{"id":24074,"date":"2025-04-24T00:26:29","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T16:26:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.7colors.vip\/?p=24074"},"modified":"2025-04-24T00:26:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T16:26:29","slug":"%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e5%90%8d%e4%ba%ba%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e8%a7%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.7colors.vip\/?p=24074","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u540d\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u89c2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u3000<br \/>\n\u7ae0\u529b\u751f<br \/>\n\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u5c01\u9762\u4eba\u7269\uff08\u56fe\u6587\uff09<br \/>\n\u201c\u771f\u7406\u6597\u58eb\u201d\u7ae0\u529b\u751f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\uff1f\u30001\u3002\u3000\u963f\u4f3d\u897f\uff08Agasiz\uff1bJean\u3000Louis\uff09\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5148\u751f\u65e9\u5c81\u8d1f\u7b08\u6caa\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5fd7\u4e8e\u6cd5\u653f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6551\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\u820d\u6b64\u672b\u7531\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4efb\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u4e3a\u6700\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e4b\u6559\u6388\u3002\u7ee7\u5f80\u6b27\u6d32\u6df1\u9020\uff0c\u5165\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u6cd5\u653f\uff0c\u5e76\u8d74\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u3001\u5251\u6865\u3001\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u53ca\u6bd4\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u535a\u8bbf\u5468\u8c18\uff0c\u6c42\u5174\u90a6\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u8fd4\u56fd\uff0c\u4efb\u56fd\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u66a8\u5357\u7b49\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u9662\u957f\u3002\u6cca\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u8d77\uff0c\u88ab\u5f81\u53ec\uff0c\u4efb\u515a\u3001\u653f\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u7b49\u8981\u804c\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u653f\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u4e3a\u653f\u7565\u5bb6\u3002\u6218\u540e\u81ba\u9009\u56fd\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4fa8\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u526f\u59d4\u5458\u957f\u3002<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5148\u751f\u5728\u4e16\u5bc4\u5c45\u4e5d\u5341\u53c1\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u5143\u6708\u5341\u4e5d\u65e5\u5b89\u606f\u4e3b\u6000\u3002\u4f46\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4fe1\u4ecd\u65e7\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d\uff08\u6765\u5341\u4e00\uff1a4\uff09\u6c38\u5782\u540e\u4e16\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ae0\u529b\u751f\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u516b\u5377\uff09\u3002\u5ba3\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\u20261991\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u603b\u4f53\u8fa9\u9053\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u56db\u5377\uff09\u3002\u5929\u9053\u4e66\u697c\uff0c1982\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u5224\u300b\u3002\u5ba3\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08\u521d\u7248\uff09\uff0c1968\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1b\u57fa\u9053\u4e66\u697c\uff08\u589e\u8ba2\u7248\uff09\uff0c1985\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u672c\u571f\u795e\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u300b\u3002\u57fa\u9053\u4e66\u697c\uff0c1984\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u540d\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u300b\u3002\u8bc1\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1961\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u5b59\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u795e\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u300b\u3002\u5723\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1971\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u5ba3\u9053\u6218\u7565\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff09\u3002\u5ba3\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1972\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5ba3\u9053\u6218\u7565\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fe1\u5f92\u5e03\u9053\u4f1a\uff0c1981\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6c38\u751f\u4e4b\u9053\u300b\u3002\u5723\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1971\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u7acb\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\u300b\u3002\u5723\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1971\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u9053\u300b\u3002\u6668\u661f\u4e66\u5c4b\uff0c1968\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6551\u4e16\u4e4b\u9053\u300b\u3002\u6668\u661f\u4e66\u5c4b\uff0c1968\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u300a\u539f\u9053\u300b\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\uff0c1960\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u963f\u4f3d\u897f\uff08Agasiz\uff1bJean\u3000Louis\u30001807\u20261873\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u4f3d\u897f\u539f\u7c4d\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u5f52\u5316\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6700\u8d1f\u65f6\u671b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u6570\u7684\u6700\u8457\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u535a\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u590d\u6709\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u521b\u89c1\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9887\u5f97\u529b\u4e8e\u6c0f\u4e4b\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0e\u64d8\u5212\u3002\u963f\u6c0f\u4e3a\u4eba\u8c26\u5351\u548c\u853c\uff0c\u5faa\u5faa\u5584\u8bf1\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u5b66\u5b50\u7231\u6234\u3002\u7ec8\u8eab\u6cbb\u5b66\uff0c\u597d\u5b66\u4e0d\u5026\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u4e34\u7ec8\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u516c\u8ba4\uff1a\u201c\u963f\u6c0f\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e00\u4e16\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u6b7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u9752\u5e74\u8fd8\u8981\u671d\u6c14\u9510\u8fdb\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u963f\u6c0f\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8868\u8d5e\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u8bf8\u795e\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u6b21\u6388\u8bfe\uff0c\u5fc5\u5631\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5176\u540c\u5fc3\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u6c42\u795e\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u751f\u5f92\u5bf9\u5176\u4e8b\u795e\u7684\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u8bda\uff0c\u5747\u6781\u656c\u4f69\u3002\u6c0f\u590d\u6df1\u6076\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u4f5c\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u7565\u8c13\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u6bd4\u6211\u5728\u6559\u5802\u91cc\u66f4\u89c9\u8bda\u60f6\u8bda\u6050\uff08Vexed\u3000at\u3000improoriety\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u4fbf\u662f\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e60\u7109\u4e0d\u5bdf\uff0c\u6389\u4ee5\u8f7b\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u90fd\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5927\u80fd\u5927\u667a\u5947\u5999\u7684\u9020\u5316\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u53f7\u79d1\u5b66\u6708\u62a5\uff0cThe\u3000Scientific\u3000Monthly\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u963f\u6c0f\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8bb2\u6f14\uff0c\u66fe\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u90a3\u79cd\u4ece\u4e0b\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u8c2c\u8bba\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u52a8\u7269\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u53d1\u89c9\u5176\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9020\u7269\u4e43\u6709\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u667a\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u963f\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u300a\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Nethods\u3000of\u3000Study\u3000in\u3000Natural\u3000Hiatory\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u6797\u5948\u6c0f\uff08Karl\u3000von\u3000Linnaeus\u30001707\u20261778\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u745e\u5178\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6797\u5948\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u690d\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u72ec\u5230\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u751a\u5927\uff1b\u8457\u6709\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08Systema\u3000Naturae\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u901a\u8bba\uff08Fundanenta\u3000Botanica\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u690d\u7269\u54f2\u5b66\uff08Philosophia\u3000Botanica\uff09\u7b49\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6797\u6c0f\u5c24\u4ee5\u690d\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u8457\u540d\u3002\u6797\u6c0f\u5206\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e3a\u52a8\u3001\u690d\u3001\u77ff\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1b\u518d\u5206\u4e3a\u7eb2\u3001\u76ee\u3001\u79cd\u3001\u5c5e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e09\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u745e\u5178\u5317\u90e8\u5c71\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u96c6\u6807\u672c\uff1b\u8dcb\u6d89\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u8270\u9669\uff0c\u65cb\u53c8\u8d74\u82f1\u6cd5\u7b49\u56fd\u3002\u8003\u5bdf\u690d\u7269\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e09\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u7406\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u88ab\u63a8\u4e3a\u6821\u957f\uff1b\u4e00\u4e03\u56db\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u590d\u517c\u4e4c\u5e03\u8428\u62c9\u5927\u5b66\u6837\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6155\u540d\u6765\u89c2\uff0c\u671b\u91cd\u58eb\u6797\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6797\u6c0f\u656c\u754f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ece\u4e00\u4ef6\u5c0f\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u67d0\u65e5\u51fa\u95e8\u6563\u6b65\uff0c\u5076\u89c1\u4e00\u82b1\uff0c\u9c9c\u8273\u593a\u76ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u611f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u82b1\u88c5\u9970\u4e86\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u523b\u8dea\u4e0b\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u9020\u7269\u6069\u4e3b\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u96f7\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08John\u3000Ray\u30001628\u20261705\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5927\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u96f7\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff0c\u5728\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u96f7\u6c0f\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u4e16\u7684\u667a\u6167\u300b\uff08Wisdom\u3000lf\u3000God\u3000as\u3000manifested\u3000in\u3000The\u3000World\u3000of\u3000Creation\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u725b\u6c0f\u4e43\u4e3a\u4e00\u8654\u8bda\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f5c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff1b\u636e\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u8bb0\u8f7d?        <!-- \/wp:post-content --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5a01\u5ec9\uff1f\u60e0\u65af\u987f\u4e43\u662f\u63a5\u66ff\u725b\u987f\u5145\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u5730\u7403\u8bba\u300b\uff08The\u3000Theory\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Earth\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u81ea\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4f55\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u542f\u793a\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc1\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u7565\u8c13\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5723\u7ecf\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6700\u53e4\u7684\u548c\u6700\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e4b\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u516d\u767e\u5341\u4e03\u4eba\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9664\u4e8c\u5341\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u5747\u5c5e\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6770\u51fa\u4e4b\u58eb\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u72b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u535a\u5fb7\u4f26\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08Bodleian\u3000Library\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u65e8\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4f59\u7b49\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7b7e\u540d\u53d1\u5e03\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u82e5\u5e72\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a2\u6c42\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6000\u7591\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u771f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff1b\u543e\u4eba\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6df1\u89c9\u9057\u61be\uff01<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5199\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5199\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u7262\u8bb0\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u81fb\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5c1a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u529b\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5bf9\u7740\u955c\u5b50\u89c2\u770b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f92\u51ed\u5176\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e4b\u75db\u60dc\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u9610\u660e\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u5018\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u6240\u62b5\u89e6\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u66f2\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f7b\u7387\u6b66\u65ad\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u5e94\u6301\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e73\u5fc3\u9759\u6c14\uff0c\u542c\u795e\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u786e\u4fe1\u4e8c\u8005\u5fc5\u7136\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u504f\u6267\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u6709\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u5206\u6b67\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u3000\u5e15\u65af\u5361\uff08Blaise\u3000Pascal\u30001623\u20261662\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u65e9\u6167\uff0c\u5e74\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u5373\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u6709\u5173\u6295\u5f71\u51e0\u4f55\u4e4b\u540d\u8457\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u53c8\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u660e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u6674\u96e8\u8868\uff0c\u6c34\u538b\u673a\uff0c\u9a73\u65a5\u4ee5\u5f80\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u8c2c\u89c1\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e4b\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u521d\u672a\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u7075\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u5c24\u4e0d\u514b\u4ee4\u5176\u4e86\u609f\u4eba\u751f\u4e4b\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u4ee5\u662f\u75db\u82e6\u70e6\u607c\uff0c\u65e0\u4ee5\u81ea\u9063\uff1b\u5c24\u611f\u4eba\u82e5\u79bb\u795e\uff0c\u5176\u5883\u6b8a\u60e8\uff0c\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u65e0\u7531\u4ee4\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc6\u771f\u795e\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e0d\u80fd\u507f\u5176\u613f\uff0c\u800c\u6170\u5176\u5fc3\uff1b\u5931\u671b\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u9042\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u67d0\u5915\u5c55\u8bf5\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\uff0c\u795e\u5ffd\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u6469\u897f\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u8346\u68d8\u4e2d\u4e4b\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u5176\u5ba4\uff1b\u4e0a\u95fb\u4e3b\u58f0\uff0c\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6492\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u975e\u54f2\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u975e\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e15\u6c0f\u5373\u53cc\u819d\u8dea\u8dea\u62dc\uff0c\u4fef\u4f0f\u4e3b\u524d\uff0c\u613f\u732e\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6709\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u6089\u5f03\u5176\u9a84\u6c14\u4e0e\u6deb\u5fd7\uff0c\u8c26\u6339\u81ea\u5351\uff0c\u5224\u82e5\u4e24\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e86\u609f\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5341\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4e88\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u9042\u8457\u300a\u6c89\u601d\u96c6\u300b\uff08Ponsees\uff09\u89c1\u8bc1\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\u3002\u3000\u4e07\u5c3c\u74e6\u5c14\uff08Dr\u3002Vannevar\u3000Bush\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5d07\u62dc\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u8c13\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u6709\u5176\u65e0\u7a77\u4e4b\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e07\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u964d\u53ca\u4eca\u4e16\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6c14\u7130\uff0c\u66f4\u5f62\u7316\u7357\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5938\u8000\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u8bf4\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u548c\u201c\u592a\u7a7a\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4ed7\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u660e\u548c\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bc1\u706d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4fb5\u5165\u6708\u7403\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e86\u5929\u4e4b\u9a84\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8d85\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u96be\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4f46\u201c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5b87\u5b99\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60ca\u65b0\u4e4b\u58eb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5df2\u56e0\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u843d\u4f0d\u9648\u8150\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1b\u4ece\u800c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u65b0\u6311\u6218\uff01<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e07\u6c0f\u590d\u8fdb\u4e00\u5c42\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u65e5\u8d8b\u6096\u8c2c\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u5b87\u5b99\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u62d4\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e24\u5927\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u201d\uff08Peality\uff09\u2014\u2014\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u832b\u7136\u3002\u8ff7\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e3a\u6b62\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5230\u5e95\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u7a76\u5c06\u5f80\u4f55\u5904\u53bb\uff0c\u5219\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f6e\u7b54\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u662f\u4ee5\u4e07\u6c0f\u5fe0\u544a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8c26\u5351\uff0c\u81ea\u627f\u5176\u6e3a\u5c0f\u548c\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u5eb6\u80fd\u604d\u7136\u5927\u609f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\uff0c\u4e43\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u548c\u6b62\u5883\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e07\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6b32\u660e\u5b87\u5b99\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u51ed\u542f\u793a\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9760\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7406\u667a\u3002\u201d\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\uff08Nicolaus\u3000Copernicus\uff0c1473\u20261543\