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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u8258\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u60ac\u82f1\u65d7\u3002\u53f6\u540d\u741b\u7684\u5175\u58eb\u767b\u8f6e\u5c06\u82f1\u65d7\u62c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u7ed9\u82f1\u4eba\u4ee5\u7528\u5175\u4e4b\u501f\u53e3\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u7f18\u7531\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u5e7f\u897f\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\uff08CrimeanWar\uff09\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5175\u58eb\u7684\u53db\u53d8\uff08SepoyMutiny\uff09\u5c06\u8fd9\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u8fdf\u7f13\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u82f1\u6cd5\u90e8\u961f\u4e00\u5ea6\u96c6\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281857\u5e74\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u653b\u5360\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u65f6\u540d\u741b\u88ab\u4fd8\uff0c\u5ba2\u6b7b\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u3002\u5e7f\u5dde\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u53d7\u82f1\u4eba\u6cbb\u74063\u5e74\u3002<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7981\u9e26\u7247\u3001\u5a3c\u5993\u3001\u7f20\u8db3\u3001\u5b16\u59be\u4e0e\u8d4c\u535a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u63d0\u5021\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0d\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u4eba\u7269\u59bb\u59be\u6210\u7fa4\u3002\u5b9a\u90fd\u4e8e\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5404\u738b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u751f\u6d3b\u4fed\u6734\u30021856\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5df2\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u503e\u8f67\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5929\u671d\u7530\u4ea9\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u5373\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u65b9\u5f0f\u5199\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ea\u662f\u7eb8\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u201c\u5929\u671d\u201d\u4e5f\u4e3e\u884c\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u8003\u5377\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u51fa\u9898\u4eba\u4ea6\u6765\u770b\u6e05\u8fd9\u79d1\u4e3e\u53d6\u58eb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6e58\u519b\u4e0e\u6dee\u519b<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8e\u662f\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5f97\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u6b63\u5b97\u4f5c\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u527f\u706d\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u671d\u5ef7\u6587\u804c\u4e4b\u58eb\u3002\u548c300\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u621a\u7ee7\u5149\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u6e58\u52c7\u201d\u62db\u52df\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u7531\u4ed6\u4e00\u624b\u9009\u62d4\uff0c\u5185\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u66fe\u4e4b\u6545\u91cc\u6e56\u4e61\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u90e8\u961f\u95f4\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de9\u56fa\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u8d39\u51fa\u81ea\u201c\u5398\u91d1\u201d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u8f6c\u53e3\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u81ea\u613f\u6350\u52a9\u4e0e\u52d2\u6d3e\u5747\u6709\u3002\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6c34\u5e08\u5176\u5b9e\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e24\u6816\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u8d77\u5c45\u4e8e\u5185\u6cb3\u822a\u8239\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6301\u6709\u706b\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u6218\u4e8b\u5e26\u673a\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u6e58\u52c7\u9996\u5148\u4e3a\u56e2\u7ec3\uff0c\u96c7\u4f63\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6210\u6548\u8d85\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u90e8\u961f\uff0c1854\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u5f81\u5404\u7701\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u6570\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u4e4b2\u4e07\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u6570\u500d\u3002\u6e58\u519b\u4e0e\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5168\u9762\u6218\u6597\u5c55\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u53ca\u5176\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u6d41\u5373\u6e58\u6c5f\u4e0e\u8d63\u6c5f\u6210\u4e3a\u62c9\u952f\u4e89\u593a\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u6709\u5899\u56f4\u4e4b\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u6218\u7565\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u88ab\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u5c1a\u4ee5\u5176\u64cd\u7eb5\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u6545\u3002\u4ea4\u6218\u4e24\u65b9\u90fd\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u65bd\u7528\u6b8b\u66b4\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6740\u4fd8\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5c61\u89c1\u53e0\u51fa\u3002\u6218\u533a\u98df\u7269\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002\u53c8\u75ab\u75be\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u800c\u52a9\u6210\u4ee5\u540e\u6218\u4e8b\u4e4b\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f1860\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u5185\u5730\u7701\u4efd\u4e4b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5c1a\u6b7b\u7070\u590d\u71c3\uff0c\u5c06\u53db\u53d8\u5f15\u4f38\u5230\u957f\u6c5f\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u6cbf\u6d77\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u82cf\u5dde\u3001\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e3a\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e1d\u7ef8\u5de5\u4e1a\u906d\u53d7\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u624b\u4e0b\u4e4b\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4ece\u6b64\u9732\u8138\u3002\u4ed6\u4eff\u6548\u6e58\u519b\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u652f\u6dee\u519b\u3002\u6ee1\u6e05\u5bf9\u82f1\u6cd5\u6218\u4e8b\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u201c\u5e38\u80dc\u519b\u201d\u4e5f\u53c2\u52a0\u8ba8\u4f10\u5927\u5e73\u519b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u6765\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u5546\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u519b\uff0c\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e3a\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4fdd\u536b\u672c\u5730\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\u7531\u5217\u5f3a\u8d5e\u52a9\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\u52a9\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u7ee9\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u534e\u5fb7\uff08FrederickTownsendWard\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u5c06\u6208\u767b\uff08CharlesGeorgeGordon\uff09\