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\/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bd5\u6216\u4e00\u5c0f\u7ec4\u88ab\u8bd5\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u95ee\u5377\u6216\u8bbf\u8c08\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6001\u5ea6\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u666e\u901a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u53d8\u6001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u5c5e\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u54a8\u8be2\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u4eba\u4e8b\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u5c5e\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd40\u5e74\u4ee370\uff05\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4ece80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e13\u5bb6\u5927\u591a\u5728\u8bca\u6240\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f53\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c3\u3000\u7ae0\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7406\u57fa\u7840<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u4e00\u5207\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u7531\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u653e\u7535\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u9020\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u4f53\u3001\u6811\u7a81\u548c\u8f74\u7a81\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6309\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u8d28\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u611f\u89c9\u7ecf\u5143\u5c06\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u611f\u89c9\u53d7\u4f53\u4f20\u81f3\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u4f20\u81f3\u817a\u4f53\u548c\u8eaf\u4f53\u808c\u8089\uff1b\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5c0f\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7a81\u89e6\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u51b2\u52a8\u4f20\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u53d1\u751f\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u653e\u7535\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u9759\u606f\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9759\u606f\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u5f53\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e48\u53bb\u6781\u5316\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7535\u4f4d\u8d1f\u6027\u51cf\u5f31\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8fc7\u6781\u5316\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7535\u4f4d\u8d1f\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u819c\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\u8868\u9762\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u79f0\u4e3a\u6e10\u53d8\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53bb\u6781\u5316\u7684\u6e10\u53d8\u7535\u4f4d\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u9650\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u7535\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5bfc\u81f4\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u53d7\u4f53\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5174\u594b\u6216\u6291\u5236\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u65e0\u5bfc\u7ba1\u7684\u817a\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6ccc\u6fc0\u7d20\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u8eaf\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u6db2\u4f20\u9001\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8865\u5145\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CNS\uff09\u548c\u5916\u5468\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\uff08PNS\u3000\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u8111\u548c\u810a\u9ad3\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8111\u90e8\u5206\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u8111\u5e72\u3001\u5c0f\u8111\u3001\u524d\u8111\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u810a\u9ad3\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ad9\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u8eaf\u4f53\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5230\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e2d\u67a2\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u4ee4\u4f20\u56de\u808c\u8089\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u524d\u8111\u7531\u4e0b\u4e18\u8111\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u548c\u5927\u8111\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e0b\u4e18\u8111\u53c2\u4e0e\u8c03\u8282\u591a\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u98df\u3001\u7761\u7720\u3001\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u4f53\u9a8c\u7b49\u3002\u4e18\u8111\u4e3a\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u8d77\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ad9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5927\u8111\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u76ae\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ae\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u3002\u8fb9\u7f18\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u53c2\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u57fa\u5730\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u7ed3\u6784\u53c2\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u5927\u8111\u7531\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u81f4\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u534a\u7403\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e24\u534a\u7403\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u80fc\u80dd\u4f53\u662f\u4e24\u534a\u7403\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u534a\u7403\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5916\u5c42\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u76b1\u6298\u5f62\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u6c9f\u56de\u548c\u88c2\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c9f\u548c\u88c2\uff0c\u53ef\u628a\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5206\u4e3a\u989d\u53f6\u3001\u9876\u53f6\u3001\u6795\u53f6\u548c\u989e\u53f6\u3002\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u534f\u8c03\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u516c\u5fb7\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u65b9\u9762\uff1b\u9876\u53f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u542c\u89c9\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u6795\u53f6\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u4e13\u95e8\u533a\u57df\uff1b\u989e\u53f6\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5305\u62ec\u89e6\u89c9\u3001\u8eaf\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5272\u88c2\u8111\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5355\u4fa7\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u7403\u5904\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u5916\u5468\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u5411\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f20\u9001\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5916\u5468\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u8eaf\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8eaf\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4ece\u76ae\u80a4\u3001\u808c\u8089\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u8c61\u773c\u775b\u7b49\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u4f53\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6784\u6210\u3002\u81ea\u4e3b\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u8c61\u5fc3\u8df3\u3001\u6d88\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u547c\u5438\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u4ea4\u611f\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u9762\u5bf9\u5a01\u80c1\u505a\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff09\u548c\u526f\u4ea4\u611f\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f7f\u8eaf\u4f53\u590d\u539f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8eaf\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u73af\u5883\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u521a\u521a\u6709\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f88\u591a\u5fc3\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u667a\u529b\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u7b49\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9057\u4f20\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u77e5\u89c9<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u611f\u89c9\u6307\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u77e5\u89c9\u6307\u5927\u8111\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u3001\u55c5\u89c9\u3001\u5473\u89c9\u3001\u80a4\u89c9\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e94\u611f\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u6240\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u9053\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff1a1\uff09\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u30002\uff09\u611f\u548c\u77e5\u89c9\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u30003\uff09\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u77e5\u89c9\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u3000\u611f\u89c9\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u5206\u5316\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u4f5c\u51fa\u5e94\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u8981\u4f7f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u77e5\u89c9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u5c0f\u7269\u7406\u80fd\u91cf\u79f0\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u9608\u9650\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u68c0\u6d4b\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u6620\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53cd\u5e94\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u62a5\u544a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u8fa8\u522b\u4e24\u79cd\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e24\u523a\u6fc0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5dee\u522b\u9608\u9650\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u89c9\u5dee\uff0cjnd\uff09\u3002\u97e6\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e24\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u591a\u91cd\uff0c\u5dee\u522b\u9608\u9650\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8d39\u5e0c\u7eb3\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u89c9\u91cf\u7269\u7406\u5ba2\u89c2\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u65af\u8482\u6587\u601d\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u4f30\u8ba1\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5e42\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u91cf\u968f\u523a\u6fc0\u91cf\u7684\u4e58\u65b9\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u523a\u6fc0\u91cf\u7684\u4e58\u65b9\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u611f\u89c9\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u53cd\u5e94\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u773c\u775b\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5149\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5149\u7ebf\u901a\u8fc7\u89d2\u819c\u3001\u77b3\u5b54\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u805a\u7126\u5230\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e0a\u3002\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e0a\u6709\u89c6\u6746\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u89c6\u6746\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u5149\u7ebf\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u660f\u6697\u5149\u7ebf\u4e0b\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\uff1b\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u6ce2\u7279\u522b\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7f51\u819c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u7a9d\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u611f\u53d7\u91ce\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u533a\u57df\u3002\u7279\u5f81\u89c9\u5bdf\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u6795\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u611f\u53d7\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u7ad6\u6761\u6216\u6a2a\u6761\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u624d\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u8272\u89c9\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u6ce2\u957f\uff08\u9891\u7387\uff09\u3001\u5149\u6ce2\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u5149\u6ce2\u7684\u7eaf\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u6709\uff1a\u8272\u8c03\u3001\u4eae\u5ea6\u548c\u9971\u548c\u5ea6\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u89c6\u89c9\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u6709\u6697\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u660e\u9002\u5e94\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u89c6\u6746\u548c\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000Yang_Helmholtz\u6216\u4e09\u539f\u8272\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u7ea2\u3001\u7eff\u3001\u84dd\u4e09\u8272\u654f\u611f\u3002\u62ee\u6297