\uff1b
\n\u5438\u70df\u6210\u7684\u763e\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u70df\u8349\u63d0\u4ef7\u4e5f\u53ea\u597d\u8ba4\u4e86\u3002
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5f39\u6027\u3000\uff08Price
\nelasticity\uff09\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d77\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u82e5\u5b9a
\n\u91cf\u5730\u5206\u6790\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\uff08Elasticity\u3000coefficient\uff09\u53ef\u8868
\n\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a
\n\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\u3000\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u767e\u5206\u7387\uff08\u3000\uff09
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u767e\u5206\u7387\uff08\u3000\uff09\u3000=
\n\uff05
\n\uff05
\n\u6216
\n\u603b\u6536\u76ca\u5f39\u6027\u3000\u603b\u6536\u76ca\u53d8\u5316\u767e\u5206\u7387\uff08\u3000\uff09
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u767e\u5206\u7387\uff08\u3000\uff09\u3000=
\n\uff05
\n\uff05
\n\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u5f39\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u51e1\u7cfb\u6570\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u30001\u3000\u7684
\n\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f39\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u9910\u996e\u4e1a\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a\u30002\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a
\n\u4e3a0\u300231\u3002
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u5f39\u6027\u662f\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u592b\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7814\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u51c6
\n\u786e\u6027\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u6570\u636e
\n\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6392\u9664\u975e\u4ef7\u683c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u7531\u4e8e\u5929\u6c14\u6216\u7ade\u4e89\u5f15\u9700\u6c42\u53d8
\n\u5316\u3002\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301
\n\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5f39\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9
\n\u5bf9\u725b\u8089\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\uff09
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u3000\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\u3000\u78c5\uff09\u3000\u603b\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\uff08\u78c5\uff09\u3000\u603b\u6536\u5165\uff08\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3000\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u5f39\u6027\u3000\u603b\u6536\u76ca\u5f39\u6027
\n5\u30001\uff1b000\u30005\uff1b000
\n\uff0b25\uff05\u3000\uff0d50\uff05\u3000\uff0d38\uff05\u30002\u300200E\u30000\u300267I
\n4\u30002\uff1b000\u30008\uff1b000
\n\uff0b33\uff05\u3000\uff0d50\uff05\u3000\uff0d33\uff05\u30001\u300250E\u30001\u300200E
\n3\u30004\uff1b000\u300012\uff1b000
\n\uff0b50\uff05\u3000\uff0d56\uff05\u3000\uff0d33\uff05\u30001\u300210E\u3000067I
\n2\u30009\uff1b000\u300018\uff1b000
\n\uff0b100\uff05\u3000\uff0d56\uff05\u3000\uff0b13\uff05\u30000\u300243I\u30000\u300213I
\n1\u300016\uff1b000\u300016\uff1b000
\nE=\u6709\u5f39\u6027\uff08Elastic\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000I=\u65e0\u5f39\u6027\uff08Inelastic\uff09
\n\u53ef\u5728\u4e0b\u8868\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8868\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u725b\u8089\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u5fc3\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fa\u552e\u725b\u8089\u7684\u5382\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6570
\n\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u5bb6\u5ead\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e
\n\u4ef7\u4f4d\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ef7\u683c\u5728\u30002\u20145\u3000\u7f8e
\n\u5143\/\u78c5\u9ad8\u4ef7\u4f4d\u53d8\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d2d\u4e70\u725b\u8089\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u800c\u8d2d\u4e70\u5176\u5b83\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u9762\u6761\u3001\u70ed\u72d7\u5feb\u9910\u7b49\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\u5c31\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u5bcc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d
\n\u5728\u4e4e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u7f3a\u5c11\u5f39\u6027\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u65e0\u5f39\u6027\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u6570\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u5f39\u6027\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u603b\u6536\u76ca\u201d\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u7231
\n\u5403\u725b\u8089\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u613f\u610f\u8d2d \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u6570\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u5f39\u6027\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u603b\u6536\u76ca\u201d\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u7231
\n\u5403\u725b\u8089\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u4e00
\n\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u4e8e\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u635f\u5931\u3002
\n\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u4f9b\u7ed9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982
\n\u5ff5\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4ef7\u683c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd
\n\u9f13\u52b1\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\uff1b\u4ef7\u683c\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f1a\u963b\u788d
\n\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u548c
\n\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5747\u8861\u3002
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u9664\u9700\u6c42\u5f39\u6027\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3001
\n\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u8d8a\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\u8d8a\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u4f9b\u9700\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ee5\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u94bb\u77f3\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c
\n\u5357\u975e\u3000Debeers\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u94bb\u77f3\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u56e0\u800c\u5c45
\n\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u5e74\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u4e16\u754c\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e02\u573a\u5219
\n\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\uff0c\u9ec4\u91d1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5728\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u9010
\n\u65e5\u6d6e\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u3000Bud\u3000Montana\u3000\u5148\u751f\u6d89\u8db3\u7684\u725b\u8089\u5e02\u573a\u4e5f
\n\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
\n\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5e02\u573a
\n\u7ed3\u6784\u76844\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u7eaf\u5784\u65ad\uff08Pure\u3000monopoly\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5356\u4e3b\u63a7\u5236
\n\u7740\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u79f0\u6b64\u5356\u4e3b\u62e5\u6709\u7eaf\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5168\u56fd
\n\u84dd\u7403\u534f\u4f1a\uff08NBA\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u804c\u4e1a\u84dd\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e5f\u662f\u53e6\u4e00
\n\u7eaf\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u533b\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u72ec\u5bb6\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f
\n\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cBurroughs\u3000Welle\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u6cbb\u7597\u7231\u6ecb\u75c5\u7684
\n\u65b0\u836f\u3000AZT\u3000\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6743\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8be5\u836f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5382\u5bb6\u4ecd\u4ee5
\n\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5e72
\n\u9884\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5784\u65ad\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u3002
\n\u5be1\u5934\u5356\u4e3b\u5784\u65ad\uff08Oligopoly\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4ec5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5382\u5bb6\u80fd\u63d0
\n\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e14\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5e02\u573a
\n\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5be1\u5934\u5356\u4e3b\u5784\u65ad\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u5bb6\u7ade
\n\u4e89\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u751f\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31
\n\u4f1a\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u7206\u53d1\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ea7
\n\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u8dcc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b
\n\u5b50\u3002\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u987e\u5ba2\u5728\u6700\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0a\u524a\u4ef7\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53
\n\u5927\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u8d62\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e02\u573a\u5c31
\n\u53c8\u628a\u673a\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u62ac\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u7ade\u4e89\uff08Monopolistic\u3000petition\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u591f
\n\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e14\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u641e
\n\u590d\u5370\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5e97\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u867d\u7136\u590d\u5370\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8
\n\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u5374\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u62ff\u3000Kinko\u3000\u590d\u5370\u5e97\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3
\n\u590d\u5370\u4e00\u4efd\u65367\u5206\u94b1\uff0c\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ec9\u4ef7\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5219\u53ea\u65365\u5206\u94b1\u3002\u3000Kinko
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300024\u3000\u5c0f\u65f6\u663c\u591c\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5e97\u9762\u6574\u6d01\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c
\n\u800c\u4ef7\u5ec9\u590d\u5370\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5374\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u590d\u5370\u5e02\u573a
\n\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u590d\u5370\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u590d\u5370\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d77\u4e86
\n\u9650\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Kinko\u3000\u590d\u5370\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5c31\u4e0d\u6562\u5c06\u590d\u5370\u4ef7\u683c\u62ac\u7684\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d
\n\u5413\u8dd1\u987e\u5ba2\u3002
\n\u7eaf\u7ade\u4e89\uff08Pure\u3000petition\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7eaf\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u5728\u51fa\u552e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6216\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba
\n\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u9500\u552e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u5236\u9020\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab
\n\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u3001\u5c0f\u9ea6\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u7b49\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u4e0e\u4e70
\n\u5bb6\u5728\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7531\u4f9b\u9700\u53cc\u65b9\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5382
\n\u5bb6\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u516c\u5f00\u6295\u6807\u7ade\u4e89\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u201d\u3002
\n\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u601d\u8003\u7279\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e00\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u67d0\u4e00\u516c\u53f8
\n\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
\n\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5747\u8861\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u4e0a\u4e0e\u9700\u6c42\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4ef6
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u7b49\uff1b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5f39
\n\u6027\u8d2d\u4e70\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002
\n\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\nMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u529b\u91cf\u5f62\u6210\u548c
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u516c\u53f8\u7f6e\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8427\u6761
\n\u662f\u5426\u53c8\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\uff1f\u5229\u7387\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\uff1f\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5927\u5426\uff1f\u8fd9
\n\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u867d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u641e\u61c2\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u52a9
\n\u4e8e\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u505a\u660e\u667a\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u7167\u7269\u5f0f\u7684
\n\u6846\u67b6\u3002
\n\u6709\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e89\u8bba
\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\uff08Keynes\uff09\u5bf9\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Friedman\uff09
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5404\u6267\u5df2\u89c1\u3002
\n\u5982\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u51ef\u6069\u65af
\n\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08Keynesians\uff09\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08Monetarists\uff09\u3002
\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6539\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u72b6
\n\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u8d27\u5e01\u5b66\u6d3e\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u5229
\n\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u90fd\u6df1\u53d7\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u5904\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684
\n\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u3000\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u3000\u6885\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u3000\u51ef\u6069\u65af\uff08John\u3000Maynard\u3000Keynes\uff09
\n\u5728\u300019\u3000\u4e16\u7eaa\u300030\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0
\n\u4ee3\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u5229\u7387\u548c
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u901a\u8bba\u300b\uff08The\u3000General\u3000Theory\u3000of\u3000Employment\uff1b\u3000Interest\u3000and
\nMoney\uff1b\u30001936\uff09\u3002\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u201c\u6492\u624b\u201d\u4e0d\u7ba1
\n\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u4ecb\u5165\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
\n\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7c73
\n\u5c14\u987f\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Milton\u3000Friedman\uff09\u6210\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba
\n\u6700\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u804c\u80fd\u662f\u725f\u53d6\u5229
\n\u6da6\uff08\u89c1\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u548c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea
\n\u65f6\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u4fe1\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u6108\u521b\u4f24\u3002Friedman
\n\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e94\u201c\u653e\u624b\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7ed9\u8bb8
\n\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u662f\u5f0a\u5927\u4e8e\u5229\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5728\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u3001\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u8865\u8d34\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u4f4f\u623f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u6709\u5173\u653f\u5e9c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5360\u53bb\u4e86\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60
\n\u65f6\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u5e38\u4e0e\u4eba\u6570\u867d\u5c11
\n\u4f46\u597d\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u6240\u5217\u7684\u8868\u683c\u505a\u53c2
\n\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cfMBA\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u7ad9\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u4e89\u8bba\u3002
\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u6d3e\u4e3b\u5f20\u3000\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20
\n\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u4e1a\u3000\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u5931\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u770b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf
\n\u6d4e\u6700\u4f73
\n\u5931\u4e1a\u662f\u9700\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3000\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u654c\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u88ab\u591a\u644a\u4e86\u7a0e
\n\u6536
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u5f00\u652f\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u51cf\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f
\n\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8
\n\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u641e\u7684\u66f4\u7cdf
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3000\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u65f6\u4e3a\u65f6
\n\u5df2\u665a
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u6548\u589e\u957f\u3000\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u6325\u9ad8\u6548\u7387
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684
\n\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u661f\u671f\u5929\u65e9\u95f4\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee\u6709\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u8868\u9762
\n\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89c2\u70b9
\n\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u3002
\n\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u3001\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u89c2\u70b9
\n\u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7
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\n\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u5e74\u5e74\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e4b
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\n\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u3000GNP\u201d\uff08Real\u3000GNP\uff09\u3002\u82e5
\n\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u540d\u4e49\u3000GNP\u201d\uff08Norminal\u3000GNP\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u867d\u6709\u6240\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u7684\u603b\u4ea7\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u672a
\n\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u540d\u4e49GNP\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u3000GNP\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528GNP\u3000\u6362
\n\u7b97\u7cfb\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4ee51982\u5e74\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u5e74\uff0c1982\u3000\u5e74GNP\u3000\u7684\u6362\u7b97\u7cfb
\n\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u3000100\u3002\u82e5\u30001950\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u6362\u7b97\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a\u300024\uff0c\u5219\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u30001950\u3000\u5e74
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u30001982\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u300024\uff05\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u548c\u4e0d\u666f\u6c14\u65f6
\n\u671f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645GNP\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b\u5728\u7e41\u8363\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645GNP\u4e0a\u5347\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\u4f60\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u81ea\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u78c5\u5976\u7cd6\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u30001\u3000\u7f8e
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\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c06\u540d\u4e49GNP\u3000\u4e58\u4ee5\u6362\u7b97\u7cfb\u6570\u5f97\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3000GNP\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u589e\u957f\u7684\u60c5
\n\u51b5\u3002
\n\u9664\u3000GNP\u3000\u6362\u7b97\u7cfb\u6570\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd8\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u4ef7
\n\u683c\u6307\u6570\uff08Consumer\u3000price\u3000index\uff1b\u3000CPI\uff09\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u7279\u522b\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6240\u9009\u5b9a
\n\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u4e0d\u968f\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4ef7\u683c\u6307\u6570
\n\uff08Producer\u3000price\u3000index\uff1b\u3000PPI\uff09\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u666e\u904d\u9009\u7528\u7684
\n\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6570\u4ee51967\u3000\u5e74\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u30001967
\n\u7684\u3000PPI=100\u30021985\u3000\u5e74\u3000CPI\u3000\u6307\u6570\u662f\u3000322\uff0cPPI\u3000\u6307\u6570\u662f\u3000309\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31
\n\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c1985\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u30001967\u3000\u5e74\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e86\u30002
\n\u500d\u591a\u3002
\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0e\u3000CNP\u3000\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u51c0\u503c\uff08Net
\nnational\u3000product\uff1b\u3000NNP\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\uff08Gross\u3000national
\nproduct\uff1b\u3000GDP\uff09\u3002NNP\u3000\u8003\u8651\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u673a\u5668\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f7f
\n\u7528\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u672c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6298\u65e7\u3002NNP\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u3000GNP\u3000\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bb
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6298\u65e7\u8d39\u7528\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u3000GDP\u662fGNP\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c
\n\u5373\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u603b\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u5176\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u3000GNP\u3000\u5305\u62ec\u3000Honda\u3000\u516c
\n\u53f8\u8bbe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u3000GDP\u3000\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d
\n\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5229\u6da6\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5185\u3002
\nGNP\u3000\u7b49\u5f0f\uff08The\u3000GNP\u3000Equation\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u7531\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u30004\u3000\u79cd\u652f\u51fa\u6784\u6210\u3002\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u4eba
\n\u5747\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u6301\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5b9a\u589e\u957f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u4f4e\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\nMBA\u4eec\u5728\u63d0\u5230GNP\u7684\u6784\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u620f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aGNP\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u7403\u6746\u201d\u3002
\nGNP=C\uff0bI\uff0bG\uff0bX
\n\u5176\u4e2d\u3000\u3000C\u2014\u2014\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39
\nI\u2014\u2014\u79c1\u4eba\u6295\u8d44
\nG\u2014\u2014\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70
\nX\u2014\u2014\u51fa\u53e3\u51cf\u8fdb\u53e3\u51c0\u503c
\n\u5982\u4e0a\u5f0f\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u7684\u589e\u52a0
\n\u90fd\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u53e3\u5e26\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u8d64\u5b57\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684
\n\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
\n\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3000GNP\u3000\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5931\u53bb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf
\n\u6d4e\u5728\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u201cGNP\u3000\u7f3a\u53e3\u201d
\n\uff08GNP\u3000gap\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u5f00\u652f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c
\n\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f3a\u53e3\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c
\n\u4f8b\u5982\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u672a\u4e88\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u672a\u7533\u62a5\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u6536\u5165\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead
\n\u5987\u5973\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7b49\u5747\u672a\u88ab\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002CNP\u3000\u672a\u6392\u9664\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u9020\u6210
\n\u6c61\u67d3\u6240\u5e94\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u542b\u4e1a\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u4e58\u6570\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\uff08The\u3000Multiplier\u3000Effect\u3000and\u3000Fiscal
\nPolicy\uff09\u3002\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u5927\u652f\u51fa\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406
\n\u8bba\u6301\u79ef\u7ea7\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u652f\u51fa
\n\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6536\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u652f\u51fa\u548c\u6536\u5165\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u6574
\n\u4e2a\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e58\u6570\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u79f0\u4e3a\u653f
\n\u5e9c\u7684\u201c\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002
\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u5e26\u52a8\u7f13\u6162\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5411\u524d\u53d1
\n\u5c55\u30021992\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u5de5\u65b0\u4e0a\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879
\n\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e26\u52a8\u5f53\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u8870\u9000\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u51fa\u8d44\u5927\u91cf\u8d2d\u4e70
\n\u4fee\u8def\u6240\u9700\u7684\u788e\u77f3\u3001\u6c34\u6ce5\u3001\u94a2\u6750\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u7b49\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u6709
\n\u5173\u4fee\u8def\u4eba\u5458\u53c8\u4f1a\u5c06\u6536\u5165\u7528\u5728\u8863\u3001\u98df\u3001\u4f4f\u3001\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u500d\u589e\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u652f\u51fa\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u3000100\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6536\u5165\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u4e58\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5de5
\n\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fb9\u9645\u6d88\u8d39\u503e\u5411\uff08Marginal
\npropensity\u3000to\u3000consume\uff1b\u3000MPC\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u600e\u6837\u82b1\u8d39\u6389\u6323\u6765\u7684\u94b1\u3002\u82e5
\n\u5de5\u4eba\u4ece\u6240\u6323\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u82b1\u53bb\u300080\uff05\uff0c\u50a8\u84c4\u300020\uff05\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000MPC\u3000\u7b49\u4e8e
\n0\u30028\u3002MPC\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a
\n\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u3000100\u3000\u4e07 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u5de5\u4eba\u4ece\u6240\u6323\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u82b1\u53bb\u300080\uff05\uff0c\u50a8\u84c4\u300020\uff05\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3000MPC\u3000\u7b49\u4e8e
\n0\u30028\u3002MPC\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a
\n\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u3000100\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6536\u5165\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u3000500\u3000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143
\n\uff081\uff1b000\u3002000\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u00d75\uff09\u7684\u603b\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd
\n\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u9009\u533a\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u65b0\u5efa\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65cf\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u56fd\u9632\u9879\u76ee
\n\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u60f3\u5fc5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a05\u500d\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u7684IS\/LM\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08The\u3000IS\/LM\u3000Curve\u3000of\u3000the
\nGoods\u3000and\u3000Money\u3000Markets\uff09\u3002\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u8d77\u63a8\u52a8
\n\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff08I\uff09\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230
\n\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u51cf\u6162\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6bcf\u6708
\n\u9700\u507f\u8fd8\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u91d1\u989d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u65e0\u652f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0
\n\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u8d2d\u4e70\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u7b49\u6602\u8d35
\nIS\/LM\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u5747\u8861
\n\u603b\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4ea7\u51fa\uff08Y\uff09\u3000\u6536\u5165=\u4ea7\u51fa\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u5411\u53f3\u4e0b\u65b9\u503e\u659c\u7684\u6295
\n\u8d44\u548c\u652f\u51fa\uff08Investment\u3000and\u3000spending\u3000curve\uff1b\u3000IS\uff09\u66f2\u7ebf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86
\n\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5f3a\u8c03\u5229\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u503e\u5411\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\u30021980\u3000\u5e74\u300012\u3000\u6708\u300019\u3000\u65e5\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u5347\u9ad8\u5230\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709
\n\u768421\uff05\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8702\u62e5\u6295\u8d44\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u5e02\u573a\uff1b1992\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u964d\u81f3\u30003\u2014
\n5\uff05\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8f6c\u800c\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u5728\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u8fc7\u8d27\u5e01\u7684
\n\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08Liquidity\u3000and\u3000money\u3000curve\uff1b\u3000LM\uff09\u4ee5\u5411\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u503e
\n\u659c\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0cIS\u548c\u3000LM\u3000\u66f2\u7ebf\u6709\u4e00\u5747
\n\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5747\u8861\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230GNP\u67d0\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u603b\u503c\u3002
\nIS\/LM\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u5e26\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u7684IS\/LM\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u603b\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4ea7\u51fa\uff08Y\uff09\u3000\u3000\u6536\u5165=\u4ea7\u51faIS\/LM\u3000\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u8870\u9000\u65f6\u671f\u653f\u5e9c\u6269\u5927\u652f
\n\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u603b\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u591a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u3000IS\u3000\u66f2\u7ebf\u4f1a
\n\u4e0a\u79fb\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u548c\u9ad8\u3000GNP\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u6d88\u8d39\u91cf\u589e
\n\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002
\n\u5c31\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b58\u5728\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7387\u3002\u6211\u507f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u652f\u51fa\u4e0e\u5229\u7387\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981
\n\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002IS\/LM\u3000\u66f2\u7ebf\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5728\u67d0
\n\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c2\u70b9
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8d27\u5e01\uff1f\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u8bba\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u641e\u6e05\u695a
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u8d27\u5e01\u5230\u5e95\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0
\n\u4e48\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u662f\u80fd\u5145\u5f53\u4e70\u3001\u5356\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7269\u3002\u867d\u7136\u542c\u8d77\u6765
\n\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u8d27\u5e01\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u8861
\n\u91cf\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u94f6\u884c\u652f\u7968\u5e10
\n\u6237\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u8d44\u91d1\u3002
\n\u63d0\u5230\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u3000M1\u3000\u548c\u3000M2\u3000\u8868\u793a\u3002M1\u3000\u662f\u6307\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53ef
\n\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u652f\u7968\u5e10\u6237\u5b58\u6b3e\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u652f\u7968\uff1bM2
\n\u6307\u9664\u542bM1\u3000\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u52a0\u4e0a\u94f6\u884c\u5b58\u6b3e\u53ca\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u30021992\u3000\u5e74
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684M1\u3000\u548c\u3000M2\u3000\u5206\u522b\u4e3a9500\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u548c\u300035000\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5bc6
\n\u5207\u6ce8\u89c6\u7740\u3000M1\u3000\u548c\u3000M2\u3000\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8d27\u5e01\u7684
\n\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u6c34\u5e73\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u5f0f\uff08The\u3000Quantity\u3000Theory\u3000Equation\u3000of
\nMoney\uff09\u3002\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u901a\u8fc7\u3000LM\u3000\u66f2\u7ebf\u54df\u8c03\u5e76\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u8d27\u5e01\u5305
\n\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d27\u5e01\u662f\u3000GNP\u3000\u7684\u4e3b\u63a8\u52a8\u6746\uff0c\u5e76\u7528
\n\u6570\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u5f0f\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u540d
\n\u4e49GNP\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53d8\u5316\uff1a
\nM\u00d7V=P\u00d7Q
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u00d7\u901f\u5ea6=\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u00d7\u5b9e\u9645GNP
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9=\u540d\u4e49GNP
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u662f\u6307\u8d27\u5e01\u91cf\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u91cf\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d
\n\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\uff08Velocity\uff09\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u8d27\u5e01\u6613\u624b\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u3002
\n\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u73b0\u91d1\u85cf\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5e8a\u57ab\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7
\n\u503c\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u201c\u96f6\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6613\u624b\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba
\n\u7684\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u3002
\n\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6
\n\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u5355\u4ece\u6570\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u5219\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0
\n\u7d20\u3002\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c
\n\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6050\u614c\u6216\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u6b23\u559c\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u53d8
\n\u5316\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e0b\u6708\u7684\u6536\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86\uff0c
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8282\u7701\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u94dc\u677f\u3002
\n\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u4ece\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\u770b\uff0c\u949e\u7968\u591a\u5370\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5c31\u4f1a
\n\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u4e0a\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6b63\u8f68\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5b9e\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u540d\u4e49\u3000GNP\u3000\u7684\u603b\u91cf
\n\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u88ab\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u3000GNP\u3000\u4ecd\u7ef4\u6301\u539f
\n\u72b6\u6216\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u6216\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a
\n\u5982\u679c\u7269\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u9020\u6210\u8d27\u5e01\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u600e\u6837
\n\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u627e\u5230\u4e2a\u6709\u672c\u4e8b\u7684\u806a\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u5730\u505a\u5230\u628a\u8d27
\n\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u603b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u65e2\u53ef\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5c06\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u63a7
\n\u5236\u5728\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u90a3\u624d\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\u5462\u3002
\n\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
\n\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08London\u3000School\u3000of\u3000Economics\uff09\u7684\u83f2
\n\u5229\u666e\uff08A\u3002W\u3002Phillips\uff09\u5148\u751f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u666e
\n\u53d1\u73b0\u9ad8\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4f4e\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u53d8\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef
\n\u7528\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08Phillips\u3000Curve\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u5b66\u6d3e\u5e76\u4e0d
\n\u4e70\u8d26\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4f4e\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u540c\u6837\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd
\n\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u786e\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u6839\u636e\uff0c
\n\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u30001950\u3000\u5e74\u81f3\u30001985\u3000\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u663e\u5f97\u6781\u5177\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002\u4f46
\n\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u59821985\u5e74\u81f31992\u5e74\u95f4\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002
\n\u91d1\u878d\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\uff08Monetary\u3000Policy\u3000Tools\uff09\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8d27
\n\u5e01\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u3002\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4eb2\u81ea\u4efb\u547d
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u30007\u3000\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a
\n\u201c\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u201d\uff08Fed\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u624b\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u7ecf\u7279\u522b\u6388\u6743\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u63a7
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u76843\u79cd\u91d1\u878d\u201c\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u8c03\u6574\u8d34\u73b0\u7387
\n\u94f6\u884c\u4ece\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u6309\u6298\u6263\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u653e\uff08\u8d37\uff09
\n\u6b3e\u7ed9\u5ba2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6298\u6263\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\u4e0b\u8c03\uff0c\u501f\u3001\u653e\uff08\u8d37\uff09\u6b3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5229
\n\u606f\u5dee\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5411\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u7528
\n\u4e8e\u8d2d\u623f\u3001\u4e70\u8f66\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u6d88\u8d39\u7b49\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u7ed9\u4fe1\u8a89\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5ba2\u623f\u6240
\n\u6536\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u60e0\u5229\u7387\uff08Prime\u3000rate\uff09\u3002\u8d37\u6b3e\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7ecf
\n\u6d4e\u4e2d\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e58\u6570\u6548\u5e94\u5c31\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n2\u3002\u4e70\u5356\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u5238\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e70\u8fdb\u3001\u5356\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u5238\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u63aa
\n\u65bd\u79f0\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u5e02\u573a\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u4ece\u516c\u4f17\u624b\u4e2d\u4e70\u56de\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u5e02
\n\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u5f53\u516c\u4f17\u8d2d\u4e70\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u5238\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u91cf
\n\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u56de\u7b3c\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u4e5f\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u3002
\n3\u3002\u8c03\u6574\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u51c6\u5907\u91d1
\n\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u8981\u6c42\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u7b49\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u624b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u73b0\u91d1\u5b58
\n\u6b3e\u603b\u989d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u7387\u7559\u5b58\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u91d1\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51c6\u5907
\n\u91d1\u201d\uff08Reserve\uff09\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u91d1\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u63d0\u53d6\u50a8\u84c4\u65f6\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u6709
\n\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f53\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u9ad8\u51c6\u5907\u91d1\u6bd4\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u94f6
\n\u884c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6562\u591a\u653e\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u3002
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u30003\u3000\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u8c03\u8282\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8
\n\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8d44\u91d1\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u5229\u7387\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8054\u50a8\u5c40\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10
\n\u589e\u52a0\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u91cf\u3002\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\uff0c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u5229\u7387\u6c34
\n\u5e73\u5219\u4f4e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f1a\u589e\u957f\uff1b\u82e5\u5bf9\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7d27\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210
\n\u4e0e\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u8870\u9000\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u300020\u3000\u5e74\u8bb8\u591a\u5357\u7f8e
\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u90a3\u6837\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\n\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u8fb9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8f83\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u5219\u6613\u88ab\u5438\u5165\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u9635
\n\u8425\uff1b\u82e5\u4f60\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u503e\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\uff0c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u5219\u5bf9\u4f60\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u8bf1
\n\u60d1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\u8fc7\u53bb\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5747\u65e0\u51fa
\n\u4f17\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u3002
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u800c
\n\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5148\u6709\u9e21\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6709\u86cb\u201d\u7684\u96be\u9898\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5148
\n\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd
\n\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u3000GNP\uff1b\u8fd8\u662f\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e4b\u201c\u640f\u201d\u62e8\u52a8\u4e86\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66
\n\u6d3e\u7684\u201c\u8109\u201d\uff1f\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u8c01\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5e76\u8ff0\u4e4b\u6210
\n\u4e66\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ee4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u76ee\u77aa\u53e3\u5446\uff01
\n\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u51e0\u4f4d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6
\n\u9664\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u548c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30005\u3000\u4f4d\u7ecf\u6d4e
\n\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u5e38\u8c08\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d77\u8fc7\u5173
\n\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002
\n\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\uff08Adam\u3000Smith\uff09\u548c\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\uff08The\u3000Wealth\u3000of
\nNations\uff09\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec
\n\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\uff081776\uff09\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8
\n\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u624b\u201d\uff08Invisible\u3000hand\uff09\u4ece\u5404\u81ea\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c
\n\u6307\u5bfc\u7740\u67d0\u4e00\uff07\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u9884\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ee5\u522b\u9488\u5382\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u65af\u5bc6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982
\n\u679c\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u719f\u7ec3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387
\n\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5b9e\u9645\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c10\u3000\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u5404\u81ea\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u5e8f\u7684\u751f
\n\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u751f\u4ea7\u522b\u9488\u300048\uff1b000\u3000\u4e2a\uff1b\u800c\u540c\u6837\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7531\u4e00\u4eba
\n\u5305\u63fd\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u5e8f\u7684\u5c0f\u4f5c\u574a\u5219\u4ec5\u80fd\u751f\u4ea7\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002
\n\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u718a\u5f7c\u5f97\uff08Joseph\u3000Schumpeter\uff09\u548c\u201c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7834\u574f\u201d
\n\u8bba\uff08Creative\u3000Destruction\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u65e9\u5df2\u6545\u53bb\u4e14\u88ab\u4eba\u9057\u5fd8\u4e86\u5f88
\n\u4e45\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c80\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u53c8\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u642c\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u9884\u89c1
\n\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5531\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u662f\u6709\u5192\u9669\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6
\n\uff08Entrepreneur\uff09\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd1\u6765\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6709
\n\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6216\u5176\u6d3e\u751f\u8bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u96be\u4ee5\u9a7e\u9a6d\u3001
\n\u8d77\u7834\u574f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u800c\u975e\u5747\u8861\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b
\n\u4e49\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\u3000\uff08Capitalism\uff1b\u3000Socialism\u3000and
\nDemocracy\uff09\uff081942\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7834\u574f\u201d
\n\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u800c\u6765\u7684
\n\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u201d\u300280\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6536\u8d2d\u4e4b\u98ce\u76db\u884c\u4e00\u65f6\u3002\u6536
\n\u8d2d\u65b9\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u8212\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u8131\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u53ca\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u662f\u51c0\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n\u76d6\u8d1d\u5c14\u8328\uff08John\u3000Kenneth\u3000Galbraith\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u70b9\uff08Liberal
\nView\uff09\u3002\u76d6\u8d1d\u5c14\u8328\uff08Galbraith\uff09\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba
\n\u4e0a\u867d\u65e0\u5927\u7684\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ee5\u5584\u505a\u632f\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u548c\u63a8\u9500\u81ea\u5df1\u7684
\n\u4e13\u8457\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u754c\u5927\u6709\u5176\u540d\u30021951\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u76d6\u8d1d\u5c14\u8328\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f1a\u5199\u4e86\u672c\u5927
\n\u4f5c\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u300b\uff08\u201cAmerican
\nCapitalism\uff1aThe\u3000Concept\u3000of\u3000Countervailing\u3000Power\u201d\uff09\u5728
\n\u300a\u5bcc\u88d5\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff08\u201cThe\u3000Affluent\u3000Society\u201d\uff09\uff081958\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u547c\u5448\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8fc7\u4efd\u4f9d
\n\u8d56\u3002\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u65b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u300b\u3000\uff08\u201cThe\u3000New\u3000Industrial\u3000State\u201d\uff09
\n\uff081967\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea
\n\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u975e\u5e38\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u672c\u53c8\u4e00
\n\u672c\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u3002
\n\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u5965\u80af\u548c\u5965\u80af\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08Arthur\u3000Okun\u3000and\u3000Okun’\u3000s\u3000Law\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u5965\u80af\u548c\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u65af\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u5931\u4e1a
\n\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5965\u80af\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5219\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b
\n\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c
\n\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790
\n\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u3000GNP\u3000\u6bcf\u589e\u957f\u30002\u30022\uff05\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u30001\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u62c7\u6307\u5b9a
\n\u5f8b\u88ab\u300060\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u534e\u76db\u987f\u653f\u5e9c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u523a\u6fc0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u653f\u7b56
\n\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u62c9\u6cd5\uff08Arthur\u3000Laffer\uff09\u4e0e\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6d3e
\n\uff08Arthur\u3000Laffer\u3000and\u3000the\u3000Supply\u2026Side\u3000Economists\u3000of\u3000the
\n1980’\u3000s\uff09\u3002\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u62c9\u6cd5\u662f\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5b66
\n\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524a\u51cf\u7a0e\u6536\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c
\n\u7528\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u6027\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u524a\u51cf\u5f00\u652f\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u50a8\u84c4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c
\n\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u7559\u5b58\u7684\u6536\u5165\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c
\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d8a\u613f\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u50a8\u84c4\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u6548\u7387
\n\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u7740\u66f4\u591a
\n\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u5730\u589e\u957f\u3002
\n\u62c9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u3000\uff08University\u3000of\u3000Southern
\nCalifornia\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0e\u7387\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6548
\n\u5e94\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u62c9\u6cd5\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08Laffer\u3000Curve\uff09\u3002
\n\u8be5\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u91cc\u6839\u653f\u5e9c\u30001981\u3000\u5e74\u51b3\u5b9a\u524a\u51cf\u7a0e\u7387\u8d77\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u7684
\n\u7406\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u603b\u989d\u4e0e\u7a0e\u7387\u4e8c\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u62c9\u6cd5\u66f2\u7ebf\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u7a0e
\n\u6536\u603b\u989d\u968f\u7a0e\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0e\u7387
\n\u5219\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0e\u6536\u603b\u989d\u3002\u9ad8\u7a0e\u7387\u9020\u6210\u5927\u5bb6\u7528\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u9003\u7a0e\uff0c\u9ad8
\n\u7a0e\u7387\u963b\u788d\u4eba\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7a0e\u7387\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e4b\u5219\u80fd\u9f13
\n\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u591a\u52b3\u591a\u5f97\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f81\u6536\u6bcf\u4e00\u7f8e\u5143\u5e94\u7eb3\u7a0e\u6536\u5165
\n\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u7a0e\u6536\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7a0e\u6536\u603b\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u62c9\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba
\n\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u7a0e\u6536\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7a0e\u6536\u603b\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u62c9\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba
\n\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73\u7a0e\u7387\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u65e0\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u6700\u4f73\u7a0e\u7387\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002
\n\u62c9\u6cd5\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u91cc\u6839\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6d3e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u8fd8\u6709\uff1aGeorge
\nGilder\u3000\u3000\uff08\u300a\u5bcc\u4e0e\u8d2b\u300b\uff08Wealth\u3000and\u3000Poverty\uff09\uff09\uff081981\uff09\u548cJude
\nWanniski\uff08\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8fd0\u8f6c\u65b9\u5f0f\u300b\uff08The\u3000Way\u3000the\u3000World\u3000Works\uff09
\n\uff081978\uff09\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66
\n\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u5730\u8bb2\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u7ade\u4e89\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u5546\u5b66
\n\u9662\u91cc\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u56fd\u9645
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6210\u4e86\u3000MBA\u3000\u4e3b\u4fee\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e3a\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u56fd\u9645
\n\u5316\u4e9b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u51e0\u6240\u540d\u6821\u5728\u62db\u6536\u65b0\u751f\u65f6\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u6bcf\u73ed\u6df7\u62db\u4e00
\n\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u3002
\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf
\n1917\u3000\u5e74\uff0cDavid\u3000Ricardo\u3000\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u7a0e\u6536
\n\u539f\u5219\uff08Principles\u3000of\u3000Policy\uff1b\u3000Economy\u3000and\u3000Taxation\uff09\u4e00\u4e66
\n\u4e2d\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\uff08parative\u3000advantage\uff09\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u4e00
\n\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u8be5\u56fd\u80fd\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5176\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u6210\u672c\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u79cd
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u6216\u826f\u597d\u6c14\u5019\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c
\n\u5404\u56fd\u5e94\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u5404\u81ea\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6
\n\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u522b\u56fd\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd
\n\u4ecd\u5e94\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8461\u8404
\n\u7259\u7f8a\u6bdb\u548c\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u6210\u672c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u3000Ricardo\u3000\u63d0\u8bae\u8461\u8404\u7259\u51fa
\n\u53e3\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u7f8a\u6bdb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u5728
\n\u4e8e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u603b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u4ea7\u8461\u8404\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u7f8a\u6bdb\u9ad8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8461\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u597d\u90fd\u7528\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u800c
\n\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u7f8a\u6bdb\u3002
\n\u5728\u7f8e\u2014\u65e5\u8d38\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u98df\u54c1\u6210\u672c
\n\u4f4e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u53ef\u8015\u5730\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u6280
\n\u672f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u573a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u30003\u3000\u500d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00
\n\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5219\u64c5\u957f\u5236\u9020\u7535\u5668\u548c\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e16\u754c
\n\u4e0a\u4ec5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7535\u5668\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u800c\u5c06\u91cd\u5fc3
\n\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u98df\u54c1\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5c06\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u98df\u54c1
\n\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u5173\u6389\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u5404\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4fc3
\n\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u8d38\u6613\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u3002
\n\u8d38\u6613\u58c1\u5792\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u914d\u989d\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u8d38\u6613\u89c4\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5
\n\u56fe\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5185\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002MBA\u3000\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5386\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173
\n\u7a0e\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u58c1\u5792\u662f\u201c\u52a3\u201d\u62db\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u957f\u671f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u66f4
\n\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u3002
\n\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u6b63\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6
\n\u6309\u7167\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\uff08Balance\u3000of\u3000payments\uff1bBOP\uff09\u4f1a\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u672c
\n\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u3000BOP\u3000\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u672c\u56fd\u548c\u5b83\u56fd\u7684\u503a\u6743\u3001
\n\u503a\u52a1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u4f1a\u8ba1\u663e
\n\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5916\u6c47\uff08Foreign\u3000exchange\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5916\u6c47\u662f
\n\u6307\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u95f4\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u3001\u9ec4\u91d1\u50a8\u5907\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5916\u6c47\u6765\u6e90\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5916\u6c47\u7528\u9014
\n\u5546\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5546\u54c1\u8fdb\u53e3
\n\u5916\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5883\u5185\u82b1\u8d39\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u5883\u5916\u82b1\u8d39
\n\u56fd\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u90e8\u95e8\u6536\u53d6\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd
\n\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7684\u8d39\u7528
\n\u7279\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u6536\u5165\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u652f\u4ed8\u5883\u5916\u7279\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u8d39\u7528
\n\u56fd\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u6536\u5165\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u652f\u4ed8\u5883\u5916\u5229\u606f\u3001\u80a1\u606f
\n\u63a5\u53d7\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u6b3e\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u5916\u56fd\u6b3e
\n\u79c1\u4eba\u6c47\u5165\u672c\u56fd\u8d44\u91d1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u79c1\u4eba\u6c47\u51fa\u5883\u5916\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u5916\u503a\u589e\u52a0\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5883\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u589e\u52a0
\n\u4e0a\u9762\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u662f\u5b58\u5165\u5916\u6c47\u660e\u7ec6\u5e10\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38
\n\u89c1\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e70\u5356\u548c\u8d70\u79c1\u751f\u610f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u5728\u5185\u7684\u3002
\n\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u754c\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u62a5\u9053\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u9762
\n\u753b\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u7126\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5546\u54c1\u8d38\u6613\u9006\u5dee\uff08Merchandise\u3000trade
\ndeficit\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u8bf8\u5982\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u9006
\n\u5dee\u9ad8\u8fbe\u3000670\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u754c\u4e5f\u628a\u5b83\u7092\u5f97\u5982\u540c\u672b\u65e5\u6765\u4e34
\n\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb0\u8005\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u3000500
\n\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u987a\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u7684\u662f\u54a8\u8be2\u4e1a\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u9ad8\u8fbe\u3000100\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e
\n\u5143\u7684\u51c0\u6295\u8d44\u987a\u5dee\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u9ad8\u8fbe\u30006\u3000\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u6a21\u4e2d\uff0c\u51c0\u8d38\u6613\u8d64\u5b57\u5176\u5b9e\u4ec5\u670970\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5916\u6c47\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u30021992\u3000\u5e74\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9
\n\u8d27\u5e01\u5d29\u6e83\u5c31\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u5916\u6c47\u50a8\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u5c45\u6c11\u7684
\n\u5927\u91cf\u5151\u6362\u3002\u5f53\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u53bb\u94f6\u884c\u5151\u6362\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u548c\u65e5\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e
\n\u94f6\u884c\u7528\u5149\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5916\u6c47\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ea\u597d\u629b\u5f03\u624b\u4e2d\u5df2\u65e0\u5151\u6362
\n\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e00\u94b1\u4e0d\u503c\u548c\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u9551\u3002
\n\u6c47\u7387\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ef7\u683c\u5e73\u4ef7
\n\u6c47\u7387\uff08Exchange\u3000rate\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6362\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01
\n\u65f6\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u30021992\u5e745\u6708\uff0c1\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u4e70130\u65e5\u5143\uff0c1\u30026\u3000\u9a6c
\n\u514b\u6216\u30000\u300255\u3000\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u5728\u300080\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u81f3\u4e2d\u671f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u7f8e\u5143\u66f4\u503c\u94b1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u65c5\u6e38\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u94b1\u66f4\u503c\u4e86\u300290\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c
\n\u7f8e\u5143\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u65c5\u6e38\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u8d35\u4e86\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u4e00\u56fd
\n\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u8f83\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4f9b\u6c42\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56fd
\n\u9645\u4e0a\u505a\u5916\u6c47\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5458\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u4e16\u754c\u8d27\u5e01\u5347\u6d6e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u7262\u8bb0\u7740
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b4\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u4e70\u5356\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52b3\u52a1\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u9700\u6c42
\n\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u8d2d\u4e70\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u5356\u51fa\u624b\u4e2d\u7684
\n\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u6cd5\u56fd\u6cd5\u90ce\uff0c\u4ee5\u7528\u6cd5\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u652f\u4ed8\u8d27\u6b3e\u3002
\n\u00b7\u6709\u6295\u8d44\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u9700\u6c42
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u7387\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u503a\u5238\u3002
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u7f8e\u56fd\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u00b7\u662f\u5c40\u52a8\u8361\u65f6\u5bf9\u907f\u98ce\u6e2f\u7684\u9700\u6c42
\n\u6218\u4e89\u6216\u52a8\u4e71\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5bfb\u627e\u8d2d\u4e70\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1991\u3000\u5e74\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6709\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5b50
\n\u91cc\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u00b7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f4e\u901a\u80c0
\n1987\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u7387\u662f3\u30026\uff05\uff0c\u800c\u9ece\u5df4\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u7387\u662f723\uff05\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u5185\u6218\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9ece\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u8fc5\u901f\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u9ece
\n\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\u6301\u6709\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\uff08Purchasing\u2026power\u3000parity\uff1b\u3000PPP\uff09\u6307\u662f\u7ecf\u8c03
\n\u6574\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4e4b\u540e\u5404\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679cA\u3000\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u9ad8\u4e8e\u3000B
\n\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u4e0b\u8c03A\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4ee5\u8865\u507f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5728\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae91986
\n\u20141987\u3000\u5e74\u5185\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c47\u7387\u4ece\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u5151\u6362\u300038\u3000\u9ece\u9551\u53d8\u6210\u5151\u6362\u3000496
\n\u9ece\u9551\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u80c0\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u9ece\u8d27\u5e01\u8d2c\u503c\u4e86\u300086\uff05\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u901a
\n\u80c0\uff0c\u9020\u62101992\u5e741\u7f8e\u5143\u53ef\u5151\u63621\uff1b650\u9ece\u9551\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4ece\u4e8b\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c47\u7387\u53d8\u52a8\u5bf9\u5b83
\n\u4eec\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u82e5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u540e\u5230\u7ed3\u6c47\u65f6\u6c47\u7387\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7531
\n\u4e8e\u8d27\u5e01\u6c47\u7387\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u635f\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u6b32\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u51fa\u552e\u4ef7\u503c\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u725b\u8089\u3002\u6309\u7167\u30001992
\n\u5e74\u6c47\u7387\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u6536\u5bf9\u65b9\u3000130\u3000\u65e5\u5143\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u6709\u30005\uff05\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4ed6\u6536\u5230
\n\u94b1\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c47\u7387\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5374\u9700\u8981\u7528\u3000150\u3000\u65e5\u5143\u4e70\u56de\u540c\u6837\u7684\u30001\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\n\u867d\u7136\u65e5\u65b9\u4ecd\u4ed8\u7ed9\u3000130\u3000\u65e5\u5143\uff0c\u6c47\u7387\u53d8\u52a8\u5374\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u5143\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u635f
\n\u5931\u300015\uff05\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5219\u7528\u671f\u8d27\u548c\u671f\u6743\u5e02\u573a\u6765\u51b2\u62b5\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u4fdd\u503c\u624b
\n\u6bb5\uff0c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c47\u7387\u635f\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\n\u56fd\u60c5\u5206\u6790
\n\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5e38\u5411\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u8bb2\u6388\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u5927\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u5927
\n\u578b\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u683d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5de8\u5934\u4eec
\n\u5982\u4f55\u4f30\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u4f1a\u3002
\n\u56fd\u60c5\u5206\u6790\uff08Country\u3000analysis\uff09\u662f\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u6700\u5148\u5f62\u6210
\n\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5171\u5206\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001
\n\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u505a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5206
\n\u6790\u3002
\n1\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e1a\u7ee9
\n\u5916\u90e8\u8861\u91cf\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u3001\u6c47\u7387
\n\u5185\u90e8\u8861\u91cf\uff1a
\n\u603b\u4f53\uff1aGNP\u3001\u901a\u80c0\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a
\n\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff1a\u5229\u7387\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u80fd\u529b
\n\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u6536\u5165\u5206\u5e03
\n\u793e\u4f1a\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u3001\u6559\u80b2
\n2\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6218\u7565
\n\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u3001\u516c\u5e73
\n\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u793e\u4f1a
\n3\u3002\u5206\u6790\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20
\n\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883
\n\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u7c7b\u522b\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u8150\u8d25\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba
\n\u673a\u6784\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u519c\u4e1a
\n\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49
\n\u56fd\u9645\uff1a\u8d38\u6613\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u6027
\n4\u3002\u53c2\u80031\uff0c2\uff0c3\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b
\n\u53c2\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8d1f\u503a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a
\n\u95ee\u9898\u7f20\u8eab\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5c31\u62ff\u7f8e\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\u5427\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\u95f4\u56de\u5230\u30001992\u3000\u5e74\uff0c
\n\u4f60\u662f\u82cf\u9ece\u58eb\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u3002\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u6258\u7ba1\u7684\u8d44
\n\u91d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6295\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u505a
\n\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002
\n1\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9
\n\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\uff1a1990\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u9006\u5dee\u5df2\u4ece1987\u5e74\u76841500
\n\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u9686\u81f3\u3000600\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7f8e\u5143\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u8d27\u5e01\u5448\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u6301\u7eed
\n\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u30005\u3000\u5e74\u4e2d\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u88ab\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u30002\uff05\u20145\uff05
\n\u7684\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e5f\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c
\n\u6bcf\u5e74\u57285\uff05\u20146\uff05\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002
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\n\u589e\u957f\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u4e3a\u30001\uff05\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u6a21\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u76844\u500d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u76847\u500d\u3002
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\n\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u9762\uff1a1990\u3000\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\u5df2\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u7a33\u5b9a
\n\u589e\u957f\u52bf\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u4ee5\u5f80\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6d89
\n\u8db3\u52b3\u5de5\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\u3002
\n\u793e\u4f1a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u65e0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\u6216\u8fc1\u51fa\u3002\u540c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd
\n\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u7387\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6240
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\n\u7684\u6587\u76f2\u3002
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\n\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u81f4\u547d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ab\u8000\u3001\u503c\u5f97\u9a84\u50b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c
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\n2\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6218\u7565
\n\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u30001981\u3000\u5e74
\n\u548c\u30001982\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u754c\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c
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\n\u884c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c06\u5f97\u76ca\u3002
\n\u653f\u7b56\uff1a1990\u3000\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u672a\u91c7\u53d6\u9650\u5236\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9884\u7b97\u8d64
\n\u5b57\u4ecd\u7136\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u30002200\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5165\u4e0d\u6577\u51fa
\n\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u503a\u53c8\u5e73\u589e\u4e8620\u3000\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u30021990\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u653f
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\n\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b
\n\u7ed9\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f4e\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5
\n\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u56fd\u81ea\u8be9\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u672a\u91c7\u53d6\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839
\n\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2a\u6848\u5904\u7406\u3002
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\n\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c1990\u3000\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3a\u671f\u4e24\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000
\n\u671f\uff0c\u8870\u9000\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6062\u590d\u671f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f83\u957f\u800c\u4e14\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002
\n\u4e0a\u9762MBA\u6240\u505a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u5c31\u79f0
\n\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u65b9\u6848\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff08Scenario\u3000Aanlysis\uff09\u3002\u7528\u540c\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u6536\u96c6
\n\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u524d\u666f\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\n\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u662f\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u6d4b\u65f6\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u3002
\n\u56fd\u60c5\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6
\n\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u591a\u7528\u9014\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
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\n\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u591a\u7528\u9014\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b
\n\u4f1a\u7528\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76
\n\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u603b\u7ed3
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\n\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5747\u8861\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u6d88\u8d39
\n\u8005\u5c3d\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u5229\u6da6\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927
\n\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a
\n\u4e3a\u5f39\u6027\u3002
\n\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1a\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5f00\u652f\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u575a
\n\u4fe1\u5bf9\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u597d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\u5747\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u6b63
\n\u5f53\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002
\n\u53cc\u65b9\u610f\u89c1\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u662f\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5747\u8861\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u4f9b\u9700\u76f8\u7b49\u3002
\n\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u4ee5\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ddf\u8e2a
\n\u7740\u5404\u81ea\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u82e5\u6cbb\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u65b9\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0
\n\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f4e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u800c\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5916\u6c47\u50a8\u5907\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u9ad8\u6c34
\n\u5e73\uff0c\u672c\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u4ef7\u683c\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf
\n\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u4e00\u6837\u9677\u5165\u6ce5\u6f6d\u3002
\n\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4f60\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u56fd
\n\u5bb6\u4eca\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e86\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\u3000\uff08KEY\u3000ECONOMICS\u3000TAKEAWAYS\uff09
\nMicroeconomics\u2026The\u3000study\u3000of\u3000individual\uff1bfami\u2026
\nly\uff1bpany\uff1b\u3000and\u3000industry\u3000economic\u3000behavior
\nMacroeconomics\u2026\u3000The\u3000study\u3000of\u3000the\u3000behavior\u3000of\u3000entire
\neconomies
\nEquilibrium\u3000\u2014\u3000\u3000The\u3000point\u3000at\u3000which\u3000the\u3000quantity
\nsupplied\u3000equals\u3000the\u3000quantity\u3000demanded\u3000and\u3000a\u3000mutually
\nagreeable\u3000price\u3000is\u3000determined
\nMarginal\u3000Revenue\u3000and\u3000Cost\u2014The\u3000added\u3000revenue\u3000and\u3000cost
\nof\u3000producing\u3000and\u3000selling\u3000one\u3000additional\u3000unit
\nElasticity\u2014The\u3000change\u3000in\u3000buyers’\u3000demand\u3000as\u3000a\u3000result
\nof\u3000price\u3000changes
\nMarket\u3000Structures\u2014The\u3000petitive\u3000environment\u3000in\u3000an
\nindustry\u3000determined\u3000by\u3000the\u3000number\u3000of\u3000sellers\u3000and\u3000the
\nproduct’s\u3000characteristics
\nKeynesian\u3000Theory\u2014Spending\u3000and\u3000consumption\u3000are\u3000the
\nmain\u3000drivers\u3000of\u3000an\u3000economy\u3002
\nMonetarist\u3000Theory\u2014The\u3000size\u3000and\u3000growth\u3000of\u3000the\u3000money
\nsupply\u3000determines\u3000the\u3000growth\u3000of\u3000the\u3000economy\u3002\u3000Money\u3000makes
\nthe\u3000world\u3000go\u3000around\u3002
\nGross\u3000National\u3000Product\u2014The\u3000total\u3000amount\u3000of\u3000final
\ngoods\u3000and\u3000services\u3000produced\u3000by\u3000an\u3000economy\u3000over\u3000a\u3000period
\nof\u3000time
\nThe\u3000Spending\u3000Multiplier\u2014The\u3000economic\u3000ripple\u3000effect
\nof\u3000money\u3000being\u3000circulated\u3000in\u3000an\u3000economy\uff1a\u3000Spending\u3000for\u3000oneperson\u3000is\u3000ine\u3000for\u3000another\u3002
\nFiscal\u3000Policy\u2014A\u3000government’s\u3000spending\u3000policy
\nMonetary\u3000Policy\u3000\u2014\u3000A\u3000government’s\u3000policy\u3000of
\ncontrolling\u3000the\u3000supply\u3000of\u3000money\u3000and\u3000interest\u3000rates
\nAdam\u3000Smith\u3000\u2014\u3000The\u3000economist\u3000who\u3000wrote\u3000about\u3000the
\n\u201cinvisible\u3000hand\u201dof\u3000capitalism\u3000in\u3000The\u3000Wealth\u3000of\u3000Nations
\nin\u30001776
\nArtbur\u3000Laffer\u20141980s\u3000economist\u3000who\u3000developed\u3000the
\nLaffer\u3000Curve\uff1b\u3000which\u3000illustrated\u3000that\u3000lower\u3000tax\u3000rates
\nwould\u3000result\u3000in\u3000higher\u3000tax\u3000revenues
\nBalance\u3000of\u3000Payments\u2014The\u3000accounting\u3000for\u3000the\u3000inflows
\nand\u3000outflows\u3000of\u3000foreign\u3000exchange\u3000of\u3000a\u3000country
\nCountry\u3000Analysis\u2014A\u3000systematic\u3000framework\u3000to\u3000organize
\neconomic\u3000data\u3000and\u3000make\u3000predictions\u3000about\u3000the\u3000future
\nprospects\u3000of\u3000a\u3000nation\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5929\u3000\u6218\u7565
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n7S\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe
\n\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u53ca\u6269\u5c55\u6218\u7565
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u5206\u6790
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565
\n\u5146\u793a
\n\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u7565
\n\u5168\u7403\u5316
\n\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94
\n\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49
\n\u5728\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u795e\u5f80\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0
\n\u4f9b\u673a\u4f1a\u5c06\u4f60\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u80fd\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6559\u6388\u575a\u4fe1\u6218\u7565\u8bfe
\n\u5e94\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\u540e\u518d\u8bb2\u6388\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u3000MBA\u3000\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6218\u7565\u8bfe\u5c06\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u957f
\n\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u3002\u6559\u6211\u6218\u7565\u8bfe\u7684\u6559\u6388\u66fe