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6ce2\u5170\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\uff0c\u66fe\u7a77\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u4e4b\u5fc3\u529b\uff08\u81ea\u4e00\u4e94\u25cb\u4e03\uff5e\u4e00\u4e94\u4e09\u25cb\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u300b\uff08De\u3000Revolutionibus\u3000Orbium\u3000Coelestium\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8c13\u592a\u9633\u6052\u9759\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u884c\u661f\uff0c\u4e43\u7ed5\u4e4b\u800c\u884c\u3002\u9610\u660e\u56db\u5b63\u4e4b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6625\u79cb\u5206\u70b9\u4e4b\u5c81\u5dee\uff0c\u53ca\u884c\u661f\u4e4b\u9759\u6b62\u4e0e\u9006\u884c\u3002\u628a\u4e3b\u524d\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u6c0f\uff08Pythagoras\uff09\u63e3\u6d4b\u4e4b\u8bba\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff1b\u4ece\u800c\u5960\u5b9a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e16\u4eba\u4ec5\u77e5\u54e5\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u4e4b\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u54e5\u6c0f\u65e9\u5c81\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\uff1b\u4e00\u751f\u60ac\u58f6\u884c\u533b\uff0c\u590d\u4efb\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u656c\u754f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u5723\u9053\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e0a\u5353\u8d8a\u4e4b\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e43\u5f97\u81ea\u771f\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u662f\u53ef\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u521d\u975e\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4eca\u4e4b\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u521d\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4fbf\u66f0\u65e0\u795e\uff1b\u800c\u8d8b\u65f6\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u8bef\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\uff1b\u89c2\u54e5\u6c0f\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e94\u77e5\u61ac\u609f\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5723\u7ecf\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5168\u5907\uff0c\u80fd\u82cf\u9192\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u611a\u4eba\u6709\u667a\u6167\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8bd719\uff1a1\uff09\uff1b\u53c8\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u656c\u754f\u8036\u548c\u534e\uff0c\u662f\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u51e1\u9075\u884c\u7942\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u806a\u660e\u4eba\u3002\u8036\u548c\u534e\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f53\u8d5e\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8bd7112\uff1a10\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u8d6b\u5e0c\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3002John\u3000F\u3002W\u3002Herschel\uff0c1792\u20261871\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u5e0c\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u732e\u4e4b\u5b66\u8005\uff1b\u5bb6\u5b66\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u7236\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08Sir\u3000william\u3000Herschel\u30001738\u20261822\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540e\u8fc1\u5c45\u82f1\u3002\u8d6b\u6c0f\u66fe\u4f4f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u597d\u671b\u89d2\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u89c2\u5bdf\u5357\u90e8\u5929\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9042\u8457\u300a\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u5929\u8c61\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u8d6b\u6c0f\u4e8e\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\uff0c\u4ea6\u591a\u8d21\u732e\uff1b\u53c8\u7cbe\u6cbb\u58f0\u5b66\u548c\u5149\u5b66\u3002\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u4e3a\u300a\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u6c0f\u66fe\u5c31\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u8d8a\u53d1\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u6c0f\u4e00\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u6587\uff0c\u9759\u89c2\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u7a77\u7a76\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff1b\u4ece\u800c\u6168\u7136\u6709\u611f\u66f0\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5468\u884c\u4e0d\u606f\uff1b\u8bda\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5168\u80fd\u81f3\u5c0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u6c0f\u590d\u4e8e\u5176\u8bba\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\uff08Discourse\u3000on\u3000Natural\u3000Philosophy\uff09\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5929\u751f\u5eb6\u6c11\uff0c\u6709\u7269\u6709\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u521b\u9020\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bb0\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5168\u77e5\u5168\u80fd\uff0c\u81f3\u5c0a\u81f3\u5723\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bba\u5230\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u548c\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d6b\u6c0f\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u51e1\u5c5e\u771f\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u3002\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u59a8\u788d\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u6469\u897f\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\uff0c\u4ea6\u65ad\u65e0\u4f24\u4e8e\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u6c0f\u590d\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u8a00\u66f0\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u56db         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u5df4\u514b\u5170\uff08William\u3000Buckland\u30001784\u20261856\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5df4\u514b\u5170\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u8d1f\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc1\u660e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u521b\u9020\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5927\u80fd\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5168\u5907\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u4e0e\u77ff\u7269\u5b66\u300b\uff08Geology\u3000and\u3000Minerology\u3002\u6309\uff1a\u6b64\u4e66\u4e3aBridgewater\u3000Treatise\u3000\u4e1b\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u66fe\u5f97\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5956\u91d1\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u5f53\u63a5\u53d7\u771f\u795e\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u4e0a\u4f5c\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u9610\u660e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4ec6\u5f79\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5df4\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u542f\u793a\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e43\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u8d56\u7231\u5c14\uff08Sir\u3002Charles\u3000Les\u3000Lyell\u30001797\u20261875\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u6566\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u4f1a\u526f\u4f1a\u957f\u8d56\u7231\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u751a\u4e30\uff0c\u5176\u8f83\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u6559\u672c\uff08Manual\u3000of\u3000Elementary\u3000Geology\u3000or\u3000the\u3000Ancient\u3000Changes\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Earth\u3000and\u3000its\u3000Inhabitants\uff09\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff08Principles\u3000of\u3000Gelolgy\uff1b\u3000ir\u3000the\u3000Modern\u3000Changes\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Earth\u3000and\u3000its\u3000Inhabitants\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5c24\u4e3a\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u754c\u516c\u4fe1\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6770\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d56\u6c0f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5185\u5bb9\u5e7f\u535a\uff0c\u5f15\u8bc1\u8be6\u5b9e\uff0c\u53d6\u6750\u5ba1\u614e\uff0c\u6301\u8bba\u516c\u6b63\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5408\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u52a0\u4ee5\u638c\u7ba1\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d56\u6c0f\u5728\u300a\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5730\u7403\u7269\u5386\u53f2\u3000\uff0c\u5b9e\u65e9\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u524d\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\uff1b\u4e00\u5207\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u77ac\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e16\u4e2d\u6700\u77ed\u6781\u6682\u7684\u4e00\u970e\u90a3\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u8d77\u4e8e\u4f55\u65f6\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u7adf\u5927\u5230\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5b66\u95ee\u6240\u80fd\u6d4b\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u5168\u667a\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u8fdc\u89c1\u3001\u667a\u6167\u548c\u5927\u80fd\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u8d6b\u5bcc\u5bc6\u52d2\uff08Hugh\u3000Miller\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6301\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u5bcc\u5bc6\u52d2\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u5b66\u6210\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff1b\u4ed6\u4ece\u91c7\u77f3\u51fa\u8eab\uff1b\u6210\u4e3a\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5c31\u5176\u6587\u7b14\u4e4b\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u8457\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e30\u5bcc\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u53ef\u671b\u5176\u9879\u80cc\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u7ea2\u6c99\u5ca9\u300b\uff08Old\u3000Red\u3000Sandstone\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u98ce\u884c\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u6bb5\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u544a\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8d2a\u7231\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u4eab\u4e50\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4e66\u4e3a\u4e50\u4e8b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u660e\u7684\u826f\u77e5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u5207\u6000\u7591\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u66f4\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u54f2\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5982\u679c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u53d8\u6210\u6700\u51c4\u60e8\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u9c7c\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u722c\u884c\u52a8\u7269\uff1b\u722c\u884c\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u4e3a\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u865a\u8352\u7684\u81c6\u60f3\u3002\u4e07\u7269\u5404\u4ece\u5176\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c2\uff1b\u53d8\u5f62\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u521b\u9020\u8bf4\u2026\u2026\u5047\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u6765\u5fc5\u8981\u8f9e\u53bb\u4ed6\u2018\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7075\u2019\u7684\u5149\u8363\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8ba9\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5904\u66f4\u806a\u660e\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u8d35\u52a8\u7269\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff08Socrates\u3000470\uff1f\u2026399\u3000B\u3002C\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u65e9\u5c81\u4ece\u7236\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u96d5\u523b\uff0c\u66fe\u4e09\u6b21\u4ece\u519b\uff0c\u540e\u56e0\u75db\u611f\u5e0c\u814a\u6c11\u5fb7\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u79fb\u98ce\u6613\u4fd7\uff0c\u5e38\u5728\u8857\u5934\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8bad\u5bfc\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u52c9\u4ee5\u660e\u8fa8\u662f\u975e\u5584\u6076\u3002\u5176\u8c13\u4eba\u4e4b\u4f5c\u6076\uff0c\u4e43\u7531\u4e0d\u660e\u5584\u6076\uff0c\u82df\u80fd\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u5fc5\u80fd\u4f53\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u8bf4\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\uff1b\u9042\u4ee5\u90aa\u8bf4\u60d1\u4eba\uff0c\u88ab\u63a7\u5165\u72f1\uff0c\u996e\u6bd2\u6b89\u96be\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff0c\u867d\u975e\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u6c0f\u62d2\u7edd\u4fe1\u5949\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u8bf4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4e00\u4f4d\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3000\u4ed6\u4fe1\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e07\u6709\u7684\u5929\u547d\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8981\u5dee\u9063\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u6559\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u706d\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u8981\u5dee\u9063\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u62e8\u5f00\u4e91\u96fe\uff0c\u5f00\u901a\u5fc3\u7a8d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u8fa8\u522b\u5584\u6076\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4ed6\u4fe1\u7075\u9b42\u4e0d\u706d\uff1b\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4ed6\u4fe1\u5584\u4eba\u5fc5\u53d7\u5584\u62a5\uff1b\u6076\u4eba\u5fc5\u53d7\u6076\u62a5\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u897f\u585e\u7984\uff08Cicero\uff09\u66fe\u8ff0\u82cf\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6765\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e0\u7686\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u706d\u7684\u795e\u5723\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8f6c\u5230\u7075\u754c\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e49\u4eba\u53ef\u83b7\u8fdb\u5165\u5929\u5802\u4e4b\u6377\u5f84\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u82cf\u6c0f\u996e\u6bd2\u6b89\u96be\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6177\u6168\u8d74\u4e49\uff0c\u5766\u7136\u81ea\u82e5\u7684\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u559c\u60a6\uff1b\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u795e\u5fc5\u60a6\u7eb3\u6211\u6b64\u751f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u2018\u8fdb\u5165\u5929\u5802\u2019\u3001\u2018\u8499\u795e\u60a6\u7eb3\u2019\uff0c\u5fc5\u4fe1\u6551\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5341\u56db\u516d\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\uff08Plato\u3000427\u2026347\u3000B\u3002C\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e3a\u96c5\u5178\u671b\u65cf\uff0c\u65e9\u5c81\u5c1d\u55dc\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7f8e\u672f\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff0c\u4e13\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u82cf\u6c0f\u6b89\u96be\uff0c\u5468\u6e38\u5217\u90a6\uff1b\u66fe\u6e38\u8bf4\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7687\uff0c\u529d\u5176\u6539\u9769\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u672a\u8499\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u9042\u6f66\u5012\u4ed6\u4e61\uff0c\u7adf\u81f3\u88ab\u5356\u4e3a\u5974\u3002\u5e78\u4e3a\u5176\u53cb\u6240\u8d4e\uff0c\u751f\u5f52\u6545\u91cc\u3002\u65cb\u4e8e\u96c5\u5178\u90ca\u5916\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e66\u9662\uff0c\u6536\u7559\u95e8\u5f92\uff0c\u671b\u91cd\u4e00\u65f6\u3002\u67cf\u6c0f\u627f\u5176\u5e08\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1b\u4ea6\u8ba4\u81f4\u77e5\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5fb7\u4e4b\u672c\u3002\u67cf\u6c0f\u8457\u4e66\u7ec8\u8001\uff0c\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\uff0c\u6d41\u4f20\u8fc4\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e25\u5bc6\uff0c\u9752\u51fa\u4e8e\u84dd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u300a\u5b97\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u5927\u5168\u300b\uff08Encyclopaedia\u3000of\u3000Religious\u3000Knowledge\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u7b80\u8981\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7565\u8c13\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u67cf\u6c0f\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c38\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u5168\u80fd\u3001\u5168\u5584\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u4e00\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7942\u521b\u9020\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6545\u7075\u9b42\u662f\u4e0d\u706d\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u826f\u5584\u7684\uff1b\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f79\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5815\u843d\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b\u53ea\u987b\u8d85\u7136\u7269\u5916\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u60c5\u6b32\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u56de\u590d\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u67cf\u6c0f\u6b64\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e43\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u6559\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u9887\u591a\u53ef\u8bae\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u53e6\u64b0\u4e13\u4e66\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bba\u5217\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u67cf\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u9075\u884c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e8\u610f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u4e43\u662f\u771f\u7406\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u6545\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81f3\u5584\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u60f3\u671b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u67cf\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e43\u662f\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u81ea\u6709\u3001\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\uff08Being\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7942\u53ea\u6709\u826f\u5584\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u2018\u81f3\u5584\u2019\uff08Good\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f\u2018\u9053\u2019\uff08Logos\uff09\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff08Wisdom\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff08Maker\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\uff0c\u67cf\u6c0f\u79f0\u4e4b\u65e5\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u2018\u7075\u2019\uff08Soul\uff09\uff0c\u67cf\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u597d\u50cf\u5149\u548c\u70ed\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u592a\u9633\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b9e\u5c5e\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u67cf\u6c0f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c42\u77e5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u514b\u8096\u771f\u795e\uff1b\u800c\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d4b\u6709\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u7942\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u67cf\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e43\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e07\u7269\uff1b\u2018\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u662f\u6c34\u77f3\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u5929\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5934\u90e8\u5728\u4e0a\uff0c\u8eab\u8eaf\u76f4\u7acb\uff0c\u671d\u7740\u82cd\u5929\u3002\u2019\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u67cf\u6c0f\u75db\u8bcb\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u5f3a\u4e2d\u5e72\uff0c\u8a00\u4e0d\u7531\u54c0\u4e4b\u5f92\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u2018\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u662f\u9ad8\u5531\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u5371\u9669\u4e34\u5934\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u9c9c\u4e0d\u4f4e\u9996\u4e0b\u5fc3\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u3002\u2019\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u57f9\u6839\uff08Lord\u3000Francis\u3000Bacon\u30001561\u20261626\uff09<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u53d7\u96be\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u9664\u53bb\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff1b\u51e1\u5f52\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u8005\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u4ece\u5723\u7075\u91cd\u751f\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u672c\u4e4e\u795e\u7684\u5927\u6069\uff0c\u548c\u7942\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u5927\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u547d\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