\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u989c\u8272\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u84dd\u2026\u9ec4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ea2\u2026\u7eff\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u9ed1\u2026\u767d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u75b2\u52b3\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u989c\u8272\u540e\u6548\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u635f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u5bf9\u5730\u5931\u53bb\u989c\u8272\u89c9\u5bdf\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u7ea2\u7eff\u8272\u76f2\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u5f53\u7269\u4f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a7a\u6c14\u9707\u8361\u65f6\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u542c\u89c9\u3002\u8033\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u8033\u3001\u4e2d\u8033\u548c\u5185\u8033\u4e09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u58f0\u97f3\u901a\u8fc7\u8033\u9053\u5230\u8fbe\u8033\u819c\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u653e\u5927\uff1b\u9644\u4e8e\u57fa\u5e95\u819c\u7684\u6bdb\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5145\u6ee1\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u8033\u8717\u9707\u8361\uff0c\u5c06\u58f0\u97f3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u542c\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5411\u5927\u8111\u4f20\u9001\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u542c\u89c9\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u9891\u7387\u3001\u632f\u5e45\u548c\u7eaf\u6027\uff1b\u76f8\u5e94\u5fc3\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u97f3\u8c03\u3001\u97f3\u54cd\u548c\u97f3\u8272\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u5730\u70b9\u8bf4\u548c\u9891\u7387\u8bf4\u3002\u5730\u70b9\u8bf4\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u5e95\u819c\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f3c\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u9ad8\u9891\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u9891\u7387\u8bf4\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u5e95\u819c\u7684\u9707\u8361\u9891\u7387\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4f4e\u9891\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u58f0\u97f3\u54cd\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u4e3a\u653e\u7535\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u3002<br 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\/>\n03\u3002\u3000Thorndike\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5f8b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u503e\u5411\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002Skinner\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u800c\u975e\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u884c\u4e3a\u540e\u679c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u540e\u679c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u540e\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u6b63\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5956\u8d4f\u4ee5\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8d1f\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9762\u523a\u6fc0\uff08\u8d1f\u5f3a\u5316\u7269\uff09\u4ee5\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u884c\u4e3a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u5f3a\u5316\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u95f4\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u95f4\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\u53c8\u5206\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u95f4\u9694\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u7ecf\u5178\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6cdb\u5316\u3001\u5206\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u9000\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u884c\u4e3a\u5851\u9020\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u628a\u5927\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5c0f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u53ca\u65f6\u5730\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u5b8c\u5f62\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53cd\u5bf9Thorndike\u7684\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u2026\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u987f\u609f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u5f62\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5728\u73af\u5883\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d77\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u3002Tolman\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u9f20\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5730\u56fe\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u671f\u671b\u6216\u671f\u5f85\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u6e90\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6240\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u4e60\u5f97\u6027\u65e0\u52a9\uff0c\u6307\u9884\u671f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u80fd\u9003\u907f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u6307\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u60b2\u89c2\u578b\u89e3\u91ca\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8b\u60c5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5185\u5728\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b66\u4e60\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\u548c\u76d1\u62a4\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5bfc\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u590d\u699c\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b66\u4e60\u79f0\u4e3a\u793a\u8303\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u3000\u8bb0\u5fc6<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u5f53\u4ee3\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c2\u70b9\u628a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f7c\u6b64\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u7b26\u5408\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u611f\u89c9\u767b\u8bb0\u3001\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u6307\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6d88\u5931\u4e4b\u540e\u4fdd\u7559\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u6682\uff08\u4e0d\u52301\u79d2\uff09\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\uff08\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u58f0\u97f3\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u4e00\u7c7b\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5185\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08STM\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u7559\u5927\u7ea620\u202630\u79d2\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u8ff0\uff08\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e00\u904d\u4e00\u904d\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u6027\u590d\u8ff0\uff1b\u800c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u590d\u8ff0\uff0c\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u7ec4\u5757\uff0c\u662f\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u6210\u5927\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u5757\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\uff1b\u5bb9\u6613\u63d0\u53d6\uff1b\u50a8\u5b58\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5448\u73b0\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff08\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e03\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u8981\u60f3\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u8fdb\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8868\u5f81\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08LTM\uff09\u4e5f\u79f0\u6c38\u4e45\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u9650\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u5916\u663e\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u8bed\u4e49\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u60c5\u8282\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u8bed\u4e49\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6307\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1b\u60c5\u8282\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u8282\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6d77\u9a6c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u5916\u663e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u5185\u9690\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5fc3\u7075\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u9690\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u6280\u80fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u9690\u8bb0\u5fc6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u201c\u542f\u52a8\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u524d\u9762\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u5173\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u662f\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5f7c\u6b64\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6269\u6563\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u5c42\u7ea7\u7406\u8bba\u5f52\u6210\u7c7b\u6216\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u56fe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u56fe\u5f0f\u65e2\u5f71\u54cd\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u63d0\u53d6\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8981\u7528\u4e1a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u53bb\u5e2e\u52a9\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u50a8\u5b58\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u4ece\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u63d0\u53d6\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u523b\u4ece\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6750\u6599\uff1b\u518d\u8ba4\uff0c\u6307\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u539f\u5148\u662f\u5426\u9047\u5230\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u75d5\u8ff9\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u538b\u6291\uff08\u52a8\u673a\u60c5\u7eea\uff09\u3002\u786e\u77e5\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u6025\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5374\u60f3\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u820c\u5c16\u73b0\u8c61\uff08TOT\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u4e1a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65e7\u4fe1\u606f\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u524d\u6444\u6291\u5236\uff1b\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u5e72\u6270\u65e7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5012\u6444\u6291\u5236\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u89c2\u70b9\u5c06\u5fc3\u7406\u6bd4\u505a\u7535\u8111\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7535\u8111\u6ca1\u6709\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bcd\u8868\u3001\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5ea6\u548c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u6539\u5584\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u3000\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u6307\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5c06\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5176\u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u5316\uff08\u5f52\u7c7b\uff09\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f52\u7c7b\u65f6\u66f4\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u539f\u578b\uff08\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u7279\u522b\u597d\u7684\u6216\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6837\u4f8b\uff09\u800c\u975e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u80fd\u8fa9\u771f\u4f2a\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u610f\u4e49\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6210\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u903b\u8f91\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u6309\u7167\u903b\u8f91\u7a0b\u5f0f\u539f\u5219\u3001\u6982\u7387\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406\u53ea\u8981\u524d\u63d0\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6309\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u6982\u7387\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u547d\u9898\u3002\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51ed\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u609f\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u6743\u8861\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u4ee5\u4fbf\u505a\u51fa\u6289\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5411\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u671f\u671b\u6548\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u548c\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\u542f\u53d1\uff08\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u6377\u5f84\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u4e2d\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e0e\u539f\u578b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0b\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e1a\u5df2\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