\n\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6218\u7565\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9886\u7565\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4f60\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6218\u7565\u601d\u7ef4
\n\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u53ca\u5bf9\u624b\u548c\u957f\u3001\u77ed\u671f\u7ecf\u8425\u73af
\n\u5883\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4
\n\u5212\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5e38\u5e38\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u6216\u600e\u6837\u5e72\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6bcf\u5f53\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba4\u5185\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5218\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u7f57
\n\u5c14\uff08Lewis\u3000Carroll\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a\u7231\u4e3d\u65af\u6e29\u6e38\u4ed9\u5883\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5e55\uff1a
\n\u7231\u4e3d\u65af\uff1a\u8bf7\u4f60\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u513f\u6211\u8be5\u5f80\u54ea\u91cc\u8d70\uff1f
\n\u67f4\u90e1\u732b\uff1a\u8fd9\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\n\u7231\u4e3d\u65af\uff1a\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u2026\u2026
\n\u67f4\u90e1\u732b\uff1a\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u5f80\u54ea\u513f\u8d70\u90fd\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u4e86\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730
\n\u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u727a\u7272\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u3002
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff1a
\n7S\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\uff08The\u3000Seven\u3000S\u3000Modal\uff09
\n\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4fc3\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a
\n\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5236\u8ba2\u3000\uff08\u3000Formation\u3000\uff09\u548c\u6267\u884c
\n\uff08Implementation\uff09\u3002\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u65f6\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6267
\n\u884c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u4e01\u00b7\u5f7c\u5f97\u65af\uff08Thomas\u3000J\u3002Peters\uff09\u5728\u300a\u8ffd
\n\u6c42\u5353\u8d8a\u300b\uff08In\u3000Search\u3000of\u3000Excellence\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u30007S\u3000\u8981
\n\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u5fc5\u987b\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u878d\u5165\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645
\n\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5f7c\u5f97\u65af\u4e0e\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7H\u00b7\u6c83\u7279\u66fc\uff08Robert\u3000H\u3002
\nWaterman\uff09\u548c\u6731\u5229\u6069\u3000R\u00b7\u83f2\u5229\u666e\uff08Julien\u3000R\u3002\u3000Philips\uff09\u5171\u540c
\n\u521b\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5f7c\u5f97\u65af\u53e3\u624d\u51fa\u4f17\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u7684
\n\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u30027S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u901a\u8003\u8651\u516c\u53f8\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ee5
\n\u4fbf\u8bca\u65ad\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6218\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6218\u7565
\n\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u8c03\u6574\u73b0\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5373\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cd\u6784\uff08Reengineering\uff09\u3002
\n\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u201d\uff08Organizational\u3000tinkering\uff09\u3002
\n7S\u8981\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Structure\uff09
\n\u00b7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08System\uff09
\n\u00b7\u624d\u80fd\uff08Skills\uff09
\n\u00b7\u98ce\u683c\uff08Style\uff09
\n\u00b7\u5458\u5de5\uff08Staff\uff09
\n\u00b7\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\/\u5171\u540c\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Superordinate\u3000Goals\/Shared
\nValue\uff09
\n\u00b7\u6218\u7565\uff08Strategy\uff09
\n7S\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u56fe
\nReprinted\u3000from\u3000Business\u3000Horizons\uff1b\u3000June\u30001980\u30021980\u3000by\u3000the
\nFoundation\u3000for\u3000the\u3000School\u3000of\u3000Business\u3000at\u3000Indiana\u3000University\u3002\u3000Used
\nwith\u3000permission\u3002
\n7S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u9769\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0
\n\u7d20\u7684\u201c\u591a\u9762\u6027\u201d\u3000\uff08Multiplicity\uff09\u548c\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u6027\u201d
\n\uff08Interconnectedness\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u201c\u6ca1
\n\u6709\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u6216\u9690\u542b\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0
\n\u7d20\u4f7f\u7ecf\u8425\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5353\u8d8a\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u3000S\u3000\u8981\u7d20
\n\u90fd\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u3000S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u4e92\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u516c\u53f8\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9
\n\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u4fc3\u9500\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4
\n\uff08\u3000Internally\u3000consistent\u3000\uff09\u548c\u4e92\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u3000\uff08\u3000mutually
\nsupportive\uff09\u30027S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406
\n\u6e05\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u754c\u5b9a\u5e76\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u56de\u5473\u4e00\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u578b\uff08Basic\u3000organizational\u3000model\uff09\uff1b\u5bf9\u30007S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u4f60\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97
\n\u4f3c\u66fe\u76f8\u8bc6\u3002\u6218\u7565\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ece\u3000MBA\u3000\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u601d\u60f3
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\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u53f8\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002
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\n\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d77\u8349\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u6cd5\u542b\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u201c\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73
\n\u6500\u6bd4\u201d\u5473\u9053\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5176\u5e74\u62a5\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f6c\u800c\u7f16\u5236\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u514b
\n\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u548c\u91d1\u5b9d\uff08\u5236\u6c64\uff09\u516c\u53f8\uff08Campbell’s\u3000soup\uff09\u5e74\u62a5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f
\n\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u53ef\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u51fa\u7c7b\u62d4\u8403\uff1a
\n\u201c\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u987e\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u53ef\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u51fa\u7c7b\u62d4\u8403\uff1a
\n\u201c\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u987e\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u662f
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u3002\u201d\uff081988\u5e74\uff09
\n\u201c\u91d1\u5b9d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u4ee5\u91cd\u89c6\u987e\u5ba2\u4e3a\u5148\u5bfc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u8d85\u7fa4\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6da6\u548c\u80a1\u4e1c\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff1b
\n\u5e76\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6bcf\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u786e\u4fdd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6216\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u5730\u3002\u201d\uff081989
\n\u5e74\uff09
\n\u4e24\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8ba9\u987e\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c
\n\u800c\u91d1\u5b9d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u80a1\u4e1c\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f
\n\u7cbe\u5fc3\u96d5\u7422\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u514b\u83b1\u65af
\n\u52d2\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u51e1\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2
\n\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u9500\u552e\u3002\u91d1\u5b9d\u662f\u7531\u3000Dorrance\u3000\u5bb6\u65cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c
\n\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u5ba3\u8a00\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8be5\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c
\n\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u80a1\u4e1c\u3002\u91d1\u5b9d\u7684\u80a1\u4ef7\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u589e
\n\u5e45\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u91d1\u5b9d\u529b\u6c42\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u5927\u8c08\u201c\u80a1\u4e1c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d
\n\u6765\u5b89\u629a\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7f16\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c
\n\u53f8\u5c1a\u65e0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u5373\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u4ee3\u7528
\n\u54c1\u3002
\n7S\u8981\u6a21\u578b\u8303\u4f8b
\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u3000S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u6b65\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8
\n\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u7535\u8111\u516c\u53f8\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u529f\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u8bf4\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u5176\u3000S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5176\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u683c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e00\u6700\u4e14\u6700\u5177\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u516c
\n\u53f8\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u4eec\u51ed\u501f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u77e9\u9635
\n\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5341\u5206\u9002\u5408\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u540e\u914d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5956\u52b1\u521b
\n\u65b0\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u52b1\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u5f3a\u8c03\u5174\u8da3\u4e0e\u56e2
\n\u961f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u5c06\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3001
\n\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7535\u8111\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e3a\u5bb6
\n\u5ead\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5236\u56fe\u90e8\u95e8\u521b\u9020\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u3000S\u3000\u8981
\n\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\u548c\u652f\u6301\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\n\u4f60\u4e0d\u59a8\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u7231\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e03\u4e2a\u8981
\n\u7d20\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u4e0a\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u6df1\u5165\u94bb\u7814\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u3000MBA\u3000\u5b66\u5386\u7684
\n\u6218\u7565\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u4f1a\u50cf\u4f60\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u30007S\u3000\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4f46\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\u7684
\n\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u4f1a\u9644\u6709\u82b1\u54e8\u7684\u7535\u8111\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u88c5\u8ba2\u7cbe\u7f8e\u4e14\u6536\u8d39\u4e0d\u8584\u3002
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u548c\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u3000MBA\u3000\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86
\n\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u5217\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\uff1f\u201d\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u94fe\u548c\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6709\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\uff08Value\u3000Chain\uff09
\n\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u540e\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Value\uff09\u3002\u670d\u88c5\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u662f
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a
\n\u7f8a\u6bdb\/\u68c9
\n\u5316\u5de5\u54c1\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7eb1\u7ebf\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e03\u5339\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u670d\u88c5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5206\u9500\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u96f6\u552e
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005
\n\u5728\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u9636\u6bb5\u53c2\u8003\u8005\u3000\uff08\u3000Channel
\nparticipant\uff09\u968f\u7740\u4ea7\u54c1\u9010\u6b65\u63a5\u8fd1\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u7ed9\u4ea7\u54c1\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5b9a
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4eba\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u6536\u96c6\u6216\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u8981\u7d20\u2014\u7f8a\u6bdb\u3001\u68c9\u3001\u5316\u5de5\u54c1\u2014\u4e00\u4e00\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5236\u6210\u670d\u88c5\u3002\u670d\u88c5
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4fc3\u9500\uff0c\u5206\u9500\u5546\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u96f6
\n\u552e\u5546\u5fc5\u987b\u5356\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff08Integration\uff09
\n\u524d\u5411\u548c\u540e\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff08Forward\u3000and\u3000backward\u3000inte\u2026\uff09
\ngration\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u4ece\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5411\u4e0b\u6e38\u9886\u57df\u62d3\u5c55\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u671d\u6d88
\n\u8d39\u8005\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u679c\u56ed\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u79cd\u690d\u5e76\u5411\u516c\u4f17
\n\u51fa\u552e\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u524d\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5546
\n\u5e97\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6216\u6309\u4e0e\u5546\u5e97\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d5a\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e0e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u9886\u57df\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u540e\u5411
\n\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff08International\u3000Paper\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684
\n\u6797\u573a\u548c\u7eb8\u5f20\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5373\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e4b\u5217\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u524d\u5411\u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe
\n\u4e0a\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u679c\u56ed\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u662f\u4ee5\u79cd\u690d
\n\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f5c\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u671d\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u73af\u8282
\n\u524d\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba2\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3b\u4e1a\u5e94\u662f\u96f6\u552e\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u540e\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u79cd\u690d\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u54c1\u7684
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6279\u53d1\u53c8\u662f\u524d\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002
\n\u6797\u573a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u540e\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u524d\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u7528\u7eb8\u54c1
\n\u7eb5\u5411\u4e0e\u6a2a\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3000\uff08\u3000Vertical\u3000and\u3000horizontal
\nintegration\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7eb5\u5411\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002
\n\u7eb5\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e88\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d
\n\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u7eb8\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7eb5\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83
\n\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u6797\u573a\u548c\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u5411\u548c\u540e\u5411\u4e00
\n\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5176\u5173\u94fe\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e8b\u51e0\u4e2a\u589e\u52a0\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u3002
\n1987\u3000\u5e74\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u516c\u53f8\u4e70\u4e0b\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\/\u5409\u666e\u516c\u53f8\uff08AMC\uff09\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u5b83\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u4f5c\u6a2a\u5411\u4e00
\n\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u603b\u88c1\u674e\u00b7\u827e\u514b\u5361\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u5411\u4fa7\u7ffc\u6216\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u514b\u83b1
\n\u65af\u52d2\u4e70\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u94a2\u8054\u516c\u53f8\uff08USX\uff09\uff08\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u94a2\u94c1\u516c\u53f8
\n\uff08U\u3002S\u3002Steel\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u7eb5\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2
\n\u5728\u5176\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5236\u9020\u9886\u57df\u5c06\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u94c1\u77ff\u5f00\u91c7
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7eb5\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u94a2\u8054\u516c\u53f8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6a2a\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u516c\u53f8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6a2a\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u4e9a\u7279
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7eb5\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u5316
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5411\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u51fa\u552e\u6c7d\u8f66
\n\u6218\u7565\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u524d\u53ca\u4eca\u540e
\n\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002\u5f53\u5316\u5de5\u516c\u53f8\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u5229\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5411\u4e00\u4f53
\n\u5316\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u9644\u52a0\u503c\u4ea7\u54c1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u5e03\u5339\u6216\u5730\u6bef\u7684\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u50cf\u675c\u90a6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u4e2d\u7ea4\u7ef4\u73af\u8282\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53d8\u5f97
\n\u66f4\u4e3a\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u5206\u9500\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u73af\u8282\u5168\u90e8\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u670d\u88c5\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u4f7f\u672c\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u6ee1\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u591a
\n\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u538b\u529b\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6218\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u786e\u4fdd\u539f\u6599\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c
\n\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5229\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9e21\u86cb\u5168\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b50
\n\u5b50\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u627f\u62c5\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u201c\u8986
\n\u5de2\u65e0\u5b8c\u5375\u201d\u561b\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u666f\u6c14\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6cb9\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u5c31\u662f\u57c3\u514b\u68ee
\n\uff08Exxon\uff09\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u3000Exxon\u3000\u70bc\u6cb9\u5382\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u539f\u6cb9\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u5904
\n\u7d22\u53d6\u4f18\u60e0\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5411\u987e\u5ba2\u503e\u9500\u5176\u8fc7\u5269
\n\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u8eab\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff08Levels\u3000of\u3000Strategy\uff09
\n\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u51b3\u5b9a\u95ee\u9886\u201c\u5168
\n\u5c40\u201d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u8981\u8fdc\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e2a\u522b\u4ee5
\n\u57283\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\uff1a
\n\u529f\u80fd\u6218\u7565\uff08Functional\u3000strategy\uff09\u2014\u4e0e\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6d3b
\n\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6218\u7565
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565\uff08Business\u3000strategy\uff09\u2014\u5e94\u4ed8\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7b56\u7565
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\uff08Corporate\u3000strategy\uff09\u2014\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u9886\u57df
\n\u5f00\u59cb\u6218\u7565\u601d\u8003\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u6211\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c
\n\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff1f
\n\u529f\u80fd\u6218\u7565
\n\u529f\u80fd\u6218\u7565\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4e3a\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u589e\u52a0
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u6218\u7565
\n\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u6280\u672f\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5982\u611f\u5230\u4ec5\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u70df\u8349\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u7262\u9760\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u5c31\u4e0d
\n\u5931\u4e3a\u597d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6218\u7565\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5176\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u5904\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e94\u6218\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4f5c
\n\u6218\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\n\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565\u8981\u6bd4\u529f\u80fd\u6218\u7565\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0
\n\u8425\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc
\n\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u6324\u5360\u4f4f\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u8d27\u5e76\u65a5\u5de8\u8d44\u4e3a\u5176\u5927\u505a\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8d62\u5f97\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5927\u7684
\n\u70df\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u65e2\u4fdd\u4fe1\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u5728\u5176\u884c\u4e1a
\n\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u516c
\n\u53f8\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u4f7f\u516c\u53f8\u4e1a\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u591a\u6837\u5316\u70df\u8349\u4ea7\u54c1\u81f3\u6d88
\n\u8d39\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e86\u70df\u8349\u5de5
\n\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u73af\u5883\u53ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u610f\u8bc6
\n\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u624d\u662f\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u5b83\u6536
\n\u8d2d\u901a\u7528\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u5361\u592b\u98df\u54c1\u53ca\u7c73\u52d2\u5564\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6309\u540c\u6837\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0cR\u3002J\u3002Reynolds\u3000\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u7eb3\u6bd4\u65af\u514b\u997c\u5e72
\n\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u6269\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff08Expansion\u3000Strategy\uff09
\n\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u53d1\u660e\u56fe\u8868\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6613\u4e8e\u5e94
\n\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6218\u7565\u56fe\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u7d22\u592b\u77e9\u9635\uff08Ansoff\u3000atrix\uff09\u3002
\n1957\u3000\u5e74\uff0cH\u3002I\u3002\u5b89\u7d22\u592b\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5546\u4e1a\u6269\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c
\n\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6218\u7565\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u65b0\u9c9c
\n\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u5e02\u573a
\n\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u9c9c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u8003\u8651\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d
\n\u662f\u6307\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u5e02\u573a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u3002
\n\u77e9\u9635\u56fe\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u5b89\u7d22\u592b\u4e3a\u8bba\u8ff0
\n\u6218\u7565\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u5982\u679c\u3000Hershey\u3000\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u60f3
\n\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9500\u552e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de7\u514b\u529b\uff0c\u3000\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e17\u900f\u6218\u7565\u3000\uff08Penetration
\nstrategy\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u60f3\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u9500\u552e
\n\u5de7\u514b\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u65b0\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8
\n\u5173\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6218\u7565\u3000\uff08Related\u3000diversification\u3000strategy\uff09\uff0c\u3000Hershey
\n\u53ef\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u6ce1\u6ce1\u7cd6\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u9500\u552e\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u65b0\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u65e0
\n\u5173\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff08Unrelated\u3000diversification\uff09\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u662f
\n\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb
\n\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u3000Hershey\u3000\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0a
\n\u8ff0\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u5168\u9762\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1a\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145
\n\u5206\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u5929\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5373
\n\u4fbf\u7ecf\u7406\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a7e\u5fa1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u884c\u52a8\u3002
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u5206\u6790\uff08Industry\u3000Analysis\uff09
\n\u9664\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u6269\u5c55\uff08\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff09\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u9700
\n\u8981\u67d0\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u534f\u52a9\u5236\u8ba2\u751f\u5b58\u6218\u7565\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2
\n\u5b89\u7d22\u592b\u77e9\u9635
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u6709\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65b0
\n\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u6709\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5e02\u573a\u6e17\u900f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u5173\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff08\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\uff09
\n\u5e02\u573a
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6269\u5c55\uff08\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u53d1\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u65e0\u5173\u591a\u6837\u5316