57f9\u6c0f\u590d\u8bba\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u8c2c\u5984\u4e0e\u7978\u5bb3\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u521d\u4e60\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u8d8b\u5411\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\uff1b\u9020\u8be3\u7a0d\u6df1\u8005\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u6d45\u5b66\u4e4b\u58eb\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e07\u4e8b\u7684\u6b21\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\uff1b\u5fc5\u6df1\u601d\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u63a2\u672c\u7a77\u6e90\uff0c\u5f7b\u609f\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e07\u6709\u7684\u771f\u795e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f46\u91cd\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4fbf\u6210\u884c\u5c38\u8d70\u8089\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0e\u79bd\u517d\u65e0\u5f02\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7075\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u795e\u8d50\u7075\u6027\uff0c\u82e5\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7075\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4fbf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u76f4\u540c\u4e0b\u7b49\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fc7\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u52c7\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u5176\u575a\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fdd\u4f51\u4e0e\u7737\u7231\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4fbf\u6839\u672c\u963b\u6291\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u4f55\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u4e4b\u8c08\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u81ea\u6bc1\u5176\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u65e0\u4ece\u8d85\u8131\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5fb7\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57f9\u6839\u66fe\u8bba\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u6709\u56db\u5927\u67f1\u77f3\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u8ba1\u8c0b\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cbb\u5e73\uff0c\u56fd\u8fd0\u7684\u660c\u9686\uff0c\u987b\u89c6\u4eba\u53d1\u80fd\u5426\u5e76\u5982\u4f55\u5982\u5b88\u6cd5\u5d07\u5fb7\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65ad\u3002\u6545\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8981\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u80fd\u5b88\u6cd5\u5949\u516c\uff0c\u5d07\u793c\u660e\u5fb7\uff0c\u6b64\u5219\u975e\u4ece\u5f18\u626c\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\u4e0d\u4e3a\u529f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f92\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u7eb5\u6709\u826f\u6cd5\u7f8e\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bcc\u5175\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ecd\u96be\u4fdd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u957f\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\u3002\u6545\u7acb\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5728\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c1a\u9738\u672f\u3002\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6b66\u529b\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u906d\u53d7\u632b\u8d25\uff0c\u5e94\u5373\u5e61\u7136\u61ac\u609f\uff0c\u5f18\u626c\u5723\u6559\uff1b\u611f\u5316\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u671f\u633d\u56fd\u8fd0\u3002\u5018\u4ecd\u4e00\u610f\u5b64\u884c\uff0c\u5012\u884c\u9006\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u4e1a\uff0c\u552f\u5c1a\u529b\u5f81\uff1b\u5219\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5fc3\u52b3\u65e5\u62d9\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u76ca\u7d0a\uff1b\u4e14\u5fc5\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u9677\u4e8e\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u4e4b\u5883\uff01<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5982\u65e7\u7ea6\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u6240\u8bb0\u7684\u4f2f\u6c99\u6492\u738b\uff0c\u72c2\u50b2\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f53\u5176\u996e\u9152\u4f5c\u4e50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u770b\u89c1\u7c89\u5899\u4e0a\u6240\u5199\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f25\u5c3c\uff0c\u5f25\u5c3c\uff0c\u63d0\u5ba2\u52d2\uff0c\u4e4c\u6cd5\u73e5\u65b0\uff01\u201d\uff08Mene\u3000Mene\u3000Tekel\u3000Upharsin\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5230\u6b64\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u4f60\u88ab\u79f0\u5728\u5929\u5e73\u91cc\uff0c\u663e\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u56fd\u5fc5\u8d8b\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5f52\u4e8e\u706d\u4ea1\uff01\u2019\u201d\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u7a76\u5175\u9ee9\u6b66\uff0c\u91ce\u5fc3\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u541b\u738b\u548c\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u7ed3\u5c40\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57f9\u6c0f\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff0c\u7b49\u91cf\u9f50\u89c2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u8499\u53d7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u798f\u7949\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u7167\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u514d\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u60e8\u7978\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u6c11\u5fb7\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4e43\u4e3a\u4e00\u6700\u65e0\u751f\u6c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u4f46\u81ea\u536b\u671f\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5747\u5448\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u7684\u6c14\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u514d\u9769\u547d\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u60e8\u7978\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u53cd\u6559\u6709\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u8d56\u76d6\u6c0fWilliam\u3000E\u3002H\u3002Lecky\uff0c\u4ea6\u7ec8\u672a\u6562\u5426\u8ba4\u4e4b\u53f2\u5b9e\u3002\u613f\u6211\u5fe0\u5fc3\u8c0b\u5fe0\u56fd\u4e4b\u58eb\uff0c\u6df1\u601d\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u77e5\u6240\u61ac\u609f\uff01\uff09<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7231\u6c0f\u4e00\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e9f\u5bdd\u5fd8\u98df\uff0c\u591c\u4ee5\u7ee7\u65e5\uff1b\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u4e8c\u5341\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u4ed6\u7ecf\u6b64\u52b3\u82e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u611f\u75b2\u4e4f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7cbe\u795e\u6108\u7528\u6108\u51fa\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\u3002\u66f4\u53ef\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u4e00\u751f\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u4e13\u5fc3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u7075\u6027\u4e4b\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d66\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u5199\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eca\u540e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7075\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u6307\u793a\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7075\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ec8\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u8981\u9886\u609f\u5230\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e88\u4eba\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u521b\u9020\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fbf\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u5176\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u7948\u7977\u548c\u4e00\u5207\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4fbf\u66f4\u6709\u7a7a\u524d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u79d1\u5b66\u7bb4\u8a00\u62a5\u793e\u8bba\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u3000\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u6234\u7ef4\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000Humphrey\u3000Davy\u30001778\u20261829\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6234\u7ef4\u7235\u58eb\u4e43\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6df1\u8d1f\u65f6\u671b\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u5373\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5373\u4efb\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6234\u6c0f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u626c\u6ea2\u5168\u7403\u3002\u6234\u6c0f\u665a\u5e74\u4f53\u529b\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u6e38\u5386\u6b27\u9646\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u65c5\u9014\u7684\u6170\u85c9\u300b\uff08Consolations\u3000in\u3000Travels\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u6b64\u4e3a\u6234\u6c0f\u4e00\u751f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4ed6\u5d07\u9ad8\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5179\u7565\u5f15\u6570\u5219\u5982\u540e\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u5947\u624d\u5f02\u80fd\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8981\u5353\u8bc6\u5927\u77e5\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5b81\u613f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4eba\u751f\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u76ca\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4eba\u751f\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5feb\u6170\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u751f\u8499\u6069\u884c\u5584\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5207\u5e0c\u671b\u5e7b\u706d\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff1b\u4ece\u82e6\u96be\u4e2d\u5f97\u559c\u4e50\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e2d\u5f97\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u4ece\u8d25\u574f\u4e2d\u5f97\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u6bc1\u706d\u4e2d\u5f97\u8363\u7f8e\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u751f\u4eab\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e16\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u76fc\u671b\u7684\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u798f\u4e50\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6000\u7591\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5f52\u8d8b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9ed1\u6697\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6234\u6c0f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u795e\u5947\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ca\u53d1\u52a0\u5f3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3000\uff0c\u6234\u6c0f\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4ece\u5c0f\u65f6\u89c9\u5f97\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51b7\u9177\u3001\u67af\u71e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fbf\u662f\u5f15\u4eba\u5f52\u5411\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff1b\u6211\u4ece\u5375\u86cb\u7684\u5b75\u751f\uff0c\u609f\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9020\u5316\u7684\u5947\u5999\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u609f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7231\uff1b\u7231\u4fbf\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7075\u9b42\u706d\u7684\u9053\u7406\u2026\u2026\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b9e\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u5bcc\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5eb7\u5065\uff0c\u5883\u9047\u4ea8\u901a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u611f\u6069\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u7231\u5fc3\uff0c\u6d01\u51c0\u5fc3\u610f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u751f\u5883\u754c\uff1b\u5f53\u75be\u75c5\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u8001\u5883\u51c4\u51c9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u5f25\u89c1\u771f\u5207\uff1b\u5018\u4f7f\u771f\u80fd\u656c\u8654\u5f52\u4f9d\uff0c\u8c26\u5351\u987a\u670d\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u798f\u4e50\u4e0e\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u51e1\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8981\u6d88\u901d\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u53d8\u4e3a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u548c\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u76fc\u671b\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eab\u4e50\uff0c\u7ec8\u5fc5\u5f52\u4e8e\u65e0\u6709\uff1b\u8089\u4f53\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u7ec8\u5fc5\u5f52\u4e8e\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b\u552f\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u798f\u4e50\uff0c\u6c38\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u3002\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u597d\u50cf\u9ed1\u591c\u7684\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6697\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u5176\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u5df4\u65af\u7279\uff08Loris\u3000Pasteur\u30001822\u20261895\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df4\u65af\u7279\u4e43\u662f\u9a70\u540d\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5fae\u83cc\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u8005\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u56e0\u5df4\u6c0f\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u725b\u5976\u4e0e\u9152\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6d88\u6bd2\uff0c\u53ef\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u536b\u751f\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u6b8a\u5927\u3002\u5df4\u6c0f\u53c8\u8bbe\u6cd5\u9632\u5236\u761f\u8695\u75c5\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e1d\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u4ea6\u4f1f\u3002\u5df4\u6c0f\u665a\u5e74\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5df4\u65af\u7279\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u9632\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u5c24\u5927\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u516c\u4fe1\u5df4\u6c0f\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5df4\u6c0f\u867d\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u60df\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u575a\u5f3a\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5df4\u6c0f\u66fe\u8c13\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5982\u679c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b9e\u6bd4\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u66f4\u4e3a\u8d85\u5947\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e86\u609f\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u795e\u8dea\u4e0b\uff0c\u8083\u7136\u656c\u62dc\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5df4\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u6c0f\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u6c38\u6052\u8005\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b\u800c\u751f\u5e73\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u5b9d\u8bad\uff0c\u5c24\u5ff5\u5179\u5728\u5179\uff0c\u672a\u5c1d\u4e00\u523b\u5fd8\u6000\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u89c1Rene\u3000Vallery\u3000Radot\u8457\u300a\u5df4\u65af\u7279\u4f20\u300b\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u3000\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u62c9\u4ec0\uff08Benjamin\u3000Rush\u30001745\uff1f\u20261813\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9996\u9886\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u8005\uff0c\u62c9\u4ec0\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6837\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5b66\u5e9c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u8bfe\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u70b9\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u771f\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u806a\u660e\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u4e43\u4ee5\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u670d\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u5b9d\u8bad\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65ad\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e8c\u3001\u8981\u60f3\u660e\u767d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e43\u4e3a\u8bf5\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e09\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u542b\u5bf9\u4eba\u751f\u73b0\u4e16\u6240\u9700\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4fd7\u4e16\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591a\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u56db\u3001\u5018\u4f7f\u5728\u7ae5\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5386\u4e45\u4e0d\u5fd8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u751f\u53d7\u7528\u4e0d\u5c3d\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e94\u3001\u5018\u4f7f\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u66f4\u65e0\u673a\u4f1a\u7ec6\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u62c9\u6c0f\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u5f20\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u7ae5\u5e94\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u8bba\u636e\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000?        <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            \u4e43\u5c5e\u865a\u5e94\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u5b9e\u76ca\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u4ee4\u5b66\u751f\u5f53\u6b63\u8bfe\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u4f7f\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6df1\u5370\u5fc3\u7248\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u9057\u5fd8\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000James\u3000Young\u3000Simpson\u30001811\u20261870\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4ea7\u79d1\u4e13\u5bb6\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e09\u6c2f\u4e00\u70ad\u70f7\uff08\u54e5\u7f57\u82b3\uff09\u4e3a\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u800c\u6210\u540d\uff0c\u4e3a\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u6700\u521d\u83b7\u5f97\u7537\u7235\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u8f9b\u6c0f\u5728\u5987\u79d1\u533b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u636e\u300a\u8f9b\u751f\u4f20\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u9ad8\u6566\u6c0f\uff08H\u3002Laing\u3000Gordon\uff09\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8f9b\u6c0f\u884c\u533b\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u4e00\u65e5\u65f7\u5176\u804c\u5b88\u3002\u8f9b\u6c0f\u4e8b\u4e3b\u8654\u6001\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7eaf\u6b63\uff1b\u5e38\u5e38\u5bf9\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u6709\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u5965\u65af\u52d2\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000William\u3000Osler\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u65af\u52d2\u7235\u58eb\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\u66fe\u4efb\u9ea6\u5409\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\uff08Mcggill\u3000University\uff1b\u3000Montreal\uff09\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u4e00\u516b\u516b\u516b\u5e74\u4efb\u970d\u6d66\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\uff08John\u3000Hopkins\u3000University\uff09\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u53c8\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u4e43\u4e16\u754c\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6625\u98ce\u5316\u96e8\uff0c\u6843\u674e\u904d\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u5929\u624d\u3002\u4ed6\u5e73\u65f6\u5bf9\u533b\u751f\u62a4\u58eb\u7684\u8bb2\u8bcd\uff0c\u7f8e\u5999\u52a8\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u520a\u6709\u6f14\u8bb2\u96c6\u4e00\u518c\uff08Counsels\u3000and\u3000Ideals\uff09\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5145\u5206\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f15\u8bc1\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5c24\u7279\u522b\u786e\u5f53\uff0c\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5965\u6c0f\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u6f14\u8bb2\u96c6\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6bcf\u5929\u8d77\u8eab\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4fbf\u8981\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5728\uff1b\u5219\u4e07\u4e8b\u4ff1\u8db3\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4ed6\u6c42\u3002\u6bcf\u65e5\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u95f4\u65ad\uff1b\u5728\u4e16\u4e3a\u4eba\uff0c\u7acb\u8eab\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u987b\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5b9d\u8bad\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u6f14\u8bb2\u96c6\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u9875\uff09<