bfb\u6c42\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff1b\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u56fa\u7740\uff0c\u6307\u5f53\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u601d\u7ef4\u5dee\u9519\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u5e73\u884c\u5206\u5e03\u52a0\u5de5\uff08PDP\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u5e73\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5f25\u6563\uff08\u5206\u5e03\uff09\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u52a0\u5de5\u5355\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u52a0\u5de5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u97f3\u7d20\u3002\u8bcd\u7d20\u5219\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u5e2e\u52a9\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6309\u7167Whorf\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5851\u9020\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u5851\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5c06\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u5f00\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u601d\u7ef4\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u7528\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000Chomsky\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8bed\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5185\u542b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u754c\u5b9a\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002Chomsky\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5148\u5929\u8bed\u8a00\u83b7\u5f97\u88c5\u7f6e\uff08LAD\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1bSkinner\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u539f\u7406\u3002Chomsky\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6784\u9020\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb8\u591a\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7ecf\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u54bf\u5440\u5b66\u8bed\u3001\u5355\u5b57\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u7535\u62a5\u7801\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bed\u53e5\u51e0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u9636\u6bb5\u540c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5929\u6027\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u5305\u62ec\u8eaf\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u59ff\u52bf\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8bed\u8c03\uff0c\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89e6\u89c9\u548c\u5473\u89c9\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f\u5bf9\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7535\u8111\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u5b58\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u4e00\u6837\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u3000\u667a\u529b<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u667a\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u667a\u529b\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u667a\u529b\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u667a\u529b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u6709\u4e9b\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u667a\u529b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u5feb\u6377\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u666e\u904d\u800c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u667a\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u6027\u5411\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5c31\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u6d4b\u9a8c\u548c\u6027\u5411\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3IQ\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u662fBinet\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u8fdf\u949d\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002Binet\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5e74\u9f84\uff08MA\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u513f\u7ae5\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u6570\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u667a\u5546\uff08IQ\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u667a\u529b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u667a\u5546\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5e74\u9f84\u9664\u4ee5\u751f\u7406\u5e74\u9f84\u518d\u4e58\u4ee5100\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000Wechsler\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u9f84\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u8868\u793a\u667a\u5546\uff08\u79bb\u5dee\u667a\u5546\uff09\u3002Wechsler\u91cf\u8868\uff08WAIS\u2026R\u4ee5\u53ca\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u7684WISC\u2026R\uff09\u5305\u62ec         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u667a\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u667a\u529b\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u667a\u529b\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002Spearman\u7684\u53cc\u56e0\u7d20\u7406\u8bba\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u667a\u529b\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u89c2\u70b9\u8bd5\u56fe\u667a\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u667a\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u5dee\u522b\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u52a0\u5de5\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u5e94\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0eIQ\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6709\u5173\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000Gardner\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u667a\u529b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4e03\u79cd\u667a\u529b\uff1a\u8bed\u6587\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u4f53\u80fd\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u81ea\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002Gardner\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u65e0\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u667a\u529b\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u667a\u529b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8fc7\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u667a\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5728\u5851\u9020\u667a\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6709\u5173\u53cc\u751f\u5b50\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u9886\u517b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u667a\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u667a\u5546\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u667a\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u6587\u5316\u516c\u5e73\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u514d\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u6307\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7f16\u5236\u65f6\u8bd5\u56fe\u6392\u9664\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8bed\u6587\u3001\u6570\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e3a\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u7b49\u9898\u6750\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u667a\u529b\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u6307\u603b\u4f53\u667a\u529b\u529f\u80fd\u660e\u663e\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u671f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u6307\u667a\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u667a\u5546\u6d4b\u9a8c\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u5206\u624d\u7b97\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u8005\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000\u521b\u9020\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u65b0\u5947\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u667a\u5546\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u3000\u667a\u5546\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ad8\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u660e\u663e\u4e0e\u8e81\u90c1\u75c7\u548c\u6e05\u5ea6\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u76f8\u5173\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u3000\u610f\u8bc6<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6307\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u89c9\u5bdf\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u76d1\u89c6\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u89c9\u5bdf\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u65e6\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u5165\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u77e5\u89c9\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u805a\u7126\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u6df1\u5165\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u6709\u9650\u4f53\u9a8c\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u4efb\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53d6\u6837\u6cd5\u3001\u5bfb\u547c\u63d0\u9192\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u662f\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u3002\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\uff0c\u6307\u6ce8\u610f\u4ece\u5916\u5728\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u8f6c\u5411\u5185\u5728\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u56fd\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u505a\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5e73\u5e38\u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u505a\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000Freud\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u524d\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u524d\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u6291\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u610f\u8bc6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7126\u8651\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u9608\u9650\u4e0b\u5448\u73b0\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u751a\u5c0f\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\uff09\u548c\u524d\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u9608\u9650\u4e0b\uff09\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5e73\u884c\u4f46\u610f\u8bc6\u89c9\u5bdf\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u4e2d\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u89c9\u9192\u548c\u5524\u8d77\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u989d\u53f6\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u6307\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u591a\u6570\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8def\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u635f\u4f24\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u76f2\u89c6\u6216Prosopagnosia\u8fd9\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u969c\u788d\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u7761\u7720\/\u89c9\u9192\u5468\u671f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u8282\u5f8b\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u5e38\u5149\u7167\u548c\u9ed1\u6697\u5468\u671f\u800c\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u8111\u7535\u6ce2\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7761\u7720\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u6309\u8111\u7535\u6ce2\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\u3002\u591a\u6570\u68a6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8eREM\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u773c\u7403\u51fa\u73b0\u9707\u98a4\u8fd0\u52a8\u800c\u5f97\u540d\uff09\u7761\u7720\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u4e00\u591c\u505a\u68a64\u20266\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u9192\u6765\u80fd\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u591a\u534a\u662f\u4e34\u9192\u524d\u505a\u7684\u68a6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e72\u6270REM\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929REM\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u5f39\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000Freud\u5c06\u68a6\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u8282\uff09\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u91ca\u68a6\uff0c\u5373\u6839\u636e\u8868\u73b0\u5185\u5bb9\u63a8\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u6f5c\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002Freud\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff1b\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u5f53\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u6d3e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u613f\u671b\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u90fd\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u68a6\u4e2d\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u68a6\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u7406\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u68a6\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u68a6\u662f\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e2d\u8111\u751f\u6210\u7684\u968f\u673a\u795e\u7ecf\u51b2\u52a8\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5bf9\u68a6