\nAdapted\u3000with\u3000the\u3000permission\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000Business\u3000Review\u3002\u3000An
\nexhibit\u3000from\u3000\u3003Strategies\u3000for\u3000Diversiflcation\u3003by\u3000H\u3002Lgor\u3000Ansoff\uff1b
\nColume35\uff1b\u3000No\u30025\uff08Sept\u3002\/Oct\u30021957\uff09\u3002\u3000Copyright\u30001957by\u3000the\u3000President
\nand\u3000Fellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002
\n\u7279\uff08Michael\u3000Porter\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u884c\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e94\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\uff08Five
\nForces\u3000Theory\u3000of\u3000Industry\u3000Structure\uff09\uff0c\u9887\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u5728
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565\u300b\uff08petitive
\nStrategy\uff09\u548c\u300a\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u300b\uff08petitive\u3000Advantage\uff09\u5b9e\u4e3a
\n\u6218\u7565\u601d\u8003\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u4e1a\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u4e66
\n\u662f\u4e70\u7684\uff08\u9664\u672c\u4e66\u5916\uff09\u3002\u6ce2\u7279\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5236\u8ba2\u4f60\u73b0\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684
\n\u751f\u5b58\u6218\u7565\u6216\u8bc4\u4f30\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u201d\u3002\u6ce2\u7279\u4e3a\u5206\u6790
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u8d62\u5229\u6c34\u5e73\u76845\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u76845\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u7684\u5a01\u80c1
\n\u00b7\u65b0\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1
\n\u00b7\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u7684\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b
\n\u00b7\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u7684\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b
\n\u00b7\u5bf9\u624b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5f3a\u5ea6
\n5\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9521\u7f50\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf
\n\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u6781\u4e3a\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u94a2\u6750\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546
\n\uff08Suppliers\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u51fa\u552e\u94a2\u6750\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5236
\n\u6ce2\u7279\u884c\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e94\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7406\u8bba
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u5bf9\u624b
\n\u73b0\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u95f4\u7684
\n\u7ade\u4e89
\n\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546
\n\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u7684
\n\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b
\n\u8d2d\u8d27\u5546
\n\u8d2d\u8d27\u5546\u8bae
\n\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b
\n\u65b0\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1
\n\u6f5c\u5728\u5bf9\u624b
\n\u6765\u81ea\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u6216
\n\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5a01\u80c1
\n\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1
\nReprinted\u3000with\u3000the\u3000permission\u3000of\u3000The\u3000Free\u3000Press\uff1b\u3000a\u3000Division
\nof\u3000Macmillan\uff1b\u3000Inc\uff1b\u3000from\u3000petitive\u3000Advantage\uff1a\u3000Creating\u3000and
\nSustaining\u3000Superior\u3000Performance\u3000by\u3000Michael\u3000E\u3002\u3000Porter\u3002\u3000Copyright
\n1985\u3000by\u3000Michael\u3000E\u3002\u3000Porter\u3002
\n\u7f50\u4e1a\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6ce2\u7279\u5f3a\u8c03\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u94fe\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e88\u8005\u5f3a\u8feb\u94fe\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u9521\u7f50\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u5546\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u501f\u52a9
\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u94fe\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e88\u8005\u5f3a\u8feb\u94fe\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u9521\u7f50\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u5546\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u501f\u52a9
\n\u5176\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u5236\u7f50\u4e1a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6765\u5f3a\u8feb\u5176\u964d\u4f4e\u4ef7\u683c\u3002
\n\u50cf\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u8499\u7279\uff08Del\u3000Monte\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u5546\u4e5f\u53ef\u5a01\u80c1
\n\u7528\u5851\u6599\u5305\u88c5\u66ff\u4ee3\uff08Substitute\uff09\u7f50\u88c5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u5546\u5df2\u4ee5
\n\u8f6c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5851\u6599\u5305\u88c5\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f50\u88c5\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u840e\u7f29\u4f7f\u7ade\u4e89\u66f4\u4e3a
\n\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002
\n\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u5165\u884c\u8005\uff08New\u3000entrants\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u4e70
\n\u6765\u5236\u7f50\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5236\u7f50\u751f\u4ea7\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u6210\u4e0a\u5373\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u8fdb
\n\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u4e00\u65e6\u5229\u6da6\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u8bdd\u4fbf\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u52a0\u5165
\n\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u8499\u7279\u5982\u679c\u613f\u610f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u5305\u88c5\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u5236\u5305
\n\u88c5\u7f50\u3002\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u5f97\u4e14\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u3000\u5165\u884c\u969c\u788d\u3000\uff08Barriersto\u3000entry\uff09\u662f\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u3002\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u30004\u3000\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u4f7f\u5f97\u884c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u7b2c\u30005\u3000\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u73b0
\n\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff08Rivalry\u3000among\u3000existing\u3000firms\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837
\n\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u3002\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7ade\u4e89\u60c5\u51b5\u4e86\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4ece\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u65e5\u89c1\u840e\u7f29\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u90e8\u5206\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u75db\u82e6
\n\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e89\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89
\n\u8005\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u800c\u7f6e\u5229\u6da6\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6ce2\u7279\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u5c55\u793a
\n\u7684\uff0c5\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u90fd\u5411\u9521\u7f50\u884c\u4e1a\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002
\n\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u8d39\u57ce\u7687\u51a0\u74f6\u76d6\u516c\u53f8
\n\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6218\u7565\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Value\uff09\u3002\u7687\u51a0\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u63d0
\n\u4f9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u54a8\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u5305\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee
\n\u6ce2\u7279\u884c\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e94\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u8be6\u56fe
\nReprinted\u3000with\u3000the\u3000permission\u3000of\u3000The\u3000Free\u3000Press\uff1b\u3000a\u3000Division
\nof\u3000Macmillan\uff1b\u3000Inc\uff1b\u3000from\u3000petitive\u3000Advantage\uff1a\u3000Creating\u3000and
\nSustaining\u3000Superior\u3000Performance\u3000by\u3000Michael\u3000E\u3002\u3000Porter\u3002\u3000Copyright
\n\u00f31985\u3000by\u3000Michael\u3000E\u3002\u3000Pcrter\u3002
\n\u9898\uff0c\u4ea4\u8d27\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u5305\u88c5\u89c4
\n\u683c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5728\u6210\u672c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7687\u51a0\u516c\u53f8\u6ce8\u91cd\u964d
\n\u4f4e\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u8ba2\u4ef7\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u5b58
\n\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e5\u6e10\u5174\u65fa\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8fdb\u5165\u9521\u7f50\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u95ee\u95ee\u5982\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff1f
\n\u6211\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u642c\u7687\u51a0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff1f
\n\u5982\u679c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8d62\u5f97\u4e00\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\uff1f
\n\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u6f5c\u529b\u5982\u4f55\uff1f
\n\u6211\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u505a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff1f
\n\u4e0d\u8bba\u54ea\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u65f6
\n\u4e09\u79cd\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218\u7565\u6218\u7565\u4f18\u52bf
\n\u987e\u5ba2\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5916
\n\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5730\u4f4d
\n\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807
\n\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a
\n\u552f\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df
\nPeprinted\u3000with\u3000the\u3000permission\u3000of\u3000The\u3000Fressvpress\uff1b\u3000adivision\u3000of\u3000Macmillan\uff1b\u3000Inc\uff1b\u3000from\u3000petitive\u3000Strategy\uff1a
\nTechniques\u3000for\u3000Analyzing\u3000Industries\u3000and\u3000petitors\u3000by\u3000Michael
\nE\u3002\u3000Porter\u3002\u3000Copyright\u3000\u00f3\u30001990\u3000by\u3000The\u3000Free\u3000Press\u3002
\n\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6ce2\u7279\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f
\n\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e1a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ade\u4e89\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5353\u89c1\u3002\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730
\n\u7814\u7a76\u6ce2\u7279\u8be6\u7ec6\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e94\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff08Determinants\uff09\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662fMBA\u4eec\u4e89\u53d6\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u65f6\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218\u7565
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5176\u7ade\u4e89\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684
\n\u6ce2\u7279\u4e94\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u5373\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684
\n\u884c\u52a8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218\u7565\uff08Generic\u3000strategy\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218
\n\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u6d17\u7897\u5e03\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bb8\u591a\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u6ce2\u7279\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531
\n\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565\u56e0\u7d20\u6784\u6210\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30003\u3000\u79cd\u4e3b
\n\u8981\u6218\u7565\uff1a
\n\u5168\u9762\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148
\n\u5dee\u5f02\u5316
\n\u4e13\u4e00\u5316
\n\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u524d\u9875\u201c\u4e09\u79cd\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218\u7565\u201d\u56fe\uff09
\n\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6218\u7565\u662f\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148\uff08Cost\u3000leadership\uff09\u3002\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d
\n\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u4e48\u964d\u4f4e\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48
\n\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff08Low\u3000cost\u3000producers\uff09\u4e5f\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u5229\u6da6\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4
\n\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff08Economies
\nof\u3000scale\uff09\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u751f\u4ea7\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u8d8a\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b66\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u201d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u6765\u81ea6\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff1a
\n\u52b3\u52a8\u6548\u7387\uff08Labor\u3000efficiency\uff09\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u590d\u6216\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u800c
\n\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u4ea7\uff08puter\u2026aided\u3000manufacturing\uff1b
\nCAM\uff09\u4f7f\u5de5\u5382\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002
\n\u65b0\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u505a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b
\n\u60c5\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6750\u6599\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u2014\u2014\u51cf\u5c11\u4ea7\u54c1\u96f6\u4ef6\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002
\n\u89c4\u6a21\u6548\u7387\u2014\u2014\u500d\u589e\u5de5\u5382\u52a0\u5de5\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u500d\u589e\u5176\u6210\u672c\u3002\u589e
\n\u52a0\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6269\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u90a3\u4e48\u6602\u8d35\u3002
\n\u66ff\u6362\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u5ec9\u4f46\u5408\u683c\u7684\u539f\u6599\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2
\n\u7ebf\uff08Learning\u3000Curve\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08Experience\u3000Curve\uff09\uff0c
\n\u5219\u6b63\u597d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e8e\u30001960\u3000\u5e74\u7531\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u987e\u95ee\u516c
\n\u53f8\uff08Boston\u3000Consulting\u3000Group\uff1b\u3000BCG\uff09\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec
\n\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u201c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u201d\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u91cf\u500d\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u5219\u6309\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u53ef\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u52a0\u5de5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u767e\u5206
\n\u4e4b\u516b\u5341\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7d2f\u8ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u6bcf\u6b21\u500d\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ec4
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4ec5\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u300080\uff05\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u300020\uff05\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
\n\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u662f\u201c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\uff0c
\n\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u91cd
\n\u5200\u7247\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf
\n80\uff05\u5b66\u4e60
\n\u603b\u751f\u4ea7\u91cf
\n\u8981\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ea7\u54c1\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u7684
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u6708\u6216\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516b\u5341\u5b66\u4e60
\n\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u5409\u5229\u5200\u7247\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6240\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u6548\u5e94
\n\u5200\u7247\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c
\n\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5200\u7247\u751f\u4ea7\u91cf\u500d\u589e\u300021\u3000\u6b21\u540e\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u6bcf
\n\u4ea4\u9012\u51cf\u300020\uff05\uff0c\u7531\u300010\u3000\u7f8e\u5143\u51cf\u81f3\u30009\u3000\u7f8e\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u53ef
\n\u7ed8\u5236\u6210\u56fe\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u9875\u56fe\uff09\u3002
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u6218\u7565\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u8981\u5148\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6cbf\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002
\n\u51e1\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u786e\u4fdd\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u529b\u4e89\u6bd4\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u591a\u751f\u4ea7
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u964d\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002
\n\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6210\u672c\u201c\u503e\u9500\u201d\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148
\n\u6218\u7565\u65f6\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df1\u8c0b\u8fdc\u8651\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u51fa\u552e
\n\u5176\u5f55\u50cf\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u65e5\u672c
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u6da6\u65f6\u662f\u4ee5\u30005\u3000\u5e74\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5e74\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f83
\n\u5927\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u6218\u7565\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4efd
\n\u989d\u5e76\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6324\u51fa\u5708\u5916\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u884c
\n\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u6709\u6218\u7565\u773c
\n\u5149\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u5219\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u62ff\u8d70\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u539f\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u719f\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c
\n\u4eba\u4fbf\u5c06\u5176\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7528\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u8bf8\u5982\u6fc0\u5149\u5f71\u789f\u673a\u7b49\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9
\n\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u516c\u53f8\uff08RCA\uff09\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002
\n\u5982\u540c\u8425\u9500\u4e00\u7ae0\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u8fbe
\n\u5230\u6210\u719f\u5e76\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u66f2\u7ebf\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u7d2f\u8ba1\u751f
\n\u4ea7\u500d\u589e\u52bf\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u5229\u6da6
\n\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5982\u82e5\u4ecd\u7136\u9532
\n\u800c\u4e0d\u820d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8ffd\u8d76\u4e0a\u6765\u3002
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5de5\u827a\u6216\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5de5
\n\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u6709\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u5200\u7247\u751f\u4ea7\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u66f2\u7ebf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6bd4\u5982
\n\u8bf4\u201c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u800c\u975e\u6309\u7167\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516b\u5341\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2
\n\u7ebf\u5728\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8df3\u8dc3\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08Jumping\u3000to\u3000a
\nnew\u3000curve\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u6570\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u8ba1\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u6548\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u751f\u4ea7\u500d\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6279\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u524d\u4e00
\n\u6279\u7684\u300075\uff05\uff0c\u6216\u66f0\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u300025\uff05\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf
\n\u65e0\u751a\u529f\u6548\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u66f2\u7ebf\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u6ed1
\n\u90fd\u65f6\u4e0d\u6211\u5f85\u3002
\n\u5dee\u5f02\u5316
\n\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\uff0c\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\uff08Differentiation\uff09\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u7684\u9996
\n\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u663e\u5f97\u4e0e
\n\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c31\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u670d
\n\u52a1\u548c\u4ea4\u8d27\u3002\u5c31\u670d\u52a1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5dee\u5f02\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u793c\u8c8c\u3001\u968f\u53eb\u968f
\n\u5230\u3001\u4e13\u957f\u548c\u9009\u5740\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u544a\u8fdb
\n\u884c\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u5e7f\u544a\u4f20\u5a92\u6218\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u786e\u4fe1\u54ea\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u66f4\u597d\uff0c
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u540d\u4eba\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u786e\u4fe1\u8010\u514b\u978b\uff08Nike\uff09\u6bd4
\nConverse\u978b\u597d\u3002
\n\u4e13\u4e00\u5316
\n\u91c7\u7528\u4e13\u4e00\u5316\uff08Focus\uff09\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4fbf\u53ef\u6216\u8005\u4e13\u653b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e02
\n\u573a\u533a\u57df\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u9762\u6216\u8005\u4e13\u653b\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4e13\u4e00\u5316\u6218\u7565\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5efa
\n\u7acb\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7279\u8bb8\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5564\u9152\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5de8\u5934\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u3000Anheuser\u2026
\nBusch\u3001\u3000Coors\u548cMiller\u3000\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u578b\u7684Hudepohl\u3000\u5564
\n\u9152\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u201cHudy\u201d\uff09\u5219\u575a\u5b88\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u3002\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4f4e\u6210\u672c
\n\u548c\u82b1\u54e8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u201d\u8ffd\u4ece\u3002Hudy\u3000\u7ecf
\n\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u800c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5230\u4e86\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0cHudy
\n\u4e13\u4e00\u4e8e\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u3002
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5146\u793a
\n\u5146\u793a\uff08Signaling\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8ba9\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9
\n\u624b\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u60f3\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5146\u793a\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u9884\u793a\u5b83
\n\u4eec\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6216\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ee5\u8fce\u63a5\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7792\u5929\u8fc7\u6d77\u3002\u5146\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\uff08\u548c\u4ee3
\n\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\uff09\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u76f4\u63a5\u6c9f\u901a\u8bae\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u6216\u5212\u5206
\n\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff01\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5146
\n\u793a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8fdb\u76d1\u5750\u7262\u5374\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\n\u5728\u822a\u7a7a\u4e1a\uff0c\u5146\u793a\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u89c1\u60ef\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba2
\n\u7968\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u730e\u6349\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5929\u5929\u4e0a\u6f14\u3002\u3000\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u3000\u5fb7\u800c\u5854\u3000Delta
\n\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u4e9a\u7279\u5170\u5927\u81f3\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u822a\u7ebf\u7684\u7968\u4ef7\u5927\u5e45\u8c03
\n\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6297\u8861\u7f8e\u6d32\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u822a\u7ebf\u7684\u964d\u4ef7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5fb7\u800c\u5854\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u8c03\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u822a\uff01\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u822a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u73a9\u628a
\n\u620f\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u95f9\u7740\u73a9\u7684\u3002\u201d
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e94\u7b54\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u822a\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7968\u4ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5146\u793a\uff1a
\n\u201c\u54b1\u4eec\u8bb2\u548c\u5427\u3002\u201d\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u822a\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u4f4e\u7968\u4ef7\uff0c\u60f3\u662f\u5728\u5146\u793a\u5b83\u60f3
\n\u4e00\u51b3\u96cc\u96c4\u3002
\n\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5146\u793a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b6\u79cd\uff1a
\n\u4ef7\u683c\u53d8\u52a8\uff08Price\u3000movements\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5146\u793a\u52a8\u673a\u5e76\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5
\n\u53d7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n\u4e8b\u5148\u58f0\u660e\uff08Prior\u3000announcements\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u8bd5\u63a2\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9
\n\u624b\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u610f\u5916\u30021991\u5e74\u5f53\u3000IBM\u3000\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e0e\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7ed3\u76df\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u5b83\u5146\u793a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\uff08\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c
\n\u65f6\u3000IBM\u3000\u4e0e\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u8fdb\u519b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u9886
\n\u57df\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8f6f\u4ef6\u516c\u53f8\u5fae\u8f6f\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u770b
\n\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u624b\u51b3\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u5176\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u70c8\u5146\u793a\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u522b\u65e0\u5b83
\n\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5a92\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\uff08Media\u3000discussions\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u4f60\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6253
\n\u7b97\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u516c\u53f8\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5a92\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e
\n\u5b5a\uff08Mobil\uff09\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\u7684\u538c\u5026\uff0c
\n\u5e0c\u671b\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fb7
\n\u58eb\u53e4\u516c\u53f8\uff08Texaco\uff09\u3001\u96ea\u4f5b\u9f99\u516c\u53f8\uff08Chevron\uff09\u548c\u963f\u83ab\u79d1\u516c\u53f8
\n\uff08Amoco\uff09\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u884c\u52a8\u6309\u3000Mobil\u3000\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u8c03
\n\u6cb9\u4ef7\u3002
\n\u53cd\u51fb\uff08Counterattack\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7528\u964d\u4ef7\u6216\u4fc3\u9500\u624b\u6bb5\u51b2\u51fb\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9
\n\u624b\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4ee5\u62a5\u590d\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f60\u73b0\u6709\u5730\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4fb5\u8680\u3002\u5047\u5982
\n\u9ea6\u6c0f\u5496\u5561\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u800c\u798f\u5c14\u6770\u516c\u53f8\uff08Folger\uff09\u7684\u6700\u597d