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u6bd4\u7f57\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u6000\u7591\u6d3e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6000\u7591\u5176\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5176\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u7adf\u4e0d\u4e88\u63f4\u6551\u3002\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6000\u7591\u6d3e\u4e4b\u6781\u5927\u8bbd\u523a\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u3000\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u535a\u58eb\uff08Thomas\u3000Arnold\u30001795\u20261842\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u611f\u5316\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e00\u8d2f\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u6559\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\u505a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6559\u5176\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6559\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u95ee\u3002\u963f\u6c0f\u66fe\u90fd\u4e66\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u8457\u79f0\u8005\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u53f2\uff08History\u3000of\u3000Rome\uff09\u3002\u963f\u6c0f\u66fe\u5bf9\u666e\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5176\u610f\u89c1\u79f0\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6821\u820d\u548c\u5ef6\u8058\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u8981\u79fb\u98ce\u6613\u4fd7\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u5230\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ece\u5bb6\u5ead\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u58eb\u519c\u5de5\u5546\uff0c\u671d\u91ce\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u8fdc\u79bb\u6076\u884c\uff0c\u8363\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u798f\u4e50\uff0c\u964d\u4e8e\u4e16\u95f4\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u7518\u57f9\u5c14\u6821\u957f\uff08Alexander\u3000Campbell\u30001788\u20261866\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f2f\u5927\u5c3c\u5927\u5b66\uff08Bethany\u3000Collegg\uff0cVirginia\uff09\u6821\u957f\u7518\u57f9\u5c14\u6c0f\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e8c\u4e5d\u5e74\u65b0\u897f\u90a3\u5730\uff08Cincinati\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u5927\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2018\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u2019\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u516c\u5141\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u201c\u5018\u4f7f\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f97\u80dc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u76fc\u671b\u5b8c\u5168\u5e7b\u706d\uff0c\u90a3\u65e0\u5f02\u4e3a\u2018\u6b7b\u4ea1\u2019\u5728\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u5b9d\u5ea7\u4e0a\u52a0\u5195\uff1b\u90a3\u65e0\u5f02\u4e3a\u575f\u5893\u6c38\u56fa\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff1b\u5219\u4e16\u4eba\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u826f\u5584\uff1b\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u4eba\u656c\u5d07\uff0c\u7231\u6155\uff0c\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c1\u5176\u6c38\u8f89\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u5f02\u628a\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7075\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0e\u6700\u4f4e\u5bf9\u7684\u722c\u884c\u52a8\u7269\u7b49\u91cf\u9f50\u89c2\uff1b\u4f7f\u6709\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u8349\u6728\u540c\u8150\u3002\u662f\u5219\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u6291\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u5176\u6c38\u4e16\u7684\u798f\u4e50\u3002\u5176\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5f52\u5bbf\u53ea\u6709\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u6c89\u6ca6\u4e0e\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u8bda\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5219\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5938\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u7a76\u7adf\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u4f55\u8d21\u732e\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u832b\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ece\u4f55\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u5c06\u4f55\u5f80\uff1b\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5931\u4e86\u5176\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7075\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u901a\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff1b\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8ffd\u6c42\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u77e5\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6709\u5c5e\u5929\u7684\u76fc\u671b\u3002\u8bda\u7136\u7167\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53eb\u6b7b\u5bf9\u8089\u4f53\u5f97\u80dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7075\u9b42\u4e5f\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u706d\u3002\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5417\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u80dc\u8fc7\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5417\uff1f\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u5018\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f97\u80dc\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u65e2\u65e0\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u8d23\u5907\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6050\u6016\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7231\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c\u7942\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\uff0c\u964d\u4e16\u4e3a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4eba\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u4fe1\u7942\u7684\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u7f6a\u6076\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6551\u4e16\u7684\u6069\u529f\uff0c\u7942\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6c38\u751f\uff1b\u7942\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f81\u670d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u8d4b\u4e88\u7942\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7740\u6216\u8005\u4e34\u6b7b\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4fe1\u800c\u6709\u8bc1\u6709\u7684\u6043\u65e0\u6050\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u6b7b\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u80dc\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u6b7b\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6bd2\u94a9\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u2019\uff08\u6797\u524d15\uff1a35\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u5df2\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u575f\u5893\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u51ed\u7740\u4fe1\u7942\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u575f\u5893\uff01\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e34\u7ec8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u4fe1\u5f92\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u9760\u4e3b\u559c\u4e50\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u9760\u4e3b\u559c\u4e50\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u559c\u4e50\uff01\u2019\uff08\u81534\uff1a4\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u798f\u97f3\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u7167\u5929\u4f7f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u2018\u5927\u559c\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u2019\uff08\u8def2\uff1a10\uff09\u51e1\u76f8\u4fe1\u798f\u97f3\u7684\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u4e0d\u559c\u4e50\u5462\uff1f\u8d85\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3001\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u559c\u4e50\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u3001\u4f5c\u6076\u7684\u3001\u5351\u52a3\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u7942\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\uff0c\u548c\u7942\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u6069\u529f\uff0c\u4e07\u65e0\u6000\u7591\u6050\u60e7\u4e4b\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u559c\u4e50\u4e0e\u5938\u80dc\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u501f\u7740\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5f97\u80dc\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f81\u670d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u575f\u5893\u7684\u5927\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u674e\u67e5\u66fc\u9662\u957f\uff08Leechman\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u674e\u67e5\u66fc\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8eab\u540d\u95e8\u671b\u65cf\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u4f5c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u867d\u73b0\u5df2\u5782\u8001\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4eba\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u5374\u6709\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u5feb\u6170\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u4f60\u9762\u524d\u4f5c\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8c61\u5e73\u5e38\u4eba\u90a3\u79cd\u4ece\u4fee\u517b\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u6de1\u6cca\u3001\u5b81\u9759\uff0c\u800c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f97\u80dc\u7684\u559c\u4e50\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f97\u80dc\u7684\u559c\u4e50\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u4fbf\u6307\u7740\u653e\u5728\u4e66\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u4ece\u773c\u775b\u91cc\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u5149\u8292\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e16\u4eba\u90fd\u628a\u5b83\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u90a3\u91cc\u800c\u5374\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u6b22\u6b23\u4e0e\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u673d\u7684\u603b\u8981\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u673d\u574f\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u5fc5\u6b7b\u7684\uff0c\u603b\u8981\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\uff01\uff08\u6797\u524d15\uff1a53\uff09\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u3000\u9ea6\u8003\u58eb\u6821\u957f\uff08James\u3000Mccosh\u30001811\u20261892\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9ea6\u8003\u58eb\u535a\u58eb\u539f\u7c4d\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u540e\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u7075\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u597d\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u9ea6\u6c0f\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08Christianity\u3000and\u3000Positivitism\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4fbf\u6beb\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u3000\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3000\u65e0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u3000\u539f\u5f62\u8d28\uff08Protoplasm\uff09\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09\u3000\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u3000\u690d\u7269\u4ece\u79cd\u5b50\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c92\u79cd\u5b50\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u516d\uff09\u3000\u52a8\u7269\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u690d\u7269\u800c\u53d8\u6210\uff0c\u90a3\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u3000\u65e0\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u611f\u89c9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u516b\uff09\u3000\u5355\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u826f\u77e5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e5d\uff09\u3000\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ee5\u524d\u6216\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u524d\u6216\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6b64\u5219\u8fde\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u672c\u4eba\u4ea6\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5341\uff09\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u65e0\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5341\u4e00\uff09\u3000\u51e1\u5c5e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u800c\u79bd\u517d\u5219\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5374\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u4e0a\u5404\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u8c13\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u800c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u9ea6\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u795e\u6cbb\u8bba\u300b\uff08Method\u3000of\u3000Divine\u3000Government\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u65a5\u8d23\u67d0\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u611a\u5984\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u8c08\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u9ea6\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u6b64\u4e66\u91cc\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08\u5b97\u6559\uff09\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u53ef\u9057\u61be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u91cd\u89c6\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u56fa\u5c5e\u5927\u8c2c\uff1b\u56e0\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u9057\u5f03\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u2018\u8bf8\u5929\u8ff0\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u2019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e43\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u6240\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5165\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6b63\u53ef\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u76f8\u5f97\u76ca\u5f70\uff0c\u6b63\u8db3\u4ee5\u9610\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u5171\u6234\u5929\u4e4b\u4ec7\uff0c\u5927\u53ef\u4e0d\u5fc5\u81ea\u76f8\u4e89\u6267\uff0c\u5f92\u8d39\u5fc3\u529b\uff1b\u800c\u5e94\u4fee\u597d\u8a00\u548c\uff0c\u8d77\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u654c\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u611a\u5473\u4e0e\u6210\u89c1\u3001\u60c5\u6b32\u548c\u7f6a\u6076\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u914d\u5408\u8054\u7edc\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e00\u7269\u4e4b\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u53ef\u5f02\u66f2\u800c\u540c\u5de5\uff0c\u540c\u5f52\u8363\u8000\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5916\u9662\uff0c\u5219\u5b97\u6559\u4e3a\u5185\u6bbf\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5723\u6240\uff0c\u5219\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u81f3\u5723\u6240\uff1b\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u501f\u7740\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8840\uff0c\u6bbf\u5e55\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u88c2\u5f00\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u9694\u65ad\u7684\u5899\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u62c6\u6bc1\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5df2\u7ecf\u548c\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u540c\u542c\u6c38\u6d3b\u771f\u795e\u7684\u5723\u8a00\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\u3002\u3000\u5a01\u745f\u65af\u5e9e\u6821\u957f\uff08John\u3000Witherspoon\u30001723\u20261794\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u666e\u7075\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u5a01\u745f\u65af\u5e9e\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4e43\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5723\u5f92\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bba\u656c\u754f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7231\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u70ed\u5fc3\u7ef4\u62a4\u771f\u9053\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7aed\u529b\u963b\u6b62\u9053\u5fb7\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8c01\u662f\u516c\u7136\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u6562\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u76d1\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u5404\u5c31\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6d41\u7825\u67f1\uff0c\u62b5\u6321\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u4f20\u626c\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u52a1\u4f7f\u56fd\u6c11\u90fd\u80fd\u656c\u754f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5723\u540d\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u7231\u5bb6\u548c\u7231\u56fd\uff0c\u4ea6\u5e94\u7231\u4f60\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5371\u4e9f\u5b58\u4ea1\u4e4b\u79cb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u7684\u4e0e\u795e\u548c\u597d\u3001\u4e0e\u795e\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u5b88\u795e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5723\u5f92\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u884c\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5fd7\u58eb\u3001\u5fe0\u52c7\u62a4\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u5175\u548c\u771f\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u613f\u795e\u8d50\u6069\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5723\u9053\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u3000\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u8ba1\u4f50\uff08Francis\u3000P\u3002G\u3002Guizot\u30001878\u20261894\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u8ba1\u4f50\u66fe\u4efb\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u590d\u4efb\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fdd\u5b88\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8ba1\u6c0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u8d1f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u656c\u8654\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u65e0\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7316\u7357\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8ba1\u6c0f\u7edd\u4e0d\u968f\u4ece\u672b\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u6127\u4e3a\u4e00\u536b\u9053\u7684\u5723\u5f92\u3002\u8ba1\u6c0f\u6b7b\u540e\u66fe\u5f97\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u3002\u8ba1\u6c0f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9057\u5631\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8ba1\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u300b\uff08History\u3000of\u3000Civilization\u3000in\u3000europe\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bba\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u8870\u4ea1\u540e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edd\u975e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u8ba1\u6c0f\u8bba\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5fc3\u5fd7\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u80a1\u4f1f\u5927\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u529b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e43\u662f\u89e3\u653e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e43\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6539\u6559\u8fd0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u5fd7\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\u8ba1\u6c0f\u53c8\u8bba\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5728\u4fe1\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u548c\u81f4\u80dc\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u771f\u795e\u542f\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u83b1\u57fa\uff08William\u3000E\u3002H\u3002Lecky\u30001838\u20261903\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u83b1\u57fa\u8457\u6709\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08Rationalism\u3000in\u3000Europe\u30021865\u30022\u3000vols\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u4f26\u7406\u53f2\u300b\uff08European\u3000Morals\u3000from\u3000Augustus\u3000to\u3000Charlemagne\u30001868\u30022\u3000vols\uff09\u53ca\u300a\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u300b\uff08Emgland\u3000in\u3000the\u300018th\uff1bCentury\uff1b1878\uff09\u8bf8\u4e66\u3002\u83b1\u6c0f\u867d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff1b\u7136\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u4f26\u7406\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u9882\u626c\u5907\u81f3\uff1b\u5e76\u8bba\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u4e16\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u4f1f\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u6c64\u56e0\u6bd4\uff08Arnold\u3000Joseph\u3000Toynbee\u30001889\u20261975\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u53f2\u5bb6\u6c64\u56e0\u6bd4\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cbe\u52e4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e7f\u535a\uff1b\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5386\u754c\u5b66\u8005\u300b\u4e3a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u3002\u4ed6\u6cbb\u53f2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