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7761\u7720\u969c\u788d\u5305\u62ec\u5931\u7720\u3001\u68a6\u9b47\u3001\u591c\u60ca\u3001\u7a92\u606f\u6027\u7761\u7720\u548c\u55dc\u7761\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u53d8\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9759\u5750\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u50ac\u7720\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u9759\u5750\uff08\u6c89\u601d\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u6269\u5f20\u53bb\u6ce8\u610f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e73\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u89c9\u5bdf\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u7ea7\u9759\u5750\u3002\u636e\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u9759\u5750\u5728\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u6c27\u6c14\u6d88\u8017\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5fc3\u7387\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u8840\u538b\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6212\u70df\u3001\u6212\u9152\u3001\u6212\u6bd2\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u667a\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u65e0\u660e\u663e\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5982\u5e73\u548c\u3001\u5185\u5728\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u4eea\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u9a8c\u65e2\u662f\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u53c8\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u6211\u548c\u975e\u6211\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u50ac\u7720\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u653e\u677e\u548c\u6613\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7761\u7720\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7761\u7720\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u50ac\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u50ac\u7720\u672f\u3002\u50ac\u7720\u6548\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u6697\u793a\u3002\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u6697\u793a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u50ac\u7720\u6613\u611f\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u50ac\u7720\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u5728\u50ac\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u5e94\u88ab\u52a8\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u7a84\u5316\u3001\u56de\u60f3\u5f80\u4e8b\u3001\u77e5\u89c9\u626d\u66f2\u3001\u6613\u53d7\u6697\u793a\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u3001\u4e8b\u540e\u9057\u5fd8\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000Hilgard\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u9690\u853d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u50ac\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u56e0\u50ac\u7720\u5e08\u7684\u6697\u793a\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u50ac\u7720\u540e\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5206\u79bb\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\u53d7\u6697\u793a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u662f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u63a9\u76d6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53e3\u5934\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n15\u3002\u3000\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u836f\u7269\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n16\u3002\u3000\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u6291\u5236\u5242\u3001\u5174\u594b\u5242\u548c\u81f4\u5e7b\u5242\u3002\u6291\u5236\u5242\u538b\u6291\u3001\u51cf\u7f13\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u9e26\u7247\uff08\u542b\u53ef\u5f85\u56e0\u548c\u5417\u5561\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\uff08\u4ece\u9e26\u7247\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5df4\u6bd4\u59a5\u9178\u76d0\u3002\u5174\u594b\u5242\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5561\u4ed6\u660e\uff08amphetamine\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u5361\u56e0\u3001\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u548c\u5496\u5561\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u589e\u5f3a\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u8b66\u89c9\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u81f4\u5e7b\u5242\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u77e5\u89c9\u5230\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5916\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u5927\u9ebb\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81f4\u5e7b\u5242\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b23\u5feb\u3001\u6655\u7729\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6c89\u601d\u51a5\u60f3\u7b49\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\uff1a\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u6291\u5236\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4f20\u9012\uff1b\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7531\u6587\u5316\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5851\u9020\u671f\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u52a8\u673a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u6307\u7ed9\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u8d77\u3001\u6307\u5f15\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u8eaf\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6307\u5411\uff09\u548c\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u7684\u613f\u671b\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\uff08\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u8ddf\u52a8\u673a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u3001\u672c\u80fd\u3001\u9a71\u529b\u3001\u8bf1\u56e0\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u5982\u8fdb\u98df\u548c\u6027\uff09\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u5982\u5173\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u9700\u8981\uff09\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u6709\u751f\u7269\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u53c8\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5851\u9020\u800c\u6210\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u9002\u914d\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u7e41\u884d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd1\u4eb2\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u52a8\u673a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u9002\u914d\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000Freud\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u72b6\u6001\u6240\u6fc0\u52b1\u6216\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u6027\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5bb6\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u613f\u671b\u548c\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9a71\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u6027\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u81ea\u5c0a\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7528\u201c\u9a71\u529b\u201d\u6307\u9700\u8981\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5982\u9965\u997f\uff09\u6240\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u6309\u7167\u201c\u9a71\u529b\u51cf\u5c11\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u611f\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a8\u7269\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u78b0\u5de7\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u8c61\u9965\u997f\u3001\u6e34\u548c\u6027\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u5929\u9a71\u529b\u79f0\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\u9a71\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6b21\u7ea7\u9a71\u529b\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u9a71\u529b\u51cf\u5c11\u6709\u5173\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6fc0\u52b1\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u7ecf\u5e38\u8c08\u5230\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u671f\u671b\u2026\u6548\u4ef7\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8054\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u76ee\u6807\u8c03\u8282\u4eba\u7684\u591a\u6570\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u6309\u7167Maslow\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u9ad8\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u6b21\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\uff1a\u751f\u7406\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5f52\u5c5e\u3001\u81ea\u5c0a\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u6307\u8eaf\u4f53\u5c06\u98df\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9965\u997f\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u5bfc\u81f4\u9965\u997f\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0e\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\u3002\u80a0\u80c3\u58c1\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u6d88\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5bf9\u9965\u997f\u52a8\u673a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u6839\u636e\u8eab\u4f53\u751f\u7406\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u91cd\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u5185\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u70b9\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u80a5\u80d6\u75c7\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4f53\u91cd\u6309\u8eab\u9ad8\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u8d85\u8fc7\u7406\u60f3\u4f53\u91cd\u768415\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4f53\u91cd\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u6444\u53d6\u91cf\u3002\u6587\u5316\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u98df\u6216\u4f53\u91cd\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u538c\u98df\u75c7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fdb\u98df\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f53\u91cd\u8fc7\u8f7b\uff0c\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u98df\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6613\u997f\u75c7\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u72c2\u5403\u72c2\u6cfb\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5148\u5403\u5927\u91cf\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6545\u610f\u5455\u5410\u51fa\u6765\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u6cfb\u836f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u8fdb\u98df\u969c\u788d90\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u591a\u7531\u51cf\u80a5\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f15\u8d77\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u6027\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u53d7\u5e7b\u60f3\u548c\u6fc0\u7d20\u6240\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u7531\u6587\u5316\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u5f71\u54cd\u5b50\u5bab\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u548c\u6fc0\u53d1\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u6fc0\u53d1\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u6fc0\u7d20\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u6027\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u3001\u5f02\u6027\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6307\u5411\u3002\u540c\u6027\u604b\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u770b\u91cd\u5e7c\u5e74\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u770b\u91cd\u5e7c\u5e74\u540c\u6027\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5973\u6027\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u7537\u6027\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7406\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u662f\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u6027\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff08\u5973\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u65e9\u6cc4\uff08\u7537\u6027\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5341\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u592b\u59bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ecf\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u3001\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br 