\n\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9ea6\u6c0f\u7684\u8425\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u7528\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8ba2\u4ef7\u548c\u4fc3\u9500\u624b\u6bb5
\n\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u653b\u798f\u5c14\u6770\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5730\u76d8\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6012\u53d1\u51b2
\n\u51a0\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5b88\u536b\u52a0\u5dde\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6216\u8005
\n\u91c7\u53d6\u653b\u52bf\uff0c\u8fdb\u519b\u9ea6\u6c0f\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u540e\u4e00\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31
\n\u4f1a\u5411\u5bf9\u624b\u5146\u793a\u5176\u6124\u6012\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u505c\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u53cc\u65b9\u3002
\n\u5ba3\u5e03\u7ed3\u679c\uff08Announce\u3000results\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u660e\u767d\u5730
\n\u544a\u8bf8\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u3000\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bd5\u9500\u65f6\uff0c
\n\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u963b\u6b62\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u5bf9\u5176\u73b0\u6709
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u53cd\u653b\u3002\u5728\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u964d\u4ef7\u662f\u6682\u65f6
\n\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5146\u793a\u5929\u4e0b\u4ee5\u514d\u5bf9\u624b\u8bef\u8ba4\u964d\u4ef7\u662f\u957f\u671f\u6027\u7684\u3002
\n\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff08Litigation\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u9001\u4e0a\u516c\u5802\u3002\u5f53\u67ef\u8fbe\u516c
\n\u53f8\u8fdb\u519b\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u50cf\u4e1a\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9d\u4e3d\u6765\u516c\u53f8\uff08Polaroid\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5ead\u660e
\n\u786e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u67ef\u8fbe\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76f8\u673a\u548c\u80f6\u5377\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u5176 \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u53f8\u8fdb\u519b\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u50cf\u4e1a\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9d\u4e3d\u6765\u516c\u53f8\uff08Polaroid\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5ead\u660e
\n\u786e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u67ef\u8fbe\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76f8\u673a\u548c\u80f6\u5377\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u5176\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\uff0c\u540c
\n\u65f6\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5207\u624b\u6bb5\u8981\u6c42\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u67ef\u8fbe\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9
\n\u4e00\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\u540c\u610f\u5411\u5b9d\u4e3d\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u300010\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee5\u4e86\u7ed3\u6b64
\n\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u50cf\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002
\n\u5146\u793a\u4e0e\u72af\u4eba\u56f0\u5883
\n\u4e0e\u5146\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3000\uff08Prisoner’s
\ndilemma\uff09\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u4e2d\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u8c0b\u6740\u88ab\u6355\uff0c
\n\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u8b66\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u4ece\u6307\u63a7\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb
\n\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e00\u4eba\u5766\u767d\u5e76\u6307\u8bc1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5
\n\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6307\u63a7\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u8b66\u5bdf\u5bf9\u4e24\u4eba\u8bb8\u8bfa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8bc1
\n\u544a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8f7b\u91cf\u5211\u3002\u5047\u5982\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u62d2\u4e0d\u5766\u767d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7275\u8fde
\n\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u5c06\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bc1\u636e\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4f46\u4e24\u4eba\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f1a
\n\u600e\u6837\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4f1a\u5b88\u53e3\u5982\u74f6\u5417\uff1f
\n\u50cf\u822a\u7a7a\u4e1a\u8fd9\u6837\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c
\n\u53f8\u76f8\u4e92\u4fe1\u4efb\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u4ef7\u3002\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ed8\u5951\u603b\u662f\u5f88\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ef7\u683c\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u706d\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd
\n\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u72af\u4eba\u56f0\u5883\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u201d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684
\n\u5146\u793a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f52\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u505c\u6b62\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5146\u793a\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e0d
\n\u4e88\u7406\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u53d6\u80dc\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5229
\n\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\n\u72af\u4eba\u56f0\u5883
\n\u7f04\u9ed8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u7f04\u9ed8\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5766\u767d
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e24\u4eba\u540c\u83b7\u81ea\u7531\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u4eba\u8f7b\u7f5a
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u91cd\u5224
\n\u5766\u767d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u91cd\u7f5a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e24\u4eba\u5171\u5224\u8c0b\u6740
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u672c\u4eba\u8f7b\u7f5a
\n\uff08\u5728\u4e24\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5766\u767d\u8005\u53d7\u8f7b\u7f5a\uff09
\n\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u7565
\n\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5146\u793a\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u9887\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cMBA\u3000\u4eec\u6240\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6e38
\n\u620f\u5219\u66f4\u6709\u4e50\u8da3\u65e0\u7a77\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u7565\uff08Portfolio\u3000strategy\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a
\n\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u7ea7\uff08Corporate\u3000level\uff09\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u3000MBA
\n\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u77e5\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u300060\u3000\u5e74
\n\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u628a\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u4e0e\u5468\u671f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u51d1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u514d\u53d7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u5f71
\n\u54cd\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u5f53\u65f6\u66fe\u9761\u4e00\u65f6\u3002\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e
\n\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5b83\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e00\u5ea6\u6d89\u8db3160\u9879\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u4f46\u5728\u300070\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u5229\u6da6\u4e0b\u964d\u4e14\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u5bf9\u65e0\u5173\u591a\u5143\u5316
\n\uff08Unrelated\u3000diversification\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4eec\u53c8\u7eb7
\n\u7eb7\u6c42\u52a9\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u5165\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7ee7
\n\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5356\u6389\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u8d44\u91d1\u662f\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u6218\u7565\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u6c47\u96c6\u5230\u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c
\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u77e9\u9635\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u7b54\u7ec4\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u6e0a\u535a\u7684\u3000MBA
\n\u4eec\u5341\u5206\u719f\u60894\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u987e\u95ee\u516c\u53f8\u589e\u957f\/\u4efd\u989d\u77e9\u9635
\n\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u987e\u95ee\u516c\u53f8\uff08Boston\u3000Consulting\u3000Group\uff1b\u3000BCG\uff09\u7684\u6a21
\n\u578b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u589e\u957f\u7387\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\u3002\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u662f\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2
\n\u7ebf\u6548\u5e94\uff08Learning\u3000curve\u3000effects\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d
\n\u662f\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7b56\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u63d0\uff0c
\n\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u6709\u597d\u4e0b4\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a
\nBCG\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec4\u5408\u56fe
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\uff08\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\uff09
\n\u660e\u661f\uff08Star\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002
\n\u660e\u661f\u7684\u6210\u957f\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u9700\u8981\u3002King\u3000World
\nProductions\u3000\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u54c1\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8282\u76ee\u50cf\u3000Wheel\u3000of\u3000Fortune\uff1b
\nJeopardy\uff01\u548c\u3000The\u3000Oprah\u3000Winfrey\u3000\u5c31\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u30001991\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a\u30004\u300276\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c
\n\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe\u300019\u30026\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f7f\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u53bb\u6ee1\u8db3\u65b0\u7684\u548c\u73b0
\n\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5c31\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u516c\u53f8\u5747\u751f\u5b58\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8
\n\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8b66\u89c9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u4eec
\n\u5728BCG\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002
\n\u6447\u94b1\u4e73\u725b\uff08Cash\u3000cow\uff09\u662f\u4f4e\u589e\u957f\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9d\u8d1d\u52a8\u7269\u53ef\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u4e1a\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6628\u65e5\u4e4b\u661f\u7684\u70df\u8349
\n\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u662f\u4eca\u671d\u7684\u6447\u94b1\u4e73\u725b\uff08\u5373\u6447\u94b1\u6811\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u83ab\u5229\u65af
\n\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e07\u5b9d\u8def\u9999\u70df\u8d5a\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7528\u6765\u6536\u8d2d\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53d1\u653e\u80a1\u606f\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f4e\u589e\u957f\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b
\n\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u201c\u4ece\u4e73\u725b\u8eab\u4e0a\u6324\u5976\u201d\u3002\u72ac\u7c7b\uff08Dog\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4f4e\u589e\u957f\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u4f4e\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1a
\n\u52a1\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u5176\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u9700\u5360\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d44\u91d1
\n\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u94a2\u94c1\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u5c5e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176
\n\u8bbe\u5907\u9700\u8981\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u6c42\u75b2\u8f6f\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89
\n\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u670d\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\u7ed9\u4e88\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u8fd9
\n\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4eec\u4fbf\u7f6e\u94a2\u5382\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\u800c\u4efb\u5176\u751f\u9508\u3002
\n\u95ee\u53f7\uff08Question\u3000marks\uff09\u662f\u6307\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d
\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6218\u7565\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u5176\u5c06
\n\u4e3a\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u513f\u7ae5\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u4e14\u65e5\u540e\u4f1a
\n\u6210\u4e3a\u6447\u94b1\u4e73\u725b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u968f\u5176\u884c\u4e1a
\n\u7684\u6210\u719f\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u72ac\u7c7b\u3002\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u4f0a\u7ebd\u514b\u65af
\n\uff08Immunex\uff09\uff0c\u6069\u4f50\u751f\u5316\uff08Enzo\u3000Biochem\uff09\u548c\u51ef\u5c14\u91d1\uff08Calgene\uff09\u7b49
\n\u5747\u5c5e\u95ee\u53f7\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5
\n\u671f\u80fd\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7075\u4e39\u5999\u836f\u3002
\n\u5728\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5217\u4e3a\u72ac\u7c7b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u52a8\u7269
\n\u4e3a\u4ee3\u53f7\u7684\u6e05\u8c08\u8fd8\u662f\u6ee1\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u72ac\u7c7b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u574f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ea
\n\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u7684\u6295
\n\u8d44\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9500\u552e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u72ac\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5374\u96be
\n\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u72ac\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u6536\u8d2d\u4e13\u5bb6\u5c06\u72ac\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ece
\n\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u624b\u4e2d\u4e70\u4e0b\u540e\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u3002\u6559\u6211\u6536\u8d2d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u51e0\u4f4d\u201c\u6559
\n\u6388\u201d\u90fd\u66fe\u4ece\u4e3a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6e05\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u5229\u4e30\u539a\u3002
\n\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u7565\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6218\u7565\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u4f01
\n\u4e1a\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Linkages\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bb8\u591a
\n\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5206\u4eab\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u540e\u52e4\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7ec4
\n\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u5230\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u7565\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u50cf\u53d8
\n\u620f\u6cd5\u4f3c\u5730\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u5176\u7ecf\u8425\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u957f\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u6700\u5927\u4f18
\n\u5316\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e2a\u522b\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u987e\u95ee\u4ece\u4e70
\n\u5356\u3000BCG\u3000\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u620f\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6e14\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u53f8\u620f\u6cd5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6279\u53d7\u76ca
\n\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u7075\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709
\n\u5fc5\u8981\u4fee\u7406\u3001\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u5356\u7ed9\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4e86\u4e8b\u3002
\n\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u516c\u53f8\uff08McKinsey\u3000&\u3000pany\uff09\u7684\u591a\u5143\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790
\n\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u7ec4\u5408\u620f\u6cd5\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9
\n\u5f0f\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u30001970\u3000\u5e74\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u3000BCG\u3000\u53cc\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u751a\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c
\n\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u6837
\n\u7684\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u51fa\u552e\u3001\u7ee7\u7eed\u6301\u6709\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002
\n\u5728\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u3000\u4f60\u6536\u83b7\uff08Harvest\uff09\u6447\u94b1\u4e73\u725b\uff0c\u3000\u820d\u5f03\uff08Divest\uff09\u72ac\u7c7b\u3002
\n\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5b9a\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u901a\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u884c\u4e1a\u5438\u5f15
\n\u529b\u3000\uff08Industry\u3000attractiveness\uff09\u3000\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5b9e\u529b\u3000\uff08Business
\nstrength\uff09\u3002\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5747\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u884c\u4e1a
\n\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d85\u8fc7\u53e6\u5916\u4e00
\n\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002
\n\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u30009\u3000\u4e2a\u8c61\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u3000BCG\u3000\u6a21\u578b\u4ec5\u6709\u30004\u3000\u4e2a\u3002\u9ea6\u80af\u9521
\n\u6a21\u578b\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e866\u79cd\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u6295\u8d44\u5e76\u6301\u6709
\n\u00b7\u6295\u8d44\u4ee5\u589e\u957f
\n\u00b7\u6295\u8d44\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa
\n\u00b7\u5728\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u6295\u8d44
\n\u00b7\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u4ece\u4e73\u725b\u8eab\u4e0a\u6324\u5976
\n\u00b7\u5408\u5f03\uff0c\u51fa\u552e\u72ac\u7c7b
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u6a21\u578b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u9887\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176
\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u5374\u5e26\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5206\u522b\u8bc4\u5165
\n\u201c\u9ad8\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u201d\u201c\u4f4e\u201d\u6863\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u2014\u9a6c\u7279\u516c\u53f8\uff08Wal\u2026Marf\uff09
\n\u7684\u9500\u552e\u589e\u957f\u53ef\u4ece\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5e74\u62a5\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u80fd
\n\u591f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u516c\u53f8\u201c\u5f62\u8c61\u201d\u91cf\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u5728\u5176\u77e9
\n\u9635\u4e2d\u7528\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u9879\u4e1a\u52a1\u5730\u4f4d\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u4e3b
\n\u89c2\u7684\u3002
\n\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u516c\u53f8\u5730\u4f4d\/\u884c\u4e1a\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u8bc4\u5224\u8868
\n\u963f\u745f\u00b7\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u6218\u7565\u4e1a\u52a1\u5355\u4f4d\uff08SBU\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf
\n\u963f\u745f\u00b7\u5229\u7279\u5c14\uff08Arthur\u3000D\u3002Little\uff1b\u3000ADL\uff09\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u7ec4\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6
\n\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5821\u5792\u3002ADL\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u6218\u7565\u4e1a\u52a1\u5355\u4f4d\uff08Strategic\u3000Business
\nUnit\uff1b\u3000SBU\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e1a
\n\u52a1\u88ab\u7ec4\u5408\u5230\u3000SBU\u3000\u4e4b\u4e2d\u540e\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u7565\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0
\n\u4e3a\u8981\u8d39\u5fc3\u601d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5df2\u5927\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u3000SBU\u3000\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b
\n\u95f4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u8054\u7cfb\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u8054\u7cfb\u3002
\nADL\u7ec4\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5982\u4e0b4\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
\n1\u3002\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u5212\u5206\u5230\u51e0\u4e2aSBU\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002
\n2\u3002\u5c06SBU\u4eec\u7f6e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u3002
\n3\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u6bcf\u4e2aSBU\u6240\u5904\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u72b6\u51b5\u30024\u3002\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002
\n\u4e0e\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u7684\u30009\u3000\u4e2a\u8c61\u9650\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cADL\u3000\u77e9\u9635\u6709\u300024\u3000\u4e2a\u8c61\u9650\u3002ADL
\n\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\uff08Industry\u3000maturity
\nlevel\uff09\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u5730\u4f4d\uff08petitive\u3000position\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24
\n\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u548cBCG\u3000\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cADL\u3000\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6e90
\n\u81ea\u4ea4\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u975e\u52a8\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7075\u611f\u3002\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u6216
\n\u5904\u4e8e\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u3000SBU\u3000\u88ab\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\uff08Green\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d
\n\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u8005\u4e3a\u9ec4\u8272\uff08Yellow\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u6216\u5904\u4e8e\u9971\u548c\u5e02
\n\u573a\u7684\u524d\u666f\u6697\u6de1\u8005\u5219\u88ab\u6807\u4ee5\u7ea2\u8272\uff08Red\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a
\nADL\u6218\u7565\u4e1a\u52a1\u5355\u4f4d\u6a21\u578b
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u3000G\u3000G\u3000G\u3000G
\n\u7ade\u3000\u5f3a\u52bf\u3000G\u3000G\u3000G\u3000Y
\n\u4e89\u3000\u6709\u529b\u3000G\u3000G\u3000Y\u3000R
\n\u5730\u3000\u9632\u5b88\u52bf\u3000G\u3000Y\u3000R\u3000R
\n\u4f4d\u3000\u5f31\u52bf\u3000Y\u3000R\u3000R\u3000R
\n\u671d\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5915\u3000R\u3000R\u3000R\u3000R
\n\u840c\u82bd\u3000\u6210\u957f\u3000\u6210\u719f\u3000\u8001\u5316
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u6210\u719f\u5ea6
\nG=\u7eff\u8272\u3000Y=\u9ec4\u8272\u3000R=\u7ea2\u8272
\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u4ea4\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7\u706f\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684
\nSBU\u3000\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff1a\u6784\u7b51\uff08Build\uff09\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\uff08Maintain\uff09\u6216\u6e05\u7406
\n\uff08Liquidate\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u3000SBU\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5bf9
\n\u4e8e\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u3000SBU\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6218\u7565\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5229\u73af\u5883\u7684\u201c\u9650
\n\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u3000SUB\u3000\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u54a8\u8be2\u4eba\u5458\u4fbf\u4f9d\u9760\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218\u7565\u5de5
\n\u5177\u8bf8\u5982\u4e13\u4e00\u5316\uff08Focus\uff09\u3000\u3001\u6e17\u900f\u3000\uff08Penetration\uff09\u6216\u591a\u5143\u5316
\n\uff08Diversification\uff09\u6765\u5236\u8ba2\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8ba1\u5212\u3002
\nPIMS\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u662fPIMS\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08PIMS
\nDats\u3000Base\uff09\uff08PIMS\u3000\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u6218\u7565\u5229\u6da6\u6548\u679c\uff08Profit\u3000impact\u3000of
\nmarket\u3000strategies\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5728\u300060\u3000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u3000BCG\u3000\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u4e60
\n\u66f2\u7ebf\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u8054\u5408\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u5353\u8d8a\u4e1a\u7ee9\u7684\u201c\u6210\u529f\u7684
\n\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u300087\u3000\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u30002000
\n\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u53d1\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u201c\u79d8\u8bc0\u201c\u3002\u4e0e\u3000BCG\u3000\u7684
\n\u53d1\u73b0\u76f8\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u7387\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u989d\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u6536\u7387\u7684\u5173
\n\u952e\u3002
\n\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u62a5\u544a\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3
\n\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u3000PIMS\u3000\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u5165\u300030\u3000\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u540c
\n\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e1a\u7ee9\u6bd4\u8f83\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u6295\u8d44
\n\u6216\u64a4\u8d44\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002PIMS\u3000\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u719f\u77e5\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5408\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7
\n\u7a0b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6700
\n\u597d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u660e\u661f\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6311\u51fa\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5217\u5165\u72ac\u7c7b\u3002
\n\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u6218\u7565
\n\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4e16\u754c\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u5728\u8c0b\u6c42\u5c06
\n\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u6b27\u6d32\u5219\u5728\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u53ca\u65f6\u4e4b\u865e\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5316
\n\uff08Globalization\uff09\u662f\u3000MBA\u3000\u4eec\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u867d\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8bcd
\n\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u70ed\u95e8\u201d\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u201c\u5168\u7403\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u63d2
\n\u5165\u5230\u6240\u6709MBA\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e00\u9879\u4e1a\u52a1\u6240\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u5982\u679c
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5c5e\u56fd\u5185\u8303\u7574\uff08National\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730
\n\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u3000\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u5927\u578b\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\uff08Multinational\u3000Corporations\uff1b
\nMNCs\uff09\u95ef\u8fdb\u6765\u8bd5\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u654c\u610f\u6536\u8d2d\u6216\u67d0\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u9762\u5305\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u5361
\n\u8f66\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5185\u6027\u8d28\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u82b1\u8d39\u5de8\u8d44\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u7684
\n\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u6548\u5e94\u90fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4e0d
\n\u8bba\u54ea\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6216\u8005\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002
\n\u63a8\u52a8\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6709\uff1a
\n\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u2014\u2014\u4f20\u771f\u3001\u5149\u7f06\u3001\u536b\u661f\u3001\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u98de\u673a
\n\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u9650\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u7a0e\u8d4b\u53ca\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a
\n\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53e3
\n\u5473
\n\u6280\u672f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u53d8\u9769\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u884c\u4e1a\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u5927\u6570
\n\u91cf\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8d76\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u52aa\u529b\u3002
\n\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u9010\u2014\u2014\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4e89\u593a\u5168
\n\u7403\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d
\n\u7d22\u5c3c\u548c\u677e\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u4e89\u6597\u591a\u5e74\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u573a\u89d2\u9010\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u7d22\u5c3c\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u76db\u7530\u662d\u592b\u548c\u677e\u4e0b\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u677e\u4e0b\u5e78\u4e4b\u52a9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7d22\u5c3c? \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u7d22\u5c3c\u548c\u677e\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u4e89\u6597\u591a\u5e74\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u573a\u89d2\u9010\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u7d22\u5c3c\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u76db\u7530\u662d\u592b\u548c\u677e\u4e0b\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u677e\u4e0b\u5e78\u4e4b\u52a9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7d22\u5c3c\u4ee5\u300034\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u4e0b\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4
\n\u4e9a\u7535\u5f71\u516c\u53f8\u540e\uff0c\u677e\u4e0b\u4e8e\u30001990\u3000\u5e74\u4ee5\u300061\u3000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86\u7c73\u9ad8\u6885\u7535
\n\u5f71\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7518\u793a\u5f31\uff01
\n\u963b\u788d\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6709\uff1a
\n\u534f\u8c03\u6210\u672c\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u6210\u672c
\n\u5730\u57df\u9650\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u533a\u5185\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u9650\u5236\u548c\u540e\u52e4\u969c\u788d
\n\u56fd\u6c11\u5dee\u5f02\u2014\u2014\u53e3\u5473\u504f\u597d\u3001\u7528\u9014\u3001\u4f20\u5a92\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u6279\u53d1\u6e20\u9053
\n\u7684\u5dee\u5f02
\n\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u8865\u8d34\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba1\u6279
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5f52\u5c5e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u2014\u2014\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u56fd\u5185\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5e76
\n\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u6210\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c
\n\u53f8\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u884c
\n\u52a8\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u8d85\u8fc7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u7c7b\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u5230\u5168\u7403\u7684
\n\u6574\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u5230
\n\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e38\u8bf4\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u62d2\u4e8e\u56fd\u95e8\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8be5
\n\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5546\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u798f\u7279\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u505a\u8fc7\u7684
\n\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u56fd\u95e8\u3002
\n\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u6218\u7565
\n\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff08Synergy\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684
\n\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e1a\u7ee9\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u5f53
\n\u4f60\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u6027\u6536\u8d2d\u6216\u64a4\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5018
\n\u82e5\u4f01\u4e1a\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6027\u6548\u5e94\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u51fa\u73b0\u9519
\n\u8bef\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u4eab\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u6279\u53d1\u548c\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u52a8
\n\uff08Linkages\uff09\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Interrelationships\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u771f
\n\u52a0\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6536\u8d2d\u6216\u517c\u5e76\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8ba2\u4ef7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u517c
\n\u5e76\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u4f30\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6bcd\u516c
\n\u53f8\u80a1\u7968\u6362\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1989\u3000\u5e74\u9a6c\u91cc\u6069\uff08Marion\uff09\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6885\u91cc\u5c14\u3000\u9053\u5c14
\n\uff08Merrel\u3000Paw\uff09\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u517c\u5e76\u7684\u539f\u52a8\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u516c\u53f8
\n\u804c\u5458\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002Marion\u3000\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u582a\u8428\u65af\u57ce\uff0c\u800c\u3000Merrel
\n\u539f\u6709\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u5728\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u7ef4\u6301\u4e24\u5957
\n\u516c\u53f8\u804c\u5458\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u5c06\u5176\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e24\u5957\u804c\u5458\u7cbe\u534e
\n\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u786e\u5b9e\u4ece\u517c\u5e76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8282\u7701\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u4e24\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002
\n4\u79cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u8054\u7cfb\u4e3a\uff1a
\n\u5e02\u573a\u8054\u52a8\uff08Market\u3000linkages\uff09\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8d2d\u8d27\u5546
\n\u6279\u53d1\u6e20\u9053\u2014\u2014\u5230\u8fbe\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u540c\u6837\u9014\u5f84
\n\u54c1\u724c\u8eab\u4efd\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c1\u724c\u540d\u58f0\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u79fb
\n\u6027
\n\u6280\u672f\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Technological\u3000linkages\uff09\uff1a
\n\u8fd0\u8425\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u827a
\n\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u7814\u7a76
\n\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Product\u3000linkages\uff09\uff1a
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u5ef6\u5c55\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027
\n\u5269\u4f59\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u539f\u6599\u91c7\u8d2d\u2014\u2014\u589e\u5f3a\u4e0e\u4f9b\u8d27\u5546\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u80fd\u529b
\n\u5458\u5de5\u804c\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u548c\u4eba\u4e8b\u804c\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709
\n\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u522b\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1
\n\u65e0\u5f62\u8d44\u4ea7\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Intangible\u3000linkages\uff09\uff1a
\n\u5171\u4eab\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc0\u7a8d\uff1a
\n\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d2d\u8d27\u5546\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6784\u9020
\n\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6218\u7565
\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u970d\u5c14\u9a6c\u514b\u8d3a\u5361\u516c\u53f8\uff08Hallmark
\nCards\u3000Lnc\u3002\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5360\u6709\u7387
\n\u4e3a\u300040\uff05\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u5145\u8db3\u4f46\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5374\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u7136
\n\u5730\u5f55\u6c42\u591a\u6837\u5316\u30021988\u3000\u5e74\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7535
\n\u89c6\u7f51\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7edf\u4e00\u7535\u89c6\uff08Univision\uff09\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u62c9\u7f8e\u4eba
\n\u53e3\u4e3a\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u589e\u957f\u673a\u4f1a\u3002
\n\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u9a6c\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u5a31
\n\u4e50\u201d\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u7535\u89c6\u65e0\u5f02\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u5177\u6709\u534f\u540c\u6548
\n\u5e94\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u95f4\u771f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6218\u7565\u5bb6
\n\u5e94\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u970d\u5c14\u9a6c\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec8\u6709\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edf
\n\u4e00\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u6210\u529f\u524d\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u770b\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002
\n\u6709\u65f6\u5373\u4f7f\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8017\u8d39\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u51b3\u7b56\u4f1a\u56e0\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u5ba1\u6279\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u8fdb\u5c55
\n\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e5\u76ca\u50f5\u5316\u662f\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u8fc5\u75be\u7684
\n\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u50f5\u5316\u662f\u4e2a\u6218\u7565\u52a3\u52bf\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49
\n\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u5728\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6218\u7565\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Stategic
\nskepticism\uff09\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u5ba3\u626c\u7684\u90a3
\n\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u65af\u9686\u5b66\u9662\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u00b7\u594e\u56e0\u3000\uff08James
\nBrian\u3000Quiun\uff09\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u5e94\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u3000\uff08Logical
\nincrementalism\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u662f\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6240
\n\u4f5c\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u4e0d\u662f\u524d
\n\u8282\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6218\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u30005\u3000\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4ee5\u82f1
\n\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u201cP\u201d\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Plan\uff09
\n\u00b7\u7b56\u7565\uff08Ploy\uff09
\n\u00b7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Pattern\uff09
\n\u00b7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Proccss\uff09
\n\u00b7\u7740\u773c\u70b9\uff08Perspective\uff09
\n\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u89c4\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u901a\u7528\u7535\u5668\u5229\u7528\u9ea6\u80af\u9521
\n\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6280\u5de7\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u5356\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6218\u7565
\n\u5219\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6218\u672f\u6027\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5361\u592b\u901a\u7528\u98df\u54c1\u5229\u7528\u90ae\u5bc4
\n\u8ba2\u8d27\u9500\u552e\u5176\u540d\u724c\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u98df\u54c1\u5e97\u9500\u552e\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4e00
\n\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u5c0f\u578b\u73e0\u5b9d\u5546\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e2d\uff0c
\n\u6211\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff1a\u5584\u5f85\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1
\n\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8bda\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u523b\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6218\u7565\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5230\u5176\u5e06\u8239\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u5174\u65fa\u3001
\n\u62a2\u624b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u6f5c\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8ba1\u5212\u3002
\n\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u54a8\u8be2\u5458\u4eec\u515c\u552e\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u8ba1\u5212\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7b54
\n\u6848\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u9002\u5408\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5e38\u88ab\u6539\u5199\u3002\u672c\u7530\u6469\u6258
\n\u8f66\u6210\u529f\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c06\u7530\u5b97\u4e00\u90ce\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u613f\u671b\u4e0e\u68a6\u60f3
\n\u6240\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u5145\u6ee1\u81ea\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002
\n\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6e90\u81ea\u5176\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u8f86\u80fd\u8803\u7684\u8d5b\u8f66\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6b32\u671b\u53ca\u5176\u5c06\u6469
\n\u6258\u8f66\u4e8e\u30001958\u3000\u5e74\u6162\u6162\u5730\u3001\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u6253\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b97
\n\u4e00\u90ce\u662f\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u53e3\u8d27\u51e0\u4e4e
\n\u672a\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u7530\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u987e\u95ee\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u5458\u4eec\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u5de5
\n\u4e1a\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u4eec\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u3000\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u7530
\n\u66fe\u5236\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\u6cbf\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u5efa\u7acb
\n\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u3002\u672c\u7530\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u8c03\u7814\u4e0e\u5148\u8fdb\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u987e\u95ee\u516c\u53f8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u672c\u7530\u7684\u5e02\u573a
\n\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba3\u4f20\u53ca\u4fc3\u9500\u672c\u7530\u4ea7
\n\u53e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u54ea\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c
\n\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u8272\u5f69\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c
\n\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u539f\u5219\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u7530\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u6d45\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c
\n\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u5e38\u8bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c
\n\u6218\u7565\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u65e0\u4e0d\u80dc\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f53\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5175\u6cd5
\n\u82e5\u4e0d\u63d0\u53ca\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\u5b59\u5b50\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5173
\n\u4e8e\u6218\u7565\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u5df2\u6210
\n\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u3000MBA\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u6218\u7565\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7684\u9898\u6750\u3002\u6211\u8bbe\u60f3\u6027\u60c5\u66b4\u8e81\u7684\u672c\u7530
\n\u5148\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f15\u8ff0\u5b59\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u300a\u5b59\u5b50\u5175\u6cd5\u300b\uff08The\u3000Art\u3000of\u3000War\uff09
\n\u4e00\u4e66\u751a\u81f3\u7aef\u653e\u5728\u6211\u8001\u677f\u7684\u6848\u5934\u3002\u5f15\u8ff0\u5b59\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\u80af\u5b9a\u4f7f\u4f60\u542c\u8d77
\n\u6765\u806a\u660e\u7edd\u9876\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8c05\u50cf\u7535\u5f71\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u4e2d\u90a3\u4f4d\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u4e86\u89e3
\n\u5185\u5e55\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5458\u6208\u767b\u00b7\u76d6\u5e93\uff08Gordon\u3000Gekko\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u6bb5\u5f15
\n\u6587\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5546\u52a1\u4f1a\u8c08\u65f6\u4e00\u8bd5\uff1a
\n\u201c\u5175\u8005\uff0c\u8be1\u9053\u4e5f\u3002\u201d
\n\u201c\u4e88\u4e4b\uff0c\u654c\u5fc5\u53d6\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u52a8\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7387\u5f85\u4e4b\u3002\u201d
\n\u201c\u767e\u6218\u767e\u80dc\uff0c\u975e\u5584\u4e4b\u5584\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u201d
\n\u201c\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u5c48\u4eba\u4e4b\u5175\uff0c\u5584\u4e4b\u5584\u8005\u4e5f\uff0c\u201d
\n\u201c\u5175\u975e\u8d35\u76ca\u591a\uff0c\u867d\u65e0\u6b66\u8fdb\u3002
\n\u201c\u4e0a\u5175\u4f10\u8c0b\u3002\u201d
\n\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6267\u884c
\n\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a
\n\u6218\u7565\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u3000MBA\u3000\u5219\u8a00\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898
\n\u6b63\u53ef\u8c13\u5750\u800c\u8bba\u9053\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u65bd\u96be\u3002\u806a\u660e\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\u4e00\u6bb5\u540d\u8a00\u3000\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3
\n\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u626d\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8870\u9000\u7684\u751f\u610f\uff0c
\n\u4f46\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u524d\u9014\u7ed9\u4e88\u6218\u7565\u6027\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1
\n\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6218\u7565\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u8bc0\u7a8d\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c
\n\u6218\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u201d\u540c\u4ec1\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\n\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u5c31\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6216\u6267\u884c\u597d\u6218\u7565\u7684\uff0c\u9886
\n\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8fa8\u660e\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5728\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b
\n\u4e0b\u3002MBA\u3000\u4eec\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u79f0\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u6760\u6746\uff08Action
\nlevers\uff09\u3002\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6297\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u7acb\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8b\u51fa\u6240\u6599\u8fdb\u7684\u5e94\u6025
\n\u8ba1\u5212\u3002
\n\u6218\u7565\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u5df2\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c
\n\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6218\u7565\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u53ca\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u6e90\u81ea\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u6218
\n\u7565\u3002
\n\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u8bed\uff08KEY\u3000STRATEGY\u3000TAKEAWAYS\uff09
\nThe\u3000Seven\u3000S\u3000model\u3000\u2026\u3000Strategy\u3000is\u3000how\u3000all\u3000of\u3000a\u3000pany’s
\nS’s\u3000work\u3000together\u3002
\nThe\u3000Value\u3000Chain\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000process\u3000of\u3000producng\u3000and
\ndelivering\u3000goods\u3000and\u3000services
\nIntegration\u3000\u2026\u3000Ways\u3000to\u3000expand\u3000a\u3000business\uff1a\u3000back\u2026\u3000ward\uff1b
\nforward\uff1b\u3000vertically\uff1b\u3000horizontally
\nAnsoff\u3000Matrix\u3000\u2026\u3000Four\u3000strategies\u3000for\u3000business
\nexpansion
\nPorter’s\u3000Five\u3000Forces\u3000Theory\u3000\u3000\u2026\u3000Five\u3000forces\u3000that
\ndetermine\u3000the\u3000petitive\u3000intensity\u3000of\u3000an\u3000industry
\nThe\u3000Learning\u3000Curve\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000more\u3000units\u3000produced\u3000the\u3000lower
\nthe\u3000cost\u3000per\u3000unit\u3000falls\u3000due\u3000to\u3000production\u3000efficiencies\u3002
\nSignaling\u3000\u2026\u3000Indirectly\u3000municating\u3000with
\npetitors
\nThe\u3000Prisoner’s\u3000Dilemma\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000captive\u3000mature\u3000of
\npetitive\u3000relationships\u3000within\u3000an\u3000industry
\nPortfolio\u3000Strategies\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000theories\u3000large
\nmultibusiness\u3000corporations\u3000use\u3000to\u3000decide\u3000which\u3000panies
\nthey\u3000should\u3000buy\uff1b\u3000sell\uff1b\u3000or\u3000hold
\nGlobalization\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000worldwide\u3000petition\u3000inherent
\nin\u3000certain\u3000industries\u3000due\u3000to\u3000a\u3000variety\u3000of\u3000globalizing
\nfactors
\nSynergy\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000incremental\u3000profits\u3000generated\u3000by\u3000the
\nbination\u3000of\u3000two\u3000panies\u3000that\u3000share\u3000resources
\nIncrementalism\u3000\u2026\u3000The\u3000concept\u3000that\u3000strategy\u3000is\u3000not\u3000a
\ngrand\u3000scheme\u3000but\u3000is\u3000developed\u3000over\u3000a\u3000period\u3000of\u3000time\uff1bstep
\n\u2026\u3000by\u3000\u2026\u3000step\u7b2c10\u5929\u3000MBA\u5fae\u578b\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u9898
\n\u8c03\u7814
\n\u5f53\u4f17\u8bb2\u6f14
\n\u8c08\u5224
\n\u56fd\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u7814\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u8981\u6559\u6388\u5b66\u751f\u8c03\u7814\u6280
\n\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53d6\u5f97\u9ad8\u6548\u6210\u679c\u6027\u8c03\u7814\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1
\n\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u518d\u505a\u5c11\u8bb8\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1
\n\u606f\u7684\u771f\u8bc6\u5353\u89c1\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u4f60\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u751a\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u540c
\n\u4e8b\u4eec\u6240\u671b\u5c18\u83ab\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u4e00
\n\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3001\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6709\u5173\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u4e0b\u8ff0\u51fa\u5904\u53bb\u627e\uff0c
\n\u800c\u5f53\u5730\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002
\n\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7535\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u7701\u5374
\n\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u68c0\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u624b\u518c\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff1a
\nABI\/Inform\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u5b58\u6709\u516b\u767e\u591a\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u4e1a
\n\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0e\u6458\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u6742\u5fd7
\n\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6bcf\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5747\u6709\u6982\u8981\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u6458\u8981
\n\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u8bfb\u6574\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
\nInfotrac\u7535\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u9664ABI\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u3000Infotrac
\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u7ecf\u7eaa\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5168
\n\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587
\n\u7ae0\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u6587\u5374\u5e38\u53ef\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8d38\u6613
\n\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u8d38\u6613\u6742\u5fd7\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8d44
\n\u6599\u3002
\n\u4e66\u7c4d
\n\u4f18\u79c0\u4e0e\u843d\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u6982\u89c8\uff08Standard\u3000&\u3000Poor’s\u3000lndustrySurveys\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e24\u5377\u5957\u4e66\u53ca\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u300020\u3000\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u884c\u4e1a\u6df1
\n\u5165\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\n\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6295\u8d44\u8c03\u67e5\uff08Value\u3000Line\u3000Investment\u3000Surveys\uff09
\n\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u300070\u3000\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u516c
\n\u53f8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5c55\u671b\uff08U\u3002S\u3002\u3000Industrial\u3000Outlook\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f
\n\u5e9c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b350\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u6982\u51b5\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u3002
\n\u767e\u4e07\u91d1\u6307\u5357\uff08Million\u3000Dollar\u3000Directory\uff09\uff08Dun\u3000&
\nBradstreet\u8457\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u30005\u3000\u5377\u5957\u516c\u53f8\u6307\u5357\u65e2\u5217\u660e\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\uff0c
\n\u4e5f\u5217\u660e\u4e86\u79c1\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u76d6\u5c14\u8c03\u7814\uff08Gale\u3000Research\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c
\n\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4f18\u79c0\u5546\u4e1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff1a
\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n \u4e5f\u5217\u660e\u4e86\u79c1\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u3002
\n\u76d6\u5c14\u8c03\u7814\uff08Gale\u3000Research\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c
\n\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4f18\u79c0\u5546\u4e1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff1a
\n\u00b7\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u62a5\u544a\uff08Market\u3000Share\u3000Reporter\uff09\u2014\u2014\u672c\u4e66\u63d0
\n\u4f9b\u4e86\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u00b7\u5546\u4e1a\u8bc4\u7ea7\u5e74\u62a5\uff08Business\u3000Rankings\u3000Annual\uff09\u2014\u2014\u672c
\n\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8bc4\u7ea7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d
\n\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d44\u6599\u3002
\n\u00b7\u6c83\u5fb7\u5546\u4e1a\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79c1\u8425\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\uff08Ward’s\u3000Business
\nDirectory\uff1aU\u3002S\u3002\u3000Private\u3000and\u3000Pubilic\u3000panies\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9
\n\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u8403\u3002
\n\u00b7\u534f\u4f1a\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\uff08Encyclopedia\u3000of\u3000Associations\uff09\u2014
\n\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0e\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f88\u613f\u610f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4f1a\u5458\u5236\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8
\n\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u724c\u8c03\u7814\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u4f1a\u5458\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u534f\u4f1a\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u81ea
\n\u5df1\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u3002
\n\u00b7\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\uff08Encyclopedias\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6
\n\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u7b80\u6377\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u5373\u4fbf\u5e74\u7eaa\u518d\u5927\u4e5f\u4e0d
\n\u5e94\u4e0d\u8bfb\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff08World\u3000book\uff09\u6216\u300a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b
\n\uff08Encyclopedia\u3000Britannica\uff09\u3002
\n\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\uff08The\u3000Lifestyle\u3000Market\u3000Analyst\uff09
\n\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5e02
\n\u573a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6765\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5a92
\n\u4f53\u4e60\u6027\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n\u56fd\u4f1a\u5b63\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u4e4b\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4fe1\u606f\u6307\u5357\u3000\uff08congressional
\nQuarterly’s\u3000Washington\u3000lnformation\u3000directory\uff09\u2014\u2014\u672c
\n\u4e66\u5c06\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u667a\u56ca\u4eba\u7269\u653e\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u638c\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5173
\n\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u90e8\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5546\u52a1
\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u6982\u51b5\uff08country\u3000Profiles\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf
\n\u4e00\u5177\u4f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b63\u5ea6\u6742\u5fd7\u662f\u7531\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u516c\u7235\u8857\u300040\u3000\u53f7\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6
\n\u6742\u5fd7\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6742\u5fd7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e
\n\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002
\n\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6742\u5fd7\u4ec5\u5728\u85cf\u4e66\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u624d\u80fd\u501f\u9605\u5230\u3002
\n\u505a\u751f\u610f\u4e8e\u2026\u2026\uff08Doing\u3000Business\u3000in\u3000\u2026\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b
\n\u56fd\u9645\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7531\u666e\u83b1\u65af\u00b7\u74e6\u7279\u8c6a\u65af\uff08Price
\nwaterhouse\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u4e1b\u4e66\u662f\u4e00\u6781\u4f73\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86
\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u6982\u51b5\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u60ef\u4f8b\u4e0e\u79cd\u79cd\u5fae\u5999\u4e4b\u70b9\u3002
\n\u7c73\u9ad8\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5c3c\u514b\u65af\u8c03\u7814\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u3000\uff08The\u3000Nexis
\nResearch\u3000Data\u3000Base\uff1b\u3000Mead\u3000Data\u3000Central\uff09\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u5728\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00
\n\u4e9b\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d39\u7528\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7f51\u4e0a\u7535\u8111\u670d\u52a1\uff0c
\n\u5b83\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u4f46\u5c3c\u514b\u65af\u4e0d
\n\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8d44\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f
\n\u5fc3\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u68c0\u7d22\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u65af\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u6307\u4ee4\u7684
\n\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\nBRS\u4e0eDialog\u2014\u2014\u53e6\u4e00\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u3002
\nFind\/SVP\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea7\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u3002
\n\u62a5\u544a\u5199\u4f5c\u7cbe\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u552e\u4ef7\u4ecb\u4e8e\u51e0\u767e\u5143\u5230\u51e0\u5343\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3
\n\u679c\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u53ca\u4e13\u6709\u8c03\u7814\u6765\u6e90\u8d39\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1
\n\u606f\u3002
\n\u8ddf\u8e2a\u65f6\u4e8b
\n\u6709\u51e0\u4efd\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0e\u6742\u5fd7\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u817e\u51fa\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u606f\u7075\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6
\n\u4eec\u4fe1\u606f\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u80fd\u6307
\n\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u667a\u5730\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e0e\u601d\u8003\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u9605\u8bfb\u3002
\n\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\uff08The\u3000Wall\u3000Street\u3000Journal\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709
\n\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u8bfb\u9996\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u65b0\u95fb\u3002
\n\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u520a\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\u6742\u5fd7\uff08Forbes\uff1b\u3000Business\u3000Week\uff1b
\nand\u3000Fortune\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u5c31\u65b0\u95fb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c
\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u65e5\u62a5\uff08Journal\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u520a\u6742\u5fd7\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1
\n\u5c55\u7684\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u3000\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u4f17\u591a\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u9ad8\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8bfb\u8005\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0e
\n\u5206\u6790\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08Advertising\u3000Age\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6742\u5fd7\u90fd\u504f
\n\u7231\u91d1\u878d\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u544a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5219\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u9500\u552e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5546\u4e1a\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5e7f
\n\u544a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5c55\u671b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ea7\u54c1
\n\u90fd\u5728\u6b64\u520a\u767b\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u662f\u7ade\u4e89\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5c1a\u597d\u6765\u6e90\u3002
\n\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\/\u5730\u65b9\u5546\u4e1a\u65e5\u62a5\uff08Local\u3000Paper\/Local\u3000Business
\nJournals\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5546\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u5f53\u4f17\u8bb2\u6f14\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n1\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u3002
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3002
\n2\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\n\u4f60\u80fd\u8bb2\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\u5417\uff1f
\n3\u3002\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\u3002
\n\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u597d\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\n\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5e94\u9610\u660e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6fc0\u53d1\u5174\u8da3\u3002
\nKISS\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u6301\u3000\uff08Keep\uff09\uff0c\u3000\u8bb2\u6f14\u3000\uff08It\uff1b\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5904\u6307Public\u3000Speaking
\n\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u77ed\uff08Short\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u660e\uff08Simple\uff09\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n1\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u3002
\n\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u667a\u8c0b\u3002
\n2\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u3002
\n\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u667a\u8c0b\u3002
\n\u5f53\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u613f\u671b\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6c14\u6c1b\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u683c\u4e3a
\n\u7406\u7531\u6b3a\u9a97\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u8981\u4e48\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f60\u5904\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u52aa\u529b
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8865\u507f\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77ed\u5904\u3002
\n3\u3002\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\n4\u3002\u63d0\u524d\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u5e95\u9650\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u8981\u9677\u5165\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u201c\u83b7\u53d6\u80dc\u5229\u201d\u7684\u9669\u5883\u3002
\n5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u540e\u53ca\u65f6\u603b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u83b7\u53d6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002
\n\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u5e94\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8fdb\uff1f\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5bf9\u624b\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0
\n\u4e48\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b\u56fd\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u8bfe\u7a0b
\n1\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4e1c\u9053\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5047
\n\u8bbe\u4e1c\u9053\u3000\u4e3b\u4f1a\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002
\n2\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u4e1c\u9053\u4e3b\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u6743
\n\u529b\u3002
\n3\u3002\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u4e1c\u9053\u4e3b\u3002
\n4\u3002\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u5176\u8de8\u8d8a\u56fd\u754c\u4f20\u9001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e76\u907f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u83b7
\n\u5f97\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u3002
\n5\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u6295\u8d44\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u8861\u91cf\u56fd\u9645\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u56de\u6536\u4e5f\u5e94\u662f\u957f
\n\u671f\u7684\u3002
\n6\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e1c\u9053\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u5f88\u96be\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d
\n\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002
\n7\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5546\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u5546\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f59\u5730
\n\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u4f60\u52a1\u5fc5\u81ea\u5f8b\uff01\u9644\uff1a
\n1997\u3000\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u65b0\u95fb\u5468\u520a\u300b\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u6700\u65b0\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b
\n\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003\u3002
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000Pennsylvania\u3000\uff08Wharton\uff09
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000Michigan
\nNorthwestern\u3000University\u3000\uff08Kellogg\uff09
\nHarvard\u3000University
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000Virginia\u3000\uff08Darden\uff09
\nColumbia\u3000University
\nStanford\u3000University
\nThe\u3000University\u3000of\u3000Chicago
\nMassachusetts\u3000Institute\u3000of\u3000Technology\u3000\uff08MIT\uff1b\u3000Sloan\uff09
\nDartmouth\u3000College\u3000\uff08Amos\u3000Tuck\uff09
\nDuke\u3000University\u3000\uff08Fuqua\uff09
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000California\uff1b\u3000Los\u3000Angeles\u3000\uff08Anderson\uff09
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000California\u3000at\u3000Berkeley\u3000\uff08Haas\uff09
\nNew\u3000York\u3000University\u3000\uff08Stern\uff09
\nIndiana\u3000University
\nWashington\u3000University\u3000\uff08Olin\uff09
\nCarnegie\u3000Mellon\u3000University
\nCornell\u3000University\u3000\uff08Johnson\uff09
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000North\u3000Carolina\u3000at\u3000Chapel\u3000Hill\u3000\uff08Kenan
\nFlagler\uff09
\nUniversity\u3000of\u3000Texas\u3000at\u3000Austin\u56db\u3001\u6587\u732e\u76ee\u5f55
\nBIBLIOGRAPHY
\nDAY\u30001\uff1a\u3000MARKETING
\nAssael\uff1b\u3000Henry\u3002\u3000Consumer\u3000Behavior\u3000Marketing\u3000Action\u3002
\nBoston\uff1a\u3000Kent\u3000Publishing\uff1b\u30001981\uff1b\u3000p\u3002471\u3000\uff08paper\u3000towel
\nperceptual\u3000mapping\uff09\u3002
\n\u3003The\u3000Deal\u3000Maker\u3002\u3003\u3000U\u3002S\u3002\u3000News\u3000World\u3000Report\uff1b\u3000February\u30008\uff1b
\n1998\uff1b\u3000p\u300278\u3000\uff08Ralph\u3000Lauren\uff09\u3002
\nKoselka\uff1b\u3000Rita\u3002\u3000\u3003How\u3000to\u3000Print\u3000Money\u3002\u3003\u3000Forbes\uff1b\u3000December
\n24\uff1b\u30001990\uff1bp\u3002118\u3000\uff08Vlassis\uff09\u3002
\nKotler\uff1b\u3000Philip\u3000\uff08Northwestern\uff09\u3002\u3000Marketing\u3000Management
\nAnalysis\uff1b\u3000Planning\u3000and\u3000Control\u3002\u3000Englewood\u3000Cliffs\uff1b\u3000N\u3002J\u3002\uff1a
\nPrentice\u3000\u2026\u3000Hall\uff1b\u30001984\u3002
\nMaxwell\uff1b\u3000John\u3000C\u3002\uff1b\u3000Jr\u3002\u3000\u3003Coffee\u3000Sales\u3000Climb\u3000in\u3000’89\u3002\u3003
\nAdvertising\u3000Age\uff1b\u3000April\u300016\uff1b\u30001990\uff1b\u3000p\u300264\u3000\uff08coffee\u3000market
\nshares\uff09\u3002
\nMorgensen\uff1b\u3000Gretchen\u3002\u3000\u3003The\u3000Trend\u3000Is\u3000Not\u3000Their\u3000Friend\u3002\u3003
\nForbes\uff1b\u3000September\u300016\uff1b\u30001991\uff1b\u3000P\u3002118\u3000\uff08brand\u3000extensions\uff09\u3002
\nNewton\uff1b\u3000Derek\u3000A\u3002\u3000Sales\u3000Force\u3000Management\uff1a\u3000Text\u3000and\u3000Cases\u3002
\nBoston\uff1a\u3000Irwin\uff1b\u30001990\uff1b\u3000pp\u30027\u20269\u3000\uff08salesman\u3000historical\u3000periods\uff09\u3002
\nPaley\uff1b\u3000Norton\u3002\u3000Manager’s\u3000Guide\u3000to\u3000petitive\u3000Marketing
\nStrategies\u3002\u3000New\u3000York\uff1a\u3000American\u3000Marketing\u3000Association\uff1b\u30001989\uff1b
\npp\u3002\u300018\u202619\u3000\uff08Xerox\uff09\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002\u300046\u202647\u3000\uff08segmentation\u3000selection\uff09\u3002
\nSchifrin\uff1b\u3000Matthew\u3002\u3000\u3003Mom’s\u3000Cooking\u3000Was\u3000Never\u3000Like\u3000This\u3002\u3003
\nForbes\uff1b\u3000August\u300019\uff1b\u30001991\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002\u300050\uff1b\u300054\u3000\uff08premium\u3000dog\u3000food
\nsales\uff09\u3002
\nSilbiger\uff1b\u3000Steven\u3002\u3000\u3003Study\u3000of\u3000the\u3000General\u3000and\u3000Gourmet
\nCoffee\u3000Markets\u3002\u3003\u3000Sponsored\u3000by\u3000Westway\u3000Merkuria\uff1b\u3000Inc\u3002\uff1b
\nEnglewoodCliffs\uff1b\u3000N\u3002J\u3002\uff1b\u3000July\u30001989\u3002
\n\u2014\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Mark\u3000Parry\u3002\u3000\u3003Cafe\u3000Blason\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026M\u2026369\uff1b
\ncopyright\u3000\u00f31990\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School
\nFoundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nWilloughby\uff1b\u3000Jack\u3002\u3000\u3003The\u3000Last\u3000Iceman\u3002\u3003\u3000Forbes\uff1b\u3000July\u300013\uff1b
\n1987\uff1b\u3000p\u3002196\u3000\uff08vacuum\u3000tubes\uff09\u3002
\nDAY\u30002\uff1a\u3000ETHICSFreeman\uff1b\u3000R\u3002Edward\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Daniel\u3000R\u3002\u3000Gilbert\uff1b\u3000Jr\u3002\u3000\u3003The
\nProblem\u3000of\u3000Relativism\uff1a\u3000When\u3000in\u3000Rome\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3003\u3000Chapter\u30002\uff1b
\nCorporate\u3000Strategy\u3000and\u3000the\u3000Search\u3000for\u3000Ethics\u3002\u3000Englewood
\nCliffs\uff1b\u3000N\u3002J\u3002\uff1a\u3000Prentice\u2026Hall\uff1b\u30001988\uff1b\u3000pp\u300224\u202641\u3002\u3000Adapted\u3000by
\npermission\u3000of\u3000Prentice\u3000Hall\u3002
\nFriedman\uff1b\u3000Milton\u3000\uff08Chicago\uff09\u3002\u3000\u3003The\u3000Social\u3000Responsibility
\nIs\u3000to\u3000Increase\u3000Profits\u3002\u3003\u3000The\u3000New\u3000York\u3000Times\uff1b\u3000September\u300013\uff1b
\n1970\u3002
\nDAY\u30003\uff1a\u3000ACCOUNTING
\nStern\uff1b\u3000Richard\u3000I\u3002\u3000\u3003McDonnell\u3000Douglas’\u3000Make\u2026or\u2026Break
\nYear\u3002\u3003\u3000Forbes\uff1b\u3000January\u30007\uff1b\u30001991\uff1b\u3000p\u300237\u3000\uff08McDonnell\u3000Douglas
\nine\u3000statement\uff09\u3002
\nDAY\u30004\uff1a\u3000ORGANIZATIONAL\u3000BEHAVIOR
\n\u3003Active\u3000Listening\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026OB\u2026341\uff1b\u3000copyright\u3000\u00f31986
\nby\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b
\nCharlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nBeer\uff1b\u3000Michael\u3002\u3000\u3003Note\u3000on\u3000Performance\u3000Appraisal\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case
\n478\u2026019\uff1b\u3000College\uff1b\u3000copyright\u30001977\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and
\nFellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002
\nByrne\uff1b\u3000John\u3000A\u3002\u3000\u3003Business\u3000Fads\uff1a\u3000What’s\u3000In\u2026and\u3000Out\u3002\u3003
\nBusiness\u3000Week\uff1b\u3000January\u300020\uff1b\u30001986\uff1b\u3000p\u300255\u3000\uff08MBA\u3000buzzwords\uff09\u3002
\nEdwards\uff1b\u3000Jeffrey\u3000R\u3002\u3000\u3003Assessing\u3000Your\u3000Behavior\u3000Pattern\uff1b\u3003
\nCase\u3000UVAOB\u2026360\uff1b\u3000copyright\u3000\u00f3\u30001987\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate
\nBusiness\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\uff1b
\np\u30023\u3000\uff08Types\u3000A\u3000and\u3000B\uff09\u3002
\nFrench\uff1b\u3000John\u3000R\u3002\u3000P\u3002\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Bertram\u3000Raven\u3002\u3000\u3003The\u3000Bases\u3000of
\nSocial\u3000Power\uff1b\u3003\u3000Group\u3000Dynamics\uff1b\u3000ed\u3002\u3000Darwin\u3000Cartwright\u3002
\nEvanston\uff1b\u3000Il\u3002\uff1a\u3000Row\uff1b\u3000Peterson\uff1b\u30001960\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002607\u2026623\u3000\uff08power\uff09\u3002
\nGabarro\uff1b\u3000John\u3000J\u3002\uff1b\u3000and\u3000John\u3000P\u3002\u3000Kotter\u3002\u3000\u3003Managing\u3000Your
\nBoss\u3002\u3003\u3000Harvard\u3000Business\u3000Review\uff1b\u3000Vol\u3002\u300057\uff1b\u3000No\u3002\u3000\u30001
\n\uff08January\/February\u30001980\uff09\uff1b\u3000pp\u300292\u2026100\u3002\u3000Copyright\u3000\u00f31980\u3000by
\nthe\u3000President\u3000and\u3000Fellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights
\nreserved\u3002
\nHackman\uff1b\u3000J\u3002\u3000Richard\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Greg\u3000R\u3002\u3000Oldham\u3002\u3000\u3003Development
\nof\u3000Job\u3000Diagnostic\u3000Surveys\u3002\u3003\u3000Fournal\u3000of\u3000Applied\u3000Psychology\uff1b
\nVol\u3002\u300060\uff1b\u30001975\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002159\u2026170\u3002Hogan\uff1b\u3000Eileen\u3000A\u3002\u3000\u3003One\u3000Model\u3000for\u3000Action\u3000Planning\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case
\nUVAOB\u2026261R\u3002\u3000Copyright\u3000\u3000\u00f31983\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate
\nBusiness\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nKepner\uff1b\u3000Charles\u3000H\u3002\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Benjamin\u3000B\u3002\u3000Tregoe\u3002\u3000The\u3000Rational
\nManager\uff1a\u3000A\u3000Systematic\u3000Approach\u3000to\u3000Problem\u3000Solving\u3000and
\nDecision\u3000Making\u3002\u3000New\u3000York\uff1a\u3000McGraw\u2026Hill\uff1b\u30001965\uff1b\u3000p\u300255
\n\uff08deviations\uff1b\u3000want\u3000got\u3000gaps\uff09\u3002
\nKotter\uff1b\u3000John\u3000P\u3002\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Leonard\u3000A\u3002\u3000Schlesinger\u3002\u3000\u3003Choosing
\nStrategies\u3000for\u3000Change\u3002\u3003\u3000Harvard\u3000Business\u3000Review\uff1b\u3000Vol\u3002\u300057\uff1b
\nNo\u30022\u3000\uff08March\/April\u30001980\uff09\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002106\u2026144\u3002\u3000Copyright\u3000\u00f31980\u3000by
\nthe\u3000President\u3000and\u3000Fellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights
\nreserved\u3000\uff08strategies\u3000for\u3000change\uff09\u3002
\nLevine\uff1b\u3000Joshua\u3002\u3000\u3003Dare\u3000e\u3000togliere\u3000\uff08give\u3000and\u3000tade\u3000away\uff09\u3002\u3003
\nForbes\uff1b\u3000October\u300028\uff1b\u30001991\uff1b\u3000p\u3002115\u3000\uff08Armani\uff09\u3002Tannenbaum\uff1b
\nRobert\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Warren\u3000H\u3002\u3000Schmidt\u3002\u3000\u3003How\u3000to\u3000Choose\u3000a\u3000Leadership
\nPattern\u3002\u3003\u3000Harvard\u3000Business\u3000Review\uff1b\u3000Vol\u3002\u300051\uff1b\u3000No\u3002\u30003\uff08May\/June
\n1973\uff09\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002\u3000162\u2026173\u3002\u3000Copyright\u00f3\u30001973\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and
\nFellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all \n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n 1973\uff09\uff1b\u3000pp\u3002\u3000162\u2026173\u3002\u3000Copyright\u00f3\u30001973\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and
\nFellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002
\nZierden\uff1b\u3000William\u3000E\u3002\u3000\u3003A\u3000Framework\u3000for\u3000Understanding
\nOrganizations\uff1b\u3003\u3000Darden\u3000School\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026OB\u2026187\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3
\n1982\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b
\nCharlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3000\uff08the\u3000basic\u3000organization\u3000model\uff09\u3002
\nDAY\u30005\uff1a\u3000QUANTITATIVE\u3000ANALYSIS
\n\u3003Cash\u3000Flow\u3000and\u3000the\u3000Time\u3000Value\u3000of\u3000Money\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u30009\u2026177\u2026
\n012\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001976\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and\u3000Fellows\u3000of
\nHarvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002
\nFrey\uff1b\u3000Sherwood\u3000C\u3002\u3000\u3003Assessment\u3000and\u3000Use\u3000of\u3000Probability
\nDistributions\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026Q\u2026294\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001983\u3000by\u3000the
\nDarden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b
\nCharlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\n\u2014\u3002\u3000\u3003Probability\u3000Assessment\u3000with\u3000the\u3000Aid\u3000of\u3000Historical
\nData\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026Q\u2026288\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001983\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden
\nGraduate\u3000Business\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b
\nVirginia\u3002
\n\u3003An\u3000Introduction\u3000to\u3000Decision\u3000Analysis\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000181\u2026046\uff1b
\ncopyright\u00f3\u30001980\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and\u3000Fellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard
\nCollege\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002\u3003Notes\u3000on\u3000Decision\u3000Diagrams\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u30009\u2026171\u2026035\uff1b
\ncopyright\u00f3\u30001970\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and\u3000Fellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard
\nCollege\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002
\nOksman\uff1b\u3000Warren\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Sherwood\u3000C\u3002\u3000Frey\u3002\u3000\u3003Introduction\u3000to
\nAnalytical\u3000Probability\u3000Distributions\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026Q\u2026205\uff1b
\ncopyright\u00f3\u30001980\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School
\nFoundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nPfeifer\uff1b\u3000Phillip\u3000E\u3002\u3000\u3003Forecasting\u3000Using\u3000Data\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case
\nUVA\u2026QA\u2026381\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001988\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate
\nBusiness\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nQue\u3000Corporation\uff1b\u3000Using\u30001\u20262\u20263\uff1b\u3000Carmel\uff1b\u3000Ind\u3002\uff1a\u3000Que
\nCorporation\uff1b\u30001987\uff1b\u3000p\u3002514\u3000\uff08regression\uff09\u3002
\nDAY\u30006\uff1a\u3000FINANCE
\nCooper\uff1b\u3000Carol\u3002\u3000\u3003The\u3000Forbes\u3000500\u3002\u3003\u3000Forbes\uff1b\u3000April\u300027\uff1b\u30001992\uff1b
\np\u3002\u3000193\u3000\uff08Chemical\u3000Bank\u3000layoffs\uff09\u3002
\nDreman\uff1b\u3000David\u3002\u3000\u3003Bye\u2026bye\u3000to\u3000Beta\u3002\u3003\u3000Forbes\uff1b\u3000March\u300030\uff1b\u30001992\uff1b
\np\u3002\u3000148\u3000\uff08beta\uff09\u3002
\n\u3003Japanese\u3000Firms\u3000Pull\u3000Southland\u3000Corp\u3002\u3000from\u3000Chapter\u300011\u3002\u3003
\nLos\u3000Angeles\u3000Times\uff1b\u3000March\u30006\uff1b\u30001991\uff1b\u3000p\u3002D2\u3000\uff08Ito\u2026Yokado\u3000Group
\nbuys\u30007\u2026Eleven\uff09\u3002
\nRoss\uff1b\u3000Stephen\u3000A\u3002\u3000\uff08Yale\uff09\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Randolph\u3000W\u3002\u3000Westerfield
\n\uff08Wharton\uff09\u3002\u3000Corporate\u3000Finance\u3002\u3000St\u3002\u3000Louis\uff1a\u3000Times
\nMirror\/Mosby\u3000College\u3000Publishing\uff1b\u30001988\u3002
\nThe\u3000Value\u3000Line\u3000Survey\u3002\u3000\u3003Caterpillar\u3000Inc\u3002\u3003\u3000May\u300015\uff1b\u30001992\uff1b
\np\u3002\u30001346\u3002
\nDAY\uff1a\u30007\u3000OPERATIONS
\nByrne\uff1b\u3000John\u3000A\u3002\u3000\u3003Business\u3000Fads\uff1a\u3000What’s\u3000In\u2026and\u3000Out\u3002\u3003
\nBusiness\u3000Week\uff1b\u3000January\u300020\uff1b\u30001986\uff1b\u3000p\u300254\u3000\uff08CPM\uff09\u3002
\n\u3003Constructing\u3000and\u3000Using\u3000Process\u3000Control\u3000Charts\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case
\n9\u2026686\u2026118\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001986\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President\u3000and\u3000Fellows
\nof\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3000\uff08SPC\uff09\u3002
\nDavis\uff1b\u3000Edward\u3000W\u3002\u3000\u3003Material\u3000Requirements\u3000Planning\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case
\nUVAOM\u2026279\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001980\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business
\nSchool\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nFreeland\uff1b\u3000James\u3000R\u3002\u3000\u3003Managing\u3000Inventories\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026
\nOM\u2026623\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001987\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000BusinessSchool\u3000Foundation\uff1b\u3000Charlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3002
\nLandel\uff1b\u3000Robert\u3000D\u3002\u3000Managing\u3000Productivity\u3000Through\u3000People\uff1a
\nAn\u3000Operations\u3000Perspective\uff1b\u3000Chapter\u30003\u3002\u3000Englewood\u3000Cliffs\uff1b
\nN\u3002J\u3002\uff1a\u3000Prentice\u3000\u2026\u3000Hall\uff1b\u30001986\uff1b\u3000and\u3000Case\u3000UVA\u2026OM\u2026528\uff1b\u3000copyright
\n\u00f31984\u3000by\u3000the\u3000Darden\u3000Graduate\u3000Business\u3000School\u3000Foundation\uff1b
\nCharlottesville\uff1b\u3000Virginia\u3000\uff08queuing\u3000theory\uff09\u3002
\n\u3003A\u3000Note\u3000on\u3000Quality\uff1a\u3000The\u3000Views\u3000of\u3000Deming\uff1b\u3000Juran\u3000and
\nCrosby\uff1b\u3003\u3000Case\u30009\u2026678\u2026011\uff1b\u3000copyright\u00f3\u30001986\u3000by\u3000the\u3000President
\nand\u3000Fellows\u3000of\u3000Harvard\u3000College\uff1b\u3000all\u3000rights\u3000reserved\u3002
\nSavage\uff1b\u3000Sam\u3000L\u3002\u3000The\u3000ABC’S\u3000of\u3000Optimization\u3000Using\u3000What’s
\nBest\uff01\u3000Oakland\uff1b\u3000Calif\u3002\uff1a\u3000Holden\u2026Day\uff1b\u3000Inc\u3002\uff1b\u30001986\uff1b\u3000p\u3002\u3000I\u202617
\n\uff08linear\u3000programming\u3000example\uff09\u3002
\nSmitka\uff1b\u3000Michael\u3000J\u3002\u3000petitive\u3000Ties\uff1a\u3000Subcontracting\u3000in
\nthe\u3000Japanese\u3000Automotive\u3000Industry\u3002\u3000New\u3000York\uff1a\u3000Columbia
\nUniversity\u3000Press\uff1b\u30001991\uff1b\u3000p\u3002\u3000145\u3000\uff08JIT\u3000in\u3000Japan\uff09\u3002
\nDAY\u30008\uff1a\u3000ECONOMICS
\nBaldwin\uff1b\u3000William\u3002\u3000\u3003Creative\u3000Destruction\u3002\u3003\u3000Forbes\uff1b\u3000July
\n13\uff1b\u30001987\uff1b\u3000p\u300249\u3000\uff08Schumpeter\uff09\u3002
\nBanks\uff1b\u3000Howard\u3002\u3000\u3003The\u3000World’s\u3000Most\u3000petitive\u3000Economy\u3002\u3003
\nForbes\uff1b\u3000March\u300030\uff1b\u30001992\uff1b\u3000pp\u300284\uff1b\u300085\u3000\uff08U\u3002S\u3002\u3000trade\u3000deficits\u3000and
\nproductivity\uff09\u3002
\nCountry\u3000Profiles\u30001991\u20261992\uff1b\u3000United\u3000States\u3000and\u3000Lebanon\u3002
\nThe\u3000Economic\u3000Intelligence\u3000Unit\uff1b\u3000London\u3000\uff08economic
\nstatistics\uff09\u3002
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