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u58f0\u540d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u8944\u52a9\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8083\u6e05\u4e86\u4e1c\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u66fe\u4e4b\u6e58\u519b\u4e8e1864\u5e747\u6708\u6536\u590d\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u4e8e\u4e8b\u524d\u670d\u6bd2\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u8083\u6e05\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5728\u798f\u5efa\u4e4b\u6b8b\u90e8\u4e8e\u6b21\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5373\u662f\u6700\u540e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u6218\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u56db\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u57d2\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u5185\u6218\u6b7b\u4f24\u4eba\u6570\u66f4\u591a\u2461\uff0c\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53cd\u5c11\u3002\u81ea\u5f3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u201c\u81ea\u5f3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u540d\u79f0\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u201c\u5929\u884c\u5065\uff0c\u541b\u5b50\u4ee5\u81ea\u5f3a\u4e0d\u606f\u201d\u800c\u6765\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u6807\u8bed\u6982\u62ec1860\u81f31870\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u6548\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u5df2\u8868\u73b0\u7740\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u63d0\u5021\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u6050\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5fc5\u88ab\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u56e0\u4e4b\u5f15\u7ecf\u636e\u5178\u5f3a\u8c03\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e3e\u52a8\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u7528\u201c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e3a\u793c\uff0c\u897f\u5b66\u4e3a\u7528\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u5b66\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u65e0\u975e\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6027\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u8131\u79bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7eb5\u6709\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5176\u6001\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u82db\u523b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7ef4\u65b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u8303\u56f4\u5982\u662f\u7a84\u72ed\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u4ece\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u30001860\u5e74\u5404\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba2\u7acb\u548c\u7ea6\u4e4b\u540e10\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u53cc\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u826f\u597d\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u65e2\u5df2\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u65bd\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u5982\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u53ca\u5df4\u590f\u793c\uff08HenryParkes\uff09\u5df2\u79bb\u534e\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u7269\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u963f\u793c\u56fd\uff08RutherfordAlcock\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u4f7f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff08AnsonBurlingame\uff09\u548c\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u603b\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u4e4b\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u8d6b\u5fb7\uff08RobertHart\uff09\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u53cc\u65b9\u5f00\u8bda\u5584\u610f\u76f8\u5f85\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u82e5\u4e88\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u5c06\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4e3a\u201c\u8bae\u653f\u201d\uff0c\u8f85\u52a9\u5e7c\u5e74\u7687\u5e1d\u540c\u6cbb\uff08\u672c\u540d\u8f7d\u6df3\uff0c1862\u4e001874\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\u6761\u7ea6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5929\u5730\u65e0\u4ece\u89c4\u907f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u5e94\u5bf9\u6761\u6587\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f53\u5984\u60f3\u501f\u673a\u5e9f\u9664\u518d\u56de\u590d\u4ee5\u524d\u5916\u5937\u8fdb\u8d21\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u548c\u8c10\u4e4b\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u81ea\u5f3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\u6709\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u81ea\u5f3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u8868\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u5fd7\u5355\u7b80\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u79d1\u6280\u4ee5\u5145\u5b9e\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6539\u9769\u8005\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u8f6e\u8239\u4e0e\u67aa\u70ae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u662f\u8239\u575e\u4e0e\u5175\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u59a8\u788d\u65e7\u6709\u6cd5\u5236\u89c4\u7ae0\u3002\u6240\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u201c\u6d0b\u52a1\u201d\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u9884\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e7\u5f0f\u5b98\u50da\u624b\u4e0b\u4e4b\u6280\u672f\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u66f4\u53d8\uff0c\u79d1\u4e3e\u53d6\u58eb\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n<br 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\/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5175\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u9020\u8239\u5c40\u8bbe\u7acb\u65f6\u597d\u50cf\u5546\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u96f6\u4ef6\u4f9b\u5e94\u8005\u548c\u63a8\u9500\u5458\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5916\u9762\u6709\u6765\u5f80\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u677e\u61c8\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u8d26\u76ee\u65e0\u4ece\u8ba4\u771f\u6838\u7b97\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u4ece\u7f16\u5236\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u672c\u8eab\u5c1a\u65e0\u9884\u7b97\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u4eba\u4e8b\u4e4b\u7ba1\u5236\u5fc5\u6f2b\u65e0\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u5373\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4eba\u4e8b\u7ba1\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u79f0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u60c5\u5f62\u4e3a\u201c\u8150\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u89c9\u3002\u8150\u5316\u5fc5\u7531\u4ee5\u524d\u6b63\u5e38\u4e4b\u5f62\u6001\u6076\u5316\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u52a0\u4ee5\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u4e8b\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u5728\u5176\u6076\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u786e\u66fe\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u811a\u3002<br \/>\n<br 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