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\/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e94\u6fc0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e94\u6fc0\u6e90\u3002\u5e94\u6fc0\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5927\u707e\u96be\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u5e94\u6fc0\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5bf9\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u6fc0\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8981\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u503e\u5411\u3002A\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u654c\u610f\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fc3\u810f\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6240\u8c13A\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6307\u6025\u8e81\u3001\u6025\u4e8e\u6c42\u6210\u3001\u4e89\u5f3a\u597d\u80dc\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6743\u529b\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u575a\u5f3a\u6027\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\/\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u8ddf\u5e94\u6fc0\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u5e94\u4ed8\u538b\u529b\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u60c5\u5883\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u6fc0\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e94\u4ed8\uff1b\u5e94\u4ed8\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5e26\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7279\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n15\u3002\u3000\u610f\u5728\u4f7f\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u60c5\u7eea\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u6109\u5feb\u60c5\u7eea\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5e94\u4ed8\u7b56\u7565\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u201d\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u538b\u6291\u3001\u5426\u8ba4\u3001\u6295\u5c04\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u5347\u534e\u3001\u5408\u7406\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u653b\u51fb\u3002<br \/>\n16\u3002\u3000\u5e94\u4ed8\u538b\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u957f\u5bff\u6709\u5173\u3002<br \/>\n17\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u51b7\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u70ed\u201d\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5e94\uff1b\u5b83\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u683c<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u6307\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e2\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u683c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u4e0e\u4eba\u683c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u672f\u8bed\u6709\uff1a\u6027\u683c\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u6c14\u8d28\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6709\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7565\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000Freud\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u613f\u671b\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u6216\u610f\u5411\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u529b\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u6a21\u578b\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u524d\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002Freud\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5373\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u6216\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u800c\u975e\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u77db\u76fe\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u59a5\u534f\u5f62\u6210\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000Freud\u7684\u9a71\u529b\u6216\u672c\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u6027\uff08libido\uff09\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5fc3\u7406\u6027\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u53e3\u5507\u671f\u3001\u809b\u95e8\u671f\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u671f\u3001\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f\u548c\u751f\u6b96\u671f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f53\u9a8c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fa\u7740\uff08\u5373\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u5173\u6ce8\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bfc\u81f4\u9000\u5316\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff09\u3002\u5728\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u671f\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7ecf\u5386Oedipus\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u5373\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u65b9\u6709\u611f\u89c9\/\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000Freud\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u533a\u5206\u51fa\uff1a\u672c\u6211\uff08\u6027\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u84c4\u6c34\u6c60\uff09\uff0c\u8d85\u6211\uff08\u826f\u5fc3\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u6211\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u7406\u6027\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u613f\u671b\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u67d0\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000Neo\u2026Freudians\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u4e86Freud\u7684\u9a71\u529b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Jung\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u96c6\u4f53\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff1bAdler\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u5353\u8d8a\u7b49\u79ef\u6781\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5ba2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u8868\u5f81\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5728\u5851\u9020\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u719f\u7231\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u751f\u6d3b\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6295\u5c04\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Rorschach\u58a8\u8ff9\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u7edf\u89c9\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff08TAT\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u7528\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u68c0\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7a81\u51fa\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u671f\u671b\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u5bf9\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u5728\u4eba\u683c\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u76fc\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u2026\u7ed3\u679c\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u2026\u6548\u80fd\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u53bb\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u4e2a\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6307\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u6307\u8bbe\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u8bc4\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3001\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u628a\u4eba\u683c\u770b\u6210\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u591a\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u663e\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u62a5\u544a\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65b9\u9762\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u7279\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u662f\u7279\u8d28\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u503e\u5411\u3002Allport\u662f\u7279\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7279\u8d28\u65e2\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u53c8\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u548c\u5f25\u6563\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u7279\u8d28\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u67a2\u7ebd\u7279\u8d28\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u8d28\u548c\u6b21\u8981\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5047\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u7edf\u6211\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u7528\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u6784\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u7406\u8bba\u3002Eysenck\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3atype\uff09\u6709\uff1a\u5916\u5411\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u8d28\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7279\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u683c\u7531\u4e94\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u4e94\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5916\u5411\u3001\u6109\u5feb\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u548c\u5f00\u660e\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u7279\u8d28\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5929\u6027\u548c\u629a\u517b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u2026\u60c5\u5883\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u683c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u663e\u73b0\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000\u7279\u8d28\u4eba\u683c\u7406\u8bba\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u683c\u91cf\u8868\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u5f97\u53ea\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u800c\u975e\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u683c\u3002<br \/>\n15\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bfb\u6c42\u8868\u73b0\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u957f\u3002Rogers\u7684\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u9a8c\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6309\u7167Rogers\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u3001\u201c\u865a\u5047\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u60c5\u3002<br \/>\n16\u3002\u3000\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u683c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a2\u6c42\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u9762\u3002<br \/>\n17\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5982\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba\u90a3\u4e48\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u3002<br \/>\n18\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u683c\u6709\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u3002Marx\u5c06\u4eba\u683c\u5f52\u6eaf\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0cFreud\u5219\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u5f52\u6eaf\u5230\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u683c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4eba\u683c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9700\u8981\u5851\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u751f\u7406\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd5\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u5f97\u4e0e\u5931\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u4e34\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5929\u6027\u548c\u517b\u80b2\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u671f\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7279\u522b\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4eca\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u6216\u8005\u654f\u611f\u671f\uff08\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u4f46\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6b65\u9aa4\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f9d\u9760\u4e09\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6a2a\u6bb5\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u3001\u7eb5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u3002\u6a2a\u6bb5\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u7ec4\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u88ab\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7eb5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u957f\u671f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e74\u9f84\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u975e\u5e74\u9f84\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u7eb5\u5411\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5c06\u56e2\u4f53\u6df7\u6dc6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u51fa\u751f\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u80da\u82bd\u671f\u3001\u80da\u80ce\u671f\u3001\u80ce\u513f\u671f\u3002\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u53ef\u5361\u56e0\u7b49\uff0c\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u51fa\u751f\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u51fa\u751f\u524d\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u9010\u6b65\u9ad3\u9798\u5316\u3001\u7a81\u89e6\u8054\u7cfb\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5927\u8111\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u53d1\u80b2\u68c9\u961f\u73af\u5883\u9700\u6c42\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u53d8\u901a\u6027\u6216\u5f39\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7edf\u8c03\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u89c9\u9053\u7684\u6709\u5173\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u65e9\u671f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u8d77\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000Piaget\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u660e\u548c\u6784\u9020\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002Piaget\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u9002\u5e94\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u5316\u548c\u987a\u5e94\u3002\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u6307\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u56fe\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7eb3\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u987a\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f0f\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000Piaget\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u2026\u8fd0\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u77e5\u89c9\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u9010\u6e10\u83b7\u5f97\u5ba2\u4f53\u6c38\u5b58\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5ba2\u4f53\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u662f\u5426\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u611f\u89c9\u2026\u8fd0\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u7279\u522b\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u524d\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8f6c\u5316\u548c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u590d\u539f\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5185\u5728\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u513f\u7ae5\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u9006\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u5b88\u6052\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u6216\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u9898\u800c\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u3002<br 