8c61\u4e00\u822c\u53f2\u5bb6\u4ec5\u77e5\u201c\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u4f5c\u201c\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u201d\u3002\u5176\u6240\u53d6\u6750\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e8c\u5341\u79cd\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u603b\u6444\u53e4\u4eca\uff0c\u5149\u8292\u4e07\u4e08\u3002\u5c31\u5176\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bba\uff08\u5982\u9ed1\u667a\u513f\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u8bba\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u552f\u548c\u8bba\uff0c\u53f2\u5bbe\u683c\u52d2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6709\u673a\u8bba\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u60b2\u89c2\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u53d1\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u4f1f\u4eba\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u5730\u7f18\u53f2\u89c2\u7b49\u8bf4\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c64\u6c0f\u5bf9\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u5b9e\u4e0d\u53ef\u62b9\u715e\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6c64\u6c0f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5411\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u3002\u6c64\u6c0f\u4ee5\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u6311\u6218\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5c11\u6570\u201d\uff08Creative\u3000Minority\uff09\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u4f7f\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u800c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7834\u843d\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u59cb\u4e8e\u201c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5c11\u6570\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u77dc\u81ea\u8d1f\uff0c\u81f4\u4ee4\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5076\u50cf\u5316\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u5076\u50cf\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u9042\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f17\u5931\u671b\u79bb\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u6c64\u6c0f\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5174\u54c0\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e43\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u7f6a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6c64\u6c0f\u4ece\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u795e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ec5\u4f5c\u5916\u7269\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u975e\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u975e\u5728\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u975e\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u975e\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u4e3a\u6551\u4e16\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u5df2\u5931\u8d25\uff1b\u6545\u65e0\u8bba\u82f1\u96c4\u8c6a\u6770\u3001\u5723\u541b\u8d24\u76f8\u3001\u590d\u53e4\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5747\u65e0\u8865\u65f6\u8270\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u552f\u4e00\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u60df\u5728\u2018\u8d85\u4eba\u5316\u8eab\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u2019\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u60dc\u6c64\u6c0f\u975e\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6c64\u6c0f\u4ea6\u81ea\u627f\u5176\u5b66\u8bf4\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e43\u4e3a\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u5bf9\u201c\u771f\u795e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u201d\u4e4b\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u9887\u591a\u53ef\u8bae\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5c24\u4ee5\u5176\u8fd1\u8457\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u300b\uff08Christian\u3000Approahc\u3000to\u3000Religion\u2026Oxford\uff1b1956\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e66\u4e3a\u751a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u64b0\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5179\u4e0d\u8be6\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u70b9\uff0c\u6c64\u4e43\u6c0f\u4ece\u516d\u5343\u5e74\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u53ef\u501f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\u4f5c\u2018\u65c1\u8bc1\u2019\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6c64\u6c0f\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u2018\u7f6a\u7684\u5de5\u4ef7\u4e43\u662f\u6b7b\u2019\u4e00\u8bed\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6234\u7ef4\u6c0f\uff08D\u3002R\u3002Davies\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6c64\u6c0f\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u76f4\u53ef\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u539f\u7f6a\u5b66\u300b\uff08The\u3000Science\u3000of\u3000Original\u3000Sin\uff09\u3002\u516d\u5343\u5e74\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4eba\u53f2\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u52b3\u65e5\u62d9\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c89\u6ca6\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u4eba\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u633d\u6551\uff01\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u6234\u6c0f\u8457\u300a\u6253\u5012\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u9a84\u300b\uff08Dowm\u3000Peacick&#8217;s\u3000Feathers\uff1b\u3000Macmillan\uff1b1944\uff09<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u65af\u987f\uff08Sir\u3000William\u3000Blackstone\u30001723\u20261780\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u65af\u987f\u7235\u58eb\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u8d1f\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5927\u82f1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8a00\u66f0\uff1a\u4eb5\u6e0e\u5723\u65e5\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u9053\u5fb7\u5815\u843d\u4e4b\u53f0\u9636\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u5728\u6cd5\u5b57\u754c\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5927\u90fd\u4eba\u624b\u4e00\u7f16\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6cd5\u754c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea6\u90fd\u5949\u4e3a\u572d\u81ec\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5982\u743c\u65af\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000William\u3000Jones\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5e03\u6c0f\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6cd5\u5b66\u754c\u7edd\u65e0\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5e03\u6c0f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u9887\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5c31\u4e0e\u542f\u6cd5\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u6700\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e2\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53d7\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u4ece\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e00\u4e3e\u4e00\u52a8\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5408\u4e4e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u662f\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u53e3\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u670d\u4ece\u9075\u884c\uff1b\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u662f\u4e07\u53e4\u957f\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u666e\u4e16\u901a\u884c\u7684\uff1b\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u56fd\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e9f\u5f03\u5b83\u3002\u4eba\u9020\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u6709\u6240\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u529b\u3002\u51e1\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u3001\u884c\u4e4b\u65e0\u5f0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u7cbe\u4e49\u548c\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u76f4\u63a5\u95f4\u63a5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u800c\u6765\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c42\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u5e94\u6bcf\u4eba\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u987b\u8fd0\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ec5\u5728\u63a2\u6c42\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u5047\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u59cb\u7956\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4fbf\u4f1a\u81fb\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u5f0a\u75c5\uff1b\u53ef\u60dc\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u59cb\u7956\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5815\u843d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u611a\u6627\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u601c\u60af\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c\u6df1\u77e5\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u8f6f\u5f31\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u611a\u5984\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u591a\u6b21\u591a\u65b9\uff0c\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u79cd\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u85cf\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u73b0\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u5815\u843d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u667a\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e43\u662f\u4e07\u53e4\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u501f\u7740\u542f\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u4e86\u609f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u786e\u7eaf\u6b63\uff0c\u4e43\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eba\u6240\u5b9a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u771f\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u667a\u60f3\u8c61\u63e3\u6479\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u6d77\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000Mathew\u3000Hale\u30001609\u20261676\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d77\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\u4e43\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6781\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u6d77\u6c0f\u4e3a\u4eba\u516c\u6b63\u5ec9\u660e\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u201c\u5bcc\u8d35\u4e0d\u6deb\uff0c\u5a01\u6b66\u4e0d\u5c48\u201d\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff1b\u4e00\u751f\u597d\u5b66\u4e0d\u5026\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7cbe\u901a\u6cd5\u5b66\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5747\u6709\u6df1\u9020\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u300a\u9759\u601d\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u300b\uff08Contemplation\u3000Moral\u3000and\u3000Dirvine\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5c24\u4e3a\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d77\u6c0f\u5728\u7ed9\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u52c9\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u6052\u5e38\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff0c\u8c28\u5b88\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u8981\u8bf5\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff1b\u4ece\u5934\u81f3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u95f4\u65ad\uff1b\u4e14\u5f53\u5341\u5206\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4e13\u5fc3\uff1b\u7262\u8bb0\u5fc3\u5934\uff0c\u5949\u4e3a\u572d\u81ec\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u54f2\u826f\u5584\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u4f59\u4ea4\u6e38\u5e7f\u9614\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4e07\u5377\uff1b\u7136\u4ece\u65e0\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8c61\u5723\u7ecf\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u80fd\u589e\u6211\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5f97\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u53d7\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u61c2\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5f53\u8bb0\u5ff5\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u5b88\u4e3a\u5723\u65e5\u3002\u662f\u65e5\u5e94\u8fdc\u907f\u635f\u53cb\uff0c\u5207\u5fcc\u7a7a\u8c08\uff1b\u52ff\u4f5c\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u6d88\u9057\uff0c\u52ff\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65e9\u665a\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u793c\u62dc\uff1b\u793c\u62dc\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u5219\u8bf5\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u7075\u4e66\u520a\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d77\u6c0f\u53c8\u8bba\u5b87\u5b99\u6e0a\u6e90\u53ca\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u4e16\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6469\u897f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u4e16\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6d45\u663e\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u4e00\u8d2f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9976\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u609f\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u4fe1\u771f\u795e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u53ef\u8bc1\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u4e0e\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6d77\u6c0f\u53c8\u9610\u8ff0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u771f\u8c1b\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e43\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u656c\u754f\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u773c\u89c1\u5374\u80fd\u904d\u5bdf\u4e07\u4e8b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u524d\u656c\u8654\u5ea6\u65e5\uff0c\u6b63\u76f4\u4e3a\u4eba\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u656c\u7231\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\uff0c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff1b\u8fd8\u8981\u6ee1\u5fc3\u611f\u8c22\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b8f\u6069\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5929\u7236\uff0c\u6551\u4e3b\u548c\u6069\u4e3b\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e43\u6559\u4eba\u4fe1\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u65f6\u65f6\u6c42\u795e\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u548c\u4fdd\u4f51\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\uff0c\u987a\u4ece\u5728\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u79cd\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ba1\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9a7e\u9a6d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\uff1b\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9274\u67e5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u7a0d\u5b58\u6127\u5fc3\u4e4b\u60f3\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u547d\u4eba\u7acb\u8eab\u4e3a\u4eba\uff0c\u6301\u5df1\u5904\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u7aef\u5e84\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u5fc3\u6000\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f7f\u4eba\u8c26\u5351\u67d4\u548c\uff0c\u5f03\u7edd\u5f20\u72c2\u9ad8\u50b2\uff1b\u4f7f\u4eba\u5faa\u89c4\u8e48\u77e9\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u4efb\u6027\u4f7f\u6c14\uff1b\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u540d\u5229\u3001\u4eca\u751f\u7684\u5bcc\u8d35\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u91cd\u89c6\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d2a\u7231\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u81f4\u60a3\u5f97\u60a3\u5931\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5962\u671b\u91ce\u5fc3\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f7f\u4eba\u6709\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u5fe0\u5fc3\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u5b81\u6b7b\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5fe0\u4e0d\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u4f7f\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u795e\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\uff0c\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u4efb\u4f55\u5bcc\u8d35\u8363\u534e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9d\u8d35\uff1b\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1d\u6beb\u635f\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ee5\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u5fc3\u4e8b\u5949\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u867d\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u8363\u8000\u4e0e\u76fc\u671b\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u5929\u4e0a\uff0c\u6545\u8981\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u529b\u5730\u656c\u8654\u5ea6\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u4e3a\u4eba\u603b\u671f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u76fc\u671b\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e43\u4f7f\u4eba\u6709\u516c\u4e49\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9e20\uff08Baron\u3000de\u3000Iabaede\u3000et\u3000de\u3000Montesquieu\u30001689\u20261755\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9e20\uff0c\u5bb6\u5b66\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u66fe\u4ee3\u4efb\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u65e9\u5c81\u8084\u4e1a\u6ce2\u5c14\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u65cb\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8457\u300a\u6ce2\u65af\u901a\u8baf\u300b\uff0c\u8bbd\u523a\u65f6\u653f\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u6e10\u8457\u3002\u540e\u8d74\u82f1\u8003\u5bdf\u5baa\u653f\uff0c\u5f52\u540e\u95ed\u95e8\u8457\u4e66\uff0c\u7a77\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\uff0c\u8457\u300a\u6cd5\u610f\u300b\uff08Esprit\u3000des\u3000Lois\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5021\u4e09\u6743\u9f0e\u7acb\u4e4b\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5341\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5373\u9500\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u8bd1\u672c\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e3a\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u6cbb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u8bfb\u7684\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u5907\u53d7\u5404\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b5f\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u9053\u7406\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6df1\u81f4\u63a8\u5d07\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c0f\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u867d\u662f\u8bb2\u6765\u4e16\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9020\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u798f\u5229\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5c3d\u4ee5\u8d5e\u7f8e\u5462\uff1f\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u6cd5\u610f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u91cc\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u8c26\u5351\u67d4\u548c\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u541b\u738b\u5bf9\u5176\u81e3\u6c11\u4e4b\u66b4\u8650\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u5b9e\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u6cd5\u610f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u91cc\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u8c26\u5351\u67d4\u548c\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u541b\u738b\u5bf9\u5176\u81e3\u6c11\u4e4b\u66b4\u8650\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u5b9e\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5979\u66fe\u4f7f\u53e4\u5b9e\u6539\u9769\u5176\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u63a5\u53d7\u6b27\u6d32\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u53e4\u5b9e\u7684\u6267\u653f\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u56fd\u6c11\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u4ec1\u7231\u548c\u5b88\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u8303\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u4fe1\u5949\u56de\u6559\u7684\u5c71\u62ff\uff08Sennaar\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u65b0\u541b\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e92\u76f8\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u540c\u5ba4\u64cd\u6208\uff0c\u8c46\u8401\u76f8\u714e\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e00\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8fa9\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u6ca1\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f55\u5c1d\u771f\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u75c5\u6001\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u6216\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7f44\u7af9\u96be\u4e66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u541b\u738b\u4e0e\u519b\u9600\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5c60\u6740\uff1b\u53c8\u5982\u6210\u5409\u65af\u6c57\u4e0e\u94c1\u6728\u513f\u76f8\u7ee7\u897f\u5f81\uff0c\u8e42\u8e8f\u52ab\u63a0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60e8\u70c8\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u611f\u8c22\u795e\u6069\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\uff0c\u5219\u4eba\u6743\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff1b\u5bf9\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u7ea6\u7ae0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\uff0c\u4ecd\u5e94\u987e\u5230\u6b63\u4e49\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u654c\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u7231\u8fea\u751f\uff08Joseph\u3000Addison\u30001672\u20261719\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u6c0f\uff0c\u65e9\u5c81\u8084\u4e1a\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u66fe\u6f2b\u6e38\u6b27\u9646\uff1b\u6240\u8457\u8bd7\u6587\uff0c\u611f\u4eba\u81f3\u6df1\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u535a\u58eb\uff08Dr\u3002Johnson\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u60f3\u5199\u597d\u7684\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u6d45\u660e\u800c\u4e0d\u7cbe\u4fd7\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c5\u800c\u4e0d\u6d6e\u534e\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5f53\u65e5\u591c\u8bf5\u8bfb\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u3002\u201d\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u66ff\u7231\u6c0f\u4f5c\u4f20\u8bb0\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5929\u624d\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u8d21\u732e\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u9c9c\u6709\u5728\u7231\u6c0f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u8005\u3002\u201d\u7231\u6c0f\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u89c1\u4e8e\u300a\u89c2\u5bdf\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\uff08The\u3000Spectator\uff09\uff0c\u60df\u7231\u6c0f\u8fd8\u6709\u672a\u5b8c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5723\u9053\u5b9e\u8bc1\u96c6\u300b\uff08Evidences\u3000of\u3000Christian\u3000Religion\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5723\u8bd7\uff0c\u6563\u89c1\u4e8e\u5404\u6559\u4f1a\u520a\u5e03\u7684\u5723\u8bd7\u96c6\u5185\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7231\u6c0f\u5c1d\u64b0\u8bba\u653b\u51fb\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff08Essay\u3000on\u3000Infidelity\u3000Condemned\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u539f\u8c05\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u662f\u81ea\u8bef\u8bef\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6765\u4e16\u7684\u76fc\u671b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6211\u5fc3\u7075\u4e0a\u5f97\u5b89\u4e50\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76fc\u671b\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b87\u5b99\u683c\u5916\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u500d\u589e\u6b22\u4e50\uff1b\u590d\u4f7f\u6211\u6d88\u9057\u4e00\u5207\u5fe7\u8651\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6c38\u4e16\u91cc\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u5207\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3001\u4e0d\u5e78\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4f7f\u6211\u4ecb\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6c38\u4e16\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fe7\u6101\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5929\u5802\u5730\u72f1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u8d4f\u5584\u7f5a\u6076\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fe1\u9760\u4ed6\u4eec\u2026\u2026\u8fd1\u5e74\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u5df2\u906d\u9047\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5df2\u9000\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u76f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6240\u8c13\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e43\u611a\u5984\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u611a\u5984\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u636e\u7684\u67f1\u77f3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u2018\u81ea\u4f5c\u806a\u660e\u2019\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6545\u610f\u62b9\u715e\u5c06\u6765\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u865a\u9a84\u7cbe\u795e\u2026\u2026\u5176\u5b9e\u771f\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u786e\u5207\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u51e1\u6709\u8033\u80fd\u542c\uff0c\u6709\u76ee\u80fd\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u8bff\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4fe1\u3002\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u548c\u6551\u4e3b\u53d7\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u7231\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c3d\u5fc3\u3001\u5c3d\u6027\u3001\u5c3d\u610f\u3001\u5c3d\u529b\uff0c\u7231\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90bb\u820d\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u2026\u2026\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u3000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7231\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u7942\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u8d50\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b7b\uff1b\u8bd5\u95ee\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u6fc0\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u656c\u7231\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3000\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u65e2\u5df2\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6b7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u7231\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u3000\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u65e2\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5934\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7942\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u5723\u6d01\u5462\uff1f\u5018\u4f7f\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u614e\u601d\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u4f55\u81f3\u518d\u521a\u610e\u81ea\u8d1f\uff0c\u4e3a\u975e\u4f5c\u6076\u5462\u3002\u4f55\u81f3\u518d\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u7a3d\u7684\u5984\u60f3\u6765\u86ca\u60d1\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u6270\u4e71\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bc1\u706d\u9053\u5fb7\u5462\uff1f\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7231\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f26\u5e38\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5982\u65e0\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u51b7\u6de1\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u5473\u7684\u3002\u201d\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u548c\u771f\u6b63\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u5730\u6d3b\u6cfc\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7231\u6c0f\u4e00\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u6587\u5b57\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e43\u5728\u6559\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u771f\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e34\u7ec8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u501f\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u6b7b\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u6765\u8fbe\u5176\u5d07\u9ad8\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u5b50\u534e\u4f1f\u514b\u7235\u58eb\uff08Lord\u3000Warwick\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6094\u6539\u4fe1\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u628a\u4ed6\u53ec\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4f5c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u5176\u5b50\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5e8a\u524d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6b64\u65f6\u53ec\u6211\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u5fc5\u6709\u6240\u5631\u5490\uff0c\u6211\u5f53\u8c28\u5b88\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u81f3\u5b9d\u3002\u201d\u7231\u6c0f\u7d27\u63e1\u5176\u624b\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u4f60\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e34\u6b7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4f55\u7b49\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u5361\u83b1\u5c14\uff08Thomas\u3000Carlyle\uff1b1795\u20261881\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u83b1\u5c14\u4e3a\u4e00\u77f3\u5320\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u654f\u6167\u8fc7\u4eba\uff1b\u5f53\u5176\u8084\u4e1a\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u8868\u663e\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u9a70\u8a89\u6587\u575b\u3002\u5361\u6c0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8457\u8ff0\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6587\u7b14\u6d41\u7545\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u611f\u4eba\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u72ec\u5230\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u5bb6\u3002\u8457\u6709\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u5927\u5e1d\u4f20\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5e1d\u52d2\u5c14\u4f20\uff0c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u82f1\u96c4\u4e0e\u82f1\u96c4\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5361\u6c0f\u4e8b\u795e\u656c\u8654\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u90d1\u91cd\uff0c\u8bba\u5230\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4ed6\u6781\u529b\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5d07\u9ad8\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7684\u4e66\uff1b\u5176\u9053\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u5176\u8a00\u4fe1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u4f73\u7f8e\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u51e1\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u5207\u8eab\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4eba\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u80fd\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee4\u543e\u4eba\u5e73\u5b89\uff0c\u4e0e\u795e\u548c\u597d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u751f\u5965\u79d8\u89e3\u7b54\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6ee1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u5361\u6c0f\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e43\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4eae\u5149\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u751f\u6700\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5706\u6ee1\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u4e0d\u80fd\u9a8c\u8bf8\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u501f\u5148\u77e5\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fe1\u800c\u6709\u8bc1\uff0c\u51ed\u7740\u7075\u6027\u7684\u773c\uff0c\u5fc5\u80fd\u671b\u89c1\u5176\u798f\u679c\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5982\u65e0\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u5341\u5206\u975e\u60b2\u60e8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u8d8b\u706d\u4ea1\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bba\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u81f3\u5c0a\u81f3\u5584\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u5317\u6781\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u53d1\u5149\uff0c\u9ed1\u591c\u6108\u6df1\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u6108\u6697\uff0c\u5176\u5149\u6108\u5927\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u67ef\u7acb\u5179\uff08Samuel\u3000Taylor\u3000Coleridge\u30001772\u20261834\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u67ef\u7acb\u5179\u4e3a\u6e56\u4e0a\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5bcc\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u66fe\u6709\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u56e0\u8d2b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9042\u6f2b\u6e38\u56db\u65b9\u3002\u520a\u6709\u8bd7\u96c6\uff08\u4e00\uff09Ancient\u3000Maeiner\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09Christabel\u2026\u2026\u7b49\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u6781\u6df1\u54f2\u7406\uff0c\u9887\u53d7\u6587\u575b\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u67ef\u6c0f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u65f6\u591a\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9ed8\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e66\u542b\u6709\u6700\u6df1\u5965\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0e\u6bd4\u62df\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u80fd\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7814\u8ba8\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u81ea\u62d4\u5eb8\u4fd7\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e86\u609f\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u667a\u6167\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5c06\u5931\u5176\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u79bd\u517d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u91cf\u9f50\u89c2\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u79bd\u517d\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d8a\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u513f\u7ae5\u5982\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u85b0\u9676\uff0c\u5fc5\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u4e00\u5207\u7c97\u9c81\u5f20\u72c2\u7684\u4e60\u6027\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5343\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u65bd\u4ee5\u6709\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u9676\u6cbb\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e00\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u5de8\u529b\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u5723\u54f2\u8d24\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4e3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u67ef\u6c0f\u4e8e\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u4ece\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u5176\u611f\u60f3\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u56de\u987e\u65e2\u5f80\uff0c\u5b9e\u89c9\u5e78\u798f\u7f8e\u6ee1\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u5eb7\u5065\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u5fe0\u4fe1\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u798f\u4e50\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u6211\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u3000\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\uff08Charles\u3000Dickens\u30001812\u20261870\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u65e9\u5c81\u5bb6\u8d2b\uff0c\u7236\u56e0\u503a\u52a1\u5165\u72f1\uff0c\u4ee5\u64e6\u978b\u7cca\u53e3\uff1b\u7a0d\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f8b\u5e08\u96c7\u5de5\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5c81\uff0c\u5145\u67d0\u62a5\u8bbf\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u5076\u4f5c\u6742\u8bb0\uff0c\u65cb\u7adf\u5927\u53d7\u8bfb\u8005\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u6e10\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u3002\u55e3\u4f73\u4f5c\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u540d\u5bb6\u3002\u6240\u4f5c\u6709\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u53cc\u57ce\u8bb0\uff08The\u3000Tale\u3000of\u3000Two\u3000Cities\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5927\u536b\u3002\u79d1\u6ce2\u83f2\u5c14\uff08Davie\u3000Copperfield\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u8001\u53e4\u73a9\u5e97\uff08Old\u3000Curiosity\u3000Shop\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u3002\u5c3c\u514b\u5c14\u8d1d\uff08Nicholas\u3000Nickleby\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u96fe\u90fd\u5b64\u513f\uff08Oliver\u3000Twist\uff09\uff1b\u5747\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4ea6\u6709\u8282\u8bd1\u672c\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u72c4\u6c0f\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\uff1a\u5f53\u6c0f\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u5176\u5bb6\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u2018\u4f60\u613f\u610f\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u5f85\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8981\u600e\u6837\u5f85\u4eba\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u4e0312\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u5bb6\u5e78\u8d1f\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7070\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b81\u4eba\u5e78\u8d1f\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u5e78\u8d1f\u4f60\u7684\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u53cd\u7942\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u6211\u7279\u610f\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u79bb\u5bb6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bad\u52c9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u968f\u4ece\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u552f\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\u2019\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u8036\u7a23\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u90d1\u91cd\u5730\u5631\u5490\u4f60\u3001\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u5018\u4f7f\u4f60\u8877\u5fc3\u9075\u884c\u7942\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u4e0d\u81f4\u904d\u79bb\u6b63\u8def\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6bcf\u65e5\u671d\u665a\uff0c\u5e38\u4e8e\u7977\u544a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5b89\u6170\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u95f4\u65ad\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u72c4\u6c0f\u7ef4\u62a4\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u70ed\u70c8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5047\u5192\u4e3a\u5584\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u5c24\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\uff0c\u51e1\u8bfb\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u610f\u5473\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\u3002\u3000\u6b4c\u5fb7\uff08Johann\u3000Wolfgang\u3000von\u3000Goethe\u30001749\u20261832\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b4c\u5fb7\u7cbe\u901a\u6570\u56fd\u8bed\u6587\u3001\u4f5c\u8bd7\uff0c\u517c\u957f\u620f\u5267\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bb6\u9053\u7d20\u4e30\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002\u72c2\u6b22\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4f5c\u300a\u67cf\u529b\u6b23\u6839\u300b\uff08Gotz\u3000Von\u3000Berlichengen\uff09\u4e00\u5267\uff0c\u58f0\u540d\u626c\u6ea2\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u604b\u7231\uff0c\u4f5c\u300a\u5c11\u5e74\u7ef4\u7279\u4e4b\u70e6\u607c\u300b\uff0c\u6c89\u75db\u611f\u4eba\uff0c\u4f20\u8bf5\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e03\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u8058\u5165\u9b4f\u9a6c\u5c14\uff08Weimer\uff09\u4faf\u5ef7\uff0c\u671b\u91cd\u4e00\u65f6\u3002\u665a\u5e74\u4f5c\u300a\u6d6e\u58eb\u7279\u300b\uff08Faust\uff09\u620f\u66f2\u4e24\u518c\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4ea6\u6709\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u6781\u529b\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u6b4c\u6c0f\u66fe\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4e00\u5207\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u6211\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e43\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u96c4\u539a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u53d6\u4e4b\u65e0\u5c3d\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u5b9d\u5e93\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b4c\u6c0f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u795e\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u4e0e\u7231\u514b\u66fc\u8bba\u9053\u96c6\u300b\uff08Gesprache\u3000Nit\u3000Eckermann\uff1b\u3000371\uff0cMarch\u300011\uff1b1832\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u798f\u97f3\u4e43\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5343\u771f\u4e07\u786e\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5d07\u9ad8\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5149\u8f89\uff0c\u90fd\u4ece\u798f\u97f3\u91cc\u653e\u5c04\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5149\u8f89\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u771f\u795e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624d\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6b4c\u6c0f\u53c8\u4fe1\u7075\u9b42\u4e0d\u706d\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u66fe\u66f0\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u6c38\u6052\u91cc\u957f\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u597d\u8c61\u592a\u9633\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u591c\u665a\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\uff1b\u5176\u5b9e\u5b83\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u5149\u8292\u4e07\u4e08\uff0c\u7167\u8000\u4eba\u95f4\u3002\u201d<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u96e8\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5510\u7eb3\u6c0f\uff08R\u3002P\u3002Downes\uff09\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300aHouse\u3000with\u3000the\u3000Immortals\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u53f2\u5854\u4f5b\u6c0f\uff08M\u3002Paul\u3000Stapfer\uff09\u5728\u5176\u548c\u96e8\u679c\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u8bb0\u7740\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u996d\u540e\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u96e8\u6c0f\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u957f\u8bba\u7565\u8c13\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30008\u3002\u3000\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Samuel\u3000johnson\u30001709\u20261784\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u535a\u58eb\u65e9\u5c81\u8084\u4e1a\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u4efb\u4f26\u6566\u541b\u5b50\u6742\u5fd7\uff08Gentleman&#8217;s\u3000Magazine\uff09\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u6587\u540d\u59cb\u8457\u3002\u540e\u72ec\u529b\u7f16\u8f91\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u5e74\u5f97\u7687\u5bb6\u5956\u91d1\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u516d\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u575b\u6cf0\u6597\u3002\u8457\u4f5c\u9664\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u897f\u65b9\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4e4b\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8bd7\u4eba\u4f20\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u963f\u6bd4\u897f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u738b\u5b50\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ea6\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u6781\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6015\u7591\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6108\u52a0\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u6108\u7ecf\u8bd8\u96be\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6108\u662f\u98a0\u6251\u4e0d\u7834\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f1f\u5927\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u8083\u8003\u8651\u548c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f52\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u683c\u7f57\u4f11\u65af\uff08Glotius\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u8981\u8ffd\u7a76\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u80af\u8f7b\u6613\u76f2\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4fe1\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u725b\u987f\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u7b03\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ea6\u6c0f\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5018\u8981\u660e\u767d\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9996\u5f53\u627f\u8ba4\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e43\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u610f\u65e8\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1f\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u7b54\u590d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7ea6\u6c0f\u4e34\u7ec8\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u9752\u5e74\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4f5c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u63a2\u8bbf\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7ea6\u6c0f\u7528\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u543e\u4e00\u751f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7a0d\u8d1f\u65f6\u671b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u8981\u89c1\u6211\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u865a\u5fc3\u63a5\u7eb3\u6211\u7684\u8d60\u8a00\uff1a\u4f60\u4e00\u751f\u4e00\u4e16\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u5929\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5176\u901d\u4e16\u524d\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5bf9\u5019\u5c14\uff08Hoole\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5949\u529d\u4f60\u8bf5\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u9ed8\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e22\u5f03\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u55dc\u8bfb\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7814\u8bfb\u3001\u8bfb\u7ecf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5341\u5206\u4e13\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u4e43\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u5341\u5206\u9057\u61be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30009\u3002\u3000\u7f57\u65af\u91d1\uff08John\u3000Ruskin\u30001819\u20261900\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7f57\u65af\u91d1\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u827a\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u8ba1\u6709\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8fd1\u4ee3\u753b\u5bb6\uff0c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u77f3\u5934\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u4e03\u76cf\u660e\u706f\uff0c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u7ec8\u5c40\uff0c\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\uff08\u516d\uff09\u91d1\u6cb3\u738b\uff0c\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u81ea\u4f20\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u636e\u4e00\u4f4d\u6587\u827a\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f57\u6c0f\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6781\u6709\u521b\u9020\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6781\u529b\u62a8\u51fb\u5f53\u65f6\u6587\u827a\u7684\u865a\u5984\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u51e1\u8131\u4fd7\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u7ec6\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6234\u7740\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53c8\u751f\u52a8\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u611f\u4eba\u81f3\u6df1\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4ed6\u4eff\u4f5b\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u6234\u4e0a\u955c\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\uff0c\u4fbf\u89c9\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u7269\u3001\u82b1\u6728\u4e91\u971e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7f57\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5e84\u4e25\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6b23\u8d4f\u8d5e\u7f8e\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u65f6\u65f6\u8868\u9732\u4ed6\u5d07\u656c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u51e1\u54cd\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8036\u7a23\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u4e3a\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e38\u5728\u7530\u91ce\u5c71\u95f4\u548c\u6751\u5e84\u4e61\u50fb\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u7f8e\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f01\u56fe\u8981\u6d88\u706d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u7231\u3002\u5b66\u7ae5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6d88\u78e8\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u79d1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6687\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u656c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u51e1\u7231\u597d\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u6052\u5207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5fc3\u5730\u4ea6\u66f4\u4e3a\u5723\u6d01\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u7231\u597d\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u83ba\u6b4c\u71d5\u821e\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8d25\u5fb7\u4e27\u5fd7\uff1b\u8425\u6c42\u540d\u5229\uff0c\u5c24\u4f7f\u5fc3\u4e3a\u5176\u5f79\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u83b3\u82b1\u8d1f\u7281\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ec1\u7231\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u5fc3\u65f7\u795e\u6021\uff0c\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u300010\uff0e\u53f8\u5404\u8131\uff08Sir\u3000Twaitels\u3000Co\u3000TT\uff1b\u30001771\u20261832\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u8bd7\u4eba\u3001\u8457\u540d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u53f8\u5404\u8131\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u6ca1\u843d\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u53d7\u5176\u7236\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u65e9\u5c81\u4e60\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u5b66\u4e8e\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u505a\u8fc7\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4efb\u8fc7\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u9ad8\u7b49\u6c11\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5ead\u957f\uff0c\u88ab\u5c01\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7537\u7235\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\u53f8\u6c0f\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5360\u91cd\u8981\u663e\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u3001\u8428\u514b\u96f7\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5df4\u5c14\u624e\u514b\u3001\u5927\u4ef2\u9a6c\u96e8\u679c\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u5e0c\u91d1\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u6c0f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u6781\u5177\u5386\u53f2\u6829\u5b9e\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u624b\u7b14\u3002\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u8d77\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u5230\u516b\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u65f6\u671f\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u827e\u51e1\u8d6b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5bc6\u5f97\u897f\u6069\u76d1\u72f1\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u7b49\u4e16\u754c\u540d\u8457\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u53f8\u6c0f\u62a8\u51fb\u97ad\u631e\u5f53\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u8150\u5316\u3001\u53db\u9053\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7b03\u4fe1\u3001\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6324\u8eab\u4e0a\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u53f8\u6c0f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5176\u6240\u8457\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u66f2\u5531\u51fa\u7684\u5723\u8bd7\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5782\u7231\u7684\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\uff0c<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5974\u5f79\u4e4b\u56fd\u9041\u9003\uff0c<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u2014\u2014\u4eb2\u4f5c\u70df\u548c\u706b\u67f1\u7684\u5411\u5bfc\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u767d\u5929\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u60ca\u6050\u7684\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u4e91\u67f1\u7ec6\u8f7b\u7f13\u6ed1\u52a8\uff0c<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u591c\u665a\uff0c\u7edb\u7ea2\u7684\u706b\u67f1\u5f52\u6765\uff0c\u7167\u8000\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6c99\u6f20\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u6c0f\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed3\u4f20\u300b\uff08Life\u3000of\u3000Napoleon\uff09\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u5723\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u5730\u653b\u51fb\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62ff\u7834\u4ed3\u4e4b\u7b03\u4fe1\u5723\u9053\uff0c\u5c24\u6709\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u3002\uff08\u53e6\u8be6\uff1a\u672c\u4e66\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\u62ff\u7834\u4ed3\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e34\u7ec8\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u636e\u5176\u5973\u5a7f\u9646\u54c8\u5fb7\uff08Lockhrt\uff09\u5728\u4e3a\u53f8\u6c0f\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e2d\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u53f8\u6c0f\u5429\u5490\u9646\u54c8\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u62ff\u6765\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8981\u54ea\u672c\u4e66\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u53f8\u6c0f\u53cd\u95ee\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8fd8\u8981\u95ee\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u95ee\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e66\u5417\uff1f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u4ed6\u5973\u5a7f\u6253\u5f00\u5723\u7ecf\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53f8\u6c0f\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8fd9\u7ae0\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u771f\u7ed9\u6211\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8981\u5bf9\u4f60\u8bb2\uff1a\u4f60\u52a1\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u656c\u8654\u6709\u5fb7\u7684\u5584\u826f\u4e4b\u58eb\uff0c\u4fe1\u9760\u8fd9\u5723\u4e66\u7684\u8bdd\uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f8\u6c0f\u5e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5b9d\u85cf\u65e0\u7a77\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6700\u6709\u5b66\u95ee\u3001\u6700\u654f\u9510\u3001\u6700\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u7cbe\u7814\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a77\u5c3d\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1b\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u5b9d\u85cf\uff0c\u8d8a\u52a0\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u8d8a\u89c9\u4e30\u5bcc\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u300011\u3002\u3000\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\uff08William\u3000Shalespeare\u30001564\u20261616\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u8bd7\u4eba\u517c\u620f\u5267\u5bb6\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u5931\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u4e94\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u8d74\u4f26\u6566\u4e3a\u4f36\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u66ff\u5267\u573a\u8bd1\u6539\u53e4\u5178\u3002\u4e00\u4e94\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u521b\u7f16\u5267\u672c\uff0c\u81ea\u6210\u6770\u4f5c\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u7bc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8457\u79f0\u4e8e\u4e16\u8457\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u5927\u60b2\u5267\uff1b\uff08\u4e00\uff09Hamlet\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09Macbeth\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09Othello\uff1b\uff08\u56db\uff09King\u3000Lear\u3002\u8457\u540d\u559c\u5267\u6709\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ef2\u590f\u591c\u4e4b\u68a6\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u7686\u5927\u6b22\u559c\uff0c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4ee5\u5c3a\u62a5\u5c3a\u3002\u8bd7\u96c6\u51fa\u7248\u8005\uff0c\u6709\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09Venus\u3000and\u3000Adonis\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09Lucrece\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u77ed\u6b4c\uff08Sdonis\uff09\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u838e\u6c0f\u867d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9053\u5b66\u5148\u751f\uff08Mora\u3000teacher\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u5fc5\u53c2\u52a0\u5d07\u62dc\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u7ec8\u751f\u4e0d\u8f8d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u5e38\u5e38\u8c08\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5374\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u7f6a\u548c\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u516c\u4e49\u548c\u6148\u7231\uff0c\u7528\u9ad8\u96c5\u7684\u8bd7\u6587\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9057\u5631\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4ea4\u5728\u6211\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u9760\u7740\u6211\u6551\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u798f\u5206\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u300012\u3002\u3000\u6258\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\uff08Lel\u3000Tolstoy\u30001826\u20261910\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4fc4\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u4e3a\u4e16\u88ad\u4f2f\u7235\u3001\u5e7c\u5b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5144\u59b9\u5bc4\u517b\u53d4\u6bcd\u5bb6\u3002\u5e74\u5341\u4e94\uff0c\u5165\u5361\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\uff08University\u3000of\u3000Kazan\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u538c\u6076\u5b66\u8bfe\uff0c\u501f\u6545\u9000\u5b66\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\uff0c\u5165\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u70ae\u5175\u961f\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c81\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5176\u5904\u5973\u4f5c\u300a\u5e7c\u5e74\u300b\uff08Childhood\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u6218\u80a1\uff1b\u6218\u540e\u6f2b\u6e38\u6b27\u9646\u3002\u5f52\u540e\u4e8e\u6545\u4e61\u529e\u5b66\uff0c\u6f5c\u5fc3\u8457\u8ff0\uff1b\u540e\u53c8\u5c3d\u5f03\u5bb6\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fc7\u519c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8457\u6709\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5b89\u5a1c\u3002\u5361\u5217\u59ae\u5a1c\uff0c\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5fcf\u6094\u5f55\uff0c\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4e3b\u4e0e\u4ec6\uff0c\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4eba\u751f\u8bba\uff0c\uff08\u516d\uff09\u827a\u672f\u8bba\uff0c\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u6211\u4e4b\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u4e66\u3002\u6258\u6c0f\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u571f\u516c\u6709\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fc4\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6258\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u8eab\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5bf9\u795e\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5374\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u9003\u51fa\u5361\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u90fd\u4e22\u5f03\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\u3000\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001\u3002\u3000\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\uff08Chirstopher\u3000Cloumbus\u30001451\u20261506\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u6c0f\u6df1\u4fe1\u5730\u5706\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b32\u5411\u897f\u884c\uff0c\u63a2\u5bfb\u4e9a\u6d32\u822a\u8def\u3002\u4e00\u56db\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5f97\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u738b\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u7b2c\u4e94\u53ca\u4e94\u540e\u4e4b\u8d5e\u52a9\uff0c\u7387\u8230\u4e09\u8258\uff0c\u51fa\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\uff0c\u4e58\u98ce\u7834\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u8270\u9669\uff0c\u7ec8\u6e21\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u5df4\u54c8\u9a6c\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08Bahamas\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u822a\uff0c\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u53ca\u5357\u7f8e\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u4ea6\u6b21\u7b2c\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u54e5\u6c0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u72ec\u5230\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\/\u767e\u6298\u4e0d\u6320\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u5d07\u9ad8\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5bf9\u771f\u795e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u3002\u7231\u6587\uff08Washimgton\u3000Irving\uff09\u5728\u5176\u4e3a\u54e5\u6c0f\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u5317\u6781\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u4e00\u516b\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u5165\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u53ca\u7279\u62c9\u6cd5\u52a0\u6d77\u6218\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u529f\u52cb\uff0c\u55e3\u540e\u5c61\u8d74\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n\u3000\u30002\u3002\u3000\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\uff08Sir\u3000John\u3000Franklin\u30001786\u20261848\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u5317\u6781\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u4e00\u516b\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u5165\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u53ca\u7279\u62c9\u6cd5\u52a0\u6d77\u6218\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u529f\u52cb\uff0c\u55e3\u540e\u5c61\u8d74\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u53ca\u54c8\u5fb7\u900a\u6e7e\u6df1\u9669\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u5341\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u518d\u8d74\u5317\u6781\u63a2\u5bfb\u897f\u5317\u822a\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u8fd4\uff1b\u4e24\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u89c5\u5f97\u5176\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u4e16\u79f0\u7ea6\u6c0f\u4e3a\u81ea\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u81f3\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u897f\u5317\u822a\u8def\u4e4b\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ea6\u6c0f\u4e43\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9177\u7231\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u516b\u4e8c\u25cb\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u6c0f\u5e74\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5c81\uff0c\u88ab\u6d3e\u8d74\u5317\u6781\u63a2\u9669\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u201c\u63a2\u9669\u5821\u201d\uff08Fort\u3000Enterprising\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5927\u718a\u6e56\uff08Great\u3000Bear\u3000Lake\uff09\u548c\u5927\u5974\u6e56\uff08Great\u3000Slave\u3000Lake\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b0\u5929\u96ea\u5730\u7684\u8352\u50fb\u4e4b\u533a\u3002\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u56f0\u5b88\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4f34\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u4e0e\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u73b0\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u524d\u6240\u672a\u609f\u7684\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5999\u5904\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u59ca\u59b9\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5018\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u4fbf\u5e94\u8ffd\u95ee\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u6551\u4e4b\u3002\u7136\u5176\u4e00\u65e6\u4e86\u609f\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u5f97\u6551\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5176\u4e50\u800c\u8a00\u5ba3\u3002\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f6a\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u9053\u8def\u3001\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\uff08\u7ea614\uff1a6\uff09\uff1b\u51e1\u662f\u5230\u7942\u524d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7942\u5fc5\u4e0d\u4e22\u5f03\uff08\u7ea66\uff1a37\uff09\uff1b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8fd8\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u6bd4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u5feb\u4e50\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u8fd9\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u6df1\u5370\u4eba\u5fc3\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u7528\u611f\u6069\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6765\u656c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5417\uff1f\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ea6\u6c0f\u81ea\u4e00\u516b\u4e8c\u25cb\u5f52\u4f9d\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6df1\u611f\u4e0e\u4e3b\u540c\u5728\u7684\u559c\u4e50\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u822a\u884c\u5230\u5929\u6daf\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u5e94\u5230\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u62a4\u4f51\u7740\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8239\u5458\u5728\u5176\u5bb6\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5728\u8239\u4e0a\u4fe8\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u671d\u665a\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e3e\u884c\u5d07\u62dc\u4f1a\uff0c\u65e9\u6668\u503c\u73ed\u4e0d\u80fd\u793c\u62dc\u7684\uff0c\u5e38\u5728\u665a\u4e0a\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u8239\u5458\u4eec\u90fd\u656c\u7231\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u7eb5\u6709\u5168\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u4e3b\u6559\u201d\uff01<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30003\u3002\u3000\u7f57\u5229\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir\u3000Walter\u3000Raleigh\u30001552\u202618\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7f57\u5229\u7235\u58eb\u4e43\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6027\u597d\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u63a2\u536b\u8d74\u7f8e\u3002\u7f57\u6c0f\u6df1\u4fe1\u7075\u547d\u6c38\u751f\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u656c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7167\u7942\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u9020\u7684\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u5949\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b7b\u540e\u5fc5\u5f97\u5584\u62a5\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u540e\u7f57\u6c0f\u88ab\u4eba\u8bec\u4e0b\u72f1\uff0c\u5728\u72f1\u4e2d\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u300b\uff08History\u3000of\u3000the\u3000Word\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u6c0f\u5728\u4e34\u5211\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8981\u53ca\u65f6\u656c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8e49\u8dce\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u4ece\u7942\u5f97\u5230\u6c38\u4e16\u7684\u65e0\u7a76\u5c3d\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\uff1b\u6559\u4f60\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8d81\u5e74\u5e7c\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u656c\u7231\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5949\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u8ba9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4f60\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u4f5c\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u662f\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79bb\u5f00\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u201d\u3000<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4f59\u5373\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5168\u80fd\u6c38\u5728\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u91cf\u65e0\u9650\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u3001\u81f3\u5723\u81f3\u5584\u7684\u5929\u7236\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7942\u4e43\u662f\u771f\u5149\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u613f\u7942\u4fdd\u4f51\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u601c\u60af\u6211\uff0c\u8d66\u514d\u8bec\u544a\u6211\uff0c\u903c\u5bb3\u6211\u7684\u4ec7\u4eba\uff1b\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7942\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u8363\u8000\u91cc\u76f8\u89c1\u2026\u2026\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30004\u3002\u3000\u6c99\u79d1\u5c14\u987f\uff08Sir\u3000Ernest\u3000Shackelton\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u56fd\u5357\u6781\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u6c99\u79d1\u5c14\u987f\u7235\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5357\u6587\u300b\uff08Sorth\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63cf\u5199\u4ed6\u7684\u60ca\u9669\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\uff0c\u771f\u4ee4\u8bfb\u8005\u89e6\u76ee\u60ca\u5fc3\uff0c\u6709\u6c38\u4e0d\u78e8\u706d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u56de\u60f3\u4ee5\u5f80\u79cd\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ee4\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u63a2\u9669\u961f\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u786e\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6e21\u8fc7\u51b0\u5929\u96ea\u5730\u3001\u72c2\u98ce\u51db\u5389\u7684\u5927\u6d77\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u90a3\u4e00\u6b21\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ffb\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5357\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\uff08Southern\u3000Georgia\uff09\u91cd\u91cd\u51b0\u5c71\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u4f34\u4e09\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u70b9\u4ece\u672a\u5411\u540c\u4f34\u4eec\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u534e\u65af\u6765\uff08Worsley\uff09\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u8239\u957f\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u5999\u7684\u611f\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u8fd9\u6b21\u5357\u6781\u957f\u5f81\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e43\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\uff08Another\u3000Person\uff09\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u6309\u53c2\u9605\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4e66\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002\u90a3\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\uff01\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u4ed6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u79bb\u82f1\u63a2\u9669\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u8ff0\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6bcf\u6b21\u63a2\u9669\u822a\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u8bd7\u7bc7139\uff1a9\u300110\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u2018\u6211\u82e5\u5c55\u5f00\u6e05\u6668\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u98de\u5230\u6d77\u6781\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u88ae\u7684\u624b\u5fc5\u5f15\u6211\uff0c\u88ae\u7684\u53f3\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u6276\u6301\u6211\u3002\u2019\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bd7\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u786e\u5207\u63cf\u5199\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u9669\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30005\u3002\u3000\u53f2\u5766\u5229\uff08Sir\u3000Henry\u3000M\u3002Stanley\u30001841\u20261904\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53f2\u5766\u5229\u7235\u58eb\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u674e\u6587\u65af\u987f\uff08Livingstone\uff09\u7684\u627f\u7ee7\u8005\u3002\u53f2\u6c0f\u539f\u540d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u7f57\u5170\u6cbb\uff08John\u3000Rowlands\uff09\uff0c\u65e9\u5c81\u8d74\u7f8e\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u540c\u76df\u519b\uff0c\u65cb\u5165\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u5949\u547d\u8d74\u83f2\uff0c\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u8d74\u83f2\u4f5c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63a2\u9669\uff0c\u7ed5\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u6e56\u822a\u884c\u4e00\u5468\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e0c\u7c73\u7ea6\u6cb3\uff08Shimeeyr\u3000River\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5949\u547d\u8d74\u83f2\u4e3b\u6301\u521a\u679c\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u4e4b\u5174\u5efa\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u53f2\u6c0f\u81ea\u8ff0\u5176\u5f52\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u521d\u89c1\u674e\u6587\u65af\u987f\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u89c1\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5565\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u6d3b\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u2019<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u5904\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u542c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\u4ed6\u90a3\u79cd\u7231\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fbf\u628a\u6211\u7ed9\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6211\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7231\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u656c\u8654\u3001\u6e29\u548c\u3001\u70ed\u5fc3\u3001\u8bda\u6073\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5904\u7406\u5723\u5de5\u4e4b\u4ece\u5bb9\u5b89\u8be6\uff0c\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u529d\u6211\u5f52\u4e3b\uff0c\u6211\u5374\u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981\u7684\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u611f\u5316\uff0c\u5f52\u4f9d\u4e86\u6551\u4e3b\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30006\u3002\u3000\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u845b\u5170\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08John\u3000Gkenn\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u845b\u5170\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6c0f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u636e\u5176\u7267\u5e08\u7231\u4e91\u6c0f\uff08Frank\u3000A\u3002Erwin\uff09\u79f0\uff0c\u845b\u6c0f\u4e8e\u6bcf\u9022\u4e3b\u65e5\u5fc5\u5230\u6559\u5802\u53c2\u52a0\u5d07\u62dc\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff1b\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u5927\u96ea\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u65e9\u6765\u4f1a\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u94f2\u96ea\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4f17\u5747\u53ef\u4e58\u8f66\u76f4\u8fbe\u6559\u5802\u95e8\u53e3\uff0c\u8db3\u8bc1\u5176\u4e50\u9053\u7231\u4eba\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u845b\u6c0f\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u4e3a\u4f55\u4fe1\u795e\u300b\uff08Why\u3000I\u3000Know\u3000There\u3000Is\u3000a\u3000God\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u79f0\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u98de\u884c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u98de\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7cbe\u5fae\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53e6\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u6478\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u822a\u884c\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u6307\u5357\u9488\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6307\u6325\u90a3\u6307\u5357\u9488\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u867d\u8d85\u4e4e\u4eba\u7684\u5b98\u611f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e6\u6478\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76ee\u7779\uff1b\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5374\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u53ef\u63a8\u8bff\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u6297\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u822a\u884c\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u6ce8\u89c6\u90a3\u2018\u6307\u5357\u9488\u2019\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4fbf\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u9886\u4f1a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u987b\u81fe\u6216\u79bb\u57fa\u7763\u5723\u9053\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u300a\u8bfb\u8005\u6587\u6458\u300b\uff08Reader&#8217;s\u3000Digest\uff09\uff1bJuly\uff1b1962\uff09<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u541b\u738b\u4e0e\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\uff08Napoleon\u3000Bonapsrte\u30001769\u20261821\uff09<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f85\u4ed6\u88ab\u56da\u4e8e\u5723\u8d6b\u52d2\u62ff\u5c9b\uff0c\u60e8\u8d25\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u611f\u609f\u5230\u4e16\u4e8b\u4e4b\u865a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5e38\u5e38\u8bfb\u7ecf\uff0c\u5e76\u548c\u4ed6\u968f\u4ece\u4eba\u5458\u8c08\u8bba\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u67cf\u7279\u90ce\u5c06\u519b\uff08Genral\u3000Bertrand\uff09\u8bba\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u795e\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u8bf4\uff1a<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5916\u90a6\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\uff0c\u8bd5\u95ee\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u5938\u81ea\u8d1f\u7684\u90aa\u795e\u548c\u6559\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5782\u6559\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u52aa\u739b\uff08Numa\u3000Pompilius\u3000715\u2026672\u3000B\u3002C\u3002\u3000\u6309\uff1a\u52aa\u6c0f\u76f8\u4f20\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u541b\u738b\uff09\u3001\u83b1\u514b\u53e4\u601d\uff08Lycurgus\u3000396\u2026325\u3000B\u3002C\u3002\u3000\u6309\uff1a\u83b1\u6c0f\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u796d\u53f8\u5bb6\uff0c\u76f8\u4f20\u4e3a\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u4e4b\u95e8\u5f92\uff0c\u6b7b\u540e\u4eba\u6c11\u5949\u4e4b\u4e3a\u795e\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u3001\u5b54\u5b50\u3001\u9ed8\u7f55\u9ed8\u5f97\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5fc5\u6b7b\u7684\u51e1\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u5417\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u90fd\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u832b\u7136\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90aa\u795e\uff0c\u80fd\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u76f8\u6bd4\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u6562\u8bf4\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u521b\u6559\u8005\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee4\u6211\u6298\u670d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u975e\u85d0\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u5b9e\u662f\u5c0a\u656c\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u771f\u795e\u542f\u793a\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\uff01\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u8d85\u51e1\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f31\u70b9\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u7942\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff1b\u7942\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u548c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u524d\u672a\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u7942\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u5723\u8303\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u3002\u7942\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u80fd\u5c55\u793a\u795e\u8ff9\uff1b\u7942\u53c8\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u656c\u62dc\uff1b\u7942\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u8bba\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bf4\u670d\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u5bf9\u7942\u5fc3\u60a6\u8bda\u670d\uff1b\u7942\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5176\u5b9e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u964d\u4e16\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8981\u542f\u793a\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff1b\u7942\u4e43\u662f\u6765\u62ef\u6551\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7942\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2026\u2026\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e43\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u7942\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u6b21\u8981\uff0c\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u5df2\u7ecf\u6218\u80dc\uff0c\u91cd\u83b7\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80dc\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e005\uff1a4\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8ba5\u7b11\uff0c\u90fd\u8c61\u623f\u5b50\u5012\u584c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5e9f\u589f\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u7942\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u5947\u5999\u7684\u4e3b\u554a\uff01\u7942\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u6709\u529b\u554a\uff01\u8c01\u80fd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5462\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u548c\u7942\u654c\u5bf9\u5462\uff1f\u7942\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u6700\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6700\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1b\u662f\u773c\u672a\u66fe\u89c1\uff0c\u7406\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d4b\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u7ecf\u5386\u4e07\u96be\u5343\u9669\u7684\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f97\u80dc\u56de\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u5947\u5999\u3001\u60ca\u9669\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff1b\u82e5\u975e\u8eab\u5386\u5176\u5883\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8c01\u6562\u5426\u8ba4\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56fa\u89c9\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u65e0\u6743\u5426\u8ba4\u3002\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u8bf4\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u6211\u5bf9\u4f60\u4eec\u8bf4\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c1a\u4e14\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff1b\u82e5\u8bf4\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u4fe1\u5462\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u4ece\u5929\u964d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u5728\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u5b50\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5347\u8fc7\u5929\u3002\u2019\uff09\u201d\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff09<br \/>\n<br 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