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\/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5230\u9752\u6625\u671f\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u89c6\u89d2\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u9a8c\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u522b\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u6027\u522b\u56fe\u5f0f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u9053\u5fb7\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u83b7\u5f97\u7528\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eb2\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u6709\u5229\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf8\u5982\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u793a\u8303\u4f5c\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u6ce8\u610f\u9053\u5fb7\u63a8\u7406\u800c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002Kohlberg\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u63a8\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u6c34\u5e73\uff1a\u524d\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u60e9\u7f5a\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u5956\u8d4f\u800c\u9075\u5b88\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u6309\u7167\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6807\u51c6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u597d\u574f\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u5e94\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff09\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u5206\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u6210\u5206\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u6309\u7167\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5c06\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5185\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5185\u759a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u9075\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u79fb\u60c5\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\uff08\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u4eba\u6b63\u53d7\u4f24\u5bb3\uff09\u5728\u6fc0\u52b1\u4eba\u7684\u4eb2\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000Erikson\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u516b\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6bd5\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u516b\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5bf9\u5bb3\u7f9e\u548c\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u759a\uff0c\u52e4\u594b\u5bf9\u81ea\u5351\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\uff09\uff1b\u81ea\u6211\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u6a21\u7cca\uff08\u9752\u6625\u671f\uff09\uff1b\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5bf9\u5b64\u72ec\uff0c\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e0e\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u5bf9\u7edd\u671b\uff08\u6210\u5e74\u671f\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\uff0c\u6307\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5b81\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u968f\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u201d\u51b3\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u7ed9\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u788d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u613f\u671b\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u70b9\u5c06\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u7d0a\u4e71\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u73af\u5883\u5076\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u77e5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u7406\u89e3\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\u6e90\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5185\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u6d3b\u52a8\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6c89\u5bc2\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\u2026\u5e94\u6fc0\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7d20\u8d28\uff08\u5148\u5929\u9057\u4f20\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u503e\u5411\uff09\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5e94\u6fc0\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u75c7\u72b6\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u592b\u59bb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u666f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7d0a\u4e71\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u7248\uff09\uff08DSM\u2026IV\uff09\uff081994\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u534f\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd1989\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\u6216\u9752\u6625\u671f\u8bca\u65ad\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u75c7\u72b6\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u7f3a\u9677\u591a\u52a8\u75c7\uff0c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u5206\u5fc3\u3001\u51b2\u52a8\u548c\u591a\u52a8\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u64cd\u884c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5373\u5b69\u5b50\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u8fdd\u53cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u7269\u8d28\u6709\u5173\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u6307\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u9157\u9152\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4f7f\u7528\u969c\u788d\u3002\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u591a\u6570\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9157\u9152\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u8131\u8282\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u79ef\u6781\u75c7\u72b6\uff08\u5982\u5e7b\u89c9\u3001\u9519\u89c9\u3001\u8054\u60f3\u6563\u6f2b\uff09\uff0c\u6d88\u6781\u75c7\u72b6\uff08\u60c5\u611f\u8d2b\u4e4f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u80fd\u5dee\uff09\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5984\u60f3\u72c2\uff08\u4ee5\u5984\u60f3\u75c7\u72b6\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\uff09\uff0c\u7d27\u5f20\u578b\uff08\u4ee5\u8eaf\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u6709\u7d27\u5f20\u6027\u5174\u594b\u548c\u7d27\u5f20\u578b\u6728\u50f5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ea4\u66ff\u51fa\u73b0\uff09\uff0c\u7d0a\u4e71\u578b\uff08\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u7279\u522b\u5dee\uff0c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u51cc\u4e71\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u602a\u5f02\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u6de1\u6f20\u6216\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u5206\u5316\u578b\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff09\uff0c\u6b8b\u7559\u578b\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u60c5\u611f\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u8a00\u8bed\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bdd\u53ef\u8bf4\uff0c\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52a8\u673a\uff09\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u5927\u8111\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u6613\u611f\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d7\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u6216\u8005\u6076\u5316\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u5883\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ee5\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u5fc3\u5883\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8e81\u72c2\u75c7\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u7279\u522b\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u3002\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u662f\u4e3b\u6291\u90c1\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u6307\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u65e0\u540d\u6291\u90c1\u3002\u4e24\u6781\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u662f\u8e81\u72c2\u548c\u4e3b\u6291\u90c1\u60c5\u8282\u4ea4\u66ff\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5fc3\u5883\u969c\u788d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u6709\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u6740\u5ff5\u5934\u662f\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6210\u5206\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u5883\u969c\u788d\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e24\u6781\u969c\u788d\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e8b\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u80fd\u4fc3\u6210\u6291\u90c1\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u7d0a\u4e71\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u8bf1\u53d1\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u3001\u9891\u7e41\u6216\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u7406\u7531\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3002\u6050\u60e7\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u60c5\u666f\u7406\u7531\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5bb3\u6015\u548c\u5384\u8fd0\u6216\u6050\u6016\u611f\u3002\u5e7f\u573a\u6050\u6016\u75c7\uff0c\u6307\u5904\u4e8e\u5f88\u96be\u9003\u8131\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6216\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\u7684\u5bb3\u6015\u611f\u3002\u5f3a\u8feb\u2026\u51b2\u52a8\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u518d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\uff08\u6301\u4e45\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\u548c\u51b2\u52a8\uff08\u4ee5\u523b\u677f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u4f5c\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5012\u53d9\u548c\u53cd\u590d\u60f3\u5230\u901a\u5e38\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f53\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5fe7\u4f24\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n14\u3002\u3000\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u9057\u4f20\u503e\u5411\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u5e38\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u7ae5\u5e74\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u548c\u613f\u671b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n15\u3002\u3000\u3000\u5206\u79bb\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u73af\u5883\u77e5\u89c9\u51fa\u73b0\u5206\u88c2\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u5f00\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u591a\u91cd\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\u3002<br \/>\n16\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u957f\u5e74\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8fb9\u7f18\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5fc3\u5883\u6025\u5267\u6446\u52a8\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5bb3\u6015\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u9057\u5f03\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u51b2\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u4f24\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u3002\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5e72\u6270\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u9057\u4f20\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u7ae5\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8650\u5f85\u548c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e5f\u8d77\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6cbb\u7597<br \/>\n17\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n18\u3002\u3000\u81ea\u7531\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u75c7\u72b6\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u5bf9\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u3001\u59a5\u534f\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u6307\u5c06\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u613f\u671b\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ece\u7ae5\u5e74\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u8005\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5341\u5206\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6ce8\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n19\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5f53\u4eca\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\uff08\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\uff08\u4f9d\u8d56\u540c\u6837\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8bdd\u66f4\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u540c\u6837\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\u548c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597<br \/>\n20\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u548c\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5e72\u9884\u3002<br \/>\n21\u3002\u3000\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8131\u654f\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u6280\u672f\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u677e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6162\u6162\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u6240\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u66dd\u5149\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u548c\u8131\u654f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ecf\u5178\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u5b83\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u7528\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<br \/>\n22\u3002\u3000\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5851\u9020\u6240\u8981\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u9010\u6e10\u5f15\u5bfc\u75c5\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u6280\u80fd\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f20\u6388\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u80fd\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n23\u3002\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u6548\u800c\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u66ff\u4ee3\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002Ellis\u63a8\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u2026\u60c5\u611f\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u7684ABC\u7406\u8bba\uff0cA\u6307\u6fc0\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff0cB\u6307\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cC\u6307\u60c5\u7eea\u540e\u679c\u3002Beck\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u4eba\u672c\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cbb\u7597<br \/>\n24\u3002\u3000\u4eba\u672c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u4f53\u9a8c\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u3002Rogers\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2a\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u79fb\u60c5\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f53\u9a8c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u3002<br \/>\n25\u3002\u3000\u56e2\u5bf9\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u540c\u65f6\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u56e2\u961f\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e2\u961f\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u5f0f\u662f\u81ea\u52a9\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u5411\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e92\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u53d8\u5f0f\u662f\u5a5a\u59fb\u6216\u592b\u5987\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4ee5\u592b\u5987\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u751f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597<br \/>\n26\u3002\u3000\u751f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u5927\u8111\u7684\u673a\u80fd\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u673a\u80fd\u3002\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7528\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7535\u75c9\u631b\u6cbb\u7597\uff08ECT\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7535\u51fb\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u5373\u51cf\u8f7b\u5fc3\u7406\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u5927\u8111\u624b\u672f\u4e5f\u66fe\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n27\u3002\u3000\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3001\u4e24\u6781\u969c\u788d\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u75c5\u60c5\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u7387\u548c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5176\u4e24\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n28\u3002\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6559\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u6cd5\u66f4\u597d\u3002<br \/>\n29\u3002\u3000\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c16\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6216\u9690\u542b\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u573a\u5bf9\u4eba\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u6210\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9884\u793a\u5668\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u5fc3\u4e24\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u8bf4\u670d\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u6307\u6545\u610f\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u5f15\u5bfc\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u8981\u6c42\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8bf4\u670d\u6027\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6c9f\u901a\u6e90\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6e20\u9053\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6307\u5411\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u4e0d\u9002\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u4eba         <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:nextpage --><!--nextpage--><!-- \/wp:nextpage --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n            <br \/>\n            \n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            <br \/>\n            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\/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4eba\u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u3002\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4eba\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6709\u5173\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u60c5\u666f\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6709\u5173\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5267\u672c\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u660e\u786e\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u4eba\u5904\u4e16\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u89d2\u8272\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u671f\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bf8\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u6027\u522b\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6982\u5316\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u5f52\u7ed3\u5230\u4e00\u7ec4\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6307\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u504f\u89c1\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42\u7ec4\u5185\u548c\u7ec4\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ec5\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u524a\u51cf\u7ec4\u5185\u548c\u7ec4\u5916\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u6d89\u53ca\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u6709\u5173\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5f52\u56e0\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5f52\u56e0\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u5f52\u56e0\uff08\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u60c5\u5883\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u5f52\u56e0\uff08\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e09\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u8be5\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u8d2f\u6027\uff08\u5728\u8be5\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u6027\uff08\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f30\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6298\u6263\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u662f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6307\u5c3d\u7ba1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u6709\u60c5\u5883\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u52a0\u5927\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5f52\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u5f0f\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b\u9ad8\u4f30\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f30\u60c5\u5883\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u6bd4\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff08\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u5dee\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u4eba\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u8005\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5ba2\u4f53\u81ea\u6211\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u52a8\u8bba\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u77e5\u89c9\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6807\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u6df1\u53d7\u5468\u56f4\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u5f53\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u81ea\u5c0a\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u6709\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u8ba4\u5b9a\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u76ae\u514b\u9a6c\u5229\u7fc1\u6548\u5e94\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c17\u7ae0\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u9645\u8fc7\u7a0b<br \/>\n<br \/>\n01\u3002\u3000\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u9645\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u3001\u5956\u8d4f\u548c\u8eaf\u4f53\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6362\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5956\u8d4f\u3002<br \/>\n02\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7231\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u60c5\u611f\u578b\u7231\uff08\u4ee5\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5524\u9192\u548c\u6eb6\u5165\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\u548c\u53cb\u7231\u578b\u7231\uff08\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u7231\uff09\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002Sternberg\u5c06\u7231\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u4eb2\u5bc6\u3001\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\/\u627f\u8bfa\u4e09\u79cd\u6210\u5206\u3002Sternberg\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u517c\u5907\u624d\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7231\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u7231\u662f\u5a74\u513f\u4f9d\u604b\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6027\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u914d\u5076\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6027\u7b56\u7565\u56e0\u6027\u522b\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n03\u3002\u3000\u7231\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u6587\u5316\u5b9a\u578b\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5a5a\u59fb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7231\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n04\u3002\u3000\u5229\u4ed6\uff0c\u6307\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd8\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u662f\u5426\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u79c1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n05\u3002\u3000\u5bf9\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u5e72\u9884\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u523b\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u624b\u76f8\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u6563\uff08\u611f\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u51cf\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n06\u3002\u3000\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6307\u610f\u5728\u4f24\u5bb3\u522b\u4eba\u6216\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u6216\u8eaf\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u5c5e\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c4\u6027\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u603b\u662f\u663e\u5f97\u6bd4\u96cc\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u3002<br \/>\n07\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5206\u5c42\u6b21\u5730\u5bf9\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u5b9e\u65bd\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u548c\u4e0b\u4e18\u8111\u8d77\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u53d7\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u777e\u4e38\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u628a\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5956\u60e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<br \/>\n08\u3002\u3000\u632b\u6298\u2026\u653b\u51fb\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u51fa\u81ea\u53d7\u5230\u632b\u6298\u7684\u613f\u671b\u6216\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u632b\u6298\u6216\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\u3002<br \/>\n09\u3002\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6307\u4ed6\u4eba\u51fa\u73b0\u5bf9\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u9075\u7167\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6307\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002Milgram\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u4e00\u5473\u670d\u4ece\u3002<br \/>\n10\u3002\u3000\u4ece\u4f17\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9002\u5408\u540c\u4f34\u6216\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002Asch\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u610f\u89c1\u660e\u663e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u987a\u4ece\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4ece\u4f17\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u6216\u89c4\u907f\u5956\u60e9\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\uff0c\u4ece\u4f17\u73b0\u8c61\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n11\u3002\u3000\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u89c4\u8303\uff08\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff09\uff0c\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u5bf9\u5904\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff08\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u66f4\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n12\u3002\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56e2\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u51fa\u73b0\u56e2\u4f53\u6781\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u56e2\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u8d8b\u5411\u5192\u9669\u6216\u8c28\u614e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u3002<br \/>\n13\u3002\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u98de\u901f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fdb\u9000\u7ef4\u8c37\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u5e94\u4ed8\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u590d\u4e60\u601d\u8003\u9898<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6027\u8d28<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff1f\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u75c5\u7387\u6bd4\u4e61\u6751\u9ad8\uff0c\u8bd5\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u5148\u5929\u548c\u540e\u5929\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5404\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u54ea\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u505a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0a\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u822c\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5355\u76f2\u6216\u53cc\u76f2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4f55\u533a\u522b\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u67d0\u6559\u6388\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u5357\u65b9\u548c\u5317\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u8c03\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4eb2\u81ea\u4ee5\u9762\u8c08\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u7ea640\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u8bf7\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u8bf7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8001\u5e08\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7406\u57fa\u7840<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u51b2\u52a8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u54ea\u4e24\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u6210\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4f55\u5f02\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5206\u54ea\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u53f6\uff09\uff1f\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u5272\u88c2\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u3000\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u77e5\u89c9<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u89c6\u6746\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u6bd4\u8f83\u989c\u8272\u7684\u4e09\u539f\u8272\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u62ee\u6297\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u9891\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u77e5\u89c9\u4e3a\u97f3\u8c03\u7684\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u5206\u5fc3\u6216\u5e72\u6270\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u75bc\u75db\u611f\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u4fe1\u53f7\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8bba\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9608\u9650\u6d4b\u91cf\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7279\u5f81\u89c9\u5bdf\u5668\uff1f\u8be5\u63d0\u6cd5\u4e0eGestalt\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n8\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9608\u9650\u4e0b\u77e5\u89c9\uff1f\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u3000\u5b66\u4e60<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u7ecf\u5178\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u79ef\u6781\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u5f3a\u5316\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u5956\u60e9\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8ff7\u4fe1\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7528\u4ee5\u8bad\u7ec3\u72d7\u542c\u5230\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u4e0e\u4eba\u63e1\u624b\u3002<br \/>\n8\u3001\u3000\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u73b0\u8c61\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n9\u3001\u3000\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u62bd\u70df\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u3000\u8bb0\u5fc6<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6709\u4f55\u7279\u70b9\uff1f\u5b83\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u9690\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u50a8\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u9057\u5fd8\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u524d\u6444\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5012\u6444\u6291\u5236\u3002<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u4ece\u52a0\u5de5\u6c34\u5e73\u8bf4\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u6548\u679c\u5dee\uff1f<br \/>\n8\u3001\u3000\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u5584\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1f<br \/>\n9\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u3000\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u63a8\u7406\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f\u5404\u81ea\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5931\u8bef\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000Chomsky\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u5f3a\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u3000\u667a\u529b<br \/>\n1\u3001\u201c\u667a\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u6587\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff1f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u667a\u5546\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u73b0\u6709\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000Wechsler\u5728\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4f55\u72ec\u5230\u8d21\u732e\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000Gardner\u7684\u667a\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0eSpearman\u3001Cattell\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u667a\u5546\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u3000\u610f\u8bc6<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0\u610f\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u76f2\u89c6\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u4ece\u8111\u7535\u6ce2\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u7761\u7720\u4e00\u822c\u7ecf\u5386\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u5265\u593aREM\u7761\u7720\u4f1a\u6709\u4f55\u540e\u679c\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u68a6\u6709\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u50ac\u7720\uff1f\u50ac\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4eba\u6709\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff1f<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u9690\u853d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u201d\uff1f\u5b83\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n8\u3001\u3000\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\u6709\u51e0\u5927\u7c7b\uff1f\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u540e\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u3000\u52a8\u673a<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u672c\u80fd\u3001\u9a71\u529b\u3001\u9700\u8981\u3001\u671f\u671b\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u533a\u522b\u3002<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u9002\u914d\u3002<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9a71\u529b\u51cf\u5c11\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u8ff0\u8bc4Maslow\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u79cd\u80a5\u80d6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u6027\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u751f\u7406\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u6210\u5c31\u52a8\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u3000\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u5e94\u6fc0\u548c\u5e94\u4ed8<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u60c5\u7eea\uff1f\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u6bd4\u8f83James\u2026Lange\u7406\u8bba\u548cCannon\u2026Bard\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u60c5\u7eea\u4e00\u822c\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u7c7b\uff1f\u76f8\u5bf9\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000Schachter\u2026Singer\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000Selye\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u5e94\u6fc0\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000Lazarus\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u5e94\u6fc0\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<br \/>\n8\u3001\u3000A\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u4f55\u7279\u70b9\uff1f\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<br \/>\n9\u3001\u3000\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u3000\u4eba\u683c<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u6c14\u8d28\u3001\u6027\u683c\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u63cf\u8ff0Freud\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u4eba\u683c\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000Jung\u548cAdler\u4e0eFreud\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u89c2\u6709\u4f55\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u2026\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0Allport\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n7\u3001\u3000\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u7ed9\u4eba\u683c\u7814\u7a76\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff1f<br \/>\n8\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u683c\u73b0\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n9\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u91cf\u8868\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u3000\u751f\u7406\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u8bd5\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5206\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5148\u5929\u548c\u540e\u5929\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u6216\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u89c6\u7eb5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000Piaget\u7684\u540c\u5316\u548c\u987a\u5e94\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000Piaget\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u54ea\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1f<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c14\u7ae0\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u53d1\u5c55<br \/>\n1\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f9d\u604b\uff1f\u4f9d\u604b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<br \/>\n2\u3001\u3000\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff1f\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u4e2d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<br \/>\n3\u3001\u3000\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff1f<br \/>\n4\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u5355\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u751f\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n5\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0Kohlberg\u9053\u5fb7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n6\u3001\u3000\u7b80\u8ff0Erikson\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u6bd5\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba\u